name: negative regulation of glomerular filtration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


name: negative regulation of glomerular filtration by angiotensin

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the process whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


name: negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal

description: Any process which decreases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


name: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating norepinephrine

description: The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


name: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine

description: The process in which the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


name: positive regulation of heart rate by circulating epinephrine

description: The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


name: positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal epinephrine

description: The process in which the secretion of epinephrine from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


name: positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal norepinephrine

description: The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


name: positive regulation of heart rate by circulating norepinephrine

description: The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


name: regulation of vasoconstriction by epinephrine

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


name: regulation of vasoconstriction by norepinephrine

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


name: regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating norepinephrine

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.


name: regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal norepinephrine

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.


name: regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal epinephrine

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.


name: regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.


epinephrine-mediated vasodilation

description: A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


norepinephrine-mediated vasodilation

description: A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


detection of nodal flow

description: The series of events by which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cilium on a cell and converted to a molecular signal contributing to left/right asymmetry.


heart field specification

description: The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area in which the heart will develop.


heart induction

description: The close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.


mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells.


name: mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells.


name: endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


primary heart field specification

description: The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.


secondary heart field specification

description: The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).


name: determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm

description: The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.


cardiogenic plate morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field.


embryonic heart tube morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


embryonic heart tube formation

description: The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


name: embryonic heart tube formation via epithelial folding

description: The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis.


heart jogging

description: The morphogenetic process in which the heart cone is displaced to the left with respect to the vector of the anterior-posterior axis.


name: neural crest cell migration involved in heart formation

description: The characteristic movement of a cell from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube towards the heart and that contributes to heart formation.


outflow tract septum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.


membranous septum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.


muscular septum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum.


outflow tract morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


name: morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation

description: The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation.


closure of embryonic heart tube

description: Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.


regulation of animal organ formation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.


endocardium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


endothelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


morphogenesis of an endothelium

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


endocardium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


cardiac conduction system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.


atrioventricular node development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system.


sinoatrial node development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.


His-Purkinje system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


Purkinje myocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle.


bundle of His development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bundle of His over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bundle of His is part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


name: atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


Purkinje myocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle.


coronary vein morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized.


heart valve development

description: The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion.


atrioventricular valve development

description: The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


sinoatrial valve development

description: The progression of the sinoatrial valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ventriculo bulbo valve development

description: The progression of the ventriculo bulbo valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


mitral valve development

description: The progression of the mitral valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


tricuspid valve development

description: The progression of the tricuspid valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


aortic valve development

description: The progression of the aortic valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


pulmonary valve development

description: The progression of the pulmonary valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


coronary sinus valve development

description: The progression of the valve of the coronary sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


heart valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized.


aortic valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized.


atrioventricular valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized.


coronary sinus valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the coronary sinus valve is generated and organized.


mitral valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the mitral valve is generated and organized.


pulmonary valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized.


sinoatrial valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized.


tricuspid valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized.


ventriculo bulbo valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the ventriculo bulbo valve is generated and organized.


heart valve formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


aortic valve formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the aortic valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


atrioventricular valve formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the atrioventricular valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


coronary sinus valve formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the coronary sinus valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


mitral valve formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mitral valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


pulmonary valve formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pulmonary valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


sinoatrial valve formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinoatrial valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


tricuspid valve formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the tricuspid valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


ventriculo bulbo valve formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ventriculo bulbo valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


endocardial cushion development

description: The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


name: epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

description: A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion.


name: endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation

description: A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of a cardiac valve.


name: endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart chamber septation

description: A transition where an endocardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the heart septum.


name: epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in coronary vasculature morphogenesis

description: A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the shaping of the coronary vasculature.


name: endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac skeleton development

description: A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will give rise to the cardiac skeleton.


endocardial cushion morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


cardiac skeleton development

description: The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.


cardiac chamber development

description: The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


cardiac chamber morphogenesis

description: The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


cardiac chamber formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


cardiac ventricle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


cardiac atrium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


cardiac atrium formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


cardiac ventricle formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


cardiac left atrium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized.


cardiac right atrium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized.


cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.


cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.


cardiac left atrium formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.


cardiac right atrium formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.


cardiac left ventricle formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


cardiac right ventricle formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


name: left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


name: right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


name: ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


name: ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the compact cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


name: left ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


name: left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.


name: right ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


name: right ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized.


name: atrial cardiac muscle tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cardiac atrium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


cardiac ventricle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


bulbus arteriosus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bulbus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber.


bulbus arteriosus morphogenesis

description: The process in which the bulbus arteriosus is generated and organized. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic cardiac chamber.


bulbus arteriosus formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the bulbus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic chamber of the heart.


sinus venosus development

description: The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


sinus venosus morphogenesis

description: The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


sinus venosus formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


conus arteriosus development

description: The progression of the conus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


conus arteriosus morphogenesis

description: The process in which the conus arteriosus is generated and organized. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


conus arteriosus formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the conus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


growth involved in heart morphogenesis

description: Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


cardiac chamber ballooning

description: The morphogenic growth in which the chambers of the heart expand in size, contributing to their shaping.


name: circumferential growth involved in left ventricle morphogenesis

description: The morphogenetic growth in which the left ventricle grows expanding its external boundary.


name: radial growth involved in right ventricle morphogenesis

description: The morphogenic growth in which the right ventricle grows along a radial axis.


name: cardiac muscle tissue growth involved in heart morphogenesis

description: The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


name: embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis

description: The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the embryonic period, that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


name: post-embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis

description: The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the postembryonic period that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


heart capillary growth

description: The increase in heart capillaries that accompanies physiological hypertrophy of cardiac muscle.


name: cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

description: The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


name: regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


name: positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


name: negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


name: cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

description: The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.


regulation of membrane depolarization

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive.


name: endocardial precursor cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate.


cardioblast anterior-lateral migration

description: The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the head and laterally to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


cardioblast migration

description: The orderly movement of a cardiac progenitor cell to form the heart field. Cardiac progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into cells of the heart. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


name: cardiac muscle progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation

description: The orderly movement of a myocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into myocardial cells of the heart.


name: endocardial progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation

description: The orderly movement of an endocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into endocardial cells of the heart.


cardioblast proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of cardioblasts, resulting in the expansion of the population in the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


regulation of cardioblast proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


name: regulation of primary heart field cardioblast proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the primary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.


name: regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


name: Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


name: smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


endocardial cushion formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


name: cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation

description: The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


endocardial cushion fusion

description: The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping.


name: apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

description: Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


name: apoptotic process involved in heart valve morphogenesis

description: Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


name: apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

description: Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


name: apoptotic process involved in heart morphogenesis

description: Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


cardiac septum development

description: The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


ventricular septum development

description: The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure.


name: ventricular septum intermedium development

description: The progression of the ventricular septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


atrial septum development

description: The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


septum primum development

description: The progression of the septum primum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


septum secundum development

description: The progression of the septum secundum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


atrial septum intermedium development

description: The progression of the atrial septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: ventricular septum intermedium morphogenesis

description: The developmental process in which a ventricular septum intermedium is generated and organized.


atrial septum primum morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized.


atrial septum secundum morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized.


atrial septum intermedium morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum intermedium is generated and organized.


cardiac septum cell differentiation

description: The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum.


heart valve cell differentiation

description: The process in which an endocardial cushion cell give rise to a cell that is part of a heart valve.


atrial ventricular junction remodeling

description: The reorganization or renovation of heart tissue that contributes to the maturation of the connection between an atrium and a ventricle.


name: cell proliferation involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling

description: The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


name: apoptotic process involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling

description: Any apoptotic process that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


heart wedging

description: The morphogenetic process in which the aorta inserts between the atrioventricular valves, contributing to the shaping of the heart.


physiological muscle hypertrophy

description: The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.


name: muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

description: The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


cardiac muscle hypertrophy

description: The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.


name: physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy

description: The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.


name: myocardial epithelial involution involved in heart jogging

description: The morphogenetic process in which the myocardium bends along a linear axis and contributes to the process of heart jogging.


name: cell migration involved in heart jogging

description: The orderly movement of a cell of the myocardium from one site to another that will contribute to heart jogging.


name: Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


name: regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


name: negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


type B pancreatic cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


pancreatic A cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


pancreatic D cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


pancreatic PP cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


heart rudiment development

description: The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.


heart rudiment morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized.


heart rudiment formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment.


name: establishment of myocardial progenitor cell apical/basal polarity

description: The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an myocardial progenitor cell that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


cardioblast cell midline fusion

description: The attachment of cardiac progenitor cells to one another that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


name: cell migration to the midline involved in heart development

description: The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


name: cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart rudiment formation

description: The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline that contributes to the initial appearance of the heart rudiment.


heart rudiment involution

description: The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube.


name: positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine

description: Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine.


pancreatic A cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


type B pancreatic cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


pancreatic D cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


pancreatic PP cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


pancreatic A cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic A cell and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


type B pancreatic cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of a cell to a type B pancreatic cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


pancreatic D cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic D cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic D cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


pancreatic PP cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


name: regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


name: positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


name: negative regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


amino acid transmembrane transport

description: The process in which an amino acid is transported across a membrane.


keratinocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


corneocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A corneocyte is the last stage of development of a keratinocyte where the keratinocyte flattens, loses its nucleus and eventually delaminates from the epidermis.


corneocyte desquamation

description: The delamination process that results in the shedding of a corneocyte from the surface of the epidermis.


name: mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

description: A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


metanephros morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized.


name: regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


name: negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


cilium movement

description: The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


proepicardium development

description: The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum.


septum transversum development

description: The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.


pericardium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized.


name: proepicardium cell migration involved in pericardium morphogenesis

description: The coordinated movement of a mesenchymal proepicardial cell to the surface of the developing heart.


name: epicardium-derived cell migration to the myocardium

description: The orderly movement of a cell that have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition from the epicardium into the myocardium.


name: epicardial cell to mesenchymal cell transition

description: A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. The epicardium is a part of the pericardium.


name: cardiac endothelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


name: epicardium-derived cardiac endothelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


pulmonary myocardium development

description: The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.


name: epithelial cilium movement involved in extracellular fluid movement

description: The directed, self-propelled movement of cilia of epithelial cells. Depending on the type of cell, there may be one or many cilia per cell. This movement is usually coordinated between many epithelial cells, and serves to move extracellular fluid.


regulation of cilium movement

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


positive regulation of cilium movement

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


negative regulation of cilium movement

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


name: cilium movement involved in otolith formation

description: The directed, self-propelled movement of cilia of inner ear epithelial cells, resulting the aggregation of otolith seed particles.


regulation of cilium beat frequency

description: Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


noradrenergic neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.


noradrenergic neuron development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


noradrenergic neuron fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron.


brainstem development

description: The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord.


name: noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


name: noradrenergic neuron fate commitment involved in brainstem development

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


name: lamellipodium assembly involved in ameboidal cell migration

description: Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self propelled movement of a cell.


name: lamellipodium assembly involved in mesendodermal cell migration

description: Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self-propelled movement of a mesendodermal cell.


name: establishment of cell polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration

description: The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell.


name: cell-matrix adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration

description: The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of an ameboid cell.


name: cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration

description: The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells.


name: cell-matrix adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration

description: The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


name: establishment of cell polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration

description: The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


name: cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration

description: The attachment of mesendodermal cells to each other that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of the cells of the mesendoderm.


name: establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell.


name: establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating mesendodermal cell.


name: sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by sphingosine-1-phosphate binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration

description: The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


name: establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in gastrulation

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


name: epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in gastrulation

description: The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


epithelial cell morphogenesis

description: The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.


apical constriction

description: The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell.


name: apical constriction involved in gastrulation

description: The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


amphid sensory organ development

description: The progression of the amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes.


name: neuron differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that contributes to the progression of the amphid sensory gland.


name: neuron development involved in amphid sensory organ development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, that contributes to the development of the amphid sensory organ.


retrograde extension

description: The progression of a neuronal projection over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


name: dendrite development by retrograde extension

description: The progression of a dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the neuron to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


name: amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

description: The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


name: cell adhesion involved in retrograde extension

description: The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


name: neuron migration involved in retrograde extension

description: The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


name: cell adhesion involved in dendrite retrograde extension

description: The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.


name: neuron migration involved in dendrite retrograde extension

description: The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.


name: cell adhesion involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

description: The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite in a neuron of the amphid sensory organ.


name: neuron migration involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

description: The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite of a neuron in the amphid sensory organ.


name: glial cell differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the amphid sensory organ.


cytoneme morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a cytoneme are shaped. A cytoneme is a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.


regulation of COPII vesicle coating

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


axis elongation

description: The developmental growth that results in the elongation of a line that defines polarity or symmetry in an anatomical structure.


name: planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation.


optic vesicle formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


optic vesicle morphogenesis

description: The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


optic vesicle elongation

description: The developmental growth that results in the lengthening of the optic vesicle in the posterior direction.


retinal pigment epithelium development

description: The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.


neural retina development

description: The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.


name: optic cup formation involved in camera-type eye development

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic cup, a two-walled vesicle formed from the optic vesicle.


optic cup structural organization

description: The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.


anterior rotation of the optic cup

description: A 90 degree-rotation of the optic cup resulting in its alignment with the anterior-posterior body axis.


name: cell motility involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis

description: Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye.


name: establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis

description: The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of a camera-type eye.


name: chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


name: chondrocyte morphogenesis involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized.


chondrocyte hypertrophy

description: The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time.


endochondral bone growth

description: The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone.


growth plate cartilage development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow.


name: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


name: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


name: regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


name: growth plate cartilage axis specification

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the columnar cartilage along the axis of a long bone that contributes to bone growth.


growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


name: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

description: The process resulting in the oriented physical partitioning and separation of a chondrocytes in the growth plate.


name: establishment of cell polarity involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

description: The cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization that results in the directional division of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte.


name: establishment of mitotic spindle orientation involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

description: A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures and contributes to oriented chondrocyte division in the growth plate.


name: cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


name: regulation of cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


name: chondrocyte intercalation involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

description: The orderly movement of a chondrocyte from one site to another that contributes to the shaping of growth plate cartilage in an endochondral bone.


name: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte in the growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


name: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte growth

description: The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time from one condition to another.


name: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development

description: The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.


name: cell growth involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis

description: The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the shaping of the chondrocyte over time.


name: chondrocyte development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

description: The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone.


name: regulation of cell adhesion involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix and contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage of an endochondral bone.


name: regulation of cell communication involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication that contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.


nucleic acid binding

description: Binding to a nucleic acid.


DNA binding

description: Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


DNA helicase activity

description: Unwinding of a DNA helix, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA structure formed by the minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA regions. Examples of proteins having this function are AT-rich interaction domain (ARID)-containing proteins.


bent DNA binding

description: Binding to DNA in a bent conformation.


chromatin binding

description: Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


damaged DNA binding

description: Binding to damaged DNA.


DNA replication origin binding

description: Binding to a DNA replication origin, a unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA replication is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally.


DNA clamp loader activity

description: Facilitating the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their closing around the DNA duplex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


double-stranded DNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded DNA.


double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded telomere-associated DNA.


left-handed Z-DNA binding

description: Binding to DNA in the Z form, i.e. a left-handed helix in which the phosphate backbone zigzags.


P-element binding

description: Binding to a P-element, a class of Drosophila transposon responsible for hybrid dysgenesis.


satellite DNA binding

description: Binding to satellite DNA, the many tandem repeats (identical or related) of a short basic repeating unit; many have a base composition or other property different from the genome average that allows them to be separated from the bulk (main band) genomic DNA.


single-stranded DNA binding

description: Binding to single-stranded DNA.


name: DNA-binding transcription factor activity

description: A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.


nuclear steroid receptor activity

description: Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.


name: transcription elongation factor activity

description: A molecular function that stimulates the elongation properties of the RNA polymerase during the elongation phase of transcription. A subclass of transcription elongation factors enable the transition from transcription initiation to elongation, while another class rescue stalled RNA polymerases.


transcription coregulator activity

description: A transcription regulator activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coregulators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.


transcription coactivator activity

description: A transcription coregulator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coactivators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator.


transcription corepressor activity

description: A transcription coregulator activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.


telomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.


name: telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity

description: Catalysis of the extension of the 3' end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo; uses the RNA subunit of the telomerase enzyme complex as its template.


RNA binding

description: Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.


RNA helicase activity

description: Unwinding of an RNA helix, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


double-stranded RNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded RNA.


name: double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a double-stranded RNA molecule.


single-stranded RNA binding

description: Binding to single-stranded RNA.


mRNA binding

description: Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.


mRNA 3'-UTR binding

description: Binding to a 3' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule.


structural constituent of ribosome

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome.


translation initiation factor activity

description: Functions in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.


translation elongation factor activity

description: Functions in chain elongation during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


translation release factor activity

description: Involved in catalyzing the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.


name: peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-proline (omega=180) = peptidyl-proline (omega=0).


protein disulfide isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the rearrangement of both intrachain and interchain disulfide bonds in proteins.


cytoskeletal motor activity

description: Generation of force resulting in movement, for example along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission or rotation of a flagellum. The energy required is obtained either from the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate or by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force).


microtubule motor activity

description: A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


actin binding

description: Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.


actin monomer binding

description: Binding to monomeric actin, also known as G-actin.


actin lateral binding

description: Binding to an actin filament along its length.


actin filament severing activity

description: Binding to an actin subunit and promoting its dissociation from an actin filament by a local change in actin subunit conformation and orientation, and severing of filaments.


lysozyme activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the beta-(1->4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-[protein] + L-lysyl-[protein] = [protein]-L-lysyl-N(6)-5-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4+. This reaction is the formation of the N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptide, resulting in cross-linking polypeptide chains; the gamma-carboxamide groups of peptidyl-glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of peptidyl-lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and intermolecular N6-(5-glutamyl)lysine cross-links.


antigen binding

description: Binding to an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen. Antigen binding by an MHC protein complex allows the antigen to be displayed to a T cell or NK cell.


catalytic activity

description: Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.


name: alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose-6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + H+ + UDP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + 4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide.


beta-alanyl-dopamine hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-beta-alanyl dopamine + H2O = dopamine + beta-alanine.


beta-alanyl amine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the synthesis of beta-alanyl amine conjugate from a precursor biogenic amine, such as dopamine or histamine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-beta-carotene + O2 = 2 all-trans-retinal.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactoside = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl derivative + CMP + H+.


name: beta-galactoside (CMP) alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R.


beta-ureidopropionase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + CO2 + NH3.


sterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + zymosterol = fecosterol + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid = 5-oxoproline + L-amino acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate.


description: H2O + L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD+ = 2 H+ + L-glutamate + NADH.


1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


name: 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan chain to a primary hydroxyl group in a similar glucan chain.


name: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD(P)+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NAD(P)H + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 2-acylglycerol = CoA + diacylglycerol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate + phosphate.


2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate + H2O = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + phosphate.


N-acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + H+ + UDP.


2-isopropylmalate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


name: 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid + NAD+ = a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid + NADH + H+. Also acts on on 3-beta-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one to form progesterone.


3-dehydroquinate dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydroquinate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H2O.


3-dehydroquinate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate = 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = acetoacetate + H+ + NADH.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate.


3-isopropylmalate dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD+ = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + H+.


name: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoamide + CO2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + reduced acceptor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.


4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + amino group acceptor = succinate semialdehyde + amino acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2.


5-aminolevulinate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H+ + succinyl-CoA = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine = L-methionine + tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.


6-phosphofructokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose-6-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + ATP = beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H+ + triphosphate.


ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine + H2O = L-arginine + ADP-ribose.


AMP deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = IMP + NH3.


name: ATP:ADP adenylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + ATP = phosphate + P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate.


ATP citrate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + ADP + H+ + oxaloacetate + phosphate = ATP + citrate + CoA.


ATP phosphoribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + diphosphate = ATP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


name: protein C-terminal carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of a carboxyl group at the C-terminal of a protein.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + CDP-diacylglycerol = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + CMP + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + L-serine = CMP + O-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine.


CTP synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UTP + glutamine + H20= ADP + phosphate + CTP + glutamate.


D-amino-acid oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O2 = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O2 + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-methylcytosine.


DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a DNA template and a 3'hydroxyl group.


DNA primase activity

description: Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases. In certain conditions, for example in response to DNA damage, some primases synthesize a DNA primer.


name: DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template, i.e. the catalysis of DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). This reaction represents the reactivation of irradiated DNA by light.


alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with alkylated base + H2O = DNA with abasic site + alkylated base. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove an alkylated base, leaving an apyrimidinic or apurinic site.


name: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of the C-O-P bond in the AP site created when DNA glycosylase removes a damaged base, involved in the DNA base excision repair pathway (BER).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: DNA (containing 6-O-methylguanine) + (protein)-L-cysteine = DNA (without 6-O-methylguanine) + protein S-methyl-L-cysteine.


DNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NAD+.


DNA ligase (ATP) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


DNA ligase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + nicotinamide nucleotide + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).


DNA photolyase activity

description: Catalysis of the repair of a photoproduct resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of two adjacent pyrimidine residues in DNA.


DNA (6-4) photolyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). Catalyzes the reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.


DNA topoisomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual DNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in double-stranded DNA.


name: DNA topoisomerase type I (single strand cut, ATP-independent) activity

description: Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving one DNA strand at a time to allow passage of another strand; changes the linking number by +1 per catalytic cycle.


name: DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

description: Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The enzyme changes the linking number in multiples of 2.


FMN adenylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + FMN = diphosphate + FAD.


GMP reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + NADP+ + NH4 = GMP + 2 H+ + NADPH.


GMP synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + NH4(+) = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + 2H+.


name: GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + L-glutamate + 2H+.


GPI-anchor transamidase activity

description: Catalysis of the formation of the linkage between a protein and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The reaction probably occurs by subjecting a peptide bond to nucleophilic attack by the amino group of ethanolamine-GPI, transferring the protein from a signal peptide to the GPI anchor.


GTPase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + H+ + phosphate.


G protein activity

description: A molecular function regulator that cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular processes. Intrinsic GTPase activity returns the G protein to its GDP-bound state. The return to the GDP-bound state can be accelerated by the action of a GTPase-activating protein (GAP).


GTP cyclohydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the imidazole ring of GTP, releasing formate. Two C-N bonds are hydrolyzed and the pentase unit is isomerized.


GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate + formate + H+.


GTP cyclohydrolase II activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 4 H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + formate + 3 H+ + 2 phosphate.


IMP cyclohydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


IMP dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: inosine 5'-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + NADH + H+.


name: L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-iditol + NAD+ = L-sorbose + NADH + H+. Acts on a number of sugar alcohols, including (but not limited to) L-iditol, D-glucitol, D-xylitol, and D-galactitol.


L-iduronidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-L-iduronosidic linkages in dermatan sulfate.


L-serine ammonia-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine = pyruvate + NH3.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N-acetyl-5-glutamyl phosphate + NADPH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 4-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + glycoprotein phospho-D-mannose.


N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxy-D-ribulos-1-ylimino)methylamino]-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor.


NAD+ kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NAD+ = ADP + 2 H+ + NADP+.


name: NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+ + L-glutamate.


NAD+ nucleosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose.


NADH dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor.


name: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + a quinone = NAD(P)+ + a quinol.


name: NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (Si-specific) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH.