name: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H+ + NADH.


name: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: NADP+ + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host-directed shutoff of host translation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the host shutoff of host translation, a host response that prevents mRNA in the cell to be translated, to prevent the symbiont from expressing its genes. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host translation elongation

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the translation elongation of host mRNA into protein, for example by directly inhibiting elongation factors. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cAMP/PKA signal transduction

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) by adenylate cyclase (either transmembrane or soluble), which activates protein kinase A, and ends with activation of downstream effectors such as the transcription factor CREB that further transmit the signal within the cell.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host exocytosis

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of  host exocytosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host phagosome maturation

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal maturation of host phagosomes. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host phagosome acidification

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal acidification of host phagosomes. Mechanisms by which a symbiont prevents host phagosome acidification include the inhibitition of host V-ATPase, the proton pump that acidifies the phagosome, or disruption of the phagosome membrane by pore-forming toxin. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host phagosome

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of host phagosomes.


name: regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP/PKA signal transduction.


name: negative regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP/PKA signal transduction.


name: positive regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP/PKA signal transduction.


mitochondrial protein quality control

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the mitochondrion, which are targeted for degradation.


name: glucosinolate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a glucosinolate across a membrane.


name: chromosomal 5-methylcytosine DNA demethylation pathway

description: A process that chemically modifies 5-methylcytosine (5meC) to make it a substrate for the base excision repair pathway, which then restores the unmodified cytosine.


name: chromosomal 5-methylcytosine DNA demethylation, oxidation pathway

description: An epigenetic cytosine DNA demethylation pathway that starts with the enzymatic oxidation of the 5-methylcytosine (5meC) to generate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which successively converted to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC).  A DNA glycosylase (e. g. TDG) recognizes the  intermediate bases 5fC and 5caC and excises the modified base to initiate its replacement with unmethylated cytosine through base excision repair.


name: chromosomal 5-methylcytosine DNA demethylation, oxidative deamination pathway

description: An epigenetic cytosine DNA demethylation pathway that includes a deamination step to produce either a thymine (T), or a 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU), if the 5meC had first been converted to 5hmC. A DNA glycosylase (e. g. TDG) recognizes the T mispaired with a G or the 5hmC and excises the modified base to initiate its replacement with unmethylated cytosine through base excision repair.


name: chromosomal 5-methylcytosine DNA demethylation, direct 5-methylcytosine excision pathway

description: An epigenetic cytosine DNA demethylation pathway that involves a DNA glycosylase that directly excises 5-methylcytosine (5-meC) to initiate its replacement with unmethylated cytosine through base excision repair. This pathway is known to occur in plants. In addition to CG sites, plants also methylate cytosines within CHH and CNG sequences.


description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of positive regulation of 5-methylcytosine DNA demethylation, direct 5-methylcytosine excision pathway.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host membrane

description: The process in which a symbiont effects a change that impairs the structure or function of a host membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling

description: A process by which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling in the host organism, either by disruption of production, sequesteration, or destruction of at least one component of the signaling pathway. Pro-inflammatory cytokines include: IL-1, IL-12, IL-18, TNF, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling

description: A process by which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling in the host organism, either by disruption of production, sequesteration, or destruction of at least one component of the signaling pathway.  Anti-inflammatory cytokines include: interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


receptor clustering activity

description: A protein-protein adaptor that acts as a platform for receptor clustering, often serving to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.


name: gene silencing by piRNA-directed DNA methylation

description: A small RNA-based gene silencing process in which Piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs) guide de novo DNA methylation. This results in a heterochromatin assembly, a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


name: symbiont-mediated evasion of recognition by host innate immune effector

description: A process by which a symbiont mitigates the effects of recognition by a host innate immune effector. Effectors have a direct activity against a symbiont and include complement, antimicrobial peptides, and bacterial restriction enzymes. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated evasion of recognition by host complement

description: A process by which a symbiont avoids the effects of recognition by host  complement by altering molecules on the symbiont surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated evasion of recognition by host antimicrobial peptide

description: A process by which a symbiont avoids the effects of recognition by a host  antimicrobial peptide by altering molecules on the symbiont surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: dsDNA-RNA triple helix-forming chromatin adaptor activity

description: A chromatin-protein adaptor activity that bridges dsDNA and chromatin proteins to bring regions of a chromosome in proximity. The DNA:DNA:RNA triple-helical structure is formed non-Watson-Crick base-pairing.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling

description: A process in which a symbiont subverts an anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation.


UFM1-modified protein reader activity

description: A molecular adaptor recognizes and binds a target protein containing a UFM1 modification and brings the target protein into contact with another protein to allow those proteins to function in a coordinated way.


nucleic acid biosynthetic process

description: The biosynthetic process resulting in the formation of a nucleic acid.


nucleic acid catabolic process

description: The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of a nucleic acid.


name: transducin-mediated opsin signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that starts with an opsin molecule being activated by a photon. Opsins include rhodopsin and others visual receptors bind heterotrimeric transducin G proteins upon activation. Activated transducin alpha-subunit activates cGMP phosphodiesterase, which breaks down cGMP. The decrease in cGMP concentration leads to closure of cGMP-gated (CNG) channels, blockage of Na+ influx, and hyperpolarization of photoreceptor plasma membrane, leading to transmission of signal through synapses. The signal is terminated by phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail of rhodopsin by rhodopsin kinase to allow arrestin to bind and block G protein binding. Typical examples are rhabdomeric photoreceptors in the eyes of deuterostomes.


name: negative regulation of HRI-mediated signaling

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of HRI-mediated signaling.


name: ATP:ATP adenylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + H+ = diphosphate + P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate.


name: nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a signaling molecule binding to an intracellular receptor of the nuclear receptor protein family, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


description: The formation of heterochromatin into a heterochromatin domain by a process mediated by a small interfering siRNA.


name: retrotransposon silencing by piRNA-directed DNA methylation

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism mediated by Piwi-associated RNA (piRNA)-directed DNA methylation. This results in a heterochromatin assembly, a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


name: 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate synthase activity (flavodoxin)

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate + 2 H+ + H2O + oxidized [flavodoxin] = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate + reduced [flavodoxin].


protein branched polyubiquitination

description: A protein ubiquitination process in which ubiquitin monomers are attached to a protein, and then ubiquitin polymers are formed by linkages between lysine residues at various positions of the ubiquitin monomers, forming branched linkages, such as K11/K48- or K11/K63-linked chains.


name: GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from glucose

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from glucose.


UTP thiamine diphosphokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + thiamine = UMP + thiamine diphosphate.


pyroptotic cell death

description: A inflammatory cell death process associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators that result from the activation of gasdermins.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host complement activation by activation of host proteases

description: A process by which a symbiont prevents host complement activation by recruiting host proteases, destroying the complement before it has its effect on the symbiont.


name: dipeptide transmembrane transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol

description: The directed movement of dipeptide from the lysosomal lumen across the lysosomal membrane and into the cytosol.


name: peptide lactyltransferase (ATP-dependent) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: lactate + ATP + L-lysyl-[protein] = N(6)-lactoyl-L-lysyl-[protein]+ AMP + diphosphate. Can also act on free lactate.


protein lysine delactylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-lactoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD = L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide +2''-O-lactoyl-ADP-D-ribose, removing a lactoyl group attached to a lysine residue in a protein.


oxysterol receptor signaling pathway

description: A nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway initiated by an oxysterol binding to an intracellular receptor of the nuclear receptor protein family, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


primary dendrite

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A dendrite emerging from the cell body (the soma) of a neuron.


distal dendrite

description: The dendrite of the dendritic tree that is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).


name: regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous synaptic transmission.


dendritic spine origin

description: The part of the dendritic spine neck where the spine arises from the dendritic shaft.


enzyme activator complex

description: A protein complex capable of activating an enzyme. Activating subunits may dissociate from the catalytic unit before the enzyme is active.


urease activator complex

description: A protein complex required for the activation of urease. Activator subunits dissociate before urease has catalytic function.


name: clathrin-dependent synaptic vesicle endocytosis

description: Clathrin-dependent endocytosis of presynaptic membrane regions comprising synaptic vesicles' membrane constituents. This is a relatively slow process occurring in the range of tens of seconds.


bulk synaptic vesicle endocytosis

description: Endocytosis of large regions of presynaptic membrane after intense stimulation-mediated fusion of multiple synaptic vesicles. Bulk endocytosis is triggered by high loads of membrane addition through exocytosis of synaptic vesicles and elevated concentration of calcium in the presynapse.


name: regulation of neuron projection arborization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches.


name: positive regulation of neuron projection arborization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches.


name: negative regulation of neuron projection arborization

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches.


apical distal dendrite

description: Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the apical pole of a neuron, and which is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).


apical proximal dendrite

description: The dendrite of the dendritic tree, which emerges near the apical pole of a neuron, and which is the closest to the cell body of the neuron (the soma).


basal distal dendrite

description: Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the basal pole of a neuron (e.g. in bipolar neurons, basal dendrites are either on the same side of the soma as the axon, or project toward the axon), and which is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).


basal proximal dendrite

description: Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the basal pole of a neuron (e.g. in bipolar neurons, basal dendrites are either on the same side of the soma as the axon, or project toward the axon), and which is the closest to the cell body of the neuron (the soma).


basal dendrite development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a basal dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


basal dendrite morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a basal dendrite are generated and organized.


basal dendrite arborization

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the basal neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.


apical dendrite morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of an apical dendrite are generated and organized.


apical dendrite development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an apical dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


apical dendrite arborization

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the apical neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.


name: oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

description: The process in which an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


name: oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

description: Combining with an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.


name: regulation of protein localization to lysosome

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to lysosome.


name: positive regulation of protein localization to lysosome

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to lysosome.


name: negative regulation of protein localization to lysosome

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to lysosome.


distal axon

description: That part of an axon close to and including the growth cone or the axon terminus.


name: regulation of trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission.


name: regulation of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission.


name: regulation of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion.


name: postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis

description: The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a postsynaptic dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of the postsynapse in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.


name: structural constituent of synapse-associated extracellular matrix

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix of the perisynaptic space (the extracellular space adjacent to the synapse) and the synaptic cleft.


name: regulation of postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis.


name: regulation of synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic signaling by nitric oxide.


name: G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

description: G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


name: cerebellar granule cell to Purkinje cell synapse

description: A synapse of a granule cell fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum.


postsynaptic septin cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the septin cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


postsynaptic Golgi apparatus

description: The network of the Golgi apparatus structures located within the postsynapse.


regulation of postsynapse assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse.


name: cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse

description: A synapse of a climbing fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum. The climbing fiber originates from the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata.


name: regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping.


amylin receptor complex 1

description: A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1. Amylin receptor complex 1 (AMY1) also serves as a receptor for the calcitonin related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


amylin receptor complex 2

description: A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 2. Amylin receptor complex 2 (AMY2) also serves as a receptor for adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


amylin receptor complex 3

description: A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 3. Amylin receptor complex 3 (AMY3) also serves as a receptor for the amyloid-beta complex. Ligand binding to AMY3 results in increased cytosolic calcium ion levels and in activation on multiple intracellular signaling pathways.


amylin receptor 1 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 1 (AMY1), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. Other ligands that have been shown to initiate the AMY1 signaling pathway include the calcitonin related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


amylin receptor 2 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 2 (AMY2), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. The AMY2 signaling pathway can also be initiated by adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


amylin receptor 3 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 3 (AMY3), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. The AMY3 signaling pathway can also be initiated by the amyloid-beta complex. AMY3 signaling results in increased import of calcium ions into the cytosol across plasma membrane, increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Act, and a PKA regulatory subunit II, as well as increased expression of cFos.


