name: branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = sulfurous acid + branched-chain dodecyl-4-hydroxy-benzene + sulfite.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3E)-3-[(6Z)-6-(carboxymethylene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]-2-oxopropanate.


benzo(a)pyrene 11,12-epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-11,12-epoxide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-trans-11,12-dihydrodiol = 11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-11,12-dihydrodiol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + C1 unit = hydroxymethoxybenzo(a)pyrene.


benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol = 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + H2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = 4,5-chrysenedicarboxylate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-9,10-dihydrodiol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-7,8-dihydrodiol.


name: 7,8-dihydroxy benzo(a)pyrene dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-7,8-dihydrodiol + O2 = cis-4-(7-hydroxypyren-8-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 10-oxabenzo(def)chrysen-9-one + formate + H+.


anthracene 9,10-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: anthracene + 2 H2O = cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol = 9,10-anthraquinone + 4 H+ + 4 e-.


ADD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + reduced ferredoxin + O2 = 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin.


3-HSA hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADP+ + H2O.


4,9-DSHA hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (3E,1Z)-4,5-9,10-diseco-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-diene-4-oate + H2O = (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oate + H+.


citronellol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: citronellol + NAD+ = citronellal + NADH + H+.


citronellal dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: citronellal + NAD+ + OH- = citronellate + NADH + H+.


citronellyl-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: citronellate + CoASH + ATP = citronellyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


citronellyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: citronellyl-CoA + NAD+ = cis-geranyl-CoA + NADH + H+.


name: tetralin ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: tetralin + O2 + NADH + H+ = cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+ = 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + NADH + H+.


name: 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene extradiol dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + O2 = 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H2O = (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate = pyruvate + 7-oxoheptanoate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol = 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


geranial dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: geranial + NAD+ + OH- = geranylate + NADH + H+.


geranylate CoA-transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: geranylate + CoASH = trans-geranyl-CoA + OH-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


menthone dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-(2S,5R)-menthone + NAD+ = (5R)-menth-2-enone + NADH + H+.


menth-2-enone hydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-menth-2-enone + H2O = (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone + NAD+ = mentha-1,3-dione + NADH + H+.


mentha-1,3-dione-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: mentha-1,3-dione + CoASH = 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-octyl-CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: thiophene-2-carboxylate + ATP + CoASH = thiophene-2-carboxyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


2-oxoglutaryl-CoA thioesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutaryl-CoA + OH- = 2-oxoglutarate + CoASH.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate + succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA + succinate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + H2O = naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


name: naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA succinyl transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + CoASH = 2-naphthoyl-CoA + succinyl-CoA.


2-naphthoate CoA-transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthoyl-CoA + OH- = 2-naphthoate + CoASH.


isooctane monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: isooctane + 1/2 O2 = 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol.


name: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA 2-C-propanoyl transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + CoASH = pivalyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + H2O = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + CO2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone + CO2.


4-AD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-(methylsulfinyl)benzothiazole.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxybenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole.


benzothiazole monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + reduced acceptor = benzothiazole + hydrogen sulfide + oxidized acceptor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole-2-sulfonate + H2O = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole + HSO3-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2,6,7-trihydroxybenzothiazole.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate + CoASH = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl-CoA + OH-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + OH- = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + CoASH.


pinacolone 5-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + 1/2 O2 = 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


trans-geranyl-CoA isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-geranyl-CoA = cis-geranyl-CoA.


thioacetamide S-oxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S-oxide + H2O.


name: thioacetamide S-oxide S-oxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide S-oxide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S,S-dioxide + H2O.


caffeine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: caffeine + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid + H2O.


name: isonicotinic acid hydrazide hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: isoniazid + H2O = isonicotinate + hydrazine.


isonicotinate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: isonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + reduced acceptor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = citrazinate + reduced acceptor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + CO2.


citrazinate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


citrazinate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = cis-aconitamide.


cis-aconitamide amidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitamide + H2O = cis-aconitate + HN3.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetate + H2O = gamma-aminovinylacetate + HCOOH.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminovinylacetate + H2O = succinic semialdehyde + NH3.


endosulfan monooxygenase I activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan sulfate + H2O.


name: endosulfan hemisulfate sulfatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hemisulfate + H2O = endosulfan monoalcohol + 2 H+ + sulfate.


name: endosulfan diol hydrolyase (cyclizing) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan diol = endosulfan ether + H2O.


endosulfan diol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan diol = endosulfan hydroxyether + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


endosulfan lactone lactonase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan lactone + H2O = endosulfan hydroxycarboxylate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-nitrodimethylamine + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = N-nitromethylamine + formaldehyde + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxypyridine + O2 + H+ + NADPH = pyridine-3,4-diol + H2O + NADP