homocarnosine

A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.


acetohexamide

An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.


melibiose

A glycosylglucose formed by an alpha-(1->6)-linkage between D-galactose and D-glucose.


ORTHOCRESOL

A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.


aminoparathion

An organic thiophosphate that is 4-aminophenol  in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group. It is a metabolite of parathion.


amylopectin

A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.


A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched heptasaccharide made up from three sialyl residues, two galactose residues, one N-acetylglucosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to the ceramide portion via a beta-linkage.


The cyclic form of dithioerythritol.


D-galactose

D-Galactopyranose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


N-Acetylneuraminic acid reduced across the 2,3-bond with loss of the hydroxy group at C-2; it is a minor component of body fluids although abundant in sialuria.


O-XYLENE

A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.


keracyanin

A rutinoside consisting of cyanidin having the rutinosyl group at the 3-position.


gentiobiose

A glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by a beta-(1->6)-linkage.


all-trans-zeta-carotene

The all-trans-isomer of zeta-carotene.


arbutin 6-phosphate

A beta-D-glucoside compound having a phosphate group at the 6-position and a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at the 1-position.


uridine 2'-phosphate

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 2'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase


guanosine 3'-monophosphate

A guanosine 3'-phosphate compound with a monophosphate group at the 3'-position.


chromium atom

A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.


rifampicin

A member of the class of rifamycins that is a a semisynthetic antibiotic derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica (previously known as Amycolatopsis mediterranei and Streptomyces mediterranei).


PARACHLOROPHENOL

A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.


A hexadienedioate compound having a 2-hydroxy substituent.


beta-mannobiose

The beta-isomer of mannobiose.


gossypetin 8-rhamnoside

A monosaccharide derivative that consists of gossypetin substituted by a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl moiety at position 8 via a glycosidic linkage.


glycogen

A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.


genistein

A 7-hydroxyisoflavone with additional hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4'. It is a phytoestrogenic isoflavone with antioxidant properties.


N-hydroxytyrosine

An L-tyrosine derivative obtained by replacement of one of the amino hydrogen by a hydroxy group.


QUERCETAGETINIDIN

An anthocyanidin cation that is cyanidin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.


A member of the class of  naphthaldehydes that is naphthalene-2-carbaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


A nitrile that is L-glutamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-cyanoethyl group.


BORNEOL

A bornane monoterpenoid that is 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


2-amino-3-oxoadipic acid

A 1,6-dicarboxylic acid compound having an amino substituent at the 2-position and an oxo substituent at the 3-position.


CHLOROBENZENE

The simplest member of the class of monochlorobenzenes, that is benzene in which a single hydrogen has been substituted by a chlorine.


An alpha-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.


PINOBAKSIN

A trihydroxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3, 5 and 7.


loracarbef anion

The conjugate base of loracarbef.


ISOBAVACHALCONE

A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'.


A dicarboxylic acid dianion resulting from the removal of a proton from both of the carboxylic acid groups of 2-isopropylmalic acid.


nickel atom

Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.


A 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond.


5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 2-oxopentanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carbamimidamido group.


(+)-catechin 7-O-beta-D-xyloside

A monosaccharide derivative that is (+)-catechin substituted by a beta-D-xylopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


TCDD

Any dibenzodioxine in which two or more hydrogens have been replaced by chlorines.


harmine

A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.


p-cumic acid

A cumic acid that consists of benzoic acid substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.


DIETHANOLAMINE

A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.


A chloroaniline that consists of two 2-chloroaniline units joined by a methylene bridge.


docosahexaenoic acid

A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.


A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6 and 7.


3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl group.


all-trans-phytofluene

The all-trans-isomer of  phytofluene.


A member of the class of prostaglandins J that is prosta-5,9,12-trien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydsroxy substituents at positions 11 and 15 respectively (the 5Z,12E,15S-stereoisomer).


A UDP-amino sugar having 3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetyl-beta-glucosamine as the sugar component.


N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate

An amino monosaccharide that consists of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine substituted at position 6 by a sulfo group.


S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide

An S-alkyl-L-cysteine in which the sulfur of the thioether moiety has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfoxide.


An undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl peptide in which the peptide element is L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine and in which the muramoyl residue is glucosaminyl-substituted at O-4.


bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid

A organochlorine compound comprising acetic acid having two 4-chlorophenyl substituents attached at the 2-position.


arecoline

A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.


chloral hydrate

An organochlorine compound that is the hydrate of trichloroacetaldehyde.


DIBENZOFURAN

A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.


A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone with hydroxy substituents at positions 2' ,4' , and 6' and a formyl substituent at position 3'.


A member of the class of tetrahydropterins that is 2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4-one carrying four additional hydroxy substituents at positions 5, 6, 7 and 8.


PINOCEMBRIN

A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.


6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha

A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.


D-asparagine

An optically active form of asparagine having D-configuration.


beta-D-xylose

D-Xylopyranose in which the anomeric configuration is beta.


3-(indol-3-yl)propyl phosphate

An monoalkyl phosphate compound having an O-3-(indol-3-yl)propyl substituent.


iron(III) hydroxamate

A complex between iron(III) and three hydroxamic acid groups, used for iron transport.


quercetin 3,4',7-trissulfate

A quercetin trissulfate having the three sulfo groups placed at the 3-, 4'- and 7-positions.


A 3-oxoacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.


A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


harmaline

A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.


A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched hexasaccharide made up from two sialyl residues, two galactose residues, one N-acetylglucosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to the ceramide portion via a beta-linkage.


A dTDP-sugar having 4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-glucose as the sugar component.


theophylline

A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea.


BENZAMIDE

An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.


A butynal which has a monosubstituted triple bond.


2',3'-cyclic GMP

A 2',3'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which guanosine is used as the parent nucleoside.


A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4.


fustin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside

A flavanone glycoside that consists of fustin attached to a beta-D-galactosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


ETHOXYCOUMARIN

A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group.


alpha-(hydroxymethyl)serine

A serine derivative in which the alpha-hydrogen of serine is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-methylbut-3-enoic acid.


isomaltose

A glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by an alpha-(1->6)-linkage.


A glucotriose consisting of two alpha-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) and (1->6) glycosidic bonds.


LUPANINE

The delta-lactam obtained by formal oxidation at the 2-position of sparteine. The major alkaloid from the seeds of Lupinus exaltatus, L. mexicanus and L. rotundiflorus, it is among the most important of the tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloids.


petroselinic acid

The cis-isomer of octadec-6-enoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid.


ETIOCHOLANOLONE

An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.


BERYTHROMYCIN

An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide B having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.


daidzein

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 4'.


A chloroethanol carrying a chloro substituent at position 2.


ROTENONE

A member of the class of rotenones that consists of 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h]chromen-6(6aH)-one substituted at position 2 by a prop-1-en-2-yl group and at positions 8 and 9 by methoxy groups (the 2R,6aS,12aS-isomer). A non-systemic insecticide, it is the principal insecticidal constituent of derris (the dried rhizome and root of Derris elliptica).


[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]succinyl-CoA

A hydroxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of [hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]succinic acid.


Any hydroxyisoflavone which has a hydroxy group at the 2-position of the phenyl substituent.


D-galactosamine 1-phosphate

A galactosamine phosphate that is D-galactosamine substituted at position 1 by a monophosphate group.


A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


gibberellin A44

A  C20-gibberellin with a heteropentacyclic skeleton that incorporates a lactone moiety.


deethylatrazine

A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is  6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a propan-2-yl group.


ACRYLONITRILE

A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an ethenyl group.


A dihydroxypyridine that is pseudooxynicotine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 on the pyridine ring are substituted by hydroxy groups.


A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4.


dihydrodigitoxin

A cardanolide glycoside that is the 20,22-dihydro derivative of digitoxin.


D-LEUCINE

The D-enantiomer of leucine.


hesperetin

A trihydroxyflavanone having the three hydroxy gropus located at the 3'-, 5- and 7-positions and an additional methoxy substituent at the 4'-position.


A benzenetriol that is benzophenone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 4, and 6.


A fluorene derivative obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 3,4-position of fluorene (the 3S,4R-diastereomer).


ANISALDEHYDE

A member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4.


A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.


dichloroacetate

A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of dichloroacetic acid.


papaverine

A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.


An ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is octacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group.


A 11beta-hydroxy steroid that is  progesterone substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11.


An amino cyclitol that is streptidine in which the hydroxy group between the two guanidino groups is replaced by hydrogen.


2-hydroxy-5-methyl-cis,cis-muconic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is cis,cis-muconic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by hydroxy and methyl groups, respectively.


aristolochic acid

An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.


3-carboxymethylmuconic acid

Muconic acid (stereochemistry of C=C bonds unspecified) substituted at the 3-position by a carboxymethyl group.


A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine and 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine joined together by a peptide linkage. It is a synthetic substrate for pepsin.


A methylindole that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one substituted by methyl and a hydroxy group at position 3.


vomifoliol

A fenchane monoterpenoid that is 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a hydroxy and a (1E)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (S)-3-hydroxyisobutyric acid.


The (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene.


dimethyl sulfoxide

A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.


A member of the class of chlorohydroquinones that is hydroquinone in which three of the four hydrogens attached to the benzene ring have been replaced by chlorines.


An oxo-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxylic acid group of 3-oxooctanoic acid.


FLUORENE

An ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon that is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives


6-oxoprostaglandin E1

A prostaglandin E that is prostaglandin E1 bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.


An aldehydo-N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate that has acetyl as the acyl group.


A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine substituted by nitro groups at positions 3 and 5.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (S)-3-hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA.


A sialotetraosylceramide having alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->6)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the sialotetraosyl component.


A thiopurine that is 9H-purine substituted by a methylsulfanyl group at position 6.


5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxylic acid

An imidazole-4-carboxylic acid compound having an amino substituent at the 5-position.


5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid

A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids in which the hydrogen at position 5 of indole-3-acetic acid has been replaced by a methoxy group.


N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine

A L-leucine derivative obtained by the substitution of a benzyloxycarbonyl group on the nitrogen atom.


capsidiol

An eremophilane sesquiterpenoid that is (+)-5-epi-aristolochene bearing additional 1beta- and 3alpha-hydroxy substituents. It is a phytoalexin produced in Nicotiana and Capsicum plant species in response to pathogen attack.


A methyladenosine compound with two methyl groups attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.


OLIGOMYCIN

An oligomycin with formula C45H74011. An inhibitor of mitochondrial F1FO ATP synthase that induces apoptosis in a variety of cell types and exhibits antifungal, antitumour, and nematicidal activities, but its clinical application has been limited by poor solubility in water and other biocompatible solvents.


A cyclohexanedione with oxo substituents at positions 1 and 4.


A glycohexaosylceramide having alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycohexaosyl component.


A chlorocatechol that iscatechol in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 have been replaced by methyl and chlorine, respectively.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid.


A dTDP-sugar having 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose as the sugar component.


hydantoin-5-propionic acid

A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by a 2-carboxyethyl group at position 4.


quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucofuranoside

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage.


glutamine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.


A chlorobenzoate carrying the chloro group at position 2.


heparin

A highly sulfated linear glycosaminoglycan comprising complex patterns of uronic acid-(1->4)-D-glucosamine repeating subunits. Used as an injectable anticoagulant, it has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule.


HYDRAZINECARBOXAMIDE

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is urea where one of the amino groups has been replaced with hydrazine.


The intermediate in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 from uroporphyrinogen III in which three methyl groups have been introduced at positions 2, 7 and 20 of the tetrapyrrole framework.


xylobiose

A glycosylxylose that is D-xylopyranose having a beta-D-xylopyranosyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic bond.


A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6R-isomer).


indol-3-ylacetaldehyde oxime

An aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of the aldehyde moiety of indol-3-ylacetaldehyde with hydroxylamine.


(S)-nornicotine

A pyridine alkaloid that is nicotine lacking the methyl group on the pyrrolidine nitrogen.


6-methoxyluteolin 7-alpha-L-rhamnoside

A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and an alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


OXYPURINOL

A  pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.


name: (6S)-6-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2'-phosphate


An aminobutanoyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-aminobutanoic acid.


A dichlorocatechol in which the two chloro groups are located at positions 3 and 6.


flavonol 3-O-D-xylosyl-D-galactoside

A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of flavonol attached to a D-xylosyl-D-galactosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


CONIINE

A 2-propylpiperidine that has S-configuration.


CAFFEOYL ALDEHYDE

A cinnamaldehyde that is (E)-cinnamaldehyde substituted at positions 3 and 4 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups.


A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.


A 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-hydroxydecanoic acid.


PRUNIN

A flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


D-galactosamine

The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.


trioxsalen

7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.


A hydroxy-amino acid consisting of L-threonine having a hydroxy substituent at the 4-position.


scilliroside

A beta-D-glucoside that is scillirosidin in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranoside group. It is a rodenticide extracted from the bulb of the Mediterranean squill plant and was used for the control of Norway rats, black rats, house mice, long-tailed field mice, and field voles.


malonamoyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of malonamic acid.


dibromotyrosine

A bromoamino acid that is L-tyrosine carrying bromo- substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group.


lactose 6'-phosphate

A lactose phosphate in which a single monophosphate substituent is placed at position 6 on the galactose ring of lactose.


A monohydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


NICOTINALDEHYDE

A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine substituted by a formyl group at position 3.


mescaline

A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.


p-HYDROXYCINNAMALDEHYDE

A cinnamaldehyde that is (E)-cinnamaldehyde substituted at position 4 on the phenyl ring by a hydroxy group.


(-)-beta-pinene

The (1S,5S)-enantiomer of beta-pinene.


2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide

An inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain at cytochrome bc1 and of photosynthetic electron flow immediately before cytochrome b559.


EPA

An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.


4,5-leukotriene A4

A leukotriene whose structure comprises leukotriene A4 having a (4R,5R)-epoxy group.


novobiocin

A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.


A 7,8-dihydropterin compound having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 4-position and a pyruvoyl group at the 6-position.


A dTDP-sugar having 3-amino-3,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose as the sugar component.


6-acetamido-2-oxohexanoic acid

A member of the class of  acetamides that is the acetyl derivative of 6-amino-2-oxohexanoic acid.


A plastoquinone in which the number of isoprene units in the side chain is 9.


(R)-3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid.


vitamin K

Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.


