name: symbiont entry into host cell via permeabilization of endosomal membrane

description: The entry of a symbiont into a host cell, following endocytosis, via permeabilization of the endosomal membrane by membrane penetration protein(s) of the symbiont. This process mediates the entry of some non-enveloped virus into eukaryotic cells. In some cases, viral membrane-penetration protein requires to be activated to display its membrane penetrating activity. Activation can be due to receptor binding or the acidic pH of the endosomal lumen.


name: extrinsic component of presynaptic endosome membrane

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The component of the presynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: symbiont entry into host cell via permeabilization of inner membrane

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The entry of a symbiont into the cytoplasm of a host cell, following fusion with the outer membrane, via permeabilization of the plasma (inner) membrane. This process mediates the entry of some non-enveloped viruses into prokaryotic cells. In the case of some double stranded RNA viruses of prokaryotes this occurs via interaction of a membrane-interacting component of the capsid, leading to depolarization and permeabilization of the plasma membrane.


viral genome circularization

description: The circularization of a viral genome following infection of a host cell. This is common amongst bacterial viruses to protect the viral genome ends from nucleases, to convert the linear genome to an integrative precursor or to give rise to the replicative form of the genome. It can be mediated by covalent closure of the DNA sticky ends, recombinaison between redundant terminal sequences or via the binding of a protein at the viral DNA extremities.


modification of postsynaptic structure

description: Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynapse.


neuronal dense core vesicle exocytosis

description: The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a neuronal dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of a neuron in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.


neuronal dense core vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle.


neuronal dense core vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed by a neuronal dense core vesicle membrane.


name: neuronal dense core vesicle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuronal dense core vesicle.


degradation of host chromosome by virus

description: The catabolic breakdown of the DNA of a host chromosome by a virus. This occurs during infection of bacteria by some phages. It frees up a large pool of nucleoside 5'-triphophates for use in viral DNA synthesis.


name: symbiont-mediated evasion of DNA end degradation by host

description: A process by which a symbiont evades and ends degradation of its DNA when free DNA ends are exposed. DNA ends are exposed during the life cycle of some viruses and these are targeted by host cells to destroy the virus. For example, some bacteriophages encode proteins that bind to free viral DNA ends, protecting them from degradation by host exonucleases.


name: maintenance of protein localization at cell tip

description: Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the cell tip.


name: symbiont-mediated evasion of host restriction-modification system

description: A process by which a symbiont evades the DNA restriction modification system of its host. This process occurs in phages to protein themselves from bacterial restriction enzyme systems. Some viruses encode their own methyltransferase in order to protect their genome from host restriction enzymes. Others directly inhibit restriction enzymes while some use unusual bases in their genome to avoid restriction.


name: maintenance of protein localization at growing cell tip

description: Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the growing cell tip.


perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum.


cortical endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum.


vesicle tethering

description: The initial, indirect interaction between a vesicle membrane and a membrane to which it is targeted for fusion. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior to interaction between factors involved in fusion.


vesicle tethering complex

description: Any protein complex that plays a role in vesicle tethering.


plasma membrane invagination

description: An infolding of the plasma membrane.


ceramide floppase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the movement of ceramide from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


sphingolipid translocation

description: The movement of a sphingolipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


ceramide translocation

description: The movement of a ceramide molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


vesicle tethering to Golgi

description: The initial, indirect interaction between a transport vesicle membrane and the membrane of the Golgi. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior fusion.


name: cargo loading involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis

description: Formation of a macromolecular complex during clathrin-dependent endocytosis that connects the assembling clathrin coat to the proteins and/or lipoproteins to be transported in an endocytic vesicle. This complex includes a receptor and an adaptor protein that links the receptor to the clathrin coat.


name: vesicle tethering to endoplasmic reticulum

description: The initial, indirect interaction between a transport vesicle membrane and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior fusion.


viral extrusion

description: The process whereby a filamentous phage particle is released from a bacterial host cell via a concerted mechanism of assembly and secretion. Neosynthesized virions are coordinately exported as they are assembled at the cell surface in a secretory process that leaves the host cell fully viable. Non-capsid proteins form structures that facilitate translocation through the inner membrane and outer membranes. A viral single-stranded DNA binding protein coats progeny viral DNA molecules to generate the intracellular precursor for assembly of phage particles as they are extruded through the membranes of the bacterial host. The structural proteins of the virus are anchored in the inner membrane before their incorporation into the phage particle. As assembly proceeds, the phage genome traverses the inner and outer membranes until the entire DNA molecule has been coated and extruded.


name: clearance of foreign intracellular nucleic acids

description: A defense process that protects an organism from DNA or RNA from an invading organism.


clearance of foreign intracellular RNA

description: A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign RNA.


CRISPR-cas system

description: A defense response of that serves to clear host cells of foreign DNA and RNA. It has three distinct stage: acquisition of foreign DNA by integration into CRISPR loci in the host chromosome, CRISPR RNA (crRNA) biogenesis, and target interference. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, which describes the nature of the loci.


name: clathrin coat assembly involved in endocytosis

description: The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into a clathrin cage during endocytosis. Clathrin is recruited to the plasma membrane via interaction with scaffolding proteins that bridge between clathtin and cell surface receptors. Clathrin coat formation is concomittant with coated pit formation leading to endocytic vesicle formation.


vesicle scission

description: The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of a vesicle, leading to separation from its parent membrane. Vesicle scission involves the constriction of a neck-forming protein complex, consisting e.g. of dynamin, around the budded membrane, leading to vesicle closure during its separation from the parent membrane.


name: vesicle scission involved in endocytosis

description: The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of an endocytic vesicle: separation from the plasma membrane.


name: vesicle scission involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis

description: The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle: separation from the plasma membrane.


name: activating signal cointegrator 1 complex

description: A protein complex that contains TRIP4 (ASC1) and acts a transcriptional coactivator by interacting with transcription factors such as NF-kappa B. In humans this complex has 4 subunits: TRIP4 + ASCC1-3.


presynapse assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynapse.


postsynapse assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse.


name: synaptic vesicle tethering involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis

description: The initial, indirect interaction between a synaptic vesicle membrane and a the preseynaptic membrane active zone. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. This process is distinct from and prior to synaptic vesicle priming and fusion.


static microtubule bundle

description: A microtubule bundle that has a constant length, and in which microtubule sliding does not take place.


dynamic microtubule bundle

description: A microtubule bundle that undergoes changes in length, and in which microtubule sliding takes place.


name: regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels

description: Any process that regulates the the local concentration of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynaptic membrane.


mitochondrion-derived vesicle

description: A vesicle derived via budding from a mitochondrion. These vesicles often contain inner membrane and, much more rarely, cristae.


name: mitochondrion to lysosome vesicle-mediated transport

description: Vesicle-mediated transport of cargo from the mitochondrion to the lysosome, mediated by a mitochondrion-derived vesicle.


name: mitochondrion-derived vesicle mediated transport

description: Vesicle-mediated transport of cargo from the mitochondrion by a mitochondrion-derived vesicle.


name: mitochondrion to peroxisome vesicle-mediated transport

description: Vesicle-mediated transport of cargo from the mitochondrion to the peroxisome, mediated by a mitochondrion-derived vesicle.


histone-dependent DNA binding

description: DNA-binding activity that is dependent on binding to a histone.


BORC complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in positioning of the lysosome within the cytoplasm and which is composed of BLOC1S1, BLOC1S2, BORCS5, BORCS6, BORCS7, BORCS8, KXD1 and SNAPIN. The BORC complex recruits ARL8 at the cytosolic face of lysosomes and couples them to microtubule plus-end-directed kinesin motors.


actin body

description: An amorphous cytoskeletal structure consisting of aggregated actin filaments and associated proteins (including fibrin and capping protein) in which there is little or no actin filament turnover. In yeast (S. pombe and S. cerevisiae) these are found only in quiescent cells and are thought to serve as a reserve store of actin.


supramolecular complex

description: A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber.


supramolecular polymer

description: A polymeric supramolecular structure.


name: retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

description: Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide.


name: retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Modulation of synaptic transmission by cell-cell signaling across the synaptic cleft from postsynapse to presynapse, mediated by a neuropeptide.


description: A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic specialization, a structure that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane.


DIF dechlorinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one => 1-[(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one + Cl-.


synaptonemal structure

description: A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.


name: anterograde axonal transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

description: The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in axons, towards the presynapse.


name: axonal transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

description: The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in axons.


name: establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization to postsynapse

description: The directed movement of endoplasmic reticulum into a postsynaptic compartment such as a dendritic spine.


name: postsynaptic specialization, intracellular component

description: A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


name: postsynaptic density, intracellular component

description: A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane forming an electron dense disc. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


calcium export from the mitochondrion

description: A process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported out of the mitochondrial matrix, and into the cytosol.


name: ligand-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic cation by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: ligand-gated monoatomic anion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic anion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


vestibular calyx terminal

description: The giant, cup-shaped axon terminal of a vestibular afferent neuron, serving as a post-synaptic contact to a type I hair cell.


name: microtubule polymerization based movement

description: The movement of a cellular component as a result of microtubule polymerization.


name: G-protein gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: An ion channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.


name: G-protein gated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: A cation channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.


name: G-protein gated potassium channel activity

description: A potassium channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.


name: G-protein gated potassium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

description: Any G-protein gated potassium channel activity that is involved regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


channel activator activity

description: Direct interaction with a channel (binding or modification), resulting in its opening. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


potassium channel activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a potassium channel, resulting in its opening.


name: ion channel modulating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of an ion channel.


ion channel regulator activity

description: Modulates the activity of a channel via direct interaction with it. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


name: ion channel regulator activity involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: Modulation of the activity of an ion channel via direct interaction with it as part of G protein-coupled receptor signaling.


name: potassium channel activator activity involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: Activation potassium ion channel activity via direct interaction with a potassium ion channel during G protein-coupled receptor signaling.


name: potassium channel activating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds activation of a potassium ion channel.


name: microtubule polymerization based protein transport to cell tip cortex

description: The transport of a protein to the cortex of the cell tip, driven by polymerization of a microtubule to which the protein is attached.


microtubule-based transport

description: A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.


name: microtubule polymerization based protein transport

description: The transport of a protein driven by polymerization of a microtubule to which it is attached.


name: negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration

description: Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the presynaptic cytosol.


chromosome, subtelomeric region

description: A region of the chromosome, adjacent to the telomere (on the centromeric side) that contains repetitive DNA and sometimes genes. This region is usually heterochromatin.


tRNA 5'-end processing

description: The process in which the 5' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA.


name: protein transport along microtubule to cell tip

description: The movement of a protein along a microtubule to the cell-tip, mediated by motor proteins.


microtubule-based protein transport

description: A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of proteins.


socially cooperative development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a non-reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A non-reproductive fruiting body is a colonial multicellular structure consisting of co-operating unicellular organisms, some of which are spores. An example of such a process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum and Myxococcus xanthus colonies.


fungal sorus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fungal sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fungal sorus is a spore containing structure.


name: RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain binding

description: Binding to the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The CTD is comprised of repeats of a heptapeptide with the consensus sequence YSPTSPS. The number of repeats varies with the species and a minimum number of repeats is required for RNAP II function.


somato-dendritic dopamine secretion

description: The regulated release of dopamine from the somatodendritic compartment (cell body or dendrites) of a neuron.


axonal dopamine secretion

description: The regulated release of dopamine from an axon.


PAK family kinase-Sog2 complex

description: A protein kinase complex comprising a conserved PAK/GC/Ste20 family kinase, leucine rich repeat protein Sog2 family, which function as part of the cell shape network.


transforming growth factor beta complex

description: A protein complex acting as ligand of the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex, typically a homodimer of any of the TFGbeta isoforms. The precursor of TGFbeta proteins is cleaved into mature TGFbeta and the latency-associated peptide (LAP), which remains non-covalently linked to mature TGFbeta rendering it inactive. TGFbeta is activated by dimerization and dissociation of the LAP.


mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] assembly complex

description: A protein complex capable of forming 2Fe-2S clusters in mitochondria. In humans it consists of ISCU, NFS1, LYRM4, NDUFAB1 and FXN.


name: cochlear outer hair cell electromotile response

description: A rapid, force generating length change of an outer hair cell in response to electrical stimulation. This occurs naturally as during hearing where it serves a source of mechanical amplification.


estrogen binding

description: Binding to an estrogen.


chimeric sorocarp development

description: Development of a sorocarp formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.


chimeric colonial development

description: Development a structure consisting of multiple co-operating unicellular organisms of the same species, involving cells of more that one genotype.


name: chimeric non-reproductive fruiting body development

description: Development of a non-reproductive fruiting body formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.


name: altruistic, chimeric, non-reproductive fruiting body development

description: Development of a chimeric, non-reproductive fruiting body in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.


name: altruistic, chimeric sorocarp development

description: Development of a chimeric sorocarp in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.


name: cheating during chimeric sorocarp development

description: Any process during chimeric sorocarp development that increases by which a cell increases the number of spore cells sharing its genotype at the expense of cells of other genotypes.


name: presynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


cellular response to protozoan

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.


name: intracellularly ATP-gated ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane.


presynaptic actin cytoskeleton

description: The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse.


name: regulation of exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to postsynaptic membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor containing vesicles into the postsynaptic membrane.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic density membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic density membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


regulation of synaptic vesicle docking

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle docking.


name: regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynapse.


name: regulation of postsynaptic specialization assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic specialization assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic specialization.


name: regulation of postsynaptic density assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density.


name: regulation of neurotransmitter receptor transport, endosome to postsynaptic membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.


synaptic transmission, serotonergic

description: The vesicular release of serotonin from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of serotonin receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


serotonergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses serotonin as a neurotransmitter.


synaptic transmission, noradrenergic

description: The vesicular release of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of noradrenaline receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


cell-cell signaling via exosome

description: Cell-cell signaling in which the ligand is carried between cells by an exosome.


trans-synaptic signaling via exosome

description: Transynaptic signaling in which the ligand is carried across the synapse by an exosome.


name: regulation of recycling endosome localization within postsynapse

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport or maintenance of location of a postsynaptic recycling endosome within the postsynapse.


name: regulation of modification of postsynaptic structure

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of postsynaptic structure.


name: postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

description: The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse.


name: regulation of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis.


name: regulation of neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicles.


synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

description: Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by nitric oxide.


name: postsynaptic specialization membrane of symmetric synapse

description: The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization of a symmetric synapse. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


name: postsynaptic specialization of symmetric synapse, intracellular component

description: A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of a symmetric synapse. Its major components include that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. This structure is not as thick or electron dense as the postsynaptic density found in asymmetric synapses.


name: postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

description: Any process, acting in the postsynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission.


name: presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

description: Any process, acting in the presynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission.


presynapse organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynapse.


postsynapse organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynapse.


regulation of presynapse organization

description: Any process that modulates the physical form of a presynapse.


regulation of postsynapse organization

description: Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse.


name: regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by a trans-synaptic complex.


regulation of trans-synaptic signaling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling.


name: regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocanabinoid

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by an endocannabinoid.


name: regulation of synaptic membrane adhesion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adhesion between pre- and post-synaptic membranes.


zinc ion import into synaptic vesicle

description: The directed movement of Zn2+ ions from the cytoplasm into the lumen of a cytoplasmic vesicle.


structural constituent of presynapse

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynapse.


name: presynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

description: The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


name: structural constituent of postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton.


name: postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprised of intermediate filament and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic cytoskeleton.


structural constituent of postsynapse

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynapse.


presynaptic cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures and their associated proteins in the presynaptic cytoskeleton.


postsynaptic cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising cytoskeletal filaments and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic cytoskeleton.


description: The portion of the spectrin-associated cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


name: postsynaptic spectrin-associated cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of spectrin-associated cytoskeleton and associated proteins in the postsynapse.


trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) crossing the synaptic cleft.


name: cerebellar Golgi cell to granule cell synapse

description: A synapse formed by a cerebellar Golgi cell synapsing on to a cerebellar granule cell.


name: extrinsic component of synaptic membrane

description: The component of the synaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


caveola neck

description: A membrane microdomain that forms a necklace around the bulb (crater) of a caveola. Intramembrane particles are concentrated in this region and cytoskeletal components, including actin, are highly enriched in the area underlying it.


caveola bulb

description: The region of a caveola that extends into the cytoplasm, excluding the neck (rim). This region is associated with intracellular caveola proteins.


plant organ development

description: Development of a plant organ, a multi-tissue plant structure that forms a functional unit.


name: maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric

description: The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the telomeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.


name: mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric

description: The cell cycle process in which telomeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis.


vesicle fusion to plasma membrane

description: Fusion of the membrane of a vesicle with the plasma membrane, thereby releasing its contents into the extracellular space.


exocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an exocytic vesicle.


name: calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion

description: The regulatory process by which increased cytosolic calcium levels lead to the the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic active zone membrane by bringing primed synaptic vesicle membrane into contact with membrane presynaptic active zone membrane.


secretory vesicle

description: A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space.


synaptic vesicle cycle

description: A biological process in which synaptic vesicles are loaded with neurotransmitters, move to the active zone, exocytose and are then recycled via endocytosis, ultimately leading to reloading with neurotransmitters.


name: regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

description: Any process that modulates the potential difference across a presynaptic membrane.


name: synaptic vesicle transport along actin filament

description: The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along actin filaments within a cell, powered by molecular motors.


name: ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

description: Any ligand-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


name: voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

description: Voltage-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential. This is a key step in synaptic transmission, following the arrival of an action potential at the synapse.


name: regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.


name: calcium ion binding involved in regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: The directed change of cytosolic calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in cytosolic calcium concentrations.


name: voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of cytosolic calcium levels

description: Regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of a voltage-gated calcium ion channel.


supramolecular fiber

description: A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.


polymeric cytoskeletal fiber

description: A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits.


synaptic vesicle cytoskeletal transport

description: The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors.


actin filament-based transport

description: The transport of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along actin filaments.


name: synaptic vesicle transport along microtubule

description: The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors.


vesicle cytoskeletal trafficking

description: The directed movement of a vesicle along a cytoskeletal fiber such as a microtubule or and actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.


name: dense core granule cytoskeletal transport

description: The directed movement of dense core granules along cytoskeletal fibers, such as microtubules or actin filaments.


name: monoatomic ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

description: Any ion antiporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


name: ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

description: Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


cytosolic region

description: Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol.


presynaptic cytosol

description: The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the presynapse.


postsynaptic cytosol

description: The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the postsynapse.


name: presynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis

description: The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides and neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a membrane-bounced dense in response to increased presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels.


presynapse to nucleus signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the presynapse to the nucleus via cytoskeletal transport of a protein from a presynapse to the component to the nucleus where it affects biochemical processes that occur in the nucleus (e.g DNA transcription, mRNA splicing, or DNA/histone modifications).


name: postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the postsynapse to the nucleus via cytoskeletal transport of a protein from a postsynapse to the component to the nucleus where it affects biochemical processes that occur in the nucleus (e.g DNA transcription, mRNA splicing, or DNA/histone modifications).


name: G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity

description: Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

description: Neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is involved in regulating postsynaptic membrane potential, either directly (ionotropic receptors) or indirectly (e.g. via GPCR activation of an ion channel).


name: G protein-coupled receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

description: A G protein-coupled receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is part of a GPCR signaling pathway that positively regulates ion channel activity in the postsynaptic membrane.


name: presynaptic process involved in chemical synaptic transmission

description: The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission.


synaptic vesicle endosomal processing

description: The process in which synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic endosome followed by sorting of synaptic vesicle components and budding of new synaptic vesicles.


name: positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration

description: Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the presynaptic cytosol.


name: calcium ion binding involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: The directed change of presynaptic cytosolic free calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


synapse-associated extracellular matrix

description: The extracellular matrix of the perisynaptic space (the extracellular space adjacent to the synapse) and the synaptic cleft.


synaptic signaling

description: Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse.


trans-synaptic signaling

description: Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft.


synaptic signaling via neuropeptide

description: Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by a peptide.


neuropeptide secretion from presynapse

description: The secretion of neuropeptides contained within a dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the presynaptic membrane, stimulated by a rise in cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


trans-synaptic signaling by lipid

description: Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid

description: Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.


trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a soluble gas ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


perisynaptic space

description: The extracellular region immediately adjacent to to a synapse.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a trans-synaptic protein complex.


name: protein catabolic process, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any protein degradation process, occurring at a presynapse, that regulates synaptic transmission.


name: regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by nitric oxide.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by carbon monoxide.


name: trans-synaptic signaling, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of neuropeptide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by lipid, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of lipid molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of endocannabinoid ligands, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of gaseous molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of nitric oxide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of carbon monoxide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, mediated by transynaptic protein complexes, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


maintenance of synapse structure

description: A process that preserves the structural organistation and orientation of a synaptic cellular component such as the synaptic cytoskeleton and molecular scaffolds.


name: maintenance of alignment of postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone

description: The process by which alignment between postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone is maintained.


synaptic membrane adhesion

description: The attachment of presynaptic membrane to postsynaptic membrane via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.


name: synaptic membrane adhesion to extracellular matrix

description: The binding of a synaptic membrane to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


name: maintenance of postsynaptic density structure

description: A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins in the presynaptic density.


modification of synaptic structure

description: Any process that modifies the structure/morphology of a synapse.


name: modification of synaptic structure, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates synaptic transmission via modification of the structure of the synapse.


name: chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic

description: The part of synaptic transmission occurring in the post-synapse: a signal transduction pathway consisting of neurotransmitter receptor activation and its effects on postsynaptic membrane potential and the ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol.


name: regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.


name: calcium ion binding involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: The directed change of free calcium ion concentration in the postsynaptic cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


cytoplasmic region

description: Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm.


presynaptic cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse.


postsynaptic cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


postsynaptic specialization

description: A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


glutamatergic postsynaptic density

description: The post-synaptic specialization of a glutamatergic excitatory synapse.


name: regulation of protein catabolic process at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating protein degradation at the synapse.


name: regulation of protein catabolic process at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a presynapse.


name: regulation of protein catabolic process at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a postsynapse.


name: regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse.


name: regulation of translation at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the postsynapse.


name: G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

description: A G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


name: monoatomic ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

description: Any ion antiporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


name: ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

description: Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


name: neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: Any neurotransmitter receptor activity that is involved in regulating the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.


name: neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: Any neurotransmitter receptor activity that is involved in regulating the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.


name: release of sequestered calcium ion into presynaptic cytosol

description: The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the presynaptic cytosol.


name: release of sequestered calcium ion into postsynaptic cytosol

description: The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the postsynaptic cytosol.


name: inorganic ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of inorganic ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: positive regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration

description: Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the postsynaptic cytosol.


serotonin receptor activity

description: Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting a signal across a membrane by activating some effector activity. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


description: A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the internalization of a neurotransmitter receptor.


name: endocytosed synaptic vesicle processing via endosome

description: The process in which endocytosed synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic endosome followed by sorting of synaptic vesicle components and budding of new synaptic vesicles.


name: endocytosed synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion

description: Fusion of an endocytosed synaptic vesicle with an endosome.


name: regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector function such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.


name: neurotransmitter receptor regulator activity

description: A molecular function that directly (via physical interaction or direct modification) activates, inhibits or otherwise modulates the activity of a neurotransmitter receptor. Modulation of activity includes changes in desensitization rate, ligand affinity, ion selectivity and pore-opening/closing.


ligand-gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ions by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: regulation of action potential firing rate

description: Any process that regulates the frequency of action potentials in a spike train.


name: microtubule plus-end directed mitotic chromosome migration

description: The cell cycle process in which chromosomes that are laterally attached to one or more mitotic spindle microtubules migrate towards the spindle equator via plus-end-directed movement along the microtubules. This process is part of mitotic metaphase plate congression.


name: lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

description: The cellular process in which sister chromatids become laterally attached to spindle microtubules as part of mitotic metaphase plate congression. Attachment precedes migration along microtubules towards the spindle equator (metaphase plate).


name: regulation of action potential firing pattern

description: Any process that regulates the temporal pattern of a sequence of action potentials in a neuron.


microtubule lateral binding

description: Binding to the side of a microtubule.


action potential initiation

description: The initiating cycle of an action potential. In vertebrate neurons this typically occurs at an axon hillock. Not all initiated axon potentials propagate.


name: regulation of action potential firing threshold

description: Any process that regulates the potential at which an axon potential is triggered.


protein localization to axon

description: A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within an axon.


protein localization to cell wall

description: The process of directing proteins towards the cell-wall.


protein localization to spore cell wall

description: A process in which a protein is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a spore cell wall.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyruvate = alpha-ketoglutarate + D-lactate, with FAD functioning as an intermediate hydrogen acceptor.


name: extrinsic component of matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane

description: The component of the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the mitochondrial inner membrane that faces the matrix.


name: UDP-glucuronic acid dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + NAD+ = UDP-beta-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + CO2 + NADH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose + 2-oxoglutarate = UDP-beta-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + L-glutamate.


name: undecaprenyl-phosphate 4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UDP + 4-deoxy-4-formamido-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate.


name: cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

description: The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a change in membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a cardiomyocyte.


name: atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

description: The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of an atrial cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


name: ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

description: The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


name: voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

description: Regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels.


neurotransmitter receptor cycle

description: The process during which neurotransmitter receptors, anchored in some region of the synaptic membrane, are recycled via the endosome. This cycle includes release from anchoring, diffusion in the synaptic membrane to an endocytic region, endocytosis, transport to the endosome, recycling in the endosome, transport back the synaptic membrane and subsequent anchoring (trapping).


name: neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

description: The process by which diffusing neurotransmitter receptor becomes trapped in region of the plasma membrane.


name: postsynaptic specialization of symmetric synapse

description: A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of a symmetric synapse, consisting of anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components that spatially and functionally organize the neurotransmitter receptors at the synapse. This structure is not as thick or electron dense as the postsynaptic densities found in asymmetric synapses.


name: postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor cycle

description: The process during which neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic specialization membrane are recycled via the endosome. This cycle includes release from anchoring (trapping), diffusion in the synaptic membrane to the postsynaptic endocytic region, endocytosis, transport to the endosome, recycling in the endosome, transport back the synaptic membrane and subsequent trapping in the postsynaptic specialization membrane.


name: postsynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component

description: The cytoplasmic component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone.


name: protein transport within plasma membrane

description: A process in which protein is transported from one region of the plasma membrane to another.


name: protein localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. post synaptic density).


postsynaptic specialization membrane

description: The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


name: voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

description: Positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels. This is the first step in synaptic transmission.


cytoplasmic streaming

description: The directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and the organelles it contains.


neurotransmitter receptor transport

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptors.


name: endosome to plasma membrane protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins from the endosome to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.


name: neurotransmitter receptor transport, endosome to plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the endosome to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.


axo-dendritic protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins along microtubules in neuron projections.


anterograde axonal protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.


retrograde axonal protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.


signal release from synapse

description: Any signal release from a synapse.


name: protein localization to presynaptic membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynaptic membrane.


name: neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

description: A process in which a neurotransmitter is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. postsynaptic density).


name: neurotransmitter receptor transport, plasma membrane to endosome

description: Vesicle-mediated transport of a neurotransmitter receptor vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome.


name: induction of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: The induction of synaptic vesicle release by any process that leads to a rise in intracellular calcium ion concentration at the presynapse. This is the first step in synaptic transmission.


cell cortex region

description: The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane.


name: regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by action potential

description: Any action potential process that regulates skeletal muscle contraction.


name: regulation of fever generation by prostaglandin biosynthetic process

description: Any prostaglandin biosynthetic process process that regulates fever generation.


name: regulation of fever generation by prostaglandin secretion

description: Any prostaglandin secretion process that regulates fever generation.


name: positive regulation of fever generation by prostaglandin biosynthetic process

description: Any prostaglandin biosynthetic process process that positively_regulates fever generation.


name: positive regulation of fever generation by prostaglandin secretion

description: Any prostaglandin secretion process that positively_regulates fever generation.


ficolin-1-rich granule

description: Highly exocytosable gelatinase-poor granules found in neutrophils and rich in ficolin-1. Ficolin-1 is released from neutrophil granules by stimulation with fMLP or PMA, and the majority becomes associated with the surface membrane of the cells and can be detected by flow cytometry.


ficolin-1-rich granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a ficolin-1-rich granule.


cytolytic granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the cytolytic granule.


deubiquitinase activity

description: An isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


protein histidine phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein histidine phosphate + H2O = protein histidine + phosphate.


pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

description: The reorganization or renovation of existing pulmonary blood vessels.


name: mechanosensitive voltage-gated sodium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel whose activity is modulated in response to mechanical stress. Response to mechanical stress and voltage gating together is different than the sum of individual responses. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: [isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [isocitrate dehydrogenase] phosphate + H2O = [isocitrate dehydrogenase] + phosphate.


FMN-binding domain binding

description: Binding to the FMN-binding domain of a protein.


name: regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from late origin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of firing from a late origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.


name: negative regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from late origin

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of firing from a late origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.


nucleolar exosome (RNase complex)

description: A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime distributive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity and in some taxa (e.g. yeast) endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: estrogen + donor-H2 + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxyestrogen + H2O.


estrogen 2-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: estrogen + donor-H2 + O2 = 2-hydroxyestrogen + H2O.


vascular endothelial cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


mitotic nuclear membrane organization

description: A mitotic cell cycle process which results in the assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane during mitosis.


nuclear membrane biogenesis

description: The process in which a nuclear membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.


mitotic nuclear membrane biogenesis

description: A process in which the nuclear inner or outer membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together during mitotic nuclear division.


optical nerve axon regeneration

description: The regrowth of axons of the optical nerve following their loss or damage.


tRNA-guanine transglycosylation

description: The modification of a tRNA anticodon loop by replacing guanine with queuonine. Reaction is tRNA guanine + queuine = tRNA queuine + guanine.


protein folding chaperone complex

description: A protein complex required for the non-covalent folding or unfolding, maturation, stabilization or assembly or disassembly of macromolecular structures. Usually active during or immediately after completion of translation. Many chaperone complexes contain heat shock proteins.


name: isoleucine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ = (E)-2-methylbutanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.


name: valine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ = (E)-2-methylpropanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.


acyl-lipid (11-3)-desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an (11Z,14Z)-icosadienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = an (8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatrienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O or an (11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatrienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = an (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone = H+ + an N-acyl-L-homoserine.


proline dipeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a dipeptide with proline at the C-terminal = L-proline + a standard alpha amino acid.


name: ATPase-coupled L-glutamate tranmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-glutamate(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate(in).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + beta-D-galactoside + H2O = ADP(3-) + hydrogenphosphate + beta-D-galactoside + H+.


name: ABC-type thiosulfate transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiosulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + thiosulfate(in).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinol-8 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinol-8 + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: cystathionine gamma-synthase activity (acts on O-phosphohomoserine)

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O-phosphonato-L-homoserine = L-cystathionine + hydrogenphosphate.


name: D-lactate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + an ubiquinone = pyruvate + an ubiquinol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-ManNAcA-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc-1-diphospho-ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol = H+ + alpha-D-FucNAc4-(1->4)-beta-D-ManNAcA-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-undecaprenyl diphosphate + dTDP.


name: long-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl-long-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylpropenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


name: methyltetrahydrofolate:corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a tetrahydrofolate + a [methyl-Co(III) corrinoid Fe-S protein] = an N5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate + a [Co(I) corrinoid Fe-S protein].


4-nitrotoluene monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 4-nitrotoluene + NADH + O2 = 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol + NAD+ + H2O.


4-nitrobenzyl alcohol oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol + O2 = 4-nitrobenzaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


NADH-dependent peroxiredoxin activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroperoxide + H+ + NADH = an alcohol + H2O + NAD+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate = N-[(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl]-4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aniline 5'-phosphate + diphosphoric acid.


dehydroquinate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-2,3,7-trideoxy-D-lyxo-hept-6-ulosonic acid + H2O + NAD = 3-dehydroquinate + ammonium + NADH + H+.


isopentenyl phosphate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: isopentenyl phosphate(2-) + ATP(4-) = isopentenyl diphosphate(3-) + ADP(3-).


3-chlorobenzoate-4,5-oxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-4,5-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


3-chlorobenzoate-3,4-oxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-3,4-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dichlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 3,4-dichlorobenzoate-cis-4,5-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + glycine + ATP(4-) = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-glycine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-methionine + ATP(4-) = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-methionine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tyrosine + ATP(4-) = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tyrosine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tryptophan + ATP(4-) = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tryptophan + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-proline + ATP(4-) = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-proline + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


maleylpyruvate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate(2-) + H2O = H+ + maleate(2-) + pyruvate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + a 12-hydroxyjasmonate = adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + a 12-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate = adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate.


name: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate = 2 diphosphate + (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-endo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphoric acid.


endo-beta-bergamotene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-endo-beta-bergamotene + diphosphoric acid.


alpha-santalene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-alpha-santalene + diphosphoric acid.


beta-curcumene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) = diphosphoric acid + (-)-beta-curcumene.


gamma-curcumene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = gamma-curcumene + diphosphoric acid.


patchoulene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphoric acid + gamma-patchoulene.


alpha-patchoulene synthase activityy

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphoric acid + alpha-patchoulene.


name: geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + 3 NADP = 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 3 NADPH + 3 H+.


alpha-humulene 10-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 10-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NADP + H2O.


zerumbone synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NAD = zerumbone + NADH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxystearate + H2O = 9,10,18-trihydroxystearate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O2 = 10'-apo-beta-carotenal + beta-ionone.


name: phenylacetyl-coenzyme A:glycine N-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + glycine = H+ + phenylacetylglycine + coenzyme A.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: homotaurine + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) = 3-sulfopropanal + L-glutamate(1-).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-demethylrebeccamycin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + rebeccamycin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


7,8-dihydromonapterin aldolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin = glycolaldehyde + 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-4-ol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + L-glutamate + ATP = H+ + p-aminobenzoyl glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + L-glutamate(1-) + ATP = H+ + N-vanillate-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + L-glutamate + ATP = H+ + N-benzoyl-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + L-glutamate + ATP = H+ + N-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


dehydroscoulerine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + O2 = dehydroscoulerine + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


adrenaline O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-adrenaline(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = metanephrine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = an 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


name: acrylate:acyl-coA CoA transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + H2O = acrylate + coenzyme A + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a demethylmenaquinol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a menaquinol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-mannose + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-trans,octacis-decaprenol = dTDP(3-) + alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-1-diphospho-trans,octacis-decaprenol + H+.


name: (22S)-22-hydroxy-5alpha-campestan-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone + NADP + H2O.


D-galacturonate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactonate + NADP = aldehydo-D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+.


name: FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione + NADH + H+ + O2 = 5-hydroxyisouric acid + NAD + H2O.


mycothiol-arsenate ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + mycothiol = mycothiol-arsenate conjugate + H2O.


homocarnosine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid + L-histidine + ATP = H+ + homocarnosine + ADP + hydrogenphosphate.


demethoxycurcumin synthase

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O = bisdemethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA + H2O = demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


name: demethoxycurcumin synthase activity from feruloylacetyl-CoA

description: Catalysis of the reaction: feruloylacetyl-CoA + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O = demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


curcumin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: feruloylacetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA(4-) + H2O = curcumin + 2 coenzyme A(4-) + carbon dioxide.


name: tricaffeoyl spermidine O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: tricaffeoyl spermidine + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + triferuloyl spermidine + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: gibberellin A20,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A29 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


name: peptidoglycan asparagine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(beta-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ammonium + ATP = H+ + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(beta-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


name: gibberellin A9 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A9 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = gibberellin A9 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: gibberellin A4 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A4 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = gibberellin A4 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: gibberellin A20 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = gibberellin A20 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ceramidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a ceramide = a sphingoid base + a fatty acid.


name: gibberellin A34 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A34 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = gibberellin A34 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: gibberellin A4 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A4 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H = 16alpha,17-epoxy gibberellin A4 + H2O + NAD(P).


name: gibberellin A12 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H = 16alpha, 17-epoxy gibberellin A12 + H2O + NAD(P).


name: gibberellin A9 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A9 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H = 16alpha, 17-epoxy gibberellin A9 + H2O + NAD(P).


name: coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + O2 = 5-hydroxy-coniferaldehyde + NADP + H2O.


8-oxoguanine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine + H2O = 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione + ammonium.


chalcone synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-dihydrocoumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ = phloretin + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


malonyl-CoA methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a malonyl-[acp] = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a malonyl-[acp] methyl ester.


limonene hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + O2 + NADH + H+ = (4R)-perillyl alcohol + NAD + H2O.


name: (22S)-22-hydroxy-campesterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + NADPH + O2 = (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxycampesterol + NADP + H2O.


name: (22S)-22-hydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + O2 = (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one + NADP + H2O.


7-oxateasterone synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + teasterone + NADPH + O2 = 7-oxateasterone + NADP + H2O.


7-oxatyphasterol synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + typhasterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-oxatyphasterol + NADP + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-6-(2-aminophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = H+ + anthranilate + (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.


heparan sulfate N-deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [heparan sulfate]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = acetate + H+ + [heparan sulfate]-alpha-D-glucosamine.


name: [chondroitin sulfate]-D-glucuronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + [chondroitin-sulfate]-beta-D-glucuronate = adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + [chondroitin-sulfate]-2-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucuronate.


name: [dermatan sulfate]-L-iduronyl 2-Osulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + [dermatan]-alpha-L-iduronate = adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + [dermatan-sulfate]-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronate.


name: carboxynorspermidine dehydrogenase I activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: carboxynorspermidine + NADP + H2O = L-aspartic acid 4-semialdehyde betaine + trimethylenediaminium + NADPH + H+.


name: carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase II activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: carboxyspermidine + H2O + NADP = L-aspartic acid 4-semialdehyde betaine + 1,4-butanediammonium + NADPH + H+.


(3R)-(E)-nerolidol synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = (3R,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphoric acid.


tricetin O-methytransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: tricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3'-O-methyltricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: 3'-O-methyltricetin O methyl transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-O-methyltricetin = H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosalaminyl-[glycan] = N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine + a glycan.


farnesylcysteine lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O = (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesal + L-cysteine + hydrogen peroxide.


3-oxo-myristate decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-myristate + H+ = 2-tridecanone + carbon dioxide.


Delta12-linoleate epoxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + NADPH + O2 = 1-palmitoyl-2-vernoloyl-phosphatidylcholine + NADP + H2O.


name: 8C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 8C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + 2 H+.


S-sulfolactate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfonatolactate + NAD = 3-sulfonatopyruvate(2-) + NADH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-sulfopropanediol(1-) + NAD = 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-propane-1-sulfonate + NADH + H+.


name: very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = H2O + a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA. This reaction is the third (dehydration) step of the four-step fatty acid elongation cycle in the endoplasmic reticulum that extends fatty acids of C-16 or longer with an additional 2-C unit.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + baicalein = H+ + UDP + baicalin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H+ + cyanidin 3-O-beta-(2-O-beta-D-glucuronosyl)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


name: copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: copal-8-ol diphosphate = 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8'-al + O2 = all-trans-retinal + 2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial.


name: 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptyl-4-quinolone + NADH + O2 + H+ = 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone + NAD + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol = (3Z)-hex-3-en-1-yl acetate + coenzyme A.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: phenazine-1-carboxylate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pyocyanin hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylate + NADH + O2 + 2 H+ = pyocyanin + NAD + carbon dioxide + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-5-epi-aristolochene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 = capsidiol + 2 NADP + 2 H2O.


DMNT synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (3S,6E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 = (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene + buten-2-one + NADP + 2 H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-hydroxymethyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 + H+ = 4alpha-formyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NAD + 2 H2O.


name: 24-methylenecycloartanol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylenecycloartanol + NADH + O2 + H+ = 4alpha-hydroxymethyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 = 4alpha-carboxy-4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD+ = a 3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADH.


name: 24-methylenelophenol methyl oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylenelophenol + O2 + NADH + H+ = 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH = 4alpha-carboxy-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


name: 24-ethylidenelophenol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 24-ethylidenelophenol + NADH + O2 + H+ = 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 + H+ = 4alpha-formyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + 2 H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 = 4alpha-carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD = avenastenone + NADH + carbon dioxide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3-one + NADH(2-) + carbon dioxide.


protein-ribulosamine 3-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-ribulosyl-L-lysine = ADP + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-ribulosyl)-L-lysine.


protein-fructosamine 3-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-fructosyl-L-lysine = ADP + H+ + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-fructosyl)-L-lysine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate + D-lysinium(1+) + ATP = UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-D-lysine + ADP + hydrogenphosphate + H+.


cortisol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cortisol + NADP = cortisone + NADPH + H+.


name: vinylacetate caboxylester hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: but-3-enoate + H2O = allyl alcohol + formate.


name: L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NAD+ = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADH + H+.


name: nitric oxide reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dinitrogen oxide + H2O + NAD(P) = 2 nitric oxide + H+ + NAD(P)H.


(+)-2-epi-prezizaene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-2-epi-prezizaene + diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 3-(all-trans-polyrenyl)benzene-1,2-diol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-polyprenyl)phenol.


trans-permethrin hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-trans-permethrin + H2O = H+ + (3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol + (1S,3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.


rhamnogalacturonan endolyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a rhamnogalacturonan type I = [rhamnogalacturonan I oligosaccharide]-alpha-L-rhamnose + 4-deoxy-4,5-unsaturated D-galactopyranosyluronate-[rhamnogalacturonan I oligosaccharide].


name: unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-O-(4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose(1-) + H2O = (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.


name: unsaturated chondroitin disaccharide hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-4-deoxy-Delta(4)-GlcpA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc6S + H2O = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate.


name: in-chain hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + ATP + an in-chain hydroxy fatty acid = diphosphoric acid + AMP + a in-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA.


name: omega-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + ATP + an omega-hydroxy fatty acid = diphosphoric acid + AMP + a omega-hydroxyacyl-CoA.


thiocyanate methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: thiocyanate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = methyl thiocyanate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


maltodextrin water dikinase

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a maltodextrin = AMP + hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin.


name: 6-phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + n H2O + a 6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin = n AMP + n hydrogenphosphate + a poly-6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin.


starch, H2O dikinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + n H2O + starch = n AMP + n hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-amylopectin.


name: phosphogluco-amylopectin water dikinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + n H2O + a 6-phosphogluco-amylopectin = n AMP + n hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-3-phosphogluco-amylopectin.


hydrogenase activity (NAD+, ferredoxin)

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dihydrogen + NAD + 2 an oxidized ferredoxin = NADH + 3 H+ + 2 a reduced ferredoxin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4 H+ + 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = 4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2. This reaction consists of three successive dehydrogenations that lead to the introduction of three double bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-diapophytofluene, 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene and 4,4'-diapolycopene as intermediates, and 4,4'-diapolycopene as the end product.