stereocilia ankle link complex

description: A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.


tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


name: cytosolic tRNA wobble base thiouridylase complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A complex of two proteins involved in the thiolation of uridine 34 (U34) of tRNAs decoding two-family box triplets.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate + H2O = hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate + phosphate + H+.


hypochlorous acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypochlorous acid.


hypochlorous acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypochlorous acid.


hypochlorous acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypochlorous acid.


G-quadruplex RNA binding

description: Binding to a G-quadruplex RNA structure, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad.


bile acid conjugation

description: The process in which bile acids are covalently linked to taurine or glycine.


name: steroid receptor RNA activator RNA binding

description: Binding to a steroid receptor RNA activator RNA (SRA). SRA enhances steroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity as an RNA transcript by an indirect mechanism that does not involve SRA-steroid receptor binding.


name: thyroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway initiated by a thyroid hormone  binding to an intracellular receptor of the nuclear receptor protein family, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


name: negative regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


osteoclast proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes.


desmosome assembly

description: A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


desmosome maintenance

description: The maintenance of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junctions found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an interspace of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


aminoacyl-tRNA editing activity

description: The hydrolysis of an incorrectly aminoacylated tRNA.


dystroglycan binding

description: Binding to dystroglycan, a glycoprotein found in non-muscle tissues as well as in muscle tissues, often in association with dystrophin. The native dystroglycan cleaved into two non-covalently associated subunits, alpha (N-terminal) and beta (C-terminal).


larval development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters.


instar larval or pupal development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


VRK3/VHR/ERK complex

description: A ternary complex consisting of VRK3, VHR (Dusp3), and ERK1 (Mapk3) existing in neuronal cells, and is involved in regulation of the ERK signaling pathway.


instar larval development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase complex, mitochondrial

description: A mitochondrial protein complex which is capable of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase activity. In mammals, at least, consists as a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. MCCC-alpha has a covalently bound biotin essential for the ATP-dependent carboxylation. MCCC-beta possesses carboxyltransferase activity which presumably is essential for binding to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.


high-affinity IgA receptor activity

description: Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


low-affinity IgA receptor activity

description: Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


high-affinity IgM receptor activity

description: Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


low-affinity IgM receptor activity

description: Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


mammary stem cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a mammary stem cell population by cell division. Mammary stem cells are a source of cells for growth of the mammary gland during puberty and gestation. These cells can give rise to both the luminal and myoepithelial cell types of the gland, and can regenerate the entire organ.


name: protein localization to paranode region of axon

description: A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the paranode region of an axon.


male germ cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of male germ cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


manchette

description: A tubular array of microtubules that extends from the perinuclear ring surrounding the spermatid nucleus to the flagellar axoneme. The manchette may also contain F-actin filaments.


palmitoyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex with palmitoyltransferase activity.


name: homodimeric serine palmitoyltransferase complex

description: A homodimeric complex which transfers a palmitoyl group onto serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.


5-lipoxygenase complex

description: An nuclear membrane protein complex having arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity.


cytoplasmic translation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.


cytoplasmic translational elongation

description: The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.


cytoplasmic translational initiation

description: The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in the cytoplasm. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.


cytoplasmic translational termination

description: The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in the cytoplasm, usually in response to a termination codon.


creatine kinase complex

description: A protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


cytosolic creatine kinase complex

description: A dimeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


mitochondrial creatine kinase complex

description: An octomeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


translation reinitiation

description: A gene-specific translational control mechanism where the small ribosomal subunit remains attached to the mRNA following termination of translation, then resumes scanning on the same mRNA molecule and initiates again at a downstream start site. Reinitiation depends on de novo recruitment of the ternary complex that is required to recognize the next AUG codon.


name: ribose phosphate diphosphokinase complex

description: A protein complex having ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity.


description: The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a Cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA or circRNA translation.


cap-dependent translational initiation

description: The process where the cap structure, composed of a 7- methylguanosine (m7G) group and associated cap-binding proteins, located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule, which serves as a molecular tag that marks the spot where the 40S ribosomal subunit, is recruited and will then scan in a 5' to 3' direction until an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.


name: IRES-dependent translational initiation of linear mRNA

description: The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate linear mRNA translation.


MAML1-RBP-Jkappa- ICN1 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-1 (MAML1); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


hepatocyte cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a hepatocyte during the development of the liver. Hepatocytes emerge from the hepatic epithelium, populating the septum transversum and lateral mesenchymal areas of the hepatic lobes.


Ser-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala).


xanthine dehydrogenase complex

description: A homodimeric protein complex having xanthine dehydrogenase activity.


zona pellucida receptor complex

description: A multisubunit complex comprising the chaperonin-containing T-complex and several other components involved in mediating sperm-oocyte Interaction.


name: somatic diversification of immune receptors

description: The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences.


name: somatic diversification of DSCAM-based immune receptors

description: The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the DSCAM-based immune receptors of insects.


name: somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors of jawless fish

description: The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) of jawless fish.


name: proteolysis by cytosolic proteases associated with antigen processing and presentation

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by cytosolic resident proteases during antigen processing and presentation.


name: somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

description: The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


name: somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

description: Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes

description: The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion.


name: gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

description: The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


name: somatic diversification of immunoglobulins involved in immune response

description: The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins after induction, and contributes to an immune response.


behavioral defense response

description: A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat to that organism.


behavioral response to wounding

description: A behavioral response resulting from wounding.


behavioral defense response to insect

description: A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.


behavioral defense response to nematode

description: A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism.


defense response to insect

description: A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.


defense response to nematode

description: A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes, which results in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.


activation of innate immune response

description: Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species.


name: innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor that leads to the activation of an innate immune response.


name: pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.


name: stimulatory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of cellular activation.


name: stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of C-type lectin to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and resulting in cellular activation.


toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor of a target cell. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


name: positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.


innate immune response in mucosa

description: Any process of the innate immune response that takes place in the mucosal tissues.


natural killer cell mediated immunity

description: The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines.


defense response to oomycetes

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.


name: positive regulation of defense response to virus by host

description: Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication.


detection of oomycetes

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from an oomycetes is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response

description: The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response.


name: leukocyte chemotaxis involved in immune response

description: The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus a part of an immune response.


name: detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading

description: The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of unfolded protein

description: The series of events in which an unfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of misfolded protein

description: The series of events in which a misfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: response to molecule of bacterial origin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


response to molecule of fungal origin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.


response to oomycetes

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an oomycetes.


name: response to molecule of oomycetes origin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.


response to parasitic plant

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a parasitic plant.


defense response to parasitic plant

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.


detection of parasitic plant

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a parasitic plant is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

description: The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.


name: wound healing involved in inflammatory response

description: The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response.


name: clearance of damaged tissue involved in inflammatory response wound healing

description: The series of events leading to removal of necrotic debris that contribute to an inflammatory response.


name: connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

description: The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared, as part of an inflammatory response.


lymphocyte anergy

description: Any process contributing to lymphocyte anergy, a state of functional inactivation.


adaptive immune response

description: An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigens produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).


name: organ or tissue specific immune response

description: An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.


immune effector process

description: Any process of the immune system that executes a component of an immune response. An effector immune process takes place after its activation.


activation of immune response

description: Any process that initiates an immune response.


kinin cascade

description: A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

description: A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell initiated by the action of tissue (glandular) kallikreins on low molecular weight kininogen in response to tissue damage. Tissue kallikreins are present in glandular tissues and their fluids, such as the salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas, and kidney. The ultimate products of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


regulation of kinin cascade

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.


negative regulation of kinin cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.


positive regulation of kinin cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.


name: endothelial cell activation within high endothelial venule involved in immune response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell within a high endothelial venule resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


lymphocyte homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


mucosal lymphocyte homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within the mucosal tissue of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


myeloid cell homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


name: cell activation involved in immune response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: endothelial cell activation involved in immune response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: astrocyte activation involved in immune response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


follicular dendritic cell activation

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


name: follicular dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: follicular dendritic cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a follicular dendritic cell.


name: leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an immature plasmacytoid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell contributing to an immune response.


name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.


myeloid leukocyte activation

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


name: myeloid cell activation involved in immune response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: basophil activation involved in immune response

description: A change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: myeloid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: eosinophil activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: mast cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: monocyte activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: macrophage activation involved in immune response

description: A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: microglial cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: neutrophil activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: myeloid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell as part of an immune response.


name: lymphocyte activation involved in immune response

description: A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: T cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: NK T cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: NK T cell proliferation involved in immune response

description: The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


name: gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


name: alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an antigenically naive alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


T-helper cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote various immunological processes.


T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 1 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis.


T-helper 2 cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 2 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths, enhanced production of particular antibody isotypes, and pathological conditions such as allergy.


name: CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell as part of an immune response.


name: alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an antigenically naive CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


name: gamma-delta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an antigenically naive gamma-delta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell and contributes to an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


name: gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


name: CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


name: CD4-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell.


name: T cell proliferation involved in immune response

description: The expansion of a T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


name: alpha-beta T cell proliferation involved in immune response

description: The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


name: gamma-delta T cell proliferation involved in immune response

description: The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


name: B cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


name: mature B cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response.


germinal center B cell differentiation

description: The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA).


marginal zone B cell differentiation

description: The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).


follicular B cell differentiation

description: The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a follicular B cell. Follicular B cells are major population of mature recirculating B cells in the spleen and are located in the B-cell follicle region.


plasma cell differentiation

description: The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody.


myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.


memory B cell differentiation

description: The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a memory B cell. Memory B cells are cells that can respond rapidly to antigen re-exposure by production of high-affinity antibody.


name: lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages.


name: natural killer cell progenitor differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell progenitor.


name: B cell proliferation involved in immune response

description: The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response.


name: natural killer cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response

description: The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


name: natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which a naive natural killer cell acquires the specialized features of an effector natural killer T cell as part of an immune response.


B cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to become any type of B cell.


immature B cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell.


pro-B cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed.


pre-B cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pre-B cell. Pre-B cells follow the pro-B cell stage of immature B cell differentiation and undergo rearrangement of heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments.


pre-B cell receptor expression

description: The process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells, starting with the recombination of an immunuglobulin heavy chain locus, including expression of the surrogate light chain, the association of the surrogate light chain with the heavy chain, and expression of the complete pre-B cell receptor on the cell surface. pre-B cell receptor expression is a key checkpoint in the transition of pro-B cell to pre-B cell.


pre-B cell allelic exclusion

description: Expression of a single heavy chain allele during pre-B cell differentiation.


name: transitional stage B cell differentiation

description: The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent.


name: transitional one stage B cell differentiation

description: The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21.


name: transitional two stage B cell differentiation

description: The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T2 stage B cells in the spleen. T2 stage B cells express CD23 but not CD21.


mature B cell differentiation

description: The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.


B-1 B cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which an immature B cell becomes committed to become a B-1 B cell.


B-1a B cell differentiation

description: The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1a B cells. B-1a B cells are B-1 cells that express CD5 and arise from fetal liver precursors.


B-1b B cell differentiation

description: The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1b B cells. B-1b B cells are B-1 cells that do not express CD5.


B cell selection

description: The process dependent upon B cell antigen receptor signaling in response to self or foreign antigen through which B cells are selected for survival.


central B cell selection

description: Any B cell selection process that occurs in the bone marrow.


central B cell anergy

description: Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in B cells in the bone marrow.


central B cell deletion

description: The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of central tolerance induction and B cell selection.


peripheral B cell selection

description: Any B cell selection process that occurs in the periphery.


B cell affinity maturation

description: The process in which B cells produce antibodies with increased antigen affinity. This is accomplished by somatic hypermutation and selection for B cells which produce higher affinity antibodies to antigen.


peripheral B cell receptor editing

description: The process that takes place mainly in germinal center B cells in which a large number of mutations are generated in the heavy chain and light chain V-region genes and their immediately surrounding introns in order to increase antibody diversity and contribute to affinity maturation.


B cell positive selection

description: Any process in which B cells are selected to survive based on signaling through the B cell antigen receptor.


response to tumor cell

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.


central B cell positive selection

description: Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the bone marrow. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


name: histamine production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of histamine following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


peripheral B cell positive selection

description: Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the periphery. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


name: serotonin production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of serotonin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


B cell negative selection

description: Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion.


plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

description: A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


central B cell negative selection

description: Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the bone marrow.


detection of tumor cell

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a tumor cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


peripheral B cell negative selection

description: Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the periphery.


defense response to tumor cell

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism.


B cell homeostatic proliferation

description: The non-specific expansion of B cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of B cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.


B-1 B cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a B-1 B cell by cell division. Follows B cell activation.


T cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming any type of T cell.


name: CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


name: CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an alpha-beta T cell.


NK T cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an NK T cell.


gamma-delta T cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming a gamma-delta T cell.


name: leukocyte activation involved in immune response

description: A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: cytokine production involved in immune response

description: The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


B cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a B cell.


T cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T cell.


natural killer cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.


dendritic cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a dendritic cell.


name: myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid dendritic cell.


name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.


immune system process

description: Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.


immunoglobulin production

description: The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin-mediated immune response

description: The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.


name: immune response in brain or nervous system

description: An immune response taking place in the brain or nervous system.


hepatic immune response

description: An immune response taking place in the liver.


mucosal immune response

description: An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.


name: immune response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue

description: Immune response taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). GALT includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules.


immune response in Peyer's patch

description: Immune response taking place in the Peyer's patch, nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine.


tolerance induction in Peyer's patch

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the Peyer's patches.


name: platelet activating factor production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: lysosomal enzyme production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of lysosomal enzymes following a stimulus as part of a inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: tolerance induction in gut-associated lymphoid tissue

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).


name: immune response in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: An immune response taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). NALT includes the tonsils and adenoids.


MHC protein complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC protein complex.


MHC class I protein complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


MHC class Ib protein complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules.


MHC class II protein complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class II protein complex.


name: tolerance induction in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).


name: tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).


name: B cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by B cells.


name: T cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by T cells.


name: antigen sampling in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: The process of apical-to-basolateral delivery of soluble and particulate antigens to underlying mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


name: antigen sampling by dendritic cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: The process of antigen sampling carried out by dendritic cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


name: antigen sampling by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: The process of antigen samples carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


dendritic cell chemotaxis

description: The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis

description: The movement of a myeloid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


Langerhans cell chemotaxis

description: The movement of a Langerhans cell in response to an external stimulus.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell chemotaxis

description: The movement of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


name: T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell

description: A process of tolerance induction dependent on T cells which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.


name: antigen transcytosis by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: The process of antigen transcytosis carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Transcytosis is the process of the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. M cells are specialized epithelia cells with a microfold structure that are adept at moving antigens from the gut lumen to antigen presenting cells in the MALT.


tolerance induction to tumor cell

description: A process of tolerance induction which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.


name: immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells

description: The process of transporting immunoglobulin, via transcytosis, from one side of an epithelial cell to the other.


name: immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor

description: The process of transporting polymeric IgA and polymeric IgM immunoglobulin, via transcytosis mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), from the basolateral surface to apical surface of an epithelial cell. At the apical surface the immunoglobulin binding portion of the pIgRis cleaved and remains bound to the transported immunoglobulin as secretory component (SC). The same process is used for the transport and excretion of IgA immune complexes to the luminal surface of the mucosa.


name: IgG immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by FcRn immunoglobulin receptor

description: The process of transporting IgG immunoglobulin, via transcytosis using the FcRn (also known as the neonatal Fc receptor; gene name FCGRT), from apical surface of an epithelial cell to the basolateral surface or vice versa depending on the location. This process is used for uptake of IgG from the milk in the gut in rodents, for transplacental transport of IgG from mother to embryo in humans, and for maintenance of a steady-state distribution of IgG across epithelial boundaries in general in adult mammals.


name: B cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen

description: B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to the B cell receptor.


immune response to tumor cell

description: An immune system process that functions in the response of an organism to a tumor cell.


name: T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

description: The directed killing of a tumor cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


name: natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

description: The directed killing of a tumor cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


name: B cell antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis

description: B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.


name: natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

description: An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


name: T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

description: An immune response mediated by a T cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


tolerance induction in urogenital tract

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the urogenital tract.


name: immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue

description: The synthesis and release of immunoglobulin in the mucosal tissue.


mucosal tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal tissues.


name: antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. The peptide antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous protein. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E family.


name: immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a cell, leading to the activation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: complement receptor mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor. Such components include both whole complement proteins and fragments of complement proteins generated through the activity of the complement pathway.


name: Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


granuloma formation

description: The formation of nodular inflammatory lesions, usually small or granular, firm, persistent, well-structured, and containing compactly grouped T lymphocytes and modified phagocytes such as epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. Granuloma formation represents a chronic inflammatory response initiated by various infectious and noninfectious agents. The center of a granuloma consists of fused macrophages, which can become necrotic.


name: immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

description: An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.


immune complex clearance

description: A process directed at removing immune complexes from the body. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution.


description: The process of immune complex clearance by erythrocytes. The process often starts with binding of complement receptor 1 (CR1) on the surface of erythrocytes to a complement coated immune complex. The complex bound to erythrocyte CR1 is then transported to the liver or spleen where it is presented to phagocytes. The process ends when the complex is removed from CR1, allowing the erythrocyte to return to general circulation.


name: immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

description: The process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


name: inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.


name: acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.


name: chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.


name: production of molecular mediator of immune response

description: The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: histamine secretion involved in inflammatory response

description: The regulated release of histamine by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.


name: serotonin secretion involved in inflammatory response

description: The regulated release of serotonin by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.


leukocyte mediated immunity

description: Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte.


myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

description: Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.


type II hypersensitivity

description: An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


neutrophil mediated immunity

description: Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a neutrophil.


eosinophil mediated immunity

description: Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by an eosinophil.


mast cell mediated immunity

description: Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a mast cell.


lymphocyte mediated immunity

description: Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte.


name: B cell antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which a B cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


peripheral B cell tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction of mature B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


B cell receptor editing

description: The process of replacing receptors on B cells, in which RAG gene expression allows continued light-chain gene rearrangement and expression of a new light change which combines with the previous heavy chain to form a new receptor.


peripheral B cell anergy

description: Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in peripheral B cells.


peripheral B cell deletion

description: The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of peripheral tolerance induction and B cell selection.


name: humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

description: An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


T cell mediated immunity

description: Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell.


name: T cell antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


peripheral T cell tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction of T cells in the periphery, in this case, any location in the body other than the thymus.


name: adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains

description: An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) incorporating leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Examples of this process are found in jawless fish, including the lampreys (Petromyzontidae) and hagfishes (Myxinidae).


name: adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

description: An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.


name: tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

description: Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation.


tolerance induction to nonself antigen

description: Tolerance induction in response to nonself antigens.


name: central tolerance induction to nonself antigen

description: Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the central lymphoid organs.


name: peripheral tolerance induction to nonself antigen

description: Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the periphery.


peripheral tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


name: peripheral tolerance induction to self antigen

description: Tolerance induction to self antigens in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


germinal center formation

description: The process in which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.


name: dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which a dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


name: myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which a myeloid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which a plasmacytoid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


name: monocyte antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which a monocyte expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


name: macrophage antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


name: non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which a non-professional antigen presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. Non-professional antigen presenting cells include all cell types but dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils.


name: antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


name: antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-independent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following transport from the cytosol via a TAP-independent pathway. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in an endolysosome. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class Ib molecule in the ER. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


name: peptide antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex

description: The binding of a peptide antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


name: lipid antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex

description: The binding of a lipid antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 gene family.


lipid antigen transport

description: The directed movement of a lipid antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


name: proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


name: proteasomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by the proteasome complex contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


name: proteolysis within endoplasmic reticulum associated with antigen processing and presentation

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by ER resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


name: proteolysis within endosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by endosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


name: proteolysis within lysosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by lysosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


name: peptide antigen assembly with MHC protein complex

description: The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC protein complex.


name: peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex

description: The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


name: peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex

description: The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex.


name: antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.


name: antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a polysaccharide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.


tolerance induction

description: A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it.


central tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs: the thymus and bone marrow.


name: central tolerance induction to self antigen

description: Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs directed at self antigens.


central B cell tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction of B cells in the bone marrow.


central B cell receptor editing

description: Receptor editing occurring in B cells in the bone marrow.


central T cell tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction of T cells in the thymus.


tolerance induction to self antigen

description: Tolerance induction directed at self antigens.


B cell tolerance induction

description: A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in B cells.


B cell anergy

description: Any process contributing to anergy in B cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of B cell tolerance induction.


B cell deletion

description: The apoptotic death of B cells which is part of B cell tolerance induction.


T cell tolerance induction

description: A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in T cells.


name: lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule

description: The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.


natural killer cell tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction of natural killer cells.


immune system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.


leukocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.


name: leukocyte migration involved in immune response

description: The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body as part of an immune response.


name: leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response

description: The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response.


hypersensitivity

description: An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system.


name: acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

description: An acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimuli such as heat or physical trauma.


acute inflammatory response

description: Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.


name: vasodilation involved in acute inflammatory response

description: An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


name: regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response

description: Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


name: regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.


name: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure involved in acute-phase response

description: Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.


name: regulation of heart contraction involved in acute-phase response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.


name: production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: lysosomal enzyme secretion involved in inflammatory response

description: The regulated release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.


name: cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

description: A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: nitric oxide production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of nitric oxide following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of products of arachidonic acid metabolism following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: prostaglandin production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: activation of plasma proteins involved in acute inflammatory response

description: Any process activating plasma proteins by proteolysis as part of an acute inflammatory response.


Factor XII activation

description: Any process that activates Factor XII (Hageman factor). Factor XII is a protein synthesized by the liver that circulates in an inactive form until it encounters collagen or basement membrane or activated platelets (as occurs at the site of endothelial injury). Factor XII then undergoes a conformational change (becoming factor XIIa), exposing an active serine center that can subsequently cleave protein substrates and activate a variety of mediator systems. Factor XII is a participant in the clotting cascade as well as the kinin cascade.


name: activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade

description: Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot.


chronic inflammatory response

description: Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.


name: chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

description: A chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus such as heat or physical trauma.


name: negative regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.


name: positive regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.


monocyte chemotaxis

description: The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus.


name: negative regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.


name: positive regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.


mast cell chemotaxis

description: The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.


serotonin secretion by mast cell

description: The regulated release of serotonin by a mast cell or group of mast cells.


histamine secretion by mast cell

description: The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells.


serotonin secretion by platelet

description: The regulated release of serotonin by a platelet or group of platelets.


histamine secretion by platelet

description: The regulated release of histamine by a platelet or group of platelets.


serotonin secretion by basophil

description: The regulated release of serotonin by a basophil or group of basophils.


histamine secretion by basophil

description: The regulated release of histamine by a basophil or group of basophils.


name: type I hypersensitivity mediated by mast cells

description: An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


name: type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils

description: An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


basophil mediated immunity

description: Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a basophil.


basophil degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a basophil.


name: somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus

description: The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.


name: somatic diversification of immune receptors via alternate splicing

description: The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through alternate splicing.


name: alternate splicing of immunoglobulin genes

description: The generation of alternate transcripts of immunoglobulin genes through alternate splicing of exons.


name: somatic diversification of immune receptors via gene conversion

description: The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through gene conversion.


name: somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation

description: The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through somatic mutation.


name: somatic diversification of FREP-based immune receptors

description: The process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the FREP-based immune receptors of snails.


name: somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes

description: The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of T cell receptor genes.