A linear amino pentasaccharide consisting of alpha-fucosyl, beta-galactosyl, beta-glucosaminyl,  beta-galactosyl and glucose units connected via sequential (1->2)-, (1->4)-, (1->3)- and (1->4)-linkages.


A linear amino tetrasaccharide consisting of alpha-fucosyl, beta-galactosyl, beta-glucosaminyl, beta-galactosyl and glucose units connected via sequential (1->2)-, (1->3)-, (1->4)- and (1->4)-linkages.


An acyclic carotene having the structure of lycopene with two hydrogen atoms abstracted from the C(3)-C(4) bond to form an extra trans double bond.


A seven-membered glucosamine oligosaccharide made up from one glucose, one fucose, two glucosamine and three galactose units in a linear sequence, linked as shown.


A glycosylrhamnose that is 4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronose joined by a (1->2)-glycosidic link to alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.


A linear amino hexasaccharide made up from one glucosamine, one glucose, one fucose and three galactose residues, linked as shown.


A hexuronate that results from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 2-O-(4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.


A hexuronic acid that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at each of the positions 2, 3, and 4 (the 2S,3R,4S-diastereoisomer).


The carotenone that is the 2-oxo derivative of (3E)-1-methoxy-3,4-didehydro-1,2,7',8'-tetrahydro-psi,psi-carotene.


A carotenol having the structure of rhodopin with two hydrogen atoms abstracted from the C(3)-C(4) bond to form an extra trans double bond.


A hexuronate that results from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronic acid.


A branched ten-membered glucosamine oligosaccharide consisting of two fucose, three glucosamine, one glucose (at the reducing end) and four galactose units, linked as shown.


A branched eight-membered glucosamine oligosaccharide consisting of two fucose, two glucosamine, one glucose (at the reducing end) and three galactose units, linked as shown.


An alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)]-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-D-GlcpNAc having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.


A branched amino tetrasaccharide comprising N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine at the reducing end with a N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 4-position.


dCpdG

A (3'->5')-dinucleotide consisting of 2'-deoxyguanosine having a 2'-deoxycytidylyl-3-phospho moiety attached at the 5-position.


An alpha-L-rhamnoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-L-Rhap-(1->2)-[alpha-L-Rhap-(1->2)-alpha-D-Galp-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->4)]-alpha-L-Rhap-(1->2)-alpha-L-Rhap moiety attached at the 1-position and an alpha-L-Rhap residue at the 3-position.


sphingomyelin d18:1(1+)

A quaternary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of sphingomyelin d18:1, obtined by protonation of the anionic phosphate function.


A sialononaosylceramide having alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the sialononaosyl component.


sialononaosylceramide

A ganglioside in which the oligosaccharide portion is composed of a nonasaccharide, to which one or more sialic acid residues are attached.


A glycononaosylceramide having beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycononaosyl component.


A glycoheptaosylceramide having beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycoheptaosyl component.


An ammonium ion that is obtained by protonation of the amino group of D-glucosylsphingosine. Major species at pH 7.3.


A glycoheptaosylceramide having beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycoheptaosyl component.


An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the primary amino group of 7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-tryptophan. Major species at pH 7.3.


A glycohexaosylceramide having beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycohexaosyl component.


methyl-branched fatty acid

Any branched-chain fatty acid containing methyl branches only.


Tetraanion of methacrylyl-CoA arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


The dicarboxylic acid dianion formed from folic acid by loss of a proton from each of the two carboxy groups in the glutamic acid moiety.


A seven-membered branched glucosamine oligosaccharide consisting of beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp having a beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc attached at the 6-position of the central galactosyl residue.


A linear amino hexasaccharide made up from two glucosamine, one glucose and three galactose residues, linked as shown.


demethylspheroidene

The carotenol formed by demethylation of the carotenoid ether spheroidene.


A linear amino hexasaccharide made up from alternating galactose and glucosamine units linked by alternating beta-(1->4)- an d beta-(1->3)-linkages.


A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine at the reducing end having an alpha-L-fucosyl residue attached at the 3-position and an alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 4-position.


eudesmane sesquiterpenoid

Any sesquiterpenoid having a eudesmane skeleton.


An alpha-D-glucoside that is the alpha-D-glucoside of the secondary hydroxy group of D-glyceric acid.


A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxyl group of 2-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glyceric acid.


An amino disaccharide consisting of D-galactose having an alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl residue attached at the 6-position


A linear amino pentasaccharide consisting of the tetrasaccharide beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having an alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl residue attached at the 3-position of the galactosyl residue at the non-reducing end.


gamma-eudesmol

A eudesmane sesquiterpenoid in which the eudesmane skeleton carries a hydroxy substituent at C-11 and has a double bond between C-4 and C-5.


A eudesmane sesquiterpenoid in which the eudesmane skeleton carries a hydroxy substituent at C-11, has a double bond between C-4 and C-5 and has inversion of configuration at C-10.


A amino trisaccharide consisting of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having an N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl group attached at the 4-position.


A amino trisaccharide consisting of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having an N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl group attached at the 3-position.


tricarballylate

A tricarboxylic acid trianion resulting from the removal of a proton from each of the carboxy groups of tricarballylic acid.


A glycoside consisting of N-acetyl-D-galactosaminitol having an N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl group attached at the 3-position.


A pentol that is (3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by an amino group. It results from hydrolysis of the O-acyl bonds of fumonisin B1.


A linear amino hexasaccharide consisting of two galactosyl, one glucosamine, two fucose and one glucose residue (at the reducing end) linked as shown.


trans-permethrin

Permithrin in which the 2,2-dichlorovinyl group and the carboxylate ester group are in a trans-configuration.


The monocarboxylic acid anion formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of 2-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoic acid; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


(-)-trans-permethrin

trans-Permethrin with configuration 1S,3R.


A penicilloate anion arising from deprotonation of both carboxy groups of a penicilloic acid.


An alpha-L-fucoside comprising D-glucitol having an alpha-L-fucosyl group attached at the 3-position as well as a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl group attached at the 4-position.


An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the amino group of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol. Major species at pH 7.3.


A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol bearing a phenoxy substituent at C-3. It is a metbaolite of the insecticide permethrin.


3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with configuration 1S,3R.


A glycoside consisting of D-glucitol having a alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->4)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl group attached at the 4-position.


L-indospicine

An  alpha-amino acid that is 2,7-diaminoheptanoic acid substituted by a imino group at position 7 (the 2S stereoisomer).


The monocarboxylic acid anion formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of (1S,3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid; major microspecies at pH 7.3.


A branched seven-membered glucosamine oligosaccharide consisting of a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose moiety with the galactosyl residue having a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group attached at the 3-position and an alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group at the 6-position.


oligogalacturonide

A galactooligosaccharide comprised of repeating alpha-D-galacturonide residues


A branched amino pentasaccharide consisting of the trisaccharide beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactose where the galactosyl residue at the non-reducing end has alpha-L-fucosyl and N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl residues attached at the 2- and 3-positions respectively.


A branched amino pentasaccharide consisting of the trisaccharide beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactose where the galactosyl residue at the non-reducing end has alpha-L-fucosyl and N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl residues attached at the 2- and 3-positions respectively and the glucosaminyl residue has an alpha-L-fucosyl residue attached at the 4-position.


An organophosphate oxoanion derived from deprotonation of the phosphate group of any N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine.


A branched amino pentasaccharide consisting of the trisaccharide beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galctose where the galactosyl residue at the non-reducing end has alpha-L-fucosyl and N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl residues attached at the 2- and 3-positions respectively.


A branched amino hexasaccharide consisting of the trisaccharide beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactose where the galactosyl residue at the non-reducing end has alpha-L-fucosyl and N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminylresidues attached at the 2- and 3-positions respectively and the glucosaminyl residue has an alpha-L-fucosyl attached at the 3-position.


A glycooctaosylceramide having alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycooctaosyl component


A oligoglycosylceramide in which the oligoglycosyl component is a linear dodecasaccharide comprised of four galactose, two N-acetylgalactosamine, one glucose, three N-acetylglucosamine, and three fucose units.


N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alaninate

The carbohydrate acid derivative anion formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanine; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


Tetraanion of 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoA arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


A glycohexaosylceramide having beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycohexaosyl component.


acyl alpha,alpha-trehalose

A glycolipid that is alpha,alpha-trehalose in which at least one of the hydroxy groups is acylated.


monoacyl alpha,alpha-trehalose

A glycolipid that is alpha,alpha-trehalose in which one of the hydroxy groups is acylated.


polyacyl alpha,alpha-trehalose

A glycolipid that is alpha,alpha-trehalose in which at two or more of the hydroxy groups are acylated.


Tetraanion of 3-oxodecanoyl-CoA arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


acyl alpha,alpha-trehalose derivative

A glycolipid that is an alpha,alpha-trehalose derivative in which at least one of the hydroxy groups is acylated.


A glycolipid that is an alpha,alpha-trehalose derivative in which one of the trehalose hydroxy groups is acylated.