complement-mediated synapse pruning

description: Synaptic pruning mediated by complement system signaling.


visual system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visual system over time, from its formation to the mature structure, including the eye, parts of the central nervous system (CNS) involved in processing of visual inputs, and connecting nerve pathways.


vertebrate eye-specific patterning

description: Early postnatal vertebrate developmental process, during which axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), transmitting overlapping inputs from both eyes, segregate into distinct eye-specific non-overlapping regions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus.


regulation of deacetylase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity.


name: negative regulation of deacetylase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity.


name: regulation of tubulin deacetylase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylase activity.


name: positive regulation of tubulin deacetylase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylase activity.


name: negative regulation of tubulin deacetylase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylase activity.


regulation of arginase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


name: negative regulation of arginase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


name: positive regulation of arginase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


name: regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


name: positive regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


name: negative regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


neuroinflammatory response

description: The immediate defensive reaction by neural vertebrate tissue to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


name: regulation of neuroinflammatory response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


name: positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


name: negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


multiple synapse bouton

description: A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding either from a single dendrite or from multiple dendrites.


name: multiple synapse bouton, contacting single dendrite

description: A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding from the same dendrite.


name: multiple synapse bouton, contacting multiple dendrites

description: A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding from multiple dendrites.


multiple spine synapse organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and one or more dendritic spines.


name: multiple spine synapse organization, single dendrite

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and a single dendrite.


name: multiple spine synapse organization, multiple dendrites

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and two or more dendritic spines protruding either from a single dendrite or from multiple dendrites.


regulation of synaptic scaling

description: A process that modulates synaptic scaling. Synaptic scaling is a form of synaptic plasticity, which entails uniform adjustments in the strength of all synapses on a cell in response to prolonged changes in the electrical activity of the cell.


amyloid-beta clearance by transcytosis

description: The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by cell surface receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier.


name: amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process

description: The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by cell surface receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by intracellular degradation.


glial cell-neuron signaling

description: Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a glial cell to a neuron. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules, depending on which glial cells release them, and in which tissues the signaling occurs, e.g. microglial cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) in the retina, or microglial cell-derived superoxide ions in the cerebellum.


neuron-glial cell signaling

description: Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a neuron to a glial cell. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules released by different types of neurons, e.g. glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, acetylcholine, dopamine and adenosine.


name: regulation of microtubule anchoring at centrosome

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule anchoring at centrosome.


name: negative regulation of monocyte activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte activation.


reactive gliosis

description: A neuroinflammatory response, occurring over several days, during which glial cells undergo nonspecific reactive changes in response to damage to the central nervous system (CNS); typically involves the proliferation or hypertrophy of different types of glial cells.


transport across blood-brain barrier

description: The directed movement of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) through the blood-brain barrier.


name: protein localization to cell-cell junction

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained, in a location within a cell-cell junction.


name: regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction.


name: positive regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction.


regulation of transepithelial transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial transport.


cell-substrate junction organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-substrate junction. A cell-substrate junction is a specialized region of connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


name: regulation of cell-substrate junction organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization.


name: positive regulation of cell-substrate junction organization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization.


name: negative regulation of cell-substrate junction organization

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization.


name: negative regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction.


regulation of interleukin-33 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-33 production.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-33 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-33 production.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-33 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-33 production.


regulation of interleukin-37 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-37 production.


interleukin-37 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-37 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-37 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-37 production.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-37 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-37 production.


regulation of CD86 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of CD86 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of CD86 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process.


regulation of CD80 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD80 biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of CD80 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD80 biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of CD80 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD80 biosynthetic process.


cell junction disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a cell junction into its constituent components.


cell-cell junction disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a cell-cell junction into its constituent components.


name: regulation of interleukin-17A production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-17A production

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-17A production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production.


interleukin-34 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-34 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of interleukin-34 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-34 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-34 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production.


name: regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process.


name: positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process.


name: negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process.


name: regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.


name: positive regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.


name: negative regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.


name: regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process.


name: positive regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process.


name: negative regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process.


regulation of interleukin-32 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-32 production.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-32 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-32 production.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-32 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-32 production.


name: transport across blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

description: The directed movement of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.


name: regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport across the blood-brain barrier.


name: positive regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.


name: negative regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.


extrasynaptic signaling via GABA

description: Cell-cell signaling that starts with the activation of extrasynaptic GABA receptors in neurons through binding of ambient gamma-aminobutyric acid present in the extracellular fluid.


name: ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein upon ADP-ribosylation of the target protein.


name: mono-ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein upon mono-ADP-ribosylation of the target protein.


name: poly-ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein upon poly-ADP-ribosylation of the target protein.


PAT complex

description: A transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in the correct folding of multipass membrane proteins in the ER membrane. In human, the substrate-binding Asterix (PAT10, WDR83OS) forms an obligate heterodimer with CCDC47.


name: Fc receptor-mediated immune complex endocytosis

description: An endocytosis process mediated by the Fc receptor for the purpose of delivery of antigen-bound immunoglobulin to an intracellular compartment where the antigen can be processed and loaded onto MHC molecules. This process selectively targets antigens for presentation by MHC class II or cross-presentation by MHC class I.


glutathione import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which glutathione is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


protein decrotonylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[protein].


histone decrotonylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[histone].


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + L-lysyl-[protein].


name: NAD-dependent protein decrotonylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


name: NAD-dependent histone decrotonylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone] + nicotinamide.


name: NAD-dependent protein de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


exopher

description: An extracellular vesicle that is approximately four microns in diameter, released by budding out of cells into the extracellular space, and hypothesized to be a mechanism for disposal of unwanted cellular material including protein aggregates and damaged organelles.


platelet rolling

description: Transient adhesive interactions between platelets and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating platelets bind selectins or other molecules on the vessel wall causing the platelets to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between surface molecules of platelets and endothelium.


name: CCACCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an unstable tRNA + 2 ATP + 4 CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CCACCA end + 6 diphosphate.


regulation of platelet rolling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet rolling.


positive regulation of platelet rolling

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling.


negative regulation of platelet rolling

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling.


positive regulation of ferroptosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.


name: maternal-to-zygotic transition of gene expression

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression by which developmental control passes from the maternal genome to the zygotic genome.


apocrine secretion

description: The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue by discharging a portion of the secreting cell when intracellular components are freed into a lumen through the shedding of whole pieces of the cytoplasm.


sneeze reflex

description: A reflex process that expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from irritation of the nasal mucous membrane.


Leydig cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of Leydig cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Leydig cells are interstitial cells located adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testis which produce testosterone.


sensory perception of itch

description: A sensory perception which causes the desire or reflex to scratch.


egg deposition

description: The multicellular organismal reproductive process that results in the movement of an egg from within an organism into the external environment.


name: negative regulation of pyroptotic inflammatory response

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a pyroptotic inflammatory response.


name: kidney cortex tubule cell dedifferentiation

description: The process in which a kidney cortex tubule cell (specialized epithelial cell of the kidney) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


pollen intine formation

description: Formation of pollen intine, the inner layer of the pollen wall. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.


name: endoplasmic reticulum membrane biogenesis

description: The process in which an endoplasmic reticulum membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.


name: Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade

description: A protein activation cascade that generates the active Toll receptor ligand and consists of the cascade of enzymatic reactions initiated by extracellular recognition factors, leading to the cleavage of the inactive form of spatzle family of ligands.


name: regulation of Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade.


name: positive regulation of Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade.


name: negative regulation of Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade.


name: positive regulation of postsynaptic density assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density assembly.


name: negative regulation of postsynaptic density assembly

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of postsynaptic density assembly.


somatic sensory system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatic sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic sensory system is the sensory system for the sense of touch and pain.


name: serotonin-gated chloride channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when the biogenic amine serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


mitocytosis

description: A migrasome-mediated selective removal of damaged mitochondria process that maintains mitochondrion homeostasis in migrating cells.


neuropeptide activity

description: The receptor ligand activity of any polypeptide expressed in, and secreted from a neuron.


purine nucleotide uniporter activity

description: Catalysis of the active transport of purine nucleotides across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.


description: The regulated release of catecholamine by a cell in which the catecholamine acts as a neurotransmitter.


name: sulfate:chloride antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(in) + sulfate(out) = chloride(out) + sulfate(in).


description: A multilamellar subcellular structure formed in the cytoplasm of developing neuron, composed of Tmem240 and Emd proteins.


name: oxalate:chloride antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(out) + oxalate(in) = chloride(in) + oxalate(out).


muramyl dipeptide kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + muramyl dipeptide = ADP + H+ + 6-O-phospho-muramyl dipeptide.


craniofacial suture closure

description: The process of fusing together the edges of a craniofacial suture.


name: negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cGAS/STING signaling pathway.


xanthine binding

description: Binding to xanthine, a purine base.


name: Cyc8(Ssn6)-Tup1 general repressor complex

description: A corepressor complex containing the WD-repeat protein Tup1p (S. cerevisiae) and Tup11/Tup12 (fission yeast) and the TPR repeat protein Cyc8p (S. cerevisiae) ssn6 (fission yeast) that is recruited to target genes by DNA-bound repressor proteins preferentially at regions where histones are deacetylated by the Clr6 class I HDAC, and recruits the SWI/SNF and SAGA complexes to promoters.


mitotic nuclear envelope segregation

description: The mitotic cell cycle process in which the nuclear envelope, including nuclear pores, is equally distributed to the two daughter cells during the mitotic cell cycle.


name: serine-based site-specific recombinase activity

description: Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences; occurs through a phosphoseryl intermediate in which the target sequence is first cleaved by the nucleophilic attack by a serine in the active site.


microfibril assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of microfibril.


glideosome

description: A protein complex composed of at least GAP45 (gliding-associated protein), GAP50 and myosin heavy and light chains. Anchored via GAP50 to the inner membrane complex of motile and invasive forms of apicomplexan parasites and regulates parasite gliding motility and invasion of host cells.


macropinosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a macropinosome.


name: plant endodermal cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a plant endodermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


plant endodermal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a plant endodermal cell.


name: programmed cell death in response to retinoic acid

description: Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes and occurring as a result of a retinoic acid.


sleep homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process in which the drive for sleep increases sleep propensity with prolonged wakefulness.


respiratory chemosensitivity

description: A homeostatic process by which the sensing of CO2 and/or H+ by the brain leads to appropriate altering in breathing to regulate blood gas and tissue pH.


cutin-based cuticle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cutin-based cuticle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cutin-based cuticle is an extracellular structure composed of a covalently linked macromolecular scaffold of cutin and a variety of organic solvent-soluble lipids that are collectively termed waxes. Such structures are found on the external face of polysaccharide cell walls in land plants.


name: multi-pass transmembrane protein insertion into ER membrane

description: A process of protein insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins is mediated by the multi-pass translocon complex and takes place following membrane insertion of the first few transmembrane segments of proteins by the SEC61 complex to promote insertion of subsequent transmembrane regions.


multi-pass translocon complex

description: A protein complex that mediates the insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Substrates enter via the lateral gate of the Sec61 translocon. The complex comprises the GEL subcomplex (composed of RAB5IF/OPTI and TMCO1), the BOS subcomplex (composed of NCLN/Nicalin, NOMO and TMEM147) and the PAT subcomplex (composed of WDR83OS/Asterix and CCDC47).


SIN/MEN signaling complex

description: A protein complex associated with the mitotic spindle pole body during interphase and mitosis and comprises of the proteins of the septation initiation signaling network (SIN) of fission yeast or mitotic exit network (MEN) of budding yeast, organized by two scaffold/adaptor proteins.


interphase SIN signaling complex

description: A SIN signaling complex associated with the old mitotic spindle pole body during interphase and early M-phase and characterised by the presence active ubiquitin ligase (Dma1 in fission yeast) and GTPase activator (Spg1 in fission yeast) to inactivate SIN signaling.


name: new spindle pole body SIN signaling complex

description: A SIN signaling complex associated with the new mitotic spindle pole body during anaphase and characterized by the presence activated (GTP bound) GTPase (Spg1 in fission yeast) to activate SIN signaling.


name: negative regulation of pollen tube guidance

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pollen tube guidance towards ovules. This is one mechanism to prevent polytuby, the simultaneous penetration of ovules by multiple pollen tubes.


surfactant secretion

description: The regulated release of surfactant by a cell or tissue.


intracellular borate homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of tetrahydroxoborate within a cell.


name: prevention of polyspermy during double fertilization

description: The regulation of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm process that ensures that only a single sperm cell fertilizes one egg cell and another single sperm cell fertilizes one central cell.


name: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an ubiquitin ligase and an ubiquitin ligase-substrate adaptor, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


Casparian strip assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Casparian strip, a region of plant cell wall specialised to act as a seal to prevent back leakage of secreted material.


non-canonical inflammasome complex

description: An inflammasome complex containing CASP4, known as caspase-11 (Casp11) in mouse, which assembles upon cytosolic lipopolysaccharide-binding and directly activates Gasdermin-D (GSDMD).


name: non-canonical inflammasome complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-canonical inflammasome complex.


name: negative regulation of non-canonical inflammasome complex assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical inflammasome complex assembly.


lipid droplet fusion

description: The process by which a single lipid droplet is created from the fusion of two or more lipid droplets.


name: negative regulation of lipid droplet fusion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid droplet fusion.


name: G protein-coupled glycine receptor activity

description: Combining with glycine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by changing the activity of intracellular G protein signaling.


ABC-type indole transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + indole(in) = ADP + phosphate + indole(out).


iodide channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of iodide through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


name: hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-prolyl-[hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunit] + O2 = CO2 + succinate + trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-[hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunit].


exhausted T cell differentiation

description: The process in which an activated T cell acquires specialized features of an exhausted T cell.


name: protein localization to polar microtubule

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a polar microtubule.


name: spermatid cytoplasm removal during spermiation of flagellated sperm

description: The process of removing the majority of the cytoplasm and organelles from a spermatid as it develops into a mature flagellated sperm cell.


name: internal N(7)-methylguanine-containing RNA reader activity

description: A protein adaptor that recognizes and binds an RNA molecule modified by N(7)-methylguanine (m7G), a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs.


name: internal mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a guanosine in mRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N(7)-methylguanosine in mRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: spliceosome-depend formation of circular RNA

description: Formation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) by back-splicing circularization of pre-mRNAs in a spliceosome-dependent process.


hemozoin formation complex

description: A protein-containing complex involved in hemoglobin degradation and detoxification of heme in the food vacuole during the asexual blood stage of a Plasmodium. It is composed of at least falcipains FP2A and/or FP2B, plasmepsins PMII, PMIII/HAP and PMIV, heme detoxifying protein HDP and falcilysin FLN.


chordate pharynx development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cordate pharynx over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nematode pharynx development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nematode pharynx over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


insect pharynx development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of insect pharynx over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nematode pharyngeal muscle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


reverse gyrase activity

description: Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving one DNA strand at a time to allow passage of another strand; changes the linking number by +1 per catalytic cycle, is driven by ATP hydrolysis.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine(10) in tRNA + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N(2)-dimethylguanosine(10) in tRNA + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine(10) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(2)-methylguanosine(10) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine(26)/guanosine(27) in tRNA + 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4 H+ + N(2)-dimethylguanosine(26)/N(2)-dimethylguanosine(27) in tRNA + 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction:guanosine(26) in tRNA + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N(2)-dimethylguanosine(26) in tRNA + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine(22) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(1)-methyladenosine(22) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine(9) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(1)-methyladenosine(9) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine(58) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(1)-methyladenosine(58) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: animal gross anatomical part developmental process

description: Any developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gross anatomical part of an animal from an initial immature state, to a later, more mature state.


name: plant gross anatomical part developmental process

description: Any developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gross anatomical part of a plant from an initial immature state, to a later, more mature state.


name: axonemal microtubule doublet inner sheath

description: A structural network of microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) located inside the lumens of the A and B tubules of the axonemal microtuble doublet that helps stabilize the doublet microtubule.


axonemal A tubule inner sheath

description: A structural network of microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) located inside the lumen of the A tubule of the axonemal microtubule doublet that helps stabilize the A tubule.


axonemal B tubule inner sheath

description: A structural network of microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) located inside the lumen of the B tubule of the axonemal microtubule doublet that helps stabilize the B tubule.


name: axonemal microtubule doublet inner junction

description: The structure which joins the B10 protofilament of the B tubule to the A1 protofilament of the A tubule within an axonemal microtubule doublet.


name: axonemal microtubule doublet outer junction

description: The structure which joins the B1 protofilament of the B tubule to the A10 and A11 protofilaments of the A tubule within an axonemal microtubule doublet.


axonemal microtubule doublet ribbon

description: The 3 protofilaments A11, A12, and A13 of the A tubule along with associated inner sheath microtuble inner proteins (MIPs), either in the lumen of the A tubule or of the B tubule, which stabilize these three filiments within the axonemal doublet microtubule. The ribbon protofilaments separate the lumens of the A and B tubules.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine(6) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(2)-methylguanosine(6) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine(7) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(2)-methylguanosine(7) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


cuproptosis

description: A programmed cell death process that is induced by intracellular copper accumulation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 3-acyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) = 3-acyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-(3'-acyl-1'-sn-glycerol) + sn-glycero-1-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol).


corneal epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an corneal epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an corneal epithelium.


name: structural constituent of nuclear lamina

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of nuclear lamina.


name: guanyl nucleotide exchange factor activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a guanyl nucleotide exchange factor.


pH-gated sodium channel activity

description: A gated channel activity that enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in pH.


pH-gated calcium channel activity

description: A gated channel activity that enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in pH.


name: protein-RNA covalent cross-linking repair

description: A process that rescues stalled ribosomes by removing the covalent cross-link between RNA and a protein.


name: pH-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in proton concentration (pH).


name: protein-DNA covalent cross-linking activity

description: Catalysis of the cross-link between a protein and a DNA abasic site, forming a thiazolidine linkage between a DNA ring-opened abasic site and the alpha-amino and sulfhydryl substituents of cysteine residue of the protein.


name: mRNA cap methyltransferase RNMT:RAMAC complex

description: A protein complex that consists of RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) and RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase activating subunit (RAMAC) and is involved in mRNA cap methylation.


name: sperm migration through the uterotubal junction

description: The controlled self-propelled movement of a sperm cell from the uterus through the uterotubal junction (UTJ) into the oviduct, where interaction between the sperm and the UTJ acts as a major selective barrier for sperm, allowing only living, motile, uncapacitated, morphologically normal sperm with intact acrosomes to pass from the uterus into the oviduct.


meisosome

description: A cell part that is composed of multifold plasma membrane of the epidermis where it is in direct contact with apical extracellular matrix. Meisosome, or multiple eisome is named because of its superficial similarity to yeast eisosome.


bicarbonate channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of bicarbonate through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


name: protein-RNA sequence-specific adaptor activity

description: A protein adaptor activity characterized by the capacity to selectively recognize and interact with RNA molecules in a sequence-specific manner. Entities possessing this activity typically exhibit discerning binding preferences for specific nucleotide sequences within RNA molecules, enabling the identification and engagement of distinct RNA motifs or structural elements. This function is integral to various biological processes, including RNA processing, transport, and regulatory mechanisms, contributing to the specificity and precision of cellular RNA-related activities.


name: phospholipase C-activating endothelin receptor signaling pathway

description: A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by endothelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: 16S rRNA pseudouridine(516) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(516) in 16S rRNA = pseudouridine(516) in 16S rRNA.


name: 23S rRNA pseudouridine(2457) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(2457) in 23S rRNA = pseudouridine(2457) in 23S rRNA.


name: 23S rRNA pseudouridine(2604) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(2604) in 23S rRNA = pseudouridine(2604) in 23S rRNA.


name: 23S rRNA pseudouridine(2605) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(2605) in 23S rRNA = pseudouridine(2605) in 23S rRNA.


name: 23S rRNA pseudouridine(1911/1915/1917) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(1911/1915/1917) in 23S rRNA = pseudouridine(1911/1915/1917) in 23S rRNA.


name: 23S rRNA pseudouridine(955/2504/2580) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(955/2504/2580) in 23S rRNA = pseudouridine(955/2504/2580) in 23S rRNA.


name: 23S rRNA pseudouridine(746) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(746) in 23S rRNA = pseudouridine(746) in 23S rRNA.


name: 21S rRNA pseudouridine(2819) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(2819) in 21S rRNA = pseudouridine(2819) in 21S rRNA.


GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by GDF15 binding to GFRAL coreceptor, triggering RET autophosphorylation and activation, in response to stress.


name: negative regulation of GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway.


name: tRNA pseudouridine(38-40) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(38/39/40) in tRNA = pseudouridine(38/39/40) in tRNA.


name: tRNA pseudouridine(55) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(55) in tRNA = pseudouridine(55) in tRNA.


name: tRNA pseudouridine(65) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(65) in tRNA = pseudouridine(65) in tRNA.


name: tRNA pseudouridine(13) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(13) in tRNA = pseudouridine(13) in tRNA.


name: tRNA pseudouridine(32) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(32) in tRNA = pseudouridine(32) in tRNA.


name: tRNA pseudouridine(31) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(31) in tRNA = pseudouridine(31) in tRNA.


name: mitochondrial tRNA pseudouridine(27/28) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(27/28) in mitochondrial tRNA = pseudouridine(27/28) in mitochondrial tRNA.


name: tRNA pseudouridine(38/39) synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine(38/39) in tRNA = pseudouridine(38/39) in tRNA.


crinophagy

description: The autophagic process which involves the direct fusion of abnormal, excess or obsolete secretory granules with lysosomes. This pathway is often associated with maintaining homeostasis in endocrine and exocrine cells.


secretory granule-lysosome fusion

description: The cellular process that results in the fusion of secretory granules with lysosomes to form crinosomes.


name: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex

description: A multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain alpha-ketoacids derived from L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine to branched-chain acyl-CoAs. The complex comprises multiple copies of three enzymes referred to as E1, E2 and E3: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (E1, a heterotetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits), dihydrolipoyl transacylase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Additional proteins may also be present.


name: positive regulation of N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of nicotine catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nicotine catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of propanediol catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of propanediol catabolic process.


CD27 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cell surface receptor CD27 to its physiological ligand CD70, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + S-nitrosoglutathione = NADP+ + S-(hydroxysulfenamide)glutathione.


negative regulation of chromatin loopin

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin looping.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of CD8-positive alpha-beta T cells such that the total number of CD8-positive alpha-beta T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoadipate + H+ + N(6)-[(R)-lipoyl]-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] = CO2 + N(6)-[(R)-S(8)-glutaryldihydrolipoyl]-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase].


oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex

description: A multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoadipate to glutaryl-CoA, thereby acting in the final step of lysine and tryptophan catabolism in mitochondria. The complex comprises multiple copies of three enzymes referred to as E1, E2 and E3: 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).


T=9 icosahedral viral capsid

description: The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=9 symmetry. The T=9 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 80 hexameric capsomeres.


T=21/pseudo21 icosahedral capsid

description: The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=21 or pseudo T=21 symmetry.


T=27/pseudo27 icosahedral capsid

description: The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=27 or pseudo T=27 symmetry.


T=28 icosahedral capsid

description: The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=28 symmetry.


T=31/pseudo31 icosahedral capsid

description: The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=31 or pseudo T=31 symmetry.


name: histamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of histamine from one side of a membrane to the other.


cortical rotation

description: A cellular developmental process by which the outer layer of the cell (the cortex) rotates relative to the inner cytoplasm.


name: somatic muscle attachment to chitin-based cuticle

description: The developmental process in which a somatic muscle attaches to the chitin-based cuticle. In insects, this may occur via a specialized epithelial cell adherence to the chitinous extracellular matrix and to muscle cells through their basement membrane.


name: magnesium ion transport from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum

description: The directed movement of magnesium ion from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum.


name: positive regulation of autophagosome-lysosome fusion

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate which autophagosomes fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects).


dipeptide uniporter activity

description: Catalysis of the transport of a dipeptide across a membrane; transport is independent of the movement of any other molecular species.


intestinal iron absorption

description: A process in which iron is taken up from the contents of the intestine.


piperine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of piperine.


nitrate reductase (quinone) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a quinol + nitrate = a quinone + H2O + nitrite.


autophagosome-membrane adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a target membrane and an autophagosome during mitophagy.


paracellular transport

description: The directed movement of substance through the space in between adjacent cells, rather than through the cells themselves.


phospholipase C activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase C.


phospholipase C inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of the enzyme phospholipase C.


name: paracellular tight junction channel activity

description: Enables size- and charge-selective transport of solutes through a tight junction barrier paracellularly, across the epithelium.


name: ergothioneine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ergothioneine from one side of a membrane to the other.


halotropism

description: A sodium-specific negative tropism that is crucial for surviving and thriving under high salinity.


name: heme B transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of heme B from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: lipoate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of lipoate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.


lipoate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which lipoate is transported across a membrane.


name: endoplasmic reticulum-lipid droplet tether activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a lipid droplet with an endoplasmic reticulum membrane, via membrane lipid binding, to establish membrane contact sites and mediate exchange and communication.


mRNA phosphatase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of mRNA phosphatase.


name: endoplasmic reticulum-organelle membrane tether activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two membranes, either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a membrane protein, to establish or maintain membrane contact sites and mediate organelle exchange and communication.


nonsense-mediated decay complex

description: A highly conserved protein complex that recognises and elicits the rapid degradation of mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.


stalled ribosome sensor activity

description: A molecule that recognizes stalled ribosomes and initiates a signaling response.


histone H3K18 decrotonylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone H3 position 18] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone H3] + nicotinamide.


channel complex

description: A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.


ankyrin-1 complex

description: A complex composed of ANK1, RHCE, RHAG, SLC4A1, EPB42, GYPA, GYPB and AQP1, that functions in the stability and shape of the erythrocyte membrane in human.


carbon dioxide receptor activity

description: Combining with carbon dioxide to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: endoplasmic reticulum-endosome tether activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an endosome and an ER membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with an endosome protein, to establish and facilitate organelle exchange.


ionotropic olfactory receptor activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific odorant has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


ionotropic taste receptor activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a soluble compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: ionotropic bitter taste receptor activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific bitter compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: ionotropic sweet taste receptor activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific soluble sweet compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


SKA complex

description: An outer kinetochore complex involved in the attachment of microtubule ends to the chromosomes during mitosis. In humans, it contains the subunits SKA1, SKA2 and SKA3.


L-amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an L-amino acid.


L-amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-amino acids, the L-enantiomers of amino acids.


L-amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an L-amino acid.


import into the mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of substances from the cytosol into the mitochondrion.


export from the mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of substances from the mitochondrion to the cytosol.


name: proteinogenic amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that is incorporated into protein naturally by ribosomal translation of mRNA, and that has a specific codon for translation from mRNA to protein.


name: proteinogenic amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that is incorporated into protein naturally by ribosomal translation of mRNA, and that has a specific codon for translation from mRNA to protein.


name: proteinogenic amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid that is incorporated into protein naturally by ribosomal translation of mRNA, and that has a specific codon for translation from mRNA to protein.


name: non-proteinogenic amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-proteingenic amino acids.


name: non-proteinogenic amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of non-proteinogenic amino acids.


name: non-proteinogenic amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-proteinogenic amino acids.


name: isopentenyl pyrophosphate transmembrate transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of isopentenyl pyrophosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: isopentenyl pyrophosphate import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which isopentenyl pyrophosphate is transported across a membrane into the mitochondrion.


virus-like capsid

description: A protein coat that surrounds nucleic acid to form a structure similar to a virus capsid. Virus-like capsids are non-infectious and are encoded by endogenous (non-viral) genes. Fly and tetrapod Arc (ancestrally-related to retrotransposon Gag) are examples of proteins that can self-assemble into capsid-like structures which encapsulate Arc mRNA and mediate the intercellular transmission of RNA.


D-alanine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed import of D-alanine from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


box C/D RNP complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of a box C/D type snRNA and three (Archaea) or four (Eukaryotes) core proteins that have diverse functions, including site-specific methylation of rRNA and processing rRNA.


box C/D methylation guide RNP complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a box C/D type snoRNA and three (Archaea) or four (Eukaryotes) core proteins that is capable of methylation of target RNAs.


name: box C/D methylation guide scaRNP complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a small CB-specific RNA (scaRNA), with a short sequence motif (GU/UG wobble stem) for CB localization that is capable of methylation of target RNAs.


box C/D pre-rRNA cleavage RNP complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a box C/D type RNA that is involved in pre-rRNA cleavage.


nuclease activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a nuclease.


ribonuclease activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a ribonuclease.


name: lipid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a lipid from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: cholesterol 7-desaturase (NAD(P)H) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + H+ + NAD(P)H + O2 = 7-dehydrocholesterol + 2 H2O + NAD(P)+.


RNA ligase (GTP) activity

description: Catalysis of the joining of an RNA with 3'-phosphate or 2',3'-cyclic-phosphate ends to an RNA with 5'-hydroxy ends according to either (i) a 3'-end 3'-phospho-ribonucleotide-RNA + a 5'-end dephospho-ribonucleoside-RNA + GTP = a ribonucleotidyl-ribonucleotide-RNA + diphosphate + GMP; or (ii) a 3'-end 2',3'-cyclophospho-ribonucleotide-RNA + a 5'-end dephospho-ribonucleoside-RNA + GTP + H2O = a ribonucleotidyl-ribonucleotide-RNA + diphosphate + GMP + H+.


name: histone methyltransferase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a histone methyltransferase.


cyclic-di-AMP binding

description: Binding to a cyclic di-AMP nucleotide.


renal zinc excretion

description: The elimination of zinc ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine(out) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(in) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine(in) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(out).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat Y1 phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-tyrosine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 1) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat T4 phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-threonine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 4) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S2 phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 2) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S5 phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 5) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S7 phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 7) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


name: broad specificity neutral L-amino acid:basic L-amino acid antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: basic L-amino acid(in) + neutral L-amino acid(out) = basic L-amino acid(in) + neutral L-amino acid(out).


name: co-transcriptional mRNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway

description: Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled 3' processing of RNA polymerase II mRNA transcripts by the 3' end cleavage and addition of a poly(A) tail.


cytosolic mRNA polyadenylation

description: Any process by which dormant, translationally inactive mRNAs become activated, or mRNAs become stabilized, via the elongation of their poly(A) tails in the cytosol.


name: co-transcriptional RNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway

description: Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled 3' processing of RNA polymerase II RNA transcripts by 3' end cleavage and addition of a poly(A) tail.


description: Catalysis of the movement of a lysophosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


protein-tRNA adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a protein that brings together another protein and a tRNA, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


name: nucleoside import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of nucleoside from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


SUMO ligase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a SUMO ligase.


K11-linked deubiquitinase activity

description: Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys11 residue of ubiquitin.


name: cytoplasmic polyadenylation-dependent RNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the cytoplasm and resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA truncated degradation intermediate.


Knl1/Spc105 complex

description: A kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the outer kinetochore. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. In humans and yeast respectively, it consists of KNL1/Spc105p and ZWINT/Kre28p.


membrane bending activity

description: The activity of bending or deforming a membrane. This activity can occur by multiple mechanisms including the insertion amphipathic domains into one or both leaflets.


name: U6 snRNA 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + U6 snRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + U6 containing a 3'-terminal 2'-O-methylnucleotide + H+.


RQC-trigger complex

description: A ribosome disassembly complex which dissociates stalled ribsome subunits as part of the ribosome quality control pathway. RQT complex is composed of a RNA helicase-family protein yeast Rqt2 (human ASCC3), a ubiquitin-binding protein yeast Rqt3, (human ASCC2), and Rqt4 (Human TRIP4).


name: cytosolic large ribosomal subunit assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cytosolic large ribosomal subunit.


membrane grommet activity

description: An activity in which a protein, or group of proteins, acts to restrict the size of a fenestration in a membrane or membrane system (i.e. restrict the diameter of a hole in a membrane). An example of this is the molecular function is performed by ESCRT-III proteins at the nuclear envelope of fission yeast during anaphase B.


name: cytosolic small ribosomal subunit assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cytosolic small ribosomal subunit.


name: mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit.


name: inner nuclear membrane-associated protein degradation pathway

description: A protein quality control pathway that removes ubiquitinated proteins from the nuclear inner membrane before transferring them to the proteasome for degradation.


name: mitotic spindle pole body attachment site

description: A region of the nuclear envelope to which a spindle pole body (SPB) attaches; protein complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope mediate direct or indirect linkages between the microtubule cytoskeleton and the nuclear envelope.


name: phosphate ion export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of phosphate ions (Pi) from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


inositol phosphate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphate + ATP = inositol phosphate + ADP.


name: snoRNA 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (TMG) capping

description: The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structure is added to the 5' end of an snoRNA. The snoRNA capping includes the formation of 7-methyl-G caps found on all RNA polymerase II transcripts, followed by hypermethylation at the 2' position of the guanosine residue to convert a mono-methylated cap to a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structure. Note that the pol III transcribed snoRNAs are also TMG capped.


histone H4K5 deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 5) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 5 of the histone H4 protein.


histone H4K48 deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 48) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 48 of the histone H4 protein.


name: co-transcriptional lncRNA 3' end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway

description: Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled 3' processing of RNA polymerase II lncRNA transcripts by the 3' end cleavage and addition of a poly(A) tail.


lncRNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary lncRNA transcripts into one or more mature lncRNA molecules.


nuclear lncRNA surveillance

description: A process that identifies and degrades defective or aberrant lncRNAs within the nucleus.


rapid tRNA decay

description: A cytoplasmic tRNA surveillance pathway that targets mature hypomodified tRNAs, catalyzed by 5'-3' exonucleases Xrn1 (S. cerevisiae/human) and Rat1 (S. cerevisiae) XRN2 human, and regulated by adenosine 3',5' bisphosphate (pAp).


cyclin L-CDK11 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin L and cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


name: regulation of pheromone response MAPK cascade

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a pheromone response MAPK cascade.


name: negative regulation of pheromone response MAPK cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a pheromone response MAPK cascade.


name: regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


name: negative regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


name: regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.


name: negative regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.


name: positive regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.


name: positive regulation of dendrite development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.


name: regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


name: negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


name: positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


name: regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


name: negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


name: positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


regulation of protein kinase C activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.


name: positive regulation of protein kinase C activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.


name: regulation of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity.


name: positive regulation of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity.


name: regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.


name: negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.