2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding

description: Binding to 2',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 2',5' and 3',5' linkages.


name: asymmetric protein localization to old mitotic spindle pole body

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the old mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


name: asymmetric protein localization to new mitotic spindle pole body

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the new mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


centriole elongation

description: The centrosome organization process by which a centriole increases in length as part of the process of replication.


protein localization to cilium

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium.


name: glucose 6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose 6-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glucose 6-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).


category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-34 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


myeloid cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a myeloid cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


monocyte proliferation

description: The expansion of a monocyte population by cell division.


macrophage proliferation

description: The expansion of a macrophage population by cell division.


microglial cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a microglial cell population by cell division.


macrophage homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of macrophage cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


Langerhans cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell.


hepatic stellate cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a hepatic stellate cell.


description: Catalysis of the reaction 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate + CoA + H+.


cilium disassembly

description: A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium.


central canal development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the central canal of the spinal cord from its formation to the mature structure. The central canal is a spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord.


hindgut development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindgut is part of the alimentary canal that lies posterior to the midgut.


acetylcholine secretion

description: The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell.


dopamine secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of dopamine by a cell in which the dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter.


aspartate secretion

description: The regulated release of aspartate by a cell.


description: The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell in which the epinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter.


aspartate secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of aspartate by a cell in which the aspartate acts as a neurotransmitter.


primary amine secretion

description: The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell.


name: primary amine secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell, in which the primary amine acts as a neurotransmitter.


description: The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell, in which the norepinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter.


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell, in which the gamma-aminobutyric acid acts as a neurotransmitter.


glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

description: The controlled release of glutamate by a cell, in which the glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.


glycine secretion

description: The controlled release of glycine by a cell.


glycine secretion, neurotransmission

description: The controlled release of glycine by a cell, in which glycine acts as a neurotransmitter.


histamine secretion, neurotransmission

description: The controlled release of histamine by a cell, in which the histamine acts as a neurotransmitter.


octopamine secretion

description: The controlled release of octopamine by a cell.


octopamine secretion, neurotransmission

description: The controlled release of octopamine by a cell, in which the octopamine acts as a neurotransmitter.


rhabdomere morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a rhabdomere are generated and organized. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 3-demethylubiquinol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a ubiquinol.


peptide secretion, neurotransmission

description: The controlled release of a peptide from a cell in which the peptide acts as a neurotransmitter.


tyramine secretion

description: The regulated release of a tyramine by a cell.


tyramine secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of a tyramine by a cell in which the tyramine acts as a neurotransmitter.


name: glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UMP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n)-glucose-1-phosphate.


ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


sympathetic ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cranial ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


trigeminal ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ganglion morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of ganglion are generated and organized.


ganglion maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for ganglion to attain its fully functional state.


ganglion formation

description: The process that gives rise to ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


ganglion structural organization

description: The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


trigeminal ganglion morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of a trigeminal ganglion is generated and organized.


trigeminal ganglion maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trigeminal ganglion to attain its fully functional state.


cranial ganglion maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial ganglion to attain its fully functional state.


cranial ganglion morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized.


cranial ganglion formation

description: The process that gives rise to a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


trigeminal ganglion formation

description: The process that gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


name: cranial ganglion structural organization

description: The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


name: trigeminal ganglion structural organization

description: The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the trigeminal ganglion This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


axon development

description: The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation).


dAMP phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group into dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate, to produce dADP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces dATP.


CMP phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group into CMP, cytidine monophosphate, to produce CDP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces CTP.


dCMP phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group into dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate, to produce dCDP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces dCTP.


actin filament bundle organization

description: A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin filament bundle.


name: actin filament bundle retrograde transport

description: A process of actin filament bundle distribution that results in the arrangement of actin filament bundles from the periphery toward the interior of the cell.


ASAP complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A protein complex involved in regulation of mRNA processing and apoptosis. It binds to RNA in a sequence-independent manner and is recruited to the EJC prior to or during the splicing process. In humans the core proteins are RNPS1, SAP18 and ACIN1.


name: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase.


acyl-CoA ceramide synthase complex

description: A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine. In S. cerevisiae it contains three subunits: lag1, lac1 and lip1.


name: calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel

description: A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of a high voltage-gated calcium channel.


K63-linked deubiquitinase activity

description: Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys63 residue of ubiquitin.


name: N-acyl homoserine lactone synthase activity

description: Catalyzing the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine -> [acyl-carrier- protein] + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone.


colon epithelial cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a colonic epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


corneal epithelial cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a corneal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


intestinal epithelial cell migration

description: The orderly movement of an intestinal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


colon epithelial cell chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a colon epithelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


orexin secretion

description: The controlled release of orexin from a cell or a tissue.


orexin secretion, neurotransmission

description: The controlled release of orexin from a cell in which orexin acts as a neurotransmitter.


name: positive regulation of transcription by transcription factor localization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor.


name: calcium activated phospholipid scrambling

description: The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


name: calcium activated phosphatidylserine scrambling

description: The movement of a population of phosphatidylserine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


name: calcium activated phosphatidylcholine scrambling

description: The movement of a population of phosphatidylcholine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


name: calcium activated galactosylceramide scrambling

description: The movement of a population of galactosylceramide molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


name: phosphatidylserine exposure on osteoblast involved in bone mineralization

description: A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the surface of osteoblasts, and contributes to bone mineralization.


sulfoquinovose isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction sulfoquinovose = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose.


6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose + ATP = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate + ADP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.


3-sulfolactaldehyde reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate + NAD+ = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction ATP + molybdopterin = diphosphate + adenylyl-molybdopterin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction adenylyl-molybdopterin + molybdate = molybdenum cofactor + AMP.


name: molybdenum cofactor cytidylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction CTP + molybdenum cofactor = diphosphate + cytidylyl molybdenum cofactor.


name: molybdenum cofactor guanylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction GTP + molybdenum cofactor = diphosphate + guanylyl molybdenum cofactor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: [Molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly-AMP + [cysteine desulfurase]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine = AMP [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH(2)-C(O)SH + cysteine desulfurase.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly = diphosphate [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly-AMP.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid propionylation

description: The propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-propionylpeptide. This reaction is the propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.


nuclear import signal receptor activity

description: Combining with a nuclear import signal (NIS) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the cytoplasm to the nuclear lumen. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


fructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose-1-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.


name: glycerol to glycerone phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways in which glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, is converted to glycerone phosphate.


name: mannose to fructose-6-phosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways in which mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, is converted to fructose-6-phosphate.


name: galactose to glucose-1-phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways in which galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose, is converted to glucose-1-phosphate.


glycolytic process from glycerol

description: The glycolytic process in which glycerol is catabolized to pyruvate generating ATP and NADH.


miRNA transcription

description: The cellular synthesis of microRNA (miRNA) transcripts. MicroRNA genes are synthesized as primary (pri) miRNA transcripts and subsequently processed to produce the ~22nt miRNAs that function in gene regulation.


name: glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide into pyruvate, occurring through a fructose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.


name: glycolytic process from fructose through fructose-6-phosphate

description: The glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate in which fructose is catabolized into pyruvate.


MICOS complex

description: Mitochondrial inner membrane complex involved in maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex has six subunits: MIC10, MIC12, MIC19, MIC26, MIC27, and MIC60.


name: glycolytic process from mannose through fructose-6-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose into pyruvate, occurring through a fructose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.


name: glycolytic process through glucose-6-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, occurring through a glucose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


canonical glycolysis

description: The glycolytic process that begins with the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase activity. Glycolytic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


name: glycolytic process through glucose-1-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways through a glucose-1-phosphate intermediate that result in the catabolism of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


glycolytic process from galactose

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


name: fructose catabolic process to hydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that results in the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


name: glycolytic process through fructose-1-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose into pyruvate through a fructose-1-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.


pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H+.


H3K27me3 modified histone binding

description: Binding to a histone H3 in which the lysine residue at position 27 has been modified by trimethylation.


name: RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding

description: Binding to a sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors that interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription.


ubiquitin protein ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ubiquitin + S = X + S-ubiquitin, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ubiquitin linkage is an amide bond: an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate or, in the linear extension of ubiquitin chains, a peptide bond the between the C-terminal glycine and N-terminal methionine of ubiquitin residues.


ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y = Y-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


name: RNA lariat debranching enzyme activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of an RNA lariat debranching enzyme.


name: transport-coupled glycolytic process through glucose-6-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, in which the glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate intermediate coupled to transmembrane transport.


alpha-D-xyloside xylohydrolase

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-xylose residues with release of alpha-D-xylose.


regulation of protein complex stability

description: Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein complex by altering the likelihood of its assembly or disassembly.


CENP-A containing chromatin

description: The specialized chromatin located in the centromeric core region or the entire centromeric region in organisms with point centromeres, which is enriched for CENP-A-containing nucleosomes. This chromatin forms a 3-dimensional structure which provides a platform for kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment.


Cdv-dependent cytokinesis

description: A cytokinesis that involves a set of conserved proteins including the Cdv proteins, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.


cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis

description: A cytokinesis that involves the function of a set of proteins that are part of the microfilament or microtubule cytoskeleton.


chemoattraction of axon

description: The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.


chemorepulsion of axon

description: The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.


name: protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, CENP-A containing chromatin.


endocytic patch

description: The part of the cell cortex consisting of an aggregation of proteins that will give rise to an endocytic vesicle.


name: positive regulation of glutamate neurotransmitter secretion in response to membrane depolarization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion in response to membrane depolarization, where glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.


tooth replacement

description: The process whose specific outcome is the replacement of an existing tooth with another tooth.


name: ubiquitin-modified histone reader activity

description: A molecular adaptor that recognizes and binds a histone protein containing a ubiquitination modification and that brings the target protein into contact with another protein to allow those proteins to function in a coordinated way.


name: ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another molecule, usually another protein, via the reaction X-SCP + Y = Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


Atg12 conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of Atg12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-Atg12 + Y = Y-Atg12 + X, where both the X-Atg12 and Y-Atg12 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


FAT10 conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y = Y-FAT10 + X, where both the X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of FAT10 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


ISG15 conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both the X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


NEDD8 conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of NEDD8 from one protein to another via the reaction X-NEDD8 + Y = Y-NEDD8 + X, where both the X-NEDD8 and Y-NEDD8 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of NEDD8 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


Pup conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of Pup from one protein to another via the reaction X-Pup + Y = Y-Pup + X, where both the X-Pup and Y-Pup linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


SUMO conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y = Y-SUMO + X, where both the X-SUMO and Y-SUMO linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


UFM1 conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y = Y-UFM1 + X, where both the X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of UFM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


URM1 conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y = Y-URM1 + X, where both the X-URM1 and Y-URM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ULP + S = X + S-ULP, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ULP linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ULP linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ULP and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


Atg12 ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of Atg12 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Atg12 + S = X + S-Atg12, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Atg12 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Atg12 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


FAT10 ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-FAT10 + S = X + S-FAT10, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-FAT10 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-FAT10 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of FAT10 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


ISG15 ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ISG15 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ISG15 + S = X + S-ISG15, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ISG15 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ISG15 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


NEDD8 ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of NEDD8 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-NEDD8 + S = X + S-NEDD8, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-NEDD8 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-NEDD8 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of NEDD8 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


Pup ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of Pup to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Pup + S = X + S-Pup, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Pup linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Pup linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


SUMO ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO to a substrate protein via the reaction X-SUMO + S = X + S-SUMO, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-SUMO linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-SUMO linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


UFM1 ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-UFM1 + S = X + S-UFM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-UFM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-UFM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of UFM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


URM1 ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-URM1 + S = X + S-URM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-URM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-URM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


mitochondrial ribosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits.


spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

description: Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the absence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.


evoked neurotransmitter secretion

description: Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the presence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.


Cbp3p-Cbp6 complex

description: A protein complex located at the mitochondrial ribosome tunnel exit that is involved in efficient translation and protein complex assembly.


glutathione hydrolase complex

description: Enzyme complex that in S. cerevisiae has components Dug2/Dug3 and is able to catalyze the cleavage of glutathione into glutamate and Cys-Gly.


mitotic spindle astral microtubule

description: Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.


name: gap filling involved in double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

description: Repair of the gaps in the DNA helix using a discontinuous template during double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


RBL family protein binding

description: Binding to a member of the rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) family, a family of animal lectins that show specific binding activities to L-rhamnose or D-galactose.


importin-alpha family protein binding

description: Binding to a member of the importin-alpha family.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway

description: A cellular carbohydrate catabolic process that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and either glyceraldehyde or glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by dehydration and aldol cleavage via a gluconate or 6-phosphogluconate intermediate.


name: Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate

description: The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate.


name: Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde

description: The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde.


name: Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

description: The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


seminal vesicle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a seminal vesicle are generated and organized.


name: branching involved in seminal vesicle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the branching structure of the seminal vesicle is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


chaperone-mediated autophagy

description: The autophagy process which begins when chaperones and co-chaperones recognize a target motif and unfold the substrate protein. The proteins are then transported to the lysosome where they are degraded.


diphthine methylesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: diphthine methyl ester + H2O = diphthine + H+ + methanol.


name: hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (hercynine) + O2 = hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + H2O.


detoxification of inorganic compound

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of inorganic compounds. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of inorganic compounds.


name: glycolytic process via Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

description: A glycolytic process in which the glucose is catabolized to pyruvate by first entering the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to yield pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is subsequently converted to pyruvate by the core glycolytic enzymes.


tricellular tight junction

description: An specialized occluding junction where three epithelial cells meet. It is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that run perpendicularly to the bicellular tight junction at the point of contact between three epithelial cells in an epithelial sheet.


lipoamidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-[(R)-lipoyl]-L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] = (R)-lipoate + L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein].


detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


name: cellular detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in a cell. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


name: alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + methylphosphonate = alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate + adenine.


name: alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase complex

description: A catalytic protein complex that is capable of alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase activity.


name: transferase complex, transferring phosphorus-containing groups

description: A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


pituitary gonadotropin complex

description: A protein complex that is a protein hormone secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. capable of regulating normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-glutaryl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-glutaryl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


protein deglutarylation

description: The removal of a glutaryl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.


peptidyl-lysine deglutarylation

description: The removal of a glutaryl group (CO-CH2-CH2--CH2-CO) from a glutarylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


GATOR2 complex

description: A multiprotein subcomplex of the GATOR complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In human, this complex consists of WDR24, WDR59, MIOS, SEH1L, and SEC13. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is referred to as SEACAT and contains the Sea2p, Sea3p, Sea4p, Seh1p, Sec13p proteins.


bacterial outer membrane vesicle

description: A spherical, bilayered proteolipid vesicle released from gram-negative bacterial outer membranes.


canonical inflammasome complex

description: A cytosolic protein complex that is capable of activating caspase-1.


pyroptosome complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an assemble of ASC dimers that is capable of inducing pyroptosis.


glycolytic process from sucrose

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a sucrose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.


name: sucrose catabolic process to fructose-6-phosphate through glucose and fructose

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, to yield fructose-6-phosphate through both glucose and fructose intermediates.


name: glycolytic process from sucrose through glucose and fructose

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose into pyruvate through both glucose and fructose intermediates, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.


extracellular exosome macropinocytosis

description: The single-organism macropinocytosis process that results in the uptake of an extracellular exosome.


description: Catalysis of 5-taurinomethyluridine in tRNA + a [protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine in tRNA + a [protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.


reticulophagy

description: The selective autohagy process in which parts of the endoplasmic reticulum are loaded into autophagosomes, delivered to the vacuole, and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate synthase

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + ATP + bicarbonate = L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + diphosphate + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + adenine(37) in tRNA = AMP + N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + sulfur-(sulfur carrier) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylthio-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (sulfur carrier) + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine.


anterior neural tube closure

description: The step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired anterior neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.


folic acid receptor activity

description: Combining selectively with extracellular folic acid and delivering it into the cell via endocytosis.


miRNA export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of a processed miRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


glucose catabolic process to pyruvate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of pyruvate.


name: glucose catabolic process to pyruvate utilizing ADP

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the utilization of ADP in the initial kinase reactions.


name: 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to glycerone phosphate and 3-sulfolactaldehyde

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA).


name: 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to 3-sulfopropanediol(1-)

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfopropanediol(1-).


sulphoglycolysis

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and pyruvate.


glycophagy

description: The selective degradation of glycogen by macroautophagy.


lipophagy

description: The selective degradation of lipid droplets by macroautophagy.


cytosolic lipolysis

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipid droplets and hydrolysis of stored triglycerides occurring through the orchestrated activation of cytosolic lipases.


name: methylglyoxal catabolic process to lactate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into lactate.


name: GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from mannose

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from mannose.


name: GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from fructose-6-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from fructose-6-phosphate.


C-rich strand telomeric DNA binding

description: Binding to C-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.


description: Catalysis of the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-lysine-peptide.


name: parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

description: A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a parkin-family molecule.


name: DNM1L-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

description: A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a DNM1L-family molecule.


engulfment of target by autophagosome

description: The membrane invagination process by which an autophagosomal membrane surrounds an object that will be degraded by macroautophagy.


leukotriene signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by leukotriene binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


late endosomal microautophagy

description: The autophagy process by which cytosolic proteins targeted for degradation are tagged with a chaperone and are directly transferred into and degraded in a late endosomal compartment.


name: protein lipidation involved in autophagosome assembly

description: The protein lipidation process by which phosphatidylethanolamine is conjugated to a protein of the ATG8 family, leading to membrane insertion of the protein as a step in autophagosome assembly.


name: protein targeting to lysosome involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy

description: The targeting of a protein to the lysosome process in which an input protein binds to a chaperone and subsequently to a lysosomal receptor.


name: chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex

description: A lysosomal membrane protein complex that enables the translocation of a target protein across the lysosomal membrane as part of chaperone-mediated autophagy.


motor learning

description: Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.


motor behavior

description: The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.


forked DNA-dependent helicase activity

description: Unwinding a DNA helix containing forked DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: acid sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+ in an acidic environment.


name: neutral sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+ in a neutral environment.


telomeric repeat-containing RNA binding

description: Binding to long non-coding RNA molecules transcribed from subtelomeric regions in most eukaryotes. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) molecules consist of subtelomeric-derived sequences and G-rich telomeric repeats.


substrate localization to autophagosome

description: The localization process by which an autophagic substrate is delivered to a forming autophagosome.


name: negative regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

description: Any process that reduces the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


name: positive regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

description: Any process that increases the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


name: leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell

description: The attachment of a leukocyte to vascular endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


name: leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell

description: The attachment of a leukocyte to an arterial endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


name: 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity, forward reaction

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor -> 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


alpha-ketoglutarate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor -> (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor.


antifungal innate immune response

description: An defense response against a fungus mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


alpha-latrotoxin receptor binding

description: Binding to an alpha-latrotoxin receptor.


CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

description: The series of molecular signals in which calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity enabled by a CAMKK directly activates an AMPK. The cascade begins with calmodulin binding calcium which in turn binds CAMKK enabling its calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity. The cascade ends with AMP-activated protein kinase activity.


multivesicular body-lysosome fusion

description: The organelle membrane fusion process in which the membrane of a multivesicular body fuses with a lysosome to create a hybrid organelle.


name: late endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to lysosomes by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the lysosome.


name: positive regulation of lung blood pressure

description: The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the lungs.


name: negative regulation of lung blood pressure

description: The process that decreases the force with which blood travels through the lungs.


name: magnesium:sodium antiporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: Na+(in) + Mg2+(out) = Na+(out) + Mg2+(in).


ribosylnicotinate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-ribosylnicotinate + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + nicotinate mononucleotide.


translation elongation factor binding

description: Binding to a translation elongation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the peptide elongation in ribosome-mediated translation.


response to caloric restriction

description: A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.


name: xenobiotic transport across blood-nerve barrier

description: The directed movement of a xenobiotic through the blood-nerve barrier.


eNoSc complex

description: A chromatin silencing complex that recruits histone-modifying enzymes and upregulates silencing of rDNA in response to glucose starvation.


cohesin unloading

description: Negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion by the topological unlinking of a cohesin ring to DNA.


cohesin loader activity

description: Facilitating a conformational change to load a cohesin complex around sister chromatids.


topological DNA co-entrapment activity

description: A DNA binding activity in which a protein complex interacts with at least one DNA duplex to encircle the DNA molecules with a loose fitting ring.


Tapasin-ERp57 complex

description: Subunit of the MHC class I peptide loading complex (GO:0042824) (=PLC) involved in the assembly of the heavy-chain-beta2-microglobulin dimers of the MHC class I molecules that fold with eight to ten residue peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. Required for the inhibition of the reduction of the disulfide bonds of the heavy chains and the assembly and stabilization of the PLC, suggesting it may play a structural rather than a catalytic role.


mitotic cohesin loading

description: The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA as part of the mitotic cell cycle.


mitotic cohesin unloading

description: Negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion by the topological unlinking of a cohesin ring to DNA as part of the mitotic cell cycle.


vesicle fusion with vesicle

description: Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with a target membrane on another vesicle.


peptidoglycan muralytic activity

description: A catalytic activity that contributes to the degradation of peptidoglycan.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from peptidoglycan.


peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity

description: An endopeptidase activity that uses peptidoglycan as a substrate.


name: peptidoglycan stem peptide endopeptidase activity

description: A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a stem peptide of peptidoglycan.


name: peptidoglycan cross-bridge peptide endopeptidase activity

description: A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a peptidoglycan cross-bridge.


EGF repeat binding

description: Binding to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) repeats.


dense core granule priming

description: A process that converts unprimed dense core granules (DCVs) to a pool of primed vesicles that are capable of fusing with the plasma membrane (fusion-competent) and thereby releasing their contents. Priming typically occurs after docking.


dense core granule docking

description: The initial attachment of a dense core granule membrane to the plasma membrane.


GTPase motor activity

description: A motor activity driven by GTP hydrolysis.


secretory granule maturation

description: Steps required to transform an immature secretory vesicle into a mature secretory vesicle. Typically proceeds through homotypic membrane fusion and membrane remodeling.


chromatin lock complex

description: A chromatin silencing complex that binds and bridges separate nucleosomal histones resulting in heterochromatin assembly and chromatin looping.


conidium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of conidium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Conidia are non-motile spores produced via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi; they are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


Golgi lumen acidification

description: Any process that reduces the pH of the Golgi lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


name: membrane addition at site of mitotic cytokinesis

description: A mitotic cell cycle process involved in the net addition of membrane at the site of cytokinesis; includes vesicle recruitment and fusion, local lipid synthesis and insertion.


pH-gated chloride channel activity

description: A gated channel activity that enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in pH.


GTP 3',8'-cyclase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP=(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate.


name: cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate.


fibronectin fibril

description: A supramolecular fiber formed from fibronectin molecules. The fibrils are 5 to 25nm in diameter and can form branched meshworks.


laminin-5B complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha3B, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


anterior cell cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the anterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


posterior cell cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the posterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


name: mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one)

description: The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic prophase.


name: mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)

description: The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B.


name: regulation of DNA recombination at centromere

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within centromeric DNA.


name: positive regulation of DNA recombination at centromere

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination at the centromere.


name: negative regulation of DNA recombination at centromere

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination at the centromere.


name: NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose, in a two steps reaction: first an ADP-ribosyl cyclase reaction, followed by a cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase reaction.


name: Met1-linked polyubiquitin deubiquitinase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ubiquitin units from Met1-linked (or linear) polyubiquitin chains.


proteaphagy

description: The selective degradation of proteasomes by macroautophagy.


name: endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering

description: The attachment of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane to the plasma membrane via molecular tethers.


tRNA folding

description: The process of assisting in the folding of tRNAs into the correct tertiary structure.


name: telomeric DNA-containing double minutes formation

description: A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of small fragments of circular extrachromosomal DNA elements which contain telomeric DNA. It is speculated that telomeric DNA-containing double minutes are formed through a recombination event between the telomere and chromosome-internal TTAGGG-like sequences. Telomeric DNA-containing double minutes appear as two closely positioned dots in metaphase.


telomeric D-loop disassembly

description: A telomere loop disassembly process that results in the disassembly of telomeric D-loops. A telomeric D-loop is a three-stranded DNA displacement loop that forms at the site where the telomeric 3' single-stranded DNA overhang (formed of the repeat sequence TTAGGG in mammals) is tucked back inside the double-stranded component of telomeric DNA molecule, thus forming a t-loop or telomeric-loop and protecting the chromosome terminus.


telomeric D-loop binding

description: Binding to a telomeric D-loop. A telomeric D-loop is a three-stranded DNA displacement loop that forms at the site where the telomeric 3' single-stranded DNA overhang (formed of the repeat sequence TTAGGG in mammals) is tucked back inside the double-stranded component of telomeric DNA molecule, thus forming a t-loop or telomeric-loop and protecting the chromosome terminus.


ciliary cap

description: An intracellular compartmentalized cilium structure found in insect spermatids which is bounded by a membrane derived from the invagination of the cell membrane that remains associated with the primary cilium as it is internalized. The ciliary cap is maintained at the end of the axoneme distal to the centriole and is separated from the cytosolic axoneme/cytoplasm by a putative transition zone, which may extend into the ciliary cap, and include a structure at the base of the ciliary cap termed the ring centriole.


ring centriole

description: A ring-like structure observed at the base of the ciliary cap of insect spermatids. This structure may anchor the axoneme to the ciliary cap membrane and/or act as a diffusion barrier, proposed to be analogous to the annulus of mammalian sperm flagellum.


cytosolic ciliogenesis

description: The process in which an axoneme is exposed entirely or partially to the cytoplasm or by which the cytoplasmic portion is assembled or extended. Cytosolic ciliogenesis can occur following compartmentalized ciliogenesis, in which the cilium is formed within a compartment separated from the cytoplasm.


podosome core

description: The F-actin-rich core of an adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell.


podosome ring

description: The ring structure surrounding the podosome core, containing proteins such as vinculin and talin.


sperm head

description: The part of the late spermatid or spermatozoon that contains the nucleus and acrosome.


apical tubulobulbar complex

description: Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between mature spermatids and Sertoli cells at the luminal end of the Sertoli cell.


basal tubulobulbar complex

description: Actin-based structures involved in establishing the blood-testis barrier of the Sertoli cell.


concave side of sperm head

description: The concave part of the late spermatid head or spermatozoon head that forms the ventral portion of the head, particularly in some rodent species.


apical ectoplasmic specialization

description: Testis-specific junction between mature spermatids and Sertoli cells at the luminal end of the Sertoli cell.


basal ectoplasmic specialization

description: Testis-specific junction between mature Sertoli cells involved in establishing the blood-testis barrier of the Sertoli cell.


name: protein localization to tricellular tight junction

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a tricellular tight junction.


actin filament branch point

description: The part of an actin filament where the structure forks.


ventral surface of cell

description: The surface of a migrating cell that is in contact with the substratum or cell layer.


intranuclear rod

description: A macromolecular fiber consisting of actin and cofilin that is formed in the nucleus as a consequence of chemical or mechanical stress conditions.


neuropeptide processing

description: Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a neuropeptide precursor. Processing leads to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the neuropeptide.


CENP-T-W-S-X complex

description: A histone-variant containing protein complex which forms a centromere specific nucleosome-like structure, involved in centromeric chromatin organization.


name: high-affinity ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


high-affinity iron exporter complex

description: A protein complex which transports ferrous iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from the vacuole, the main storage component of intracellular free iron, into the cytoplasm in a low iron environment.


name: microtubule organizing center localization

description: Any process in which the microtubule organizing center is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


Sertoli cell barrier remodeling

description: The tissue remodeling process by which the Sertoli cell barrier is temporarily disrupted and reorganized to accommodate the transit of preleptotene spermatocytes at stage VIII of the epithelial cycle.


name: antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

description: An immune response against microbes mediated by anti-microbial peptides in body fluid.


neuron projection branch point

description: The location where a secondary projection arises from a neuron projection.


dendritic spine cytoplasm

description: The region of the neuronal cytoplasm located in dendritic spines.


response to cholecystokinin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholecystokinin stimulus.


cellular response to cholecystokinin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholecystokinin stimulus.


telomeric G-quadruplex DNA binding

description: Binding to telomeric G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures in telomeres.


growth cone leading edge

description: That part of the growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


leading edge of lamellipodium

description: That part of the lamellipodium which represents the distal part of the structure.


name: retrograde transporter complex, Golgi to ER

description: Transporter complex that recognises, binds and returns endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins that have trafficked to Golgi compartments. Targets proteins lacking the HDEL motif recognised by COPI-coated vesicles.


regulation of neuroblast migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


name: positive regulation of neuroblast migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


name: negative regulation of neuroblast migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


name: Golgi calcium ion transmembrane transport

description: A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a Golgi membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pre-emptive quality control

description: The response to endoplasimic reticulum stress in which nascent proteins are degraded by attenuation of their translocation into the ER followed by rerouting to the cytosol without cleavage of the signal peptide, and subsequent degradation by the proteasome.


DNA clamp unloader activity

description: Facilitating the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their removal from the DNA duplex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: cellular response to differentiation-inducing factor 2

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentan-1-one stimulus.


microtubule plus end polymerase

description: Catalysis of the transfer of tubulin dimers to the plus end of a microtubule. The reaction is reversible depending on the availability of dimers.


basement membrane constituent secretion

description: The controlled release of molecules that form the basement membrane, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell.


name: polarized secretion of basement membrane proteins in epithelium

description: The basement membrane constituent secretion in which there is a restriction or targeting of basement membrane proteins for controlled release on the basal side of polarized epithelium.


name: establishment of mitotic spindle asymmetry

description: The mitotic spindle organization process by which a mitotic spindle becomes asymmetric either in position or structure.


hepatic stellate cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a hepatic stellate cell from one site to another.


name: regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


name: positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


name: negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


hepatic stellate cell contraction

description: The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a hepatic stellate cell.


name: regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


name: positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


name: negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

description: Any process that modulates stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


name: regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


name: positive regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

description: Any process that activates or increasesthe frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


name: negative regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


name: clathrin-dependent endocytosis involved in vitellogenesis

description: A clathrin-mediated endocytosis process whereby yolk proteins are internalized and trafficked through the endocytic pathway for yolk deposition.


name: regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


name: positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


name: negative regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


regulation of astrocyte activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.


name: negative regulation of astrocyte activation

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.


name: positive regulation of astrocyte activation

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.


calcium ion sensor activity

description: Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of calcium ions (Ca2+).


name: all-trans retinol 3,4-desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinol + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


name: all-trans retinal 3,4-desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinal + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinal + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


name: all-trans retinoic acid 3,4-desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoic acid + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinoic acid + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


11-cis-retinal 3,4-desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinal + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = 11-cis-3,4-didehydro-retinal + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


glial cell activation

description: A change in morphology and behavior of a glial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


autophagosome localization

description: Any process in which an autophagosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


name: negative regulation of AMPA receptor activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor activity.


phagophore

description: A disk-like structure that expands, rounds up into a cup-shaped structure, and eventually closes around its cargo (for example cytoplasmic components) to become an autophagosome or Cvt vesicle.


autophagosome-lysosome fusion

description: The process in which autophagosomes, double-membraned vesicles containing cytoplasmic material, fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the autophagosome.


autophagosome-endosome fusion

description: The process in which an autophagosome fuses with an endosome to create an intermediate autophagic organelle called amphisome.


amphisome-lysosome fusion

description: The process in which amphisomes fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the amphisome.


name: positive regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


name: negative regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


leading edge of axonal growth cone

description: That part of the axonal growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


leading edge of dendritic growth cone

description: That part of the dendritic growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


process utilizing autophagic mechanism

description: A cellular process involving delivery of a portion of the cytoplasm to lysosomes or to the plant or fungal vacuole that does not involve direct transport through the endocytic or vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathways. This process typically leads to degradation of the cargo; however, it can also be used to deliver resident proteins, such as in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.


protein propionyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-propionyl-lysine-peptide.


peptidyl-lysine propionylation

description: The propionylation of peptidyl-lysine.


histone propionyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + histone = CoA + propionyl-histone.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (2S,3R,6S,9S)-(-)-protoillud-7-ene.


name: regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial scaffolds. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


name: negative regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

description: Any process that reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial scaffolds. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


name: positive regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial cell scaffolds.


TOC-TIC supercomplex I

description: The protein transport macromolecular complex of the chloroplast membrane that interacts with the precursor proteins and contains components of both the outer membrane and inner membrane complexes containing at least Toc75, Toc159, Toc34 and Tic110.


name: glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione = 5-oxoproline + L-cysteinylglycine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-(L-gamma-glutamyl)-L-lysine = L-lysine + 5-oxo-L-proline.


regulation of erythrocyte enucleation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte enucleation.


name: positive regulation of erythrocyte enucleation

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte enucleation.


name: negative regulation of erythrocyte enucleation

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte enucleation.


name: regulation of adenine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenine biosynthetic process.


name: fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming two zygotes

description: The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming two zygotes.


name: fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

description: The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm.


name: protein localization to somatodendritic compartment

description: A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within the somatodendritic compartment.


c-di-GMP signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another using c-di-GMP as the signal.


regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

description: Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


name: positive regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


name: negative regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


name: negative regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of K48-linked ubiquitination, a protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.


name: regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of protein K-48-linked ubiquitination, a protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.


premature acrosome loss

description: The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.


regulation of premature acrosome loss

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.


name: negative regulation of premature acrosome loss

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.


name: establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a plasma membrane.


midbody abscission

description: The process by which the midbody, the cytoplasmic bridge that connects the two prospective daughter cells, is severed at the end of mitotic cytokinesis, resulting in two separate daughter cells.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine in mRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(1)-methyladenine in mRNA.


penetration of cumulus oophorus

description: The infiltration by sperm of the cumulus oophorus to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


NVT complex

description: A protein complex that is capable of contributing to protein localization by the NVT pathway. In fission yeast, the Nvt complex consists of Ape2, Lap2 and Nbr1.


response to (R)-carnitine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an (R)-carnitine stimulus.


regulation of heme oxygenase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


name: positive regulation of heme oxygenase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


name: negative regulation of heme oxygenase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


name: regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


name: negative regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


name: positive regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


establishment of left/right asymmetry

description: The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


establishment of left sidedness

description: The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism that established the pattern characteristic to its left side.


maintenance of left/right asymmetry

description: The organization process that preserves the asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


maintenance of left sidedness

description: The organization process that preserves the left sidedness in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


maintenance of right sidedness

description: The organization process that preserves the right sidedness in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


replacement bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of another structural tissue into bone.


dermal bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which bone which forms superficially in the organism are generated and organized.


membrane bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which bone which forms deep in the organism are generated and organized.


perichondral bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial connective tissue surrounding cartilage into bone.


articular cartilage development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: temporomandibular joint articular cartilage development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of temporomandibular joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: hip joint articular cartilage development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of hip joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: mandibular condyle articular cartilage development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mandibular joint condyle articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: femoral head articular cartilage development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of femoral head articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulatory RNA binding

description: Binding to a small regulatory RNA, a short RNA (usually 50-200 nt long) that is either independently transcribed or processed from a longer RNA by an RNAse enzyme.


3-hydroxykynureninase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-3-hydroxykynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine.


meiosis I cell cycle process

description: A process that contributes to the first meiotic division. The first meiotic division is the reductive division resulting in the separation of homologous chromosome pairs.


meiosis II cell cycle process

description: A process that coontributes to the second meiotic division. The second meiotic division separates chromatids resulting in a haploid number of chromosomes.


catabolite repression

description: A process in which the presence of one nutrient source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of processes involved in the metabolism of other nutrient sources.


carbon catabolite repression

description: A process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of the metabolism of other carbon sources.


name: negative regulation of transcription by glucose

description: Any process involving glucose that decreases the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.


name: negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

description: Any process involving glucose that decreases the frequency, rate or extent or transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


karyosome formation

description: The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the germ cell nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.


sperm karyosome formation

description: The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the spem nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + a malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = a 3-oxodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CoA + CO2.


name: calcium:proton antiporter complex

description: A protein complex that enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).


name: ATP-dependent protein-DNA complex displacement activity

description: An activity that displaces proteins or protein complexes from DNA, sometimes in a 'wire stripping' fashion, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition.


name: positive regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal trnasition.


name: negative regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition.


name: regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


name: negative regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

description: Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


secondary palate development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The secondary palate is the part of the palate formed from the fusion of the two palatine shelves, extensions of the maxillary prominences.


primitive palate development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primitive palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure.


name: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV pre-assembly complex

description: A protein complex that contributes to and regulates mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (COX) formation. It acts by regulating mitochondrial COX1 translation and by promoting the assembly of COX components.


name: regulation of small molecule metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


name: positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


name: negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


name: mitotic cohesin dsDNA (leading strand) loading

description: The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to dsDNA (leading strand) as part of the mitotic cell cycle.


name: mitotic cohesin ssDNA (lagging strand) loading

description: The ATP-dependent protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to ssDNA (lagging strand) which is already linked to a dsDNA (leading strand) molecule as part of the mitotic cell cycle.


description: An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.


name: regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

description: Any process that modualtes the rate, frequency or extent of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.


name: negative regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process

description: Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.


name: positive regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process

description: Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.


regulation of stress granule assembly

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of stress granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.


name: positive regulation of stress granule assembly

description: Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of stress-granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.


name: negative regulation of stress granule assembly

description: Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of stress-granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.


filamentous growth MAPK cascade

description: A MAPK cascade containing at least the Kss1 MAP kinase. It starts with the activation of Ste20, a MAP4K, which activates Ste11, a MAP3K, which in turn activate Ste7, a MAP2K, which activates Kss1. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. The filamentous growth MAPK cascade is activated as a result of partial nutrient deprivation and  results in filamentous growth.


cichorine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cichorine, a secondary metabolite found in some species of fungi.


name: positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation

description: Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.


L-pipecolic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-pipecolic acid, a metabolite of lysine.


sensory perception of cold stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a cold temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


sensory perception of hot stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a hot temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


D-loop DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA D-loop. A D-loop is a three-stranded DNA structure formed by the invasion of a single DNA strand that base pairs with one strand of duplex DNA, while the rest of the double-stranded DNA does not unwind.


name: positive regulation of pheromone response MAPK cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a pheromone response MAPK cascade.


biofilm matrix

description: A structure lying external to microbial cells. A biofilm is an aggregate of surface-associated cells, and the biofilm matrix is the envelope of polymeric substances that surrounds the cells.


fungal biofilm matrix

description: An extracellular matrix lying external to fungal cells. The fungal biofilm matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Fungal biofilms mediate adherence to host tissues, and provide protection from host immune defenses.


name: positive regulation of meiotic sister chromatid arm separation

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of meiotic sister chromatid arm separation, the cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.


name: regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


name: positive regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

description: Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.