A glycooctaosylceramide having beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycooctaosyl component


A glycolipid that is an alpha,alpha-trehalose derivative in which two or more of the trehalose hydroxy groups are acylated.


A oligoglycosylceramide in which the oligoglycosyl component is a linear dodecasaccharide comprised of six galactose, one glucose, three N-acetylglucosamine, and three fucose units.


fumonisin B1(3-)

A tetracarboxylic acid anion resulting from the protonation of the amino group and the deprotonation of all four carboxy groups of fumonisin B1. This is the major species at pH 7.3.


An acyl-CoA oxoanion resulting from the removal of all four protons from the phosphate groups of 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA. Major species at pH 7.3.


A mannotetraose in which the four mannose units joined by alpha-(1->6)-linkages.


A mannopentaose comprising five mannose units joined by alpha-(1->6)-linkages.


Tetraanion of (S)-3-hydroxylauroyl-CoA arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


A linear amino tetrasaccharide comprising D-galactose at the reducing end having an alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl group attached at the 3-position.


A polysaccharide derivative composed of a backbone of repeating D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units joined by (1->4)-linkages.


A glycohexaosylceramide having alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycohexaosyl component.


cellooligosaccharide

An oligosaccharide with between two and about 20 D-glucose residues connected by mixed alpha and beta (1->4) glycosidic linkages.


A sialodecaosylceramide where the oligosaccharide component is made up from four galactose, one galactosamine, three glucosamine, one glucose, one fucose and one sialose residue.


sialodecaosylceramide

A ganglioside in which the oligosaccharide portion is composed of a decasaccharide, to which one or more sialic acid residues are attached.


A nucleotide conjugate consisting of CDP joined at the 1L-position of myo-inositol via a diphosphate linkage.


A ganglioside where the oligosaccharide component is made up from five galactose, one galactosamine, four glucosamine, one glucose, two fucose and one sialose residue.


A fucosyl oligoglycosylceramide where the oligosaccharide component is made up from four galactose, one galactosamine, three glucosamine, one glucose and one fucose residue.


levisoprenaline

An optically active phenylethanolamine compound having an isopropyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.


A glycolipid, an alpha-L-rhamnosyl-alpha-L-rhamnoside of 3-[(3-hydroxydecanoyl)oxy]decanoic acid.


A glycopentaosylceramide having beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose as the pentasaccharide component.


A glycopentaosylceramide having alpha-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the pentasaccharide component.


An inositol phosphate oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from each of the phosphate groups of CDP-1L-myo-inositol. The major species at pH 7.3.


An inositol phosphate consisting of two units of 1L-myo-inositol phosphate in which the phosphate group of the first is joined to the 3-position of the second.


A glycoheptaosylceramide having N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl as the glycoheptaosyl component.


An inositol phosphate oxoanion resulting from the removal of all three protons from the phosphate groups of bis(1L-myo-inositol) 3,1'-phosphate 1-phosphate.


A branched chain fatty acid with methyl branching at C-2, -4 and -6, and with a double bond at C-2.


A glycoheptaosylceramide having alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycoheptaosyl component.


carboxymycobactin

Any one of a class of alpha-amino acid ester-lactams secreted by, amongst others,  Mycobacterium tuberculosis and which are both lipid- and water-soluble and act as siderophores.


A glycoheptaosylceramide having alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->4)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycoheptaosyl component.


A chiral mycolic acid analogue comprising 3-hydroxypropanoic acid having a tetracosanyl group at position 2 and a further long-chain alkyl group containing two cyclopropyl rings at position 3.


mycolic acid analogue

Any 3-hydroxy fatty acid that is a synthetic analogue of a mycolic acid.


A tautomer of urate(1-) in which the negative charge resides on N-1; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


A chiral mycolic acid analogue comprising 3-hydroxypropanoic acid having a tetracosanyl group at position 2 and a further long-chain alkyl group containing cyclopropyl and keto functions attached at position 3.


A chiral mycolic acid analogue comprising 3-hydroxypropanoic acid having a tetracosanyl group at position 2 and a further long-chain alkyl group containing cyclopropyl and methoxy functions attached at position 3.


A chiral mycolic acid analogue comprising 3-hydroxypropanoic acid having a tetracosanyl group at position 2 and a further long-chain alkyl group containing cyclopropyl and hydroxy functions attached at position 3.


A branched amino octasaccharide made up from two repeating (1->3)-linked N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-galactosyl units that are in turn joined to N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactose via a (1->4)-linkage.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by removal of the protons from the carboxy and phosphate groups of 2-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-O-phospho-D-glyceric acid; major species at pH 7.3.


A carboxyalkyl phosphate consisting of D-glyceric acid having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue at the 2-position and a phospho group at the 3-position


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by removal of a total of three protons from the carboxy and phosphate groups of 2-O-[alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]-3-O-phospho-D-glyceric acid; major species at pH 7.3.


A glycoside consisting of D-glyceric acid having an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-glucosyl residue at the 2-position and a phospho group at the 3-position


A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 2-oxobut-3-enoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-benzothiophen-2-yl group.


A 4-(3-hydroxy-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoic acid in which the acyclic double bond has Z-geometry.


A 4-(3-hydroxy-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoic acid in which the acyclic double bond has E-geometry.


arsonium ion

Arsonium, AsH4(+), and derivatives formed by substitution by univalent groups.


heptol

Any compound containing seven hydroxy groups.


An acyl-CoA(-) oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (S)-3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


The 1-pyrrolinecarboxylate formed by deprotonation of the carboxy group of (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylic acid; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


An acyl-CoA oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (S)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


An acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (S)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


An acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 3-oxolauroyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


An (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


An (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


hydroxyacyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxycarboxylic acid.


An acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 3-oxooctanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


An acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of hexanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


The indol-3-yl carboxylic acid anion formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid; principal microspecies at pH 7.3


An N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group in which an N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl group is linked beta(1->6) and a D-galactosyl unit is linked beta(1->3) to the D-GalNAc group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


5-hydroxy-L-kynurenine zwitterion

Tha amino acid zwitterion formed from 5-hydroxy-L-kynurenine by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; principal  microspecies at pH 7.3.


N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group with alpha-configuration at the reducing-end anomeric centre.


uroporphyrinogen I(8-)

The cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is the octacarboxylate anion of uroporphyrinogen I.


An N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group in which two N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl groups are linked beta(1->3) and beta(1->6) to the D-GalNAc group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


An N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group in which a  D-GlcNAc is linked alpha(1->3) to the D-GalNAc group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


nitarsone

An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-nitrophenyl.


L-lysinamide

The amino acid amide formed from L-lysine.


An N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group in which beta-D-GlcNAc is linked beta(1->6) to the D-GalNAc group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


coproporphyrinogen I(4-)

The cyclic tetrapyrrole anion formed by loss of a proton from each of the four carboxy groups of coproporphyrinogen I.


An N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group in which a second D-GalNAc is linked alpha(1->6) to the parent D-GalNAc group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


An N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group in which D-Gal is linked alpha(1->3) to the D-GalNAc group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


An N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group in which a sialic acid residue (Neu5Ac) is linked alpha(2->6) to the D-GalNAc group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


An N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group in which a sialic acid residue (Neu5Ac) is linked alpha(2->6) and a galactosyl group beta(1->3) to the D-GalNAc group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


An N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group in which a sialic acid (Neu5Ac) group is linked alpha(2->6) and an alpha-Neu5Ac-(1->3)-Gal group is linked beta(1->3) to the D-GalNAc group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


The L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion formed from L-4-hydroxyglutamic semialdehyde by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amine group; it is the principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


The hydroxy fatty acid anion that is formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of (S)-3-hydroxyisobutyric acid.


The organophosphate oxoanion formed by global deprotonation of the diphosphate group in 2-cis,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


A tetrasaccharide composed of three alpha-D-Kdo residues and one acetylated beta-glucosamine residue (at the reducing end). It is a partial structure of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).


perillate

The monocarboxylic acid anion formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of perillic acid; principal microspecies at pH 7.3.


A nine-membered branched glucosamine oligosaccharide made up from five glucose, two Kdo and two glucosamine residues bearing two phospho substituents. Corresponds to a truncated inner core part of Moraxella catarrhalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS).


anionic phospholipid

Any organophosphate oxoanion that is a negatively charged phospholipid, e.g. phosphatidylserine(1-), phosphatidate(2-), phosphatidylglycerol(1-).


A branched amino hexasaccharide consisting of alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose having a alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl group attached at the 4'-position (on the galactosaminyl residue).


cholesteryl 6-O-oleoyl-beta-D-glucoside

A cholesteryl 6-O-acyl-beta-D-glucoside having oleoyl as the 6-O-acyl group.


cholesteryl 6-O-acyl-beta-D-glucoside

A cholesteryl glycoside having a 6-O-acyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 3 of cholesterol via a glycosidic linkage.


A branched amino pentasaccharide consisting of beta-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-D-galactose in which the galactosyl residue at the non-reducing end has alpha-sialyl and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl residues attached via glycosidic linkages at positions 3 and 4 respectively. Corresponds to the Sda + pentasaccharide from Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein.


A glycopentaosylceramide having N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl as the glycopentaosyl component.


A glycohexaosylceramide having alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycohexaosyl component.


A glycohexaosylceramide having alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycohexaosyl component.


thia-alkylglucosinolate

A glucosinolate in which the side-chain consists of a thia-alkyl group.


hydroxy-alkylglucosinolate

A glucosinolate in which the side-chain consists of a hydroxylated alkyl group.


A glycoheptaosylceramide having N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl as the glycoheptaosyl component.


A glycotetraosylceramide having N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl as the glycotetraosyl component.


A glycohexaosylceramide having alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycohexaosyl component.


A glycoheptaosylceramide having alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->4)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycoheptaosyl component.


A branched mannopentaose consisting of alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-D-mannosewhere the mannosyl residue at the non-reducing end has two further alpha-D-mannosyl residues attached at positions 3 and 6 respectively.


An amino disaccharide consisting of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at the 6-position.


ethyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide

An N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide having ethyl as the anomeric substituent.


A tetrasaccharide derivative consisting of D-glucitol having an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-galactosyl group attached at the 4-position.


A pentasaccharide derivative consisting of D-glucitol having a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-galactosyl attached at the 4-position.


A glycosyl alditol consisting of galactitol having a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group attached at the 6-position.


hydroxy-alkenylglucosinolate

A glucosinolate in which the side-chain consists of a hydroxylated alkenyl group.


A ten-membered branched glucosamine oligosaccharide made up from five glucose, two Kdo, one N-acetylglucosamine and two glucosamine residues bearing two phospho substituents. Corresponds to a truncated inner core part of Moraxella catarrhalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS).


SQ 26,992

A 1,3-thiazole that is obtained via biohydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring of aztreonam.


A sialononaosylceramide having alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the sialononaosyl component.


A sialodecaosylceramide where the oligosaccharide component is made up from five galactose, three glucosamine, one glucose, one fucose and one sialose residue.


A sialooctaosylceramide having alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the sialooctaosyl component.


A sialooctaosylceramide consisting of a branched nonasaccharide made up from two sialyl residues, four galactose residues, three N-acetylglucosamine residues and one glucose residue, which at the reducing end is attached to the ceramide portion via a beta-linkage.


A glycononaosylceramide consisting of a branched nonasaccharide made up from four galactose residues, three N-acetylglucosamine residues, one fucosyl residue and one glucose residue, which at the reducing end is attached to the ceramide portion via a beta-linkage.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid comprising 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone having a beta-Dglucosiduronic acid residue attached to the 11-hydroxy group via a glycosidic linkage.


A branched heptasaccharide derivative consisting of the tetrasaccharide derivative beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose where the galactosyl residue at the non-reducing end has alpha-L-fucosyl and N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl residues attached at the 2- and 3-positions respectively and the glucosaminyl residue has an alpha-L-fucosyl residue attached at the 4-position.


A branched derivative heptasaccharide consisting of the tetrasaccharide derivative beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose where the galactosyl residue at the non-reducing end has alpha-L-fucosyl and N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl residues attached at the 2- and 3-positions respectively and the glucosaminyl residue has an alpha-L-fucosyl residue attached at the 3-position.


A branched amino pentasaccharide consisting of the linear sequence beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc having a Neu5Ac residue attached to the inner galactose via an alpha-(2->3) linkage.


A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of the linear sequence beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc having a Neu5Ac residue attached to the galactose via an alpha-(2->3) linkage.


A branched amino tetrasaccharide comprising N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine at the reducing end with an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 3-position.


A branched amino tetrasaccharide comprising N-acetyl-D-galactosamine at the reducing end with an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 3-position.


A branched amino tetrasaccharide comprising N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine at the reducing end with a alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 4-position.


L-lyxonic acid

A lyxonic acid that has L-configuration.


4-nitrophenyl beta-sophoroside

The sophoroside derivative of 4-nitrophenol.


A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of a sialyl residue, linked (2->3) to a galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->3) to a glucosaminyl residue at the reducing end, which is also carrying a fucosyl residue at the 4-position.


A class of ceramide derivatives containing a inositol-P-mannose-inositol-P head group. R1 varies with different sphingoid bases, and R2 varies with different fatty acyl moieties.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a hexacosanoyl group attached to the ceramide nitrogen, hydroxylation at C-4 of the C18 sphingoid base, and hydroxylation at C-2 and C-3 of the C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphoceramide compound having an inositol 1-phosphoryl group attached to the mannose residue (at the 6-position) and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the ceramide nitrogen, hydroxylation at C-4 of the C18 sphingoid base, and hydroxylation at C-2 and C-3 of the C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.


norfentanyl

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(N'-phenyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. A major metabolite of fentanyl.


A branched amino hexasaccharide consisting of the linear sequence alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc having a Neu5Ac residue attached to the inner galactose via an alpha-(2->3) linkage.


A fucosyl group in which D-GlcNAc is linked beta(1->3) to  an L-fucose group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


fucosyl group

A glycosyl group obtained by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of an fucose (6-deoxygalactose) and, by extension, of a lower oligosaccharide having fucose at the reducing end.


A fucosyl group in which a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc unit is linked beta(1->3) to an L-fucose group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


A linear amino tetrasaccharide comprising 2-O-demethyl-beta-anthrose at the non-reducing end and two alpha-L-rhamnose units joined by sequential (1->3)- and (1->2)-linkages.


A fucosyl group in which a sialic acid residue (Neu5Ac) is linked alpha(2->3) to a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc unit which is itself linked beta(1->3) to an L-fucose group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


An eleven-membered branched mannooligosaccharide consisting of nine D-mannosyl residues and two N-acetylglucosamine residues (one at the reducing end).


A branched amino octasaccharide consisting of a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose moiety with the galactosyl residue having an alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group attached at the 3-position and an alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group at the 6-position.


A branched amino octasaccharide made up from three galactose residues, two N-acetylglucosamine residues, one glucose residue and two fucose residues.


An inositol phosphoceramide compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 sphinganine.


An inositol phosphoceramide compound having a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 sphinganine.


An inositol phosphoceramide compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 sphinganine, no hydroxylation at C-4 of the long-chain base, and hydroxylation at C-2 of the very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphoceramide compound having a 2-hydroxyhexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 sphinganine, no hydroxylation at C-4 of the long-chain base, and hydroxylation at C-2 of the very-long-chain fatty acid.


A ceramide phosphoinositol compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with no additional hydroxylation of the very-long-chain fatty acid.


A ceramide phosphoinositol compound having a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with no additional hydroxylation of the very-long-chain fatty acid.


A ceramide phosphoinositol compound having a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 of the very-long-chain fatty acid.


A ceramide phosphoinositol compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 of the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


A ceramide phosphoinositol compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 and C-3 of the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphoceramide compound having a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 and C-3 of the C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 sphinganine base, with no hydroxylation at C-4 of the long-chain base or on the very-long-chain fatty acid.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C18 sphinganine base, with no hydroxylation at C-4 of the long-chain base or on the C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 sphinganine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 of the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C18 sphinganine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 of the C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with no hydroxylation of the C24 very long chain fatty acid.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a hexaacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C18 phytosphingosine base, with no hydroxylation of the C26 very long chain fatty acid.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 of the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C18 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 of the C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 and C-3 of the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphoceramide compound having an inositol 1-phosphoryl group linked to the mannose residue and a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 sphinganine base, with no hydroxylation at C-4 of the long-chain base or on the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphoceramide compound having an inositol 1-phosphoryl group linked at the 6-position to the mannose residue and a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C18 sphinganine base, with no hydroxylation at C-4 of the long-chain base or on the C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphoceramide compound having an inositol 1-phosphoryl group linked to the mannose residue (at the 6-position) and a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 sphinganine base, with no hydroxylation at C-4 of the long-chain base and hydroxylation at C2 of the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphoceramide compound having an inositol 1-phosphoryl group linked to the mannose residue (at the 6-position) and a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C18 sphinganine base, with no hydroxylation at C-4 of the long-chain base and hydroxylation at C2 of the C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphoceramide compound having an inositol 1-phosphoryl group linked to the mannose residue (at the 6-position) and a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with no hydroxylation of the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphoceramide compound having an inositol 1-phosphoryl group linked to the mannose residue (at the 6-position) and a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C18 phytosphingosine base, with no hydroxylation of the C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphoceramide  compound having an inositol 1-phosphoryl group linked to the mannose residue (at the 6-position) and a hexacosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 of the C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphoceramide compound having an inositol 1-phosphoryl group linked to the mannose residue (at the 6-position) and a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 of the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphoceramide compound having an inositol 1-phosphoryl group linked to the mannose residue (at the 6-position) and a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 and C-3 of the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


A beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide where the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxydocosanoyl.


An indolylmethylglucosinolate that is the conjugate base of 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin.


An indolylmethylglucosinolate that is the conjugate base of 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, obtained by deprotonation of the sulfo group.


A carbon oxoanion that results from the removal of a proton from nitrosoperoxycarbonic acid. It is formed in vivo by nucleophilic reaction of peroxynitrite with carbon dioxide, and is an important reactive species in inflammation processes.


molybdopterin adenine dinucleotide(3-)

An organophosphate oxoanion that is molybdopterin adenine dinucleotide protonated to pH 7.3.


molybdopterin adenine dinucleotide

A molybdopterin dinucleotide resulting from the formal condensation of the phosphate groups of molybdopterin and adenosine 5'-monophosphate to give a diphosphate linkage.


Any member of the class of catechols that is catechol in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by an all-trans-polyprenyl group.


Any member of the class of phenols that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are substituted by a methoxy and an all-trans-polyprenyl group, respectively.


aromatic ester

An ester where the ester linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.


aromatic amide

An amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.


A hydroxyisoflavanone that is isoflavanone bearing  hydroxy groups at the 2 and 7  positions, and a methoxy group at the 4' position.


A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogens at the 3beta and 20 positions are substituted by hydroxy groups.


An apo carotenoid triterpenoid that is tetracosane containing double bonds at the 2-3, 6-7, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 18-19, and 22-23 positions, and substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, and 23.


A 4,4'-diapophytoene in which the double bonds at positions 6, 10, 12, 14, and 18 have E- (trans-) geometry.


A 4,4'-diapophytoene in which the double bond at position 15 has Z- (cis-) geometry, while those at positions 9, 13, 9' and 13' have E- (trans-) geometry.


An apo carotenoid triterpenoid that is tetracosane containing double bonds at the 2-3, 6-7, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 18-19, and 22-23 positions, and substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, and 23.


A 4,4'-diapophytofluene in which the double bonds at positions 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 18 have E- (trans-) geometry.


An apo carotenoid triterpenoid that is tetracosane containing double bonds at the 2-3, 6-7, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 16-17, 18-19, and 22-23 positions, and substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, and 23.


A 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene in which the double bonds at positions 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 have E- (trans-) geometry.


An apo carotenoid triterpenoid that is tetracosane which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, and 23, and contains double bonds at the 2-3 and 22-23 positions, and E-double bonds at the 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 16-17, and 18-19 positions. It is a yellow carotenoid pigment of Staphylococcus aureus.


neoflavans

Any neoflavonoid with a 3,4-dihydro-4-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran  skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


ammoniodiacetate

An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of iminodiacetate. The major species at pH 7.3.


A 2-acylglycerophosphoinositol in which sn-glycerol, acylated at O(2), is linked through a phospho group at O(3) to O(1) of D-myo-inositol.


A glycerophosphoglycerol in which sn-glycerol, acylated at O(1), is linked through a phospho group at O(3) to O(1) of glycerol.


A pyrimidone that is uracil in which positions 1, 5, and 6 are substituted by ethoxymethyl, isopropyl, and cyclohexylsulfanyl groups, respectively.


A glycerophosphoinositol acylated at O(2) of the glycerol moiety.


nitrosoperoxycarbonic acid

A carbon oxoacid that is carbonic acid in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a nitrosoxy group. At physiological pH, nitrosoperoxycarbonic acid is highly unstable, rapidly decomposing to give CO2, NO2, and hydroxyl radicals.


(-)-alpha-longipinene

The (1S,2R,7S,8S)-enantiomer of alpha-longipinene.


(+)-alpha-longipinene

The (1R,2S,7R,8R)-enantiomer of alpha-longipinene.


alpha-longipinene

A bridged compound and sesquiterpene that is tricyclo[5.4.0.0(2,8)]undecane that is substituted by methyl groups at the 2, 6, 6, and 9 positions and has a double bond between positions 9 and 10.


alpha-bergamotene

A sesquiterpene consisting of a bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene skeleton substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups and at position 6 by a 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl group.


(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene

An alpha-bergamotene that has (1S,5S,6R)-configuration.


alpha-curcumene

A sesquiterpene that is 2-methyl-2-heptene in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is substituted by a p-tolyl group.


(+)-alpha-curcumene

An alpha-curcumene that has S configuration at the chiral centre.


beta-curcumene

A sesquiterpene that is alpha-curcumene in which the p-tolyl group has been reduced to a 4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl group.


(-)-beta-curcumene

A beta-curcumene that has R configuration at the chiral centre.


tyrosine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, any substitution of phenyl hydrogens, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of tyrosine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing tyrosine residues.


A tricyclic hydrocarbon and sesquiterpene that is octahydro-1H-3a,6-methanoazulene which is substituted by a methylidene group at position 7 and by methyl groups at positions 3, 8, and 8.


A tetrasaccharide consisting of beta-D-Delta(4)-glucopyranuronic acid, beta-D-glucopyranosyl, alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl and beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues, joined in sequence by (1->4), (1->4) and (1->3)-glycosidic bonds, respectively.


reactive nitrogen species

A family of nitrogen molecular entities which are highly reactive and derived from nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O2.(-)) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively.


beta-D-glucosyl crocetin

A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxylic acid groups of crocetin with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-glucopyranose.


beta-D-glucosyl crocetin(1-)

A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of beta-D-glucosyl crocetin. The major species at pH 7.3.


A dicarboxylic acid dianion resulting from the removal of a proton from both of the carboxy groups of crocetin. The major species at pH 7.3.


bis(beta-D-glucosyl) crocetin

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of each of the carboxylic acid groups of crocetin with an anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-glucopyranose.


CROCIN 3

A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxylic acid groups of crocetin with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-gentiobiose.


beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin(1-)

A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin. The major species at pH 7.3.


A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-glucopyranose.


An organic radical cation derived from 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin.


A xylooligosaccharide with between 2 and (about) 20 D-xylose residues connected by beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkages.


A galactan consisting of more than twenty galactose residues joined by beta-(1->4)-glycosidic linkages


maltotriulose

A trisaccharide consisting of two glucose residues and one fructose (at the reducing end, connected by sequential alpha-(1->4)-linkages.


A glucotriose consisting of three glucose units connected via alpha-(1->3) linkages. Also known as nigerotriose.


A trisaccharide consisting of three L-arabinose units connected via alpha-(1->5) linkages.


A xylotriose consisting of three D-xylose units connected via beta-(1->4)-linkages.


coenzyme F390-A

8-OH adenylated form of the deazaflavin coenzyme F420.


A mannotriose consisting of three mannose units connected via beta-(1->4) linkages.


coenzyme F390-G

8-OH guanylated form of the deazaflavin coenzyme F420.


Any benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione that is 5,10-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8 and is also substituted at position 10.


3-nonaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted by a nonaprenyl group.


A 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate in which the polyprenyl chain contains 9 prenyl units; major species at pH 7.3.


A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 are substituted by a methoxy and a nonaprenyl group.


A 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-all-trans-polyprenylbenzoate in which the polyprenyl chain contains 9 prenyl units; major species at pH 7.3.


A 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate in which the polyprenyl chain contains 10 prenyl units; major species at pH 7.3.


A trisaccharide consisting of three beta-D-mannose units connected via (1->4) linkages.


A 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-all-trans-polyprenylbenzoate in which the polyprenyl chain contains 10 prenyl units; major species at pH 7.3.


A trisaccharide consisting of three beta-D-xylose units connected via (1->4)-linkages.


A trisaccharide consisting of three alpha-D-glucose units connected via (1->3) linkages. Also known as alpha-nigerotriose.


A trisaccharide consisting of three alpha-L-arabinose units connected via (1->5) linkages.


ethyl

An organic radical derived from ethane.


name: cis-heme d hydroxychlorin gamma-spirolactone(1-)

description: A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of cis-heme d hydroxychlorin gamma-spirolactone.


isooctane

An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.


name: trans-heme d hydroxychlorin gamma-spirolactone

description: A metallochlorin that is ferroheme b which is hydroxylated at positions 5 and 6, and in which the resulting 6-hydroxy group undergoes formal condensation with the carboxy group of the 6-carboxyethyl group to afford the corresponding spirolactone in which the oxygen atoms at positions 5 and 6 are trans to each other.


name: trans-heme d hydroxychlorin gamma-spirolactone(1-)

description: A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of trans-heme d hydroxychlorin gamma-spirolactone.


A two-membered oligosaccharide sulfate that consists of 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronic acid having a 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue attached at the 4-position.


3-oxopalmitoyl group

The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of palmitic acid.


A three-membered linear oligosaccharide sulfate that consists of a 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronic acid residue flanked by two 6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranose residues, connected via alpha-(1->4)-linkages.


A two-membered oligosaccharide sulfate that consists of 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucose having an alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl residue attached at the 4-position.


A glycosaminoglycan composed of a backbone of repeating beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine units joined by (1->4)-linkages. The capsular polysaccharide produced by the E. coli K5 strain.


A sulfated glycosaminoglycan composed of a backbone of repeating beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine units, variably O-sulfated at the 6-position of the glucosamine residues and joined by (1->4)-linkages. The structure provided is representative and shows the most common repeating unit


A sulfated glycosaminoglycan composed of a backbone of repeating beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-sulfonyl-alpha-D-glucosamine units, variably O-sulfated at the 6-position of the glucosamine residues and joined by (1->4)-linkages. The structure provided is representative and shows the most common repeating unit


4-nitrobenzyl bromide

A C-nitro compound that consists of nitrobenzene bearing a bromomethyl substituent at the para-position.


An organobromine compound that consists of pentanedinitrile bearing bromo and bromomethyl substituents at position 2.


A triol obtained by sequential periodate-oxidation and borohydride-reduction of guanosine.


MONOBROMOBIMANE

A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing three methyl substituents at positions 2, 5 and 6 as well as a bromomethyl substituent at the 3-position.


pyrazolopyrazole

Any organic heterobicyclic compound class containing two ortho-fused pyrazole rings.


DIBROMOBIMANE

A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two bromomethyl substituents at positions 3 and 5.


methylbimane

A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing four methyl substituents at positions 2, 3, 5 and 6.


The nucleotide-sugar oxoanion that is the dianion formed from dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose by loss of two protons from its diphospho group.  Intermediate in dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis.


A sialohexaosylceramide consisting of a linear heptasaccharide made up from one glycolylneuraminyl residue, three galactose residues, two N-acetylglucosamine residues and one glucose residue, which at the reducing end is attached to the ceramide portion via a beta-linkage.


1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having myristoyl (tetradecanoyl) as the 1-O-acyl group.


1-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having linoleyl (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl) as the 1-O-acyl group.


A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having 18-mercaptooctadecanoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.


A nucleoside residue in which an adenosine residue has been modified by substitution at C-2 by a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group and at the 6-amino nitrogen by a cis-4-hydroxy-Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.


LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID

A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.


A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.


1-acyl-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate

A monoacylglycerol phosphate that consists of sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate bearing an acyl group at position 1.


1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having lauroyl (dodecanoyl) as the 1-O-acyl group.


AP4 hapten

A heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising a cyclopentapeptide made up from L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, L-phenylalanyl, L-isoleucyl and L-methoionyl residues and cyclised by formation of an ester bond between the carboxy group of the methionyl residue and the side-chain hydroxy group of the seryl residue. In addition, the exocyclic amino group is acylated by an L-cysteinylamino)ethoxy]ethoxy}acetyl)-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-threonyl group.


beryllium oxide

A beryllium molecular entity consisting of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and oxide in the ratio 1:1. In the solid state, BeO adopts the hexagonal wurtzite structure form while in the vapour phase, it is present as discrete diatomic covalent molecules.


A 3-hydroxy steroid resulting from deoxygenation at position 17 of estradiol or estrone.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.


4-hydroxy steroid

Any steroid bearing a 4-hydroxy substituent.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 11beta-hydroxy substituent.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is obtained by formal dehydration at the 17-position of estradiol.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is obtained by formal dehydrogenation across positions 6 and 7 of 17beta-estradiol.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is obtained by formal dehydrogenation across positions 7 and 8 of 17beta-estradiol.


A steroid acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an N-(carboxymethylamino)carbonylmethoxy at the 6beta-position


A polysaccharide composed of a backbone of repeating alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-rhamnosyl units, joined by (1->3)-linkages.


beta-elemene

A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.


(-)-beta-elemene

The (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration.


L-homolanthionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid in which the gamma-carbon atoms of two molecules of L-aminobutyric acid are joined via a thioether linkage. It is a byproduct of cystathionine-gamma-lyase and a possible human hyperhomocysteinemia marker.


A glycosylgalactose consisting of D-galactose having an alpha-L-fucosyl residue attached at the 2-position.


An oligosaccharide phosphate that is beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Glc-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glc-1-diphospho-ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol in which the terminal mannosyl group has been converted to its 4,6-O-1-carboxyethylidene derivative.


alpha-D-GalpN-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)]-D-Galp in which the configuration of the anomeric carbon of the galactose residue at the reducing end is beta.


An organophosphate oxoanion that is the tetra-anion of 4,6-Me(COOH)C-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Glc-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glc-1-diphospho-ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol arising from deprotonation of both free diphosphate OH groups and both of the carboxy groups; major species at pH 7.3.


tetrastearoyl cardiolipin

A cardiolipin derivative in which all four of the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl).


tetramyristoyl cardiolipin

A cardiolipin derivative in which all four of the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as myristoyl (tetradecanoyl).


1,1'-dilinoleyl 2,2'-dilysocardiolipin

A 2,2'-dilyso cardiolipin in which both of the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as linoleoyl.


xylooligosaccharide

An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.


A myo-inositol cyclic phosphate that consists of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate having an octasaccharide moiety made up from four alpha-galactosyl residues, three alpha-mannosyl residues and one alpha-glucosaminyl residue, which at the reducing end is attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage.


A nucleoside residue in which an adenosine residue has been modified by substitution at C-2 by a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group and at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.


soyasaponin III

A triterpenoid saponin that is composed of soyasapogenol B having a beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid moiety attached at the 3-position via a glycosidic linkage.


A glycotriaosylceramide having N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose as the glycotriaosyl component.


A glycotetraosylceramide having beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose as the tetrasaccharide component.


globosterol

A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-androstane which contains a double bond between positions 7 and 8, in which the hydrogens at the 3beta, 5alpha and 6beta positions are substituted by hydroxy groups, and in which the hydrogen at the 17beta position is substituted by a (2S,3E,6xi)-6,7-dimethyloct-3-en-2-yl group. The polyhydroxylated C29 sterol was isolated from an endophytic fungus, Chaetomium globosum ZY-22; the stereochemistry at position 25 was not determined.


A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at C-2 by a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group and at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.


A thiopyranopyrimidine that is 1,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiino[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one which is substituted at position 2 by a p-(aminomethyl)phenyl group.


2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)

An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-monophosphate; major microspecies at pH 7.3.


A thiopyranopyrimidine in which a 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton is substituted at C-4 by a hydroxy group and at C-2 by a para-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group.


A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at C-2 by a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group and at the 6-amino nitrogen by a cis-4-hydroxy-Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.


veliparib

A benzimidazole substituted with a carbamoyl group at C-4 and a (2R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl moiety at C-2.  It is a potent, orally bioavailable PARP inhibitor.


RIBOPRINE

A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.


A dicarboximide having an endo bridged phthalimide structure, substituted at nitrogen by a 4-(quinolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)benzoyl group.


A dicarboximide having an exo bridged phthalimide structure, substituted at nitrogen by a 4-(quinolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)benzoyl group. It is a weak axin stabilizer, an analogue of  IWR-1-endo.


A nucleoside residue in which an adenosine residue has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.


adenosine residue

The nucleoside residue formed from adenosine with linkages at the 3' and 5' positions.


thiopyranopyrimidine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused thiopyran and pyrimidine rings.


ALLYL PYROPHOSPHATE

An organic diphosphate formed by condensation of diphosphoric acid with allyl alcohol.


organic diphosphate

An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of diphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols.


The organophosphate oxoanion that is 2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate protonated to pH 7.3


crotyl alcohol

A primary alcohol in which the hydroxy function is bonded to a CH3CH=CHCH2- (crotyl) group.


crotyl diphosphate

An organic diphosphate formed by condensation of diphosphoric acid with crotyl alcohol.


allyl-UTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of uridine 5'-triphosphate and allyl alcohol.


organic triphosphate

An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of triphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols.


crotyl-UTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of uridine 5'-triphosphate and crotyl alcohol.


dimethylallyl-UTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of uridine 5'-triphosphate and prenol (gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl alcohol).


isopentenyl-UTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of uridine 5'-triphosphate and isopentenyl alcohol.


isopentenyl alcohol

A primary alcohol having the structure of isopentyl alcohol but with a double bond between C-3 and one of the C-4 atoms.


The organophosphate oxoanion that is the 2R,5Z isomer of 2-carboxylato-4-methyl-5-[(2-phosphonatooxy)ethylidene]-2,5-dihydrothiazole(3-); protonated to pH 7.3.


ethyl-dTTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of thymidine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol.


ethyl-ddTTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of 3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol.


ethyl-dUTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol.


ethyl-dTDP

An organic diphosphate formed by condensation between the beta-phospho group of thymidine diphosphate and ethanol.


ethyl-UTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of uridine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol.


ethyl-XTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of xanthosine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol.


ethyl-ITP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of inosine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol.


ethyl-GTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of guanosine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol.


ethyl-CTP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of cytidine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol.


ethyl-ATP

An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol.


soyasaponin III(1-)

The monocarboxylic acid anion formed by removal of a proton from the carboxy group of soyasaponin III. It is the major microspecies present at pH 7.3.


1,3-Thiazole substituted at C-2, -4 and -5 with carboxy, methyl and 2-(phosphonooxy)ethyl groups respectively.


name: EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor

description: An EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.30).


soyasaponin I(1-)

The monocarboxylic acid anion formed from soyasaponin I. It is the major microspecies present at pH 7.3.


A glycosylmannose derivative in which 2-O-acetyl-alpha-D-abequopyranose is linked alpha(1->3) to alpha-D-mannopyranose.


1D-myo-inositol 3,4,6-trisphosphate

A myo-inositol trisphosphate having the three phosphate groups at the 3-, 4-, and 6-positions.


A myo-inositol pentakisphosphate that consists of myo-inositol having the five phospho groups located at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 as well as a diphospho group at position 1.


icosatetraenoate

A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of icosatetraenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major species at pH 7.3.


(S,S,S)-nicotianamine monoanion

The tricarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of (S,S,S)-nicotianamine, resulting from deprotonation of the central carboxy group and zwitterion formation of the other two. One of two major microspecies at physiological pH.


A myo-inositol pentakisphosphate that consists of myo-inositol having the five phospho groups located at positions 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 as well as a diphospho group at position 3.


A 1D-myo-inositol bis(diphosphate) tetrakisphosphate having the two diphospho groups located at positions 1 and 5.


A 1D-myo-inositol bis(diphosphate) tetrakisphosphate having the two diphospho groups located at positions 3 and 5.


A 1D-myo-inositol bis(diphosphate) tetrakisphosphate having the two diphospho groups located at positions 1 and 3.


A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate that consists of myo-inositol having the four phospho groups located at positions 3, 4, 5 and 6 as well as a diphospho group at position 1.


A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate that consists of myo-inositol having the four phospho groups located at positions 1, 4, 5 and 6 as well as a diphospho group at position 3.


A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate that consists of myo-inositol having the four phospho groups located at positions 2, 3, 4 and 6 as well as a diphospho group at position 5.


A myo-inositol bis(diphosphate) trisphosphate having the three phospho groups located at positions 4, 5 and 6 and the two diphospho groups at positions 1 and 3.


A 1D-myo-inositol bis(diphosphate) trisphosphate having the three phospho groups located at positions 1, 4 and 6 and the two diphospho groups at positions 3 and 5.


A 1D-myo-inositol bis(diphosphate) trisphosphate having the three phospho groups located at positions 3, 4 and 6 and the two diphospho groups at positions 1 and 5.


mycophenolate

A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.


oxylipin anion

A carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of an oxylipin (any member of the group of bioactive lipids made by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids).


An L-alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base formed when discadenine (a 6-isopentenylaminopurine having a 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl group attached at the 3-position) is deprotonated.


The 7-oxime of dehydroepiandrosterone, substituted on the oxime oxygen by a carboxymethyl group.


homomethioninate

The alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of homomethionine obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


icosanoid anion

The carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of an icosanoid, formed when the carboxy group is deprotonated.


hepoxilin anion

Any straight-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of a mono-hydroxy epoxy icosatrienoic acid formed when the carboxy group of the carboxylic acid is deprotonated.


A glycotriaosylceramide having beta-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose as the glycotriaosyl component.


A carboxylic ester-lactam that is a synthetic DDM (didehydroxymycobactin)-like lipopeptide.


glycosylceramide

A ceramide compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxy group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.


leukotriene anion

A eicosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of a leukotriene.


prostanoid anion

An icosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of a prostanoid.


sialic acid anion

A carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of a sialic acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


thromboxane anion

A prostanoid anion that is the conjugate base of a thromboxane.


A trisaccharide consisting of L-fucose linked alpha(1->2') to a beta-lactose unit.


A alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-D-Galp that has beta-configuration at the anomeric hydroxy group.


beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->6)]-D-Galp in which the configuration of the D-galactosyl residue at the reducing end is beta.


A glycoside that consists of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in which the hydrogen at the reducing end is substituted by a carboxypentyl group.


aminocyclopyrachlor

An organochlorine herbicide, the structure of which is that of pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 2, 5 and 6 by cyclopropyl, chloro and amino groups respectively.


The monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of aminocyclopyrachlor formed by loss of a proton from thecarboxy group.


Any myo-inositol trisphosphate bearing two additional diphospho substituents.


A polyprenyl glycosyl diphosphate having N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine as the glycosyl fragment.


The dianion resulting from the removal of two protons from the diphosphate group of N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-1-diphospho-ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol.


CLOPYRALID

An organochlorine pesticide having a 3,6-dichlorinated picolinic acid structure.


aminopyralid

An organochlorine pesticide having a 3,6-dichlorinated 4-aminopicolinic acid structure.


amorphous cellulose

A (1->4)-beta-D-glucan (cellulose) in amorphous form with a structure consisting of several hundred to over ten thousand D-glucose residues joined by beta(1->4) glycosidic linkages.


polygalacturonic acid

An oligosaccharide of more than twenty D-galacturonic acid residues joined by alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkages. In the diagram, n > 18.


arabinotetraose

A tetrasaccharide comprised of four D-arabinose residues connected by alpha(1->5) linkages.


galactohexaose

A hexasaccharide comprised of galactose residues.


xylotetraose

A tetrasaccharide comprised of four D-xylose residues connected by beta(1->4) linkages.


A tetrasaccharide comprised of four D-mannose residues connected by beta(1->4) linkages.


cellotetraose

A glucotetrose comprised of four D-glucose residues connected by beta(1->4) linkages.


galactopentaose

A pentasaccharide comprised of galactose residues.


cellopentaose

A pentasaccharide comprised of five D-glucose residues connected by beta(1->4) linkages.


The alpha-amino-acid anion formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of 4-hydroxyproline.


The alpha-amino-acid anion formed by proton loss from the carboxy group of 5-hydroxylysine.


homoserinate

An alpha-amino-acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of homoserine.


The L-alpha-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-hydroxy-L-proline, formed by proton loss from the carboxy group. It is the major microspecies present at pH > 10.6.


A myo-inositol pentakisphosphate that consists of myo-inositol having the five phospho groups located at positions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 as well as a triphospho group at position 5.


A polysaccharide phosphate composed of a backbone of beta-D-ManNAc-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-L-Rha-1-P repeating units connected by phosphodiester linkages between position 1 of the Rha residues and position 4 of the ManNAc residues.


A polysaccharide phosphate composed of a backbone of beta-D-ManNAc-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glc-(1->2)-alpha-L-Rha-1-P repeating units connected by phosphodiester linkages between position 1 of the Rha residues and position 4 of the ManNAc residues.


A branched amino pentasaccharide consisting of the linear trisaccharide N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine having alpha-L-fucosyl residues attached at position 2 of the galactose and position 4 of the glucosamine. Corresponds to a partial structure of blood group A type 1 oligosaccharide.


A steroidal acyl-CoA(4-) resulting from the removal of all four protons from the phosphate groups of chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA. Major species at pH 7.3.


A branched amino pentasaccharide consisting of the linear trisaccharide N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine having alpha-L-fucosyl residues attached at position 2 of the galactose and position 3 of the glucosamine. Corresponds to a partial structure of blood group A type 2 oligosaccharide.


name: S. flexneri serotype X O-specific polysaccharide

description: A polysaccharide derivative antigen composed of a backbone of repeating alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)-alpha-L-Rha-(1->3)-alpha-L-Rha-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc units that are connected via beta-(1->2)-linkages between the GlcNAc and the Rha residue adjacent to Glc.


name: S. flexneri serotype 5b O-specific polysaccharide

description: A polysaccharide derivative antigen composed of a backbone of repeating alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)-[alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)]-alpha-L-Rha-(1->3)-alpha-L-Rha-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc units that are connected via beta-(1->2)-linkages between the GlcNAc and the Rha residue adjacent to the first Glc.


name: S. flexneri serotype 3a O-specific polysaccharide

description: A polysaccharide derivative antigen composed of a backbone of repeating alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)-alpha-L-Rha-(1->3)-2-O-Ac-alpha-L-Rha-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc units that are connected via beta-(1->2)-linkages between the GlcNAc and the Rha residue adjacent to Glc.


A tetrasaccharide comprising residues of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine units in a linear sequence, all joined by beta-linkages.


HEXYLENE GLYCOL

A glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).


A lipid A derivative that consists of a branched decasaccharide made up from two galactose, give glucose, one N-acetylglucosamine and two Kdo (one at the reducing end) units connected to lipid A via an alpha-(2->6)-linkage.


A lipid A derivative that consists of a branched dodecasaccharide made up from four galactose, six glucose and two Kdo (one at the reducing end) units connected to lipid A via an alpha-(2->6)-linkage.


A lipid A derivative that consists of a branched dodecasaccharide made up from four galactose, five glucose, one N-acetylglucosamine and two Kdo (one at the reducing end) units connected to lipid A via an alpha-(2->6)-linkage.


A galactotetraose in which the four D-galactose units are connected by three beta-(1->6)-linkages.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an icosa-11,14-dienoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


An acyl-CoA(4-) that is the tetraanion of 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA, arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions.


A glycodohydroceramide having a 3-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycodohydroceramide having a 4-deoxy-alpha-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an 4-deoxy-alpha-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycodihydroceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an tetracosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A linear amino tetrasaccharide consisting of D-glucose at the reducing end having an N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 4-position.


A glycoside that consists of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose having a 2-(2-methoxycarbonylethylthio)ethyl (CETE) moiety attached to the reducing end anomeric centre.


A glycoside that consists of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactose having a 2-(2-methoxycarbonylethylthio)ethyl (CETE) moiety attached to the reducing end anomeric centre.


nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol

Poly(ether) macoromolecule comprising a branched nonyl group bonded to one of the ring positions in 2-[phenoxypoly(ethoxy)]ethanol. A commericially available detergent, it is used to help crystallise proteins and extract the cytoplasmic contents of cellular culture.


An S-glycosyl compound that consists of 4-aminothiophenol having a beta-lactosyl moiety attached to the sulfur via a thioglycosidic bond.


A methyl glycoside that consists of methyl alpha-D-galactoside having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the 4-position.


A glycoside that consists of ethyl beta-D-galactoside having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the 4-position.


A glycoside that consists of ethyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl group attached at the 4-position.


A glycoside that consists of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose having a 2-(2-aminocarbonylethylthio)ethyl moiety attached to the reducing end anomeric centre.


A glycoside that consists of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine having a 2-(2-aminocarbonylethylthio)ethyl moiety attached to the reducing end anomeric centre.


A glycoside that consists of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactose having a 2-(2-aminocarbonylethylthio)ethyl moiety attached to the reducing end anomeric centre.


p-aminophenyl alpha-D-mannoside

An alpha-D-mannoside having 4-aminophenyl as the anomeric substituent.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphosulfocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).


A phosphatidylsulfocholine in which the hydroxyl group of sulfocholine is esterified to the phosphate group of phosphatidic acid.


phosphatidylsulfocholine

A glycerophospholipid consisting of glycerosulfocholine having O-acyl substituents at both the 1- and 2-positions of the glycerol.


sulfocholine

A sulfonium compound that is mercaptoethanol bearing two S-methyl substituents.


manganese(II) chloride

An inorganic chloride in which manganese(II) is coordinated to two chloride ions. In its anhydrous state manganese(II) chloride is a polymeric solid, which adopts a layered cadmium chloride-like structure.


jeffamine monoamine

Any one of a class of diblock copolymers with a structure consisting of a primary amino group attached to the end of a polyether backbone based on blocks of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. Molecular weights are typically of the order of 600-2000. The compounds are used in protein crystallisation.


1,3-thiazolium cation

An organic cation resulting from protonation or quaternisation at the 3-position of any 1,3-thiazole.


pentaerythritol ethoxylate (3/4 EO/OH)

A hydroxypolyether in which a hydroxy-poly(ethylene oxide) chain is connected to each of the methyl groups of neopentane. It is commonly used to crystallise proteins.


Jeffamine ED-2001

A diamine in which two primary amino groups are at either end of what is essentially a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)backbone, consisting of blocks of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. In the diagram, m ~ 39,; (l + n) ~ 6. The compound is one of a series of related compounds commonly used to crystallise proteins.


purmorphamine

A member of the class of purines that is purine substituted at C-2 by a 1-naphthyloxy group, at C-4 by a 4-morpholinophenylamino group, and at N-9 by a cyclohexyl group.


zinc cation

Any zinc ion that is positively charged.


EHNA

A purine derivative having an adenine skeleton substituted at N-9 with a erythro-2-hydroxynonan-3-yl group; relative configuration.


EHNA of absolute configuration 2R,3S. Selective inhibitor of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (IC50 = 0.8 - 4 mM). Also a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.


(+)-EHNA

EHNA of absolute configuration 2S,3R.


UDP-rhamnose

A UDP-sugar in which the sugar component is rhamnose.


aluminium cation

An aluminium atom having a positive net electric charge.


cadmium cation

A transition element cation where the metal is specifed as cadmium.


A carotenol having the structure of 1,1',2,2'-tetrahydro-psi,psi-carotene with hydroxy functions at the 1 and 1' positions.


jeffamine diamine

Any one of a class of di- or tri-block copolymers with a structure consisting of a primary amino group attached to each end of a polyether backbone based on blocks of butylene oxide, propylene oxide or both propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. Molecular weights are typically of the order of 200-4000. The compounds are used in protein crystallisation.


zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside)

A beta-D-glucoside that is zeaxanthin in which both hydroxy groups have been converted to the corresponding glucosides. It is one of the most polar carotenoids found in nature (solubility in water is 800 ppm, compared with only 12.6 ppm for zeaxanthin itself).


octacarboxylic acid anion

A carboxylic acid anion formed by deprotonation of at least one of the eight carboxy groups of any octacarboxylic acid.


A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of neurosporaxanthin. The major species at pH 7.3.


L-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

The furanose form of L-tagatose 6-phosphate.


beta-alaninate

A beta-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of beta-alanine.


A member of the class of imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazines in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a nitro group and in which the oxazine ring is fully saturated.


L-homocysteinate

An L-alpha-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of L-homocysteine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


Any imidazooxazine resulting from the fusion of the bond between positions 2 and 1 of an imidazole with the bond between positions 2 and 3 of a 1,3-oxazine, and  derivatives.


A member of the class of imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazines resulting from the fusion of the bond between positions 2 and 1 of 1H-imidazole with the bond between positions 2 and 3 of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-oxazine.


A furan having a nitro group at position 5 and a carboxamido group in turn  bearing a long-chain multifunctional N-alkyl group at position 2.


A glycophytoceramide that consists of phytosphingosine having a 6-acetamido-6-deoxy-alpha-D-galactosyl attached at the O-1 position via a glycosidic linkage and a (Z)-tetracos-15-enoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


(S,S)-formoterol

An N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide in which both of the stereocentres have S configuration.


alpha-D-glucuronosylceramide

A uronoglycosphingolipid where the uronosyl head group is alpha-D-glucuronic acid.


purin-6-oyl group

An aroyl group obtained by loss of OH from the carboxy group of purine-6-carboxylic acid.


A glycooctaosylceramide having beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the oligoglycosyl component.


N-purin-6-oyl-epsilon-aminocaproic acid

A purine derivative that consists of 6-aminohexanoic acid having a purin-6-oyl group attached to the amino function via an amide bond.


A purine derivative that consists of glycine having a purin-6-oyl group attached to the amino function via an amide bond.


An  aromatic amide that is purine bearing a carboxamido substituent at position 6.


Purine bearing a methyl substituent at position 6.


methyl purine-6-carboxylate

A methyl ester that is purine bearing a methoxycarbonyl substituent at position 6.


purine-6-carboxylic acid

A purinemonocarboxylic acid that consists of purine having the carboxy group located at position 6.


A dipeptide derivative that consists of arginylaspartamide having a 2-[(5-sulfo-1-naphthyl)amino]ethyl group attached to the amide nitrogen at the carboxy terminus and a [2-(2-{[4-(indol-3-yl)butanoyl]amino}ethoxy)ethoxy]acetyl group attached to the amino terminus.


A furan having a nitro group at position 5 and a carboxamido group in turn bearing a long-chain multifunctional N-alkyl group at position 2.


A polyether that consists of a poly(ethylene glycol) chain with an indol-3-yl-butanamido group at one end and a multifunctionalised alkyl group, in turn containing nitrofuran and amido moieties, at the other.


A tripeptide that consists of N(6)-lysyl-lysyl-lysinamide where the two side-chain amino functions are acylated by 4-(indol-3-yl)butanoyl and 6-[(5-nitro-2-furoyl)amino]hexanoyl groups.


1-hydroxy-2-aminoethylphosphonic acid

A phosphonic acid having a 1-hydroxy-2-aminoethyl group attached to the phosphorus.


A tetrapeptide that consists of [(N(6)-lysyl)-N(6)-lysyl]-lysyl-lysinamide where the two side-chain amino functions are acylated by 4-(indol-3-yl)butanoyl and 6-[(5-nitro-2-furoyl)amino]hexanoyl groups.


A furan having a nitro group at position 5 and a carboxamido group in turn bearing a long-chain polyether-based multifunctional N-alkyl group at position 2.


A tripeptide that consists of a glycine residue flanked by two piperidine-4-carboxylic acid units (connected via amide linkages) where the amino terminus is acylated by a 3-[2-(2-{[4-(indol-3-yl)butanoyl]amino}ethoxy)ethoxy]propanoyl group and the carboxy terminus is formally condensed with the amino group of 3-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]propanoic acid, the carboxy group of which is in turn formally condensed with the alpha-amino group of N(6)-5-nitrofuroyllysine.


NSDB 211

An ammonium betaine derivative of propanesulfonic acid. One of a group of non-detergent sulfobetaines having a sulfobetaine hydrophilic group and a short hydrophobic group that cannot aggregate to form micelles.


An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.


A dipeptide that consists of two piperidine-4-carboxylic acid units (connected via amide linkages) where the amino terminus is acylated by a 3-[2-(2-{[4-(indol-3-yl)butanoyl]amino}ethoxy)ethoxy]propanoyl group and the carboxy terminus is formally condensed with the amino group of 3-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]propanoic acid, the carboxy group of which is in turn formally condensed with the alpha-amino group of N(6)-5-nitrofuroyllysine.


A tetrapeptide that consists of four piperidine-4-carboxylic acid units (connected via amide linkages) where the amino terminus is acylated by a 3-[2-(2-{[4-(indol-3-yl)butanoyl]amino}ethoxy)ethoxy]propanoyl group and the carboxy terminus is formally condensed with the amino group of 3-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]propanoic acid, the carboxy group of which is in turn formally condensed with the alpha-amino group of N(6)-5-nitrofuroyllysine bearing a polyether moiety at its carboxy terminus.


An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the non-formylated amino group of arformoterol.


An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the non-formylated amino group of (S,S)-formoterol.


A racemate consisting of equal amounts of arformoterol(1+) and (S,S)-formoterol(1+).


An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of fingolimod.


fingolimod

An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.


An amino trisaccharide consisting of two D-galactose residues, linked alpha(1->3), and an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue, linked beta(1->3), at the reducing end.


A three-membered deoxy oligosaccharide which has a 2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-ribo-hexose unit at the reducing end with an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl group attached at the 4-position.


A three-membered deoxy oligosaccharide which has a 6-deoxy-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine unit at the reducing end with an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl group attached at the 4-position.


An N-acyl-beta-D-glucosamine where the N-acyl group is specified as 6-[(2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrophenyl)amino]hexanoyl.


N-acyl-D-glucosamine

The pyranose form of an N-acyl-D-glucosamine.


N-acyl-beta-D-glucosamine

An N-acyl-D-glucosamine that has beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.


A dipeptide that consists of beta-alanyl-L-glutamine amide bearing a 2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrophenyl (DNCP) substituent at the amino terminus while the amides at the carboxy terminus and side-chain are substituted by beta-D-glucopyranos-2-yl groups.


An N-substituted diamine that consists of 1,6-hexanediamine bearing two 2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrophenyl (DNCP) substituents at the N(1)- and N(6)-positions.


2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrophenyl group

An organyl group consisting of a benzene ring bearing two nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6 as well as a carboxy group at position 6 relative to the point of attachment.


A glycopeptide that consists of glycyl, phenylalanyl, (5R)-5-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)lysyl, glycyl. alpha-glutamyl, glutaminyl, glycyl, prolyl, lysyl, glycyl, alpha-glutamyl and threonine residues coupled in sequence with an isostere-modified IlePsi[(E)-CH=CH]Ala group attached to the amino terminus.


A glycopeptide that consists of glycyl, phenylalanyl, (5R)-5-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)lysyl, glycyl. alpha-glutamyl, glutaminyl, glycyl, prolyl, lysyl, glycyl, alpha-glutamyl and threonine residues coupled in sequence with an isostere-modified IlePsi(CH2CH2)Ala group attached to the amino terminus.


A glycopeptide that consists of phenylalanyl, (5R)-5-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)lysyl, glycyl. alpha-glutamyl, glutaminyl, glycyl, prolyl, lysyl, glycyl, alpha-glutamyl and threonine residues coupled in sequence with an isostere-modified Ile-AlaPsi[(E)-CH=CH]Gly tripeptoid unit attached to the amino terminus.


A glycopeptide that consists of phenylalanyl, (5R)-5-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)lysyl, glycyl. alpha-glutamyl, glutaminyl, glycyl, prolyl, lysyl, glycyl, alpha-glutamyl and threonine residues coupled in sequence with an isostere-modified Ile-AlaPsi(CH2CH2)Gly tripeptoid unit attached to the amino terminus.


A tetracarboxylic acid anion formed by deprotonation of three of the four carboxy groups in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).


A glycopeptide that consists of (5R)-5-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)lysyl, glycyl. alpha-glutamyl, glutaminyl, glycyl, prolyl, lysyl, glycyl, alpha-glutamyl and threonine residues coupled in sequence with an isostere-modified Ile-Ala-GlyPsi[(E)-CH=CH]Phe tetrapeptoid unit attached to the amino terminus.


A glycopeptide that consists of (5R)-5-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)lysyl, glycyl. alpha-glutamyl, glutaminyl, glycyl, prolyl, lysyl, glycyl, alpha-glutamyl and threonine residues coupled in sequence with an isostere-modified Ile-Ala-GlyPsi(CH2CH2)Phe tetrapeptoid unit attached to the amino terminus.


Gly-L-Ala-L-Ala-D-Ala-D-Ala

A pentapeptide that consists of one glycyl, two L-alanyl and two D-alanyl residues coupled in sequence.


An amino tetrasaccharide that consists of 4,6-dideoxy-4-(3-deoxy-L-glycero-tetronamido)-2-Me-alpha-D-Man residue at the non-reducing end coupled to three 4,6-dideoxy-4-(3-deoxy-L-glycero-tetronamido)-2-Me-alpha-D-Man in a linear sequence, connected by (11->2)-linkages.


A polysaccharide derivative that consists of a backbone of alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-5,7-diacetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl repeating units, joined together by glycosidic linkages between position 2 of the diacetylneuraminosyl residues and position 6 of the glucosyl residues. The depicted structure is representative and shows the repeating unit, which is variably O-acylated at the 7-position of the neuraminosyl residues.


4-hydroxyproline zwitterion

The amino acid zwitterion formed from 4-hydroxyproline.


D-galactal

A glycal derived from D-galactopyranose


glycal

A cyclic enol ether derivative of a sugar having a double bond specifically between carbon atoms 1 and 2 in the ring.


A linear trisaccharide comprising D-glucose (at the reducing end) having a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl moiety at the 4-position.


A galactopentaose in which the linkages between the five D-galactosyl residues are beta(1->3).


A galactopentaose in which the linkages between the five D-galactosyl residues are beta(1->4).


A galactopentaose in which the linkages between the five D-galactosyl residues are beta(1->6).


penta-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactose

An O-acyl carbohydrate that consists of alpha-D-galactopyranose bearing five O-acetyl substituents.


A galactohexaose in which the linkages between the six D-galactosyl residues are beta(1->3).


A galactohexaose in which the linkages between the six D-galactosyl residues are beta(1->4).


A galactohexaose in which the linkages between the six D-galactosyl residues are beta(1->6).


D-rhamnose

Any rhamnose having D-configuration.


D-rhamnopyranose

The pyranose ring form of D-rhamnose.


alpha-D-rhamnose

A D-rhamnopyranose having alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


N-acetyl-D-mannosamine

An N-acetylmannosamine having D-configuration.


N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosamine

An N-acetyl-D-mannosamine having beta-configuration at its anomeric centre.


An amino disaccharide consisting of beta-D-galactose having an alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl residue attached at the 3-position


An N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl group in which beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc is linked beta(1->6) to the D-GalNAc group which has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


glycosyl compound

A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity.


L-cystine anion

The L-alpha-amino acid anion that is a conjugate base of L-cystine, formed by loss of a proton from each of the carboxy groups.  It is the major microspecies at pH > 9.4.


prosolanapyrone III

A prosolanapyrone that is prosolanapyrone II in which the hydroxy group has been oxidised to afford the corresponding aldehyde.


ribonucleoside monophosphate oxoanion

An organophosphate oxoanion resulting from deprotonation of at least one of the acidic hydroxy groups from the phosphate moiety of a ribonucleoside monophosphate.


leukotriene D4(1-)

The leukotriene anion that is the monoanion of leukotriene D4 arising from deprotonation of the two carboxy groups and protonation of the cysteinyl alpha-amino group.


raucaffrinoline

An indole alkaloid having a ajmalan-type skeleton and characterised by a 17alpha-acetoxy group, a 21beta-methyl group, loss of the 1-methyl group with associated unsaturation at N(1)=C(2), and a 20alpha-hydroxymethyl group in place of the 20beta-ethyl side-chain.


perakine

An indole alkaloid having a ajmalan-type skeleton and characterised by a 17alpha-acetoxy group, a 21beta-methyl group, loss of the 1-methyl group with associated unsaturation at N(1)=C(2), and a 20alpha-formyl group in place of the 20beta-ethyl side-chain.


pyranopterin

An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a pterin ring system having a pyran ring ortho-fused at any position.


Coumarin carrying a methyl group at C-4 and a succinyl-leucyl-tryrosyl side-chain at C-7.


mononitrotoluene

A nitrotoluene bearing a single nitro substituent at any position. A "closed class".


An N-hydroxysuccinimide ester derived from 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.