4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol

A primary alcohol being cinnamyl alcohol hydroxylated at C-4 of the phenyl ring.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (2-trans,6-cis)-dodeca-2,6-dienoic acid.


2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid

A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.


A dipeptide consisting of a modified L-proline residue attached to glycine via a peptide linkage.


D-glucosamine

A 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose that is D-glucosamine having a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


enol-oxaloacetic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is butenedioic acid in which the hydrogen at the 2-position is substituted by a hydroxy group.


A digalactosylglycerol derivative in which the digalactosyl moiety is alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl at O-3, with O-1 and O-2 both acylated.


L-Proline in which a hydrogen at the 4-position of the pyrrolidine ring is substituted by a hydroxy group (S-configuration).


BUTANONE

A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.


A scyllo-inositol phosphate that is 1D-3-amino-1-guanidino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol carrying a single phospho substituent at position 6.


A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-xanthosyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.


A member of the class of tetracyclines that is anhydrotetracycline in which the dimethylamino group at position 4 has been replaced by a keto group.


TRIACONTANOL

An ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is triacontane in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.


A organochlorine compound that is  4,4'-dichlorodiphenylmethane in which one of the methylene hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


ERIODICTYOL

A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.


A very long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group.


5-hydroxyimidazole-4-acetic acid

A hydroxyimidazole that is 5-hydroxyimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.


A polyprenylbenzoquinone that is 1,4-benzoquinone carrying 2-octaprenyl and 6-methoxy substituents; a precursor of E. coli K12 ubiquinones.


A sialodiosylceramide consisting of the tetrasaccharide alpha-Neu5NAc-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5NAc-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide.


alpha-carotene

A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively.


KUROMANIN

An anthocyanin cation that is a cyanidin cation linked to a beta-D-glucosyl moiety at position 3.


arabinoxylan

A member of the class of arabinoxylans that consists of a polymer chain of beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylopyranose units, many of which are 2- or 3-substituted, or 2,3-disubstituted by alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residues.


BETA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE

The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.


AMPELOPSIN

An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.


A member of the class of  benzamides that is benzamide substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.


DELPHINIDIN

An anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group at the 2-position. It is a plant pigment responsible for the colours of the plants of the genera Viola and Delphinium.


A GDP-sugar having 3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose as the sugar component.


A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of (2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


15-oxoprostaglandin F2alpha

A prostaglandin Falpha obtained by formal oxidation of the 15-hydroxy group of prostaglandin F2alpha.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid.


vincristine

A vinca alkaloid with formula C46H56N4O10 found in the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus. It is used (commonly as the corresponding sulfate salt)as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, breast cancer and head and neck cancer.


3'-phosphoadenylyl selenate

An organoselenium compound that is adenylyl selenate with the hydroxy at position 3' replaced by a phosphate group.


An alpha-amino acid consisting of L-alanine having a selenino group attached at the 3-position.


L-threo-3-methylmalic acid

A threo-3-methylmalic acid that has (2S,3S)-configuration.


A dichlorophenol with the chloro substituents at positions 2 and 6.


D-talose

A talose that is the C-2 epimer of D-galactose.


maltotetraose

A maltotetraose tetrasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.


A member of the class of tetracyclines that is anhydrotetracycline in which the two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen have both been replaced by hydrogen.


ajmaline

A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that consists of ajmalan substituted at positions 17 and 21 by hydroxy groups.


ASPIDOSPERMINE

An indole alkaloid having the structure of aspirospermidine methoxylated at C-17 and acetylated at N-1.


A member of the class of pretetramides that is 6-methyltetracene-2-carboxamide carrying six hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 3, 4, 10, 11 and 12.


acetaldehyde oxime

An aldoxime derived from acetaldehyde.


An sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine compound having a palmitoyl substituent at the 1-hydroxy position


A glycohexaosylceramide having alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycohexaosyl component.


PROANTHOCYANIDIN A2

A proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin units.


gamma-amino-gamma-cyanobutanoic acid

A gamma-amino acid that is GABA in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a cyano group.


PHOSPHOGLYCOLOHYDROXAMATE

The hydroxamate of phosphoglycolic acid.


m-tolualdehyde

A tolualdehyde compound with the methyl substituent at the 3-position.


(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of phenylalanine and is excreted in the urine of patients suffering from diseases like phenylketonuria.


D-tyrosine

An optically active form of tyrosine having D-configuration.


artabsin

A tricyclic sesquiterpene lactone found in wormwood.


aldehydo-L-lyxose

An L-lyxose in open-chain aldehyde form.


aldehydo-L-iduronic acid

The open-chain aldehydo-form of L-iduronic acid.


N-acetylhistamine

A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide comprising histamine having an acetyl group attached to the side-chain amino function.


3-METHYLBUTANOIC ACID

A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid.


reserpine

An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.


M-XYLENE

A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3.


L-methionine sulfoximine

A methionine sulfoximine in which the amino group has S-stereochemistry.


heparin glucosamine 3-O-sulfate

A sulfated glycosaminoglycan comprising heparin glucosamine that is randomly sulfated at position 3.


decanoyl-CoA

A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of decanoic acid.


cardiolipin

A phosphatidylglycerol composed of two molecules of phosphatidic acid covalently linked to a molecule of glycerol.


A tripeptoid arising from cleavage of both rings of a penicillin derivative.


N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine

An N-acetyl-D-galactosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.


acadesine

A 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide in which the carboxamide group is situated at position 4 of the imidazole ring, which is further substituted at position 5 by an amino group. A purine nucleoside analogue and activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, it is  is used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is reported to have cardioprotective effects.


kaempferol

A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment.


tolazoline

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.


gitoxin

A cardenolide glycoside that is gitoxigenin in which the 3beta-hydroxy group has been glycosylated with tridigitoxose.


arsonoacetic acid

An organoarsonic acid that is methylarsonic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a carboxy group.


cytidine 2'-phosphate

A cytidine phosphate compound having the phosphate group at the 2'-position.


A dihydroxybenzaldehyde carrying hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 5.


VINYL CHLORIDE

A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group.


A dTDP-sugar having 3,4-didehydro-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose as the sugar component.


Se-methyl-L-selenomethionine

A Se-methylselenomethionine that has L-configuration.


An N-acetyl-beta-D-glycosaminyl glycopeptide consisting of an N-acetyl-beta-D-glycosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetylmuramoyl moiety attached to the amino terminus of the tripeptide L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysine via an amide linkage.


acetoacetamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide of acetoacetic acid.


A member of the class of naphthalenediols that is 1,2-dihydronaphthalene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively.


alpha-D-xylose

A D-xylopyranose in with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


TRICLOFENOL

A trichlorophenol carrying chloro groups at positions 2, 4 and 5.


kolaflavanone

A biflavonoid isolated from the seeds of Garcinia kola that has been shown to exhibit hepatoprotective activity.


An acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybutyric acid.


A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 6' and a methoxy group at position 4' respectively.


alpha-D-galactose 6-sulfate

A D-galactose 6-sulfate that has alpha configuration at the anomeric centre.


(KDO)2-lipid IVA

Lipid IVA glycosylated with two 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO) residues.


rutoside

A rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups.


An oxo-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxylic acid group of 3-oxodecanoic acid.


QUERCIMERITRIN

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 7 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage.


artemorin

A germacranolide isolated from Laurus nobilis L..


A GDP-hexose compound having 6-deoxy-L-xylo-hexopyranosyl-4-ulose as the hexose fragment.


A cholestanoyl-CoA formed by thioester linkage between 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-24-oxo-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and coenzyme A.


A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.


An oxindole that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.


all-trans-dehydroretinal

A retinal which contains an additional double bond between the 3 and 4 positions of the six-membered ring, and in which all of the double bonds in the side chain have the E-configuration.


A sialodiosylceramide consisting of the pentasaccharide alpha-Neu5NAc-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5NAc-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5NAc-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide.


2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 1-phosphate

A 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate with D-ribofuranose as the sugar. An intermediate in the metabolism of pyrimidine.


LYXOSE

A D-lyxopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


digitoxin

A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.


VALINOMYCIN

A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.


A  primary arylamine that is the derivative of aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been substituted by fluorine. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, herbicides and plant growth regulators.


D-glucuronate 1-phosphate

A carbohydrate acid derivative anion arising from selective deprotonation of the carboxy function of D-glucuronic acid 1-phosphate.


3-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxobutyric acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 2-oxobutyric acid which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group.


alpha-D-ribulose

A D-ribulose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


ajugose

A hexasaccharide that is verbascose which has an additional unit of alpha-D-galactopyranose attached by a 1->6 glycosidic linkage to the terminal galactosyl residue.


A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is biochanin A 7-O-beta-D-glucoside in which the hydroxy group at position 6 of the glucosyl moiety has been acylated by one of the carboxy groups of malonic acid.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.


beta-limit dextrin

beta-Limit dextrin is the remaining polymer produced by enzymatic hydrolyse of amylopectine with beta amylase which cannot hydrolyse the alpha-1,6 bonds at branch points.


farnesoyl-CoA

A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of farnesoic acid.


beta-D-mannose

A D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric centre has beta configuration.


A member of the class of  hydroxyfluorenes that is 9H-fluorene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 2.


piperazine

An azacycloalkane that consists of a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms at opposite positions.


A stilbenoid that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group and one of the hydrogens of the remaining methyl group is replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group.


An (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (R)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.


A glycononaosylceramide in which the sugar component is a linear heptasaccharide made up from galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, glucose and N-acetylglucosamine residues, branched with L-fucosyl residues at two of the galactose residues in the chain.


L-glutamate methyl ester

A L-glutamyl ester that is the  alpha-methyl ester derivative of L-glutamic acid.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.


A hydroxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.


CAPROLACTAM

A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.


3-mercaptolactic acid

A (2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of lactic acid having a sulfanyl group at the 3-position.


UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid

A UDP-N-acetyl-mannosaminouronic acid in which the N-acetyl-mannosaminouronic acid fragment has D-configuration.


A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which the para position of one of the phenyl groups is substituted by a carboxy group, whilst that of the other phenyl group is substituted by a sulfo group.


verbascose

A pentasaccharide that is stachiose which has an additional unit of alpha-D-galactopyranose attached by a 1->6 glycosidic linkage to the terminal galactosyl residue.


D-threose

The D-stereoisomer of threose.


guaiacol

A  monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.


ricinoleic acid

A (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid in which the 12-hydroxy group has R-configuration..


quinidine

A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.


Phenylacetylglycine hydroxylated at the phenyl C-4 position.


isoorientin 2''-O-rhamnoside

A tetrahydroxyflavone that consists of isoorientin substituted by a rhamnosyl moiety at position 2".


farnesol

A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.


beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate

A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.


ISOFUCOSTEROL

A 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28). The double bond at postion 24(28) adopts a Z-configuration.


N-benzoyl-4-methoxyanthranilic acid

A member of the class of benzamides that results from the formal condensation of  benzoic acid with the amino group of 4-methoxyanthranilic acid.


oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine

An oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group at position 1 is (9Z)-octadecenoyl (oleoyl) and the hydroxy group at position 2 is unsubstituted.


CARBAMIC ACID

A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.


p-tolualdehyde

A tolualdehyde compound with the methyl substituent at the 4-position.


A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.


acrylamide

A member of the class of acrylamides that results from the formal condensation of acrylic acid with ammonia.


licoisoflavone A

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'.


trolamine

A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.


A tetrahydrofolyl glutamate consisting of a tetrahydrofolyl group linked via an amide bond to a poly(gamma-glutamyl chain)


The intermediate in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 from uroporphyrinogen III in which eight methyl groups have been introduced into the tetrapyrrole framework, together with ring contraction and decarboxylation.


PHENYL PROPIONIC ACID

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (S)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.


2-isopropylmalic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is malic acid (2-hydroxysuccinic acid) in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by an isopropyl group.


2',3'-cyclic UMP

A 2',3'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide in which uridine is the parent nucleoside.


isobutyronitrile

An aliphatic nitrile that is acetonitrile in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.


lipoteichoic acid

A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.


A pyrimidine derivative having amino substituents in the 2- and 6-positions, a hydroxy substituent at the 4-position and an N-methylformamido group at the 5-position.


A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2-oxopentanoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


3-O-methylgallic acid

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is gallic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group at position 3 is converted into the corresponding methyl ether.


A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of the pentasaccharide beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide.


2-propylmalic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is malic acid (2-hydroxysuccinic acid) in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a propyl group.


A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


ASCARIDOLE

A p-menthane monoterpenoid that is p-menth-2-ene with a peroxy group across position 1 to 4.


γ-linolenic acid

A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.


galactitol 1-phosphate

The 1-O-phospho derivative of galactitol.


A 7-methylguanine that is 1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.


LEUKOTRIENE D4

A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).


11-dehydro-thromboxane B2

A thromboxane obtained by formal oxidation of the hemiacetal hydroxy function of thromboxane B2.


bacitracin A

A mixture of at least nine closely related homodetic cyclic peptides produced by Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis, which is particularly active against Gram-positive bacteria.


CUMINALDEHYDE

A member of the class of  benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a component of essential oils from Cumin and exhibits insecticidal activities.


An acyl-CoA thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-oxopropanoic acid.


dextrin

Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.


CELLBIOSE

A cellobiose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


5-hydroxy-2,4-dioxopentanoic acid

An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetylpyruvic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a hydroxy group.


cytarabine

A pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to D-arabinofuranose via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. Used mainly in the treatment of leukaemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties.


N,N'-diacetylchitobiose

The N,N'-diacetylated derivative of chitobiose, but with no stereodesignation for the anomeric carbon atom.


KYNURENINE

A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.


An acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 4-acetamidobutanoic acid.


podecdysone B

A phytoecdysteroid that consists of 5beta-cholesta-8,14-dien-6-one bearing five hydroxy substituents at positions 2, 3, 20, 22 and 25.


dehydroepiandrosterone

An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.


A glycopentaosylceramide having alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycopentaosyl component.


A deoxycortisol that is 17xi-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11 and an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17. It is a marker of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.


chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA

A choloyl-CoA formed by thioester linkage between chenodeoxycholic acid and coenzyme A.


N(alpha)-t-butoxycarbonyl-L-leucine

A L-leucine derivative obtained by the substitution of a t-butoxycarbonyl group on the nitrogen atom.


name: glycogen (amylose chain)n-[(1->6)-amylose chain]4


NARIRUTIN

A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of trans-hex-2-enoic acid.


A member of the class of catechols that is catechol in which one of the hydrogens that is ortho to a hydroxy group has been replaced by an isopropyl group.


ERIOCITRIN

A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


ASEBOGENIN

A member of the class of  dihydrochalcones that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of phloretin.


3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid

A 3-hydroxylated derivative of 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid.


A hydroxykynurenamine where the hydroxy group is located at the 5-position.


palmitoleic acid

A hexadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at position C-9 has cis configuration.


O-decanoyl-L-carnitine

An O-acyl-L-carnitine that is L-carnitine having decanoyl as the acyl substituent.


L-allothreonine

The L-enantiomer of allothreonine.


A secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone that is adenosine 5'-monophosphate in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by an oxo group.


D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate

D-glycero-D-manno-heptose in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a dihydrogen phosphate group.


9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid

A hydroxy-fatty acid formally derived from octacecanoic (stearic) acid by hydroxy substitution at positions 9 and 10.


trans-vaccenic acid

The trans- isomer of vaccenic acid.


THROMBOXANE B2

A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.


alpha-D-mannose

D-Mannopyranose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


ASIATIC ACID

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane substituted by a carboxy group at position 28 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Vateria indica and exhibits anti-angiogenic activity.


gibberellin A19

A C20-gibberellin.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 in which the acyl group at position 1 is (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl.


A member of the class of  acetophenones that is acetophenone substituted at the para-position by a nitro group.


A hydroxykynurenamine that is 5-hydroxykynurenamine with the hydrogen on the aryl amine  replaced by a formyl group.


digalacturonate

A carbohydrate acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy groups of any digalacturonic acid.


A primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 6-positions are replaced by methyl groups. It is used in the production of some anasthetics and other chemicals. It is a drug metabolite of lidocaine (local anasthetic).


A glycopentaosylceramide having alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycopentaosyl component.


A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.


2-PICOLINIC ACID

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.


A hydroxypregnenolone carrying an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17.


biochanin A 7-O-beta-D-glucoside

A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is biochanin A attached to a  beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via glycosidic linkage.


A member of the class of  hydroxyfluorenes that is 9H-fluorene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4.


A polyprenylbenzoquinone that is fumigatin which is substituted by an all-trans-hexaprenyl group at position 6.


A trichlorophenol with phenolic substituents on positions 2, 4 and 6.


fructose

A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose.


A member of the class of acetophenones that is 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone in which the hydroxy group at position 4' is replaced by a methoxy group.


A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 ( the 1R,2R,3R,4R,5S,6R-isomer).


A chlorophenylmethane that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by p-chlorophenyl groups.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate

Any member of the phosphoinositide family of compounds, of which seven occur naturally.


P-CYMENE

A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.


alpha-licanic acid

A trienoic fatty acid comprising alpha-eleostearic acid having a 4-oxo substituent.


HESPERIDIN

A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


gamma-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the gamma-carboxy group of glutamic acid with the amino group of Se-methylselenocysteine.


LIQUIRTIGENIN

A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.


A 1-thio-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine compound having 1-S-hexadecyl- and 2-O-hexadecylphosphono substituents.


gentianose

A trisaccharide composed of beta-D-glucopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose units.


nitroglycerin

A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.


L-glucitol

The L-enantiomer of glucitol.


A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine.


isoglutamic acid

A 1,5-dicarboxylic acid compound having a 3-amino substituent. It has been isolated from the extracts of the algae, Chondria armata.


ERUCIC ACID

A docosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at C-13. It is found particularly in brassicas - it is a major component of mustard and rapeseed oils and is produced by broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, and wallflowers.


coumarin

A chromenone having the keto group located at the 2-position.


m-toluate

A toluate that is the conjugate base of m-toluic acid.


fructan

Polysaccharides composed of fructose residues.


D-alpha-aminobutyric acid

An optically active form of alpha-aminobutyric acid having D-configuration.


2-iodobenzoic acid

An iodobenzoic acid with a single iodo substituent placed at the 2-position.


rubber particle

A polymer consisting of cis-linked prenyl units.


Quinoline substituted by hydroxy groups at the 4- and 6-positions. It is the product of 5-hydroxytryptophan metabolism, via monoamine oxidase catalysed conversion of 5-hydroxykynurenamine.


stearolic acid

An octadecynoic acid having its triple bond at position 9.


flavonols

Any hydroxyflavone in which is the ring hydrogen at position 3 of the heterocyclic ring is replaced by a hydroxy group.


D-2-aminopentanoic acid

A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has R-configuration.


A deoxyinosine phosphate that is 5'-inosinic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 2' by a hydrogen atom.


dITP

A deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.


The (1S,2S)-isomer of trans-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol.


ASPERULOSIDE

A iridoid monoterpenoid glycoside isolated from Galium verum.


(aminomethyl)phosphonic acid

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate.


sinapyl alcohol

A primary alcohol, being cinnamyl alcohol hydroxylated at C-4 and methoxylated at C-3 and -5.


PICEATANNOL

A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.


heparan sulfate

A linear polysaccharide in which the backbone consists of a variably sulfated repeating disaccharide unit.


A deoxypentose that is D-ribose in which the hydroxy group at position C-2 is replaced by hydrogen.


DODECANE

A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).


naringin

A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


A phenanthrol that is phenanthrene in which a hydrogen attached to a carbon in the central ring has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


piperine

A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.


ARACHIDIC ACID

A C20 striaght-chain saturated fatty acid which forms a minor constituent of peanut (L. arachis) and corn oils. Used as an organic thin film in the production of liquid crystals for a wide variety of technical applications.


A deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a diphosphate group at the 5'-position.


STIGMASTEROL

A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.


beta-alanine betaine

A beta-alanine derivative arising from quaternisation of the nitrogen of beta-alanine with three methyl groups and removal of the proton attached to the carboxy group. It is an osmoprotective compound accumulated by most members of the highly stress-tolerant Plumbaginaceae family.


FLUOROMETHANE

A member of the class of fluoromethanes that is methane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a fluorine atom.


ethyl N-acetyl-L-tyrosinate

An L-tyrosine derivative that is the ethyl ester of N-acetyltyrosine.


aminophenol

A substituted aniline carrying a hydroxy substituent. A 'closed class'.


chlorambucil

A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.


propanol

The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.


androsterone 3-glucosiduronic acid

A steroid glucosiduronic acid having androsterone as the steroid component.


GIBBERELLIN A3

A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants.  Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.


deoxycholic acid

A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.


testosterone 17-glucosiduronic acid

A steroid glucosiduronic that is testosterone carrying a glucosiduronic acid residue at position 17.


octanoic acid

A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.


An S-substituted L-cysteine where the S-substituent is specified as sulfanyl.


stearic acid

A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and  plastics.


dCDP

A 2'-deoxycytidine phosphate that is the 2'- deoxy derivative of cytidine 5'-diphosphate (CDP).


NAPHTHAZALIN

A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 8 are replaced by hydroxy groups.


PHENANTHRENE

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'


2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID

A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.


ENTEROBACTIN

A macrotriolide produced by certain members of Enterobacteriaceae, e.g. Escherichia coli and Salmonella.


p-toluate

A toluate that is the conjugate base of p-toluic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


A hex-3-en-1-ol in which the double bond adopts a Z-configuration. Also known as leaf alcohol, it is emitted by green plants upon mechanical damage. Used as a flavourant in tea.


The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane.


GLUCURONATE

A D-glucopyranuronic acid in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


gibberellin A8

A C19-gibberellin, initially identified in Phaseolus coccineus. It differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of an extra beta-OH group at C-3 (gibbane numbering).


dGDP

A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.


flavanones

Members of the class of flavans with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


tobramycin

A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.


TAUROCHOLIC ACID

A bile acid taurine conjugate of  cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.


LIGNOCERIC ACID

A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.


Propionyl-Carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine compound having propanoyl as the acyl substituent.


fatty acid anion

The conjugate base of a fatty acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of the corresponding fatty acid.


menadione

A member of the class of 1,4-naphthoquinones that is 1,4-naphthoquinone which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. It is used as a nutritional supplement and for the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia.


A retinoid that is retinoic acid in which the carboxy proton has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


A methyladenine that is 9H-purin-6-amine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen.


o-toluate

A toluate that is the conjugate base of o-toluic acid.


cis-2-coumaric acid

The cis-isomer of 2-coumaric acid.


phosphatidylinositol

Any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol.


myristic acid

A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.


melphalan

A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.


DODECANOL

A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.


9-O-acetylneuraminic acid

The acetate ester of the primary hydroxy group of neuraminic acid.


(S)-mevalonic acid

The (S)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (S)-2-benzoylsuccinic acid.


acetanilide

A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.


BUTYL ALCOHOL

A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.


ofatumumab

An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two methyl groups.


ganglioside

A molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids linked on the sugar chain.


A 2-acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the 2-O-acyl component is specifed as arachidonoyl.


A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.


PENTADECANE

A straight-chain alkane with 15 carbon atoms. It is a component of volatile oils isolated from plants species like Scandix balansae.


A diadenosyl pentaphosphate having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(5)-positions.


N-alkylphthalic monoamide

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from formal condensation between one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with any primary alkylamine.


busulfan

A methanesulfonate ester that is butane-1,4-diol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups are replaced by methanesulfonyl groups. An alkylating antineoplastic agent, it is used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (although it has been largely replaced by newer drugs). It is also used as an insect sterilant.


N-phenylhydroxylamine

An  N-substituted amine that is a derivative of aniline in which one of the amino hydrogen atoms is replaced with a hydroxy substituent.


DECANOL

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.


N-formylisoglutamic acid

A 1,5-dicarboxylic acid compound having a 3-formamido substituent.


A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid

A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.


bambermycin

A glycophospholipid antibiotic compound with the lipid portion conjugated to a pentasaccharide fraction via a phosphate linkage.


IPRODIONE

An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.


cob(III)alamin

A cobalamin in which the central cobalt atom has an oxidation state of +3.


limit dextrin

Limit dextrin is the remaining polymer produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectine with an amylase.


A 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices.


A 1-acylglycerophosphoinositol in which sn-glycerol, acylated at O(1), is linked through a phospho group at O(3) to O(1) of D-myo-inositol.


fosfomycin

A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.


dihydromyricetin

A hexahydroxyflavanone that is the 2,3-dihydro derivative of myricetin.


(-)-adrenaline

The R-enantiomer of adrenaline. It is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in the 'fight-or-flight' response.


estrone 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

The 3-beta-D-glucuronide of estrone.


N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

A glyco-amino acid compound consisting of an N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl group attached to L-alanine via an amide linkage.


Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-7.


prostaglandin F2beta

A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is the 9beta-hydroxy epimer of prostaglandin F2alpha.


An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.


sakuranetin

A flavonoid phytoalexin that is (S)-naringenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group.


An adenosine 3'-phosphate with a monophosphate group at the 3'-position.


laetisaric acid

A C18, straight-chain, hydroxy fatty acid composed of linoleic acid having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 8-position.


An oxaspiro compound that is(5beta,25R)-spirostan substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


ergocalciferol

A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.


A hexadec-2-enoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (E)-hexadec-2-enoic acid.


A lysophosphatidylethanolamine obtained by selective hydrolysis of the 1-acyl substituent of any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.


(-)-abscisic acid

The (1'R)-(-) enantiomer of abscisic acid, which does not occur naturally.


ammonium

An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia.


acetylcysteine

An  N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.


imazamethabenz-methyl

A mixture of rac-methyl 6-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-m-toluate and rac-methyl 6-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-p-toluate in the ratio 3:2. A proherbicide (by ester hydrolysis) for imazamethabenz, it is used to control grasses and other weeds in winter cereal crops.


docosanoic acid

A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid.


CDP-alpha-D-glucose

A CDP-D-glucose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


N-acylsphingosine 1-phosphoethanolamine

A ceramide phosphoethanolamine in which the sphingoid component is specified as sphing-4-enine (sphingosine).


theobromine

A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.


An organosulfonic acid that consists of 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid bearing a sulfo group at position 2.


GRAMINE

An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.


N-methyl-N-picrylnitramine

A nitramine that is methylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a nitro group while the other is substituted by a 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group. A yellow crystalline powder, it is a high explosive, capable of being detonated by friction, shock, or a spark.


A C21-steroid hormone that is 5alpha-pregnane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a metabolite of progestrone.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.


3-methyl-cis,cis-muconic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is cis,cis-muconic acid in which the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a methyl group.


astemizole

A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.


amino sugar

Any sugar having one or more alcoholic hydroxy groups replaced by substituted or unsubstituted amino groups.


phenoxyacetyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of phenoxyacetic acid.


dicarboxylic acid dianion

A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid.


name: N'-phosphoguanidinoethyl methyl hydrogen phosphate


dimethyltryptamine

A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.


astragaloside III

A triterpenoid saponin that is cycloastragenol with a 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl moiety attached at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls carrying hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 2'.


ampicillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.


strychnine

A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.


A cyclohexenediol that has cis hydroxy groups at C-1 and C-2, double bonds at  C-3 and C-5, and a 4-chlorophenyl substituent at C-3, the configurations at C-1 and C-2 being S and R respectively.


A cyclohexadienediol that is cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diol in which positions 2 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.


A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.


A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid formed by biodegradative cleavage of the dihydroxylated aromatic ring of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is catechol in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a p-chlorophenyl group.


DL-ANABASINE

A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3.


ABIETIC ACID

An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18.


trans-astringin

A stilbenoid that is piceatannol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


Any aldono-1,5-lactone  having 2S,3R-threo stereochemistry. A representative structure is provided.


2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylic acid

A chromenemonocarboxylic acid that consists of chromene bearing carboxy and hydroxy substituents at the 2-position.


cis-acetylacrylic acid

A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (Z)-pent-2-enoic acid in which the 4-position has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone.


A chlorobenzoate obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid.


pinocarvone

A bridged compound resulting from rearrangement of carvone.


A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced by a hydrogen.


An optically active form of 3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate having (3R)-configuration.


L-citramalic acid

The L-enantiomer of citramalic acid.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxylic acid group of 3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoic acid.


CYCLOHEXANE

An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.


Conjugate base of N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid.


ceftriaxone

A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.


N-METHYLHISTAMINE

A primary amino compound that is the N(tele)-methyl derivative of histamine.


fusidic acid

A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.


arginine

An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.


A 1-O-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine having (R)-configuration.


name: colominic acid (non-reducing N- or O-acylneuraminyl residue)


NONANOATE

A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.


neral

An enal that is 3,7-dimethyloctanal with unsaturation at positions C-2 and C-6. It has been isolated form the essential oils of plant species like lemon.


HEXANE

An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.


A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.


4-methyl-3-oxopentanoic acid

A branched-chain fatty acid that is 4-methylpentanoic acid carrying an oxo substituent at C-3.


urobilinogen

A member of the class of bilanes that is a colourless product formed in the intestine by the reduction of bilirubin.


glucobrassicin

An indolylmethylglucosinolic acid that is 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose having a 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-(sulfooxy)ethanimidoyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.


HYPOPHOSPHOROUS ACID

A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to two hydrogens and a hydroxy group and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphinic acids.


(R)-pantothenate

A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


A divalent metal cation in which the metal is manganese.


An ion of copper carrying a double positive charge.


A phosphatidylglycerol that is the 3'-O-L-lysyl of any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-sn-glycerol.


atenolol

An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.


A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


maleamic acid

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide of maleamic acid.


A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that results from the removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvic acid.


lipid IVA

A tetra-acylated lipid A produced by E. coli as an intermediate in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway.


alpha-pinene oxide

An epoxide of alpha-pinene.


mimosine

An L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica.


carboxylic acid anion

The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.


PHTHALIC ACID

A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.


dolichyl palmitate

An acyldolichol obtained by formal condensation of the hydroxy group of dolichol with the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.


athyriol

A member of the class of  xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 6 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 3.


oxedrine

A  phenethylamine alkaloid that is 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and a methyl group at the amino nitrogen.


An L-alpha-amino acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy groups and protonation of the secondary amino group of N-methyl-L-glutamic acid.


A fructan in which the D-fructose building blocks are connected by beta-(2->1) linkages.


A seco-androstane that is hexahydro-1H-indene-1,5(4H)-dione which is substituted at the 7a position by a methyl group and at the 4 position by a 1-carboxy-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxohepta-1,3-dien-7-yl group (the S,S,S-diastereoisomer).


1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

An sn-glycerol 3-phosphate compound having unspecified O-acyl groups at the 1- and 2-positions.


atisine

A organic heterohexacyclic compound and diterpene alkaloid isolated from Aconitum anthora. In solution, it is a 2:1 mixture of readily interconvertible epimers at position 20 (the carbon attached to both the nitrogen and an oxygen atom).


A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium.


A monoatomic monocation obtained from potassium.


A branched amino pentasaccharide consisting of a linear chain of four alpha-linked D-mannose residues, with an N-acetyl glucosamine residue joined to residue 3, also via an alpha-linkage.


A deoxyribulose phosphate that is D-ribulose 5-phosphate in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is replaced by a 2-carboxyphenylamino group.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone that contains an additional double bond between positions 6 and 7.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (2-trans,4-cis)-deca-2,4-dienoic acid.


A monovalent inorganic cation resulting from the removal of the unpaired electron from nitric oxide.


An inorganic anion resulting from the addition of an electron to nitric oxide.


An arsenate ion resulting from the removal of three protons from arsenic acid.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of trans-dec-3-enoic acid.


A quinolizidine alkaloid obtained by formal dehydrogenation at the 2,3-position of sparteine.


desloratadine

Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an  antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.


pyridine N-oxide

The pyridine N-oxide derived from the parent pyridine. It is a drug metabolite of the antihypertensive agent pinacidil.


atracurium

A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of cis-dec-4-enoic acid.


eptifibatide

A synthetic homodetic cyclic peptide comprising N(alpha)-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)homoarginyl, glycyl, aspartyl, tryptophyl, prolyl and cysteinamide residues connected in sequence and cyclised via a disulfide bond. Derived from a protein found in the venom of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarus barbouri, eptifibatide is an anti-coagulant that inhibits platelet aggregation by selectively blocking the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, so preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive ligands. It is used in the management of unstable angina and in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty and stenting procedures.


phosphinate

A phosphorus oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from the hydroxy group of phosphinic acid.


THIOCYANIC ACID

A hydracid that is cyanic acid in which the oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom.


isocyanic acid

A colourless, volatile, poisonous inorganic compound with the formula HNCO; the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly-found elements in organic chemistry and biology.


A quinolin-4-one having methyl and hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 3-positions respectively.


hydrofluoric acid

A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.


iodite

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of iodous acid.


hypoiodite

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of hypoiodous acid.


deuteron

Nucleus of the (2)H atom.


triton

Nucleus of the (3)H atom.


protium atom

The stable isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 1.007825 and a natural abundance of 99.9885 atom percent (from Greek pirhoomegatauomicronsigma, first).


deuterium atom

The stable isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 2.014102 and a natural abundance of 0.0115 atom percent (from Greek deltaepsilonupsilontauepsilonrhoomicronnu, second).


tritium atom

The radioactive isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 3.016049 and half-life of 12.33 years (from Greek taurhoiotatauomicronsigma, third).


hydride

The general name for the hydrogen anion H(-), to be used without regard to the hydrogen nuclear mass (either for hydrogen in its natural abundance or where it is not desired to distinguish between the isotopes).


An arsenite ion resulting from the removal of a proton from one of the hydroxy groups of arsenous acid.


An arsenite ion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of arsenous acid.


hypomanganate

A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from hypomanganic acid.


perbromate

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perbromic acid.


bromite

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of bromous acid.


hypobromite

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of hypobromous acid.


thiol

An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.


dihydrogenphosphite

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of phosphorous acid.


hydrogenphosphite

A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.


A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from diphosphonic acid.


peroxyphosphate

A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from peroxyphosphoric acid.


S-alkyl thiosulfate

An organic thiosulfate compound having an S-alkyl substituent.


auriculoside

A  flavan glycoside that is (2S)-flavan substituted by a methoxy group at position 4', hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 5' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 3 respectively.


thionyl chloride

A sulfinyl halide in which both of the halide atoms are chorines.


oxalonitrile

A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.


oxidooxomethyl

An organic radical anion obtained from carbon dioxide. It is a metabolite of carbon tetrachloride.


oxomethyl

An organic radical derived from formaldehyde.


avadharidine

A diterpenoid having an aconitane skeleton bearing multiple substituents.


A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia.


monocarboxylic acid amide

A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.


fatty amide

A monocarboxylic acid amide derived from a fatty acid.


phosgene

An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.


SULFAMIDE

The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to two amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.


avenacoside A

A steroid saponin obtained from grain and leaves of oats (Avena sativa) that is nuatigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 26 is converted into its beta-D-glucoside and in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is converted into its methyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside derivative.


avenacoside B

A steroid saponin obtained from grain and leaves of oats (Avena sativa) that is nuatigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 26 is converted to its beta-D-glucoside and in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is converted into its methyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside derivative.


cyclooctasulfur

A homomonocyclic compound composed of eight sulfur atoms. It has been isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, a mushroom commonly used in Chinese medicine.


silane

The simplest silane, consisting of a single silicon atom carrying four hydrogens.


AXILLARIN

A dimethoxyflavone that is the 3,6-dimethyl ether derivative of  quercetagetin.


AZADIRACTIN

A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).


azafenidin

A triazolopyridine that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one which is substituted at position 2 by a 2,4-dichloro-5-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl group. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide to control weeds in fruit crops such as pineapple, citrus, melons, and grapes. Not approved for use within the European Union.


azaleatin

A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is replaced by a methoxy group.


NEROL

The (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass.


(5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid

The (5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-isomer of icosapentaenoic acid.


azatadine

A benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine having a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group at the 11-position.


A macrolide that consists of oxacyclododec-9-ene-2,8-dione bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 5, 7 and 11 as well as a hydroxy group at position 4 and an ethyl substituent at position 12. The aglycone of the macrolide antibiotic 10-deoxymethymycin.


2,3-didehydro-gibberellin A9

A C19-gibberellin obtained by formal dehydrogenation across the 2,3-position of gibberellin A9.


2,6-diamino-7-hydroxy-azelaic acid

A alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is azelaic acid substituted by amino groups at positions 2 and 6.


A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


A 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.


A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups.


3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid carrying an additional amino substitutent at position 3.


3-HYDROXYHEXADECANOIC ACID METHYL ESTER

A  fatty acid methyl ester of 3-hydroxypalmitic acid.


azathioprine

A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.


Pentane substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by oxo groups, at the 4- and 5-positions by hydroxy groups and with S stereoconfiguration at C-4.


A 3-oxoacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 4-isopropenyl-2-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.


A macrolide antibiotic that is tylactone having a beta-D-mycaminosyl residue attached at position 5.


azelastine

A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.


A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.


A cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces toyocaensis.


CETHROMYCIN

A macrolide antibiotic which displays in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is currently under investigation for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have also granted orphan drug designation to cethromycin for the treatment of anthrax prophylaxis, tularemia, and plague (PDB entry: 1NWX).


3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 3-hydroxybenzoic acid carrying an additional amino substitutent at position 4.


abietal

A derivative of abieta-7,13-diene having an oxo group on one of the gem-dimethyl groups.


abietol

An abietane diterpenoid having the skeleton of abietane with double bonds at C-7 and C-13 and a hydroxy function at C-18.


5-amino-5-deoxy-3-dehydroshikimic acid

A gamma-amino acid that is shikimic acid in which the 3- and 5-hydroxy groups are replaced by oxo and amino groups respectively.


ansamitocin P3

A polyketide antibiotic that is isolated from Actinosynnema pretiosum and also exhibits antitumour activity.


GUTHION

A member of the class of  benzotriazines that is  1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.


name: Streptomyces coelicolor calcium-dependent antibiotic CDA4b


azithromycin

A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.


CHLOROEREMOMYCIN

A complex glycopeptide antibiotic that is isolated from Amycolatopsis orientalis.


azlocillin

A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.


An anthocyanin cation that is cyanidin substituted at position 3 by a 6-O-(trans-4 coumaryl)-beta-D-glucosyl residue


cyclo(DeltaAla-L-Val)

A 2,5-diketopiperazine where the substituents are methylidene and (S)-isopropyl at positions  3 and 6 respectively.


DEHYDROABIETIC ACID

An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group.


demethyllactenocin

A macrolide antibiotic that is tylonolide having 6-deoxy-beta-D-allopyranosyl and  beta-D-mycaminosyl residues attached to two of its hydroxy groups..


EPOTHILONE D

An epithilone that is epithilone C in which the hydrogen at position 13 of the oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione macrocycle has been replaced by a methyl group.


ASCOMYCIN

A macrolide that is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and exhibits strong immunosuppressant properties.


An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is cyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid carrying an amino group at position 5.


gibberellin A14

A C20-gibberellin, initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi. It differs from gibberellin A12 in the presence of a beta-OH at C-2 (gibbane numbering).


gibberellin A14 aldehyde

A C20-gibberellin obtained by selective reduction of the 10beta-carboxy group of gibberellin A14.


azocyclotin

A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a tricyclohexylstannyl group.


choline phosphate(1-)

The organophosphate oxoanion formed from choline by removal of two protons from the phosphate group. Major species at pH 7.3.


gibberellin A5

A C19-gibberellin initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi and differing from gibberellin A1 by the absence of the OH at C-2 and the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-3 (gibbane numbering).


gibberellin A51-catabolite

A tetracyclic diterpenoid obtained by catabolism of gibberellin A51.


gibberellin A53 aldehyde

A C20-gibberellin obtained by selective reduction of the 10beta-carboxy group of gibberellin A53.


gibberellin A6

A C19-gibberellin, initially identified in Phaseolus coccineus and differing from gibberellin A1 by the conversion of the OH at C-2 (gibbane numbering) into an epoxide across C-2 and C-3.


gibberellin A8-catabolite

A tetracyclic diterpenoid obtained by catabolism of gibberellin A8.


gibberellin A9

A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi it differs from gibberellin A1 in the absence of OH groups at C-2 and C-7 (gibbane numberings).


ISOFORMONENTIN

A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted at positions 4' and 7 by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.


A macrolide that is oleandolide having a 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-Larabino-hexopyranosyl (alpha-L-oleandrosyl) residue attached at position 3.


A macrolide that is oleandolide having a 2,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl (alpha-L-olivosyl) residue attached at position 3.


KRESOXIM-METHYL

A carboxylic ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino){2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acetic acid. A fungicide for the control of scab on apples and pears and other fungal diseases on a wide range of crops.


luteoliflavan

A tetrahydroxyflavan in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3', 4', 5 and 7.


MANUMYCIN A

A polyketide with formula C31H38N2O7 initially isolated from Streptomyces parvulus as a result of a random screening program for farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors. It is a natural product that exhibits anticancer and antibiotic properties.


METHYMYCIN

A twelve-membered macrolide antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae.


N-(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone

A N-acyl homoserine lactone that is the monocarboxylic acid amide arising from formal condensation of homoserine lactone with 3-oxododecanoic acid.


N-(3-oxohexanoyl)homoserine lactone

A N-acyl homoserine lactone that is the monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-oxohexanoic acid with the amino group of homoserine lactone.


N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having butyryl as the acyl substituent.


narbomycin

A macrolide antibiotic that is narbonolide having a 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residue attached at position 6. It is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae.


narbonolide

A 14-membererd macrolide containing seven stereocentres carrying one ethyl, one hydroxy and five methyl substituents. It is the aglycone of the antibiotic narbonomycin and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of pikromycin.


neoabietadiene

An abietadiene in which the two double bonds are located at the 8(14)- and 13(15)-positions.


zinostatin

A naphthoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of (1aS,5R,6R,6aE,9aR)-5-hydroxy-1a-[(4R)-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,3,8,9-tetradehydro-1a,5,6,9a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[5,6]cyclonona[1,2-b]oxiren-6-yl 2,6-dideoxy-2-(methylamino)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. The chromophoric part of neocarzinostatin, it is tightly and non-covelently bound to a 113-membered apoprotein, which serves to protect it and release it to the target DNA.


oleandolide

A 14-membererd macrolide containing ten stereocentres carrying one epoxymethano, three hydroxy and five methyl substituents. It is the aglycone of the antibiotic oleandomycin.


pikromycin

A macrolide antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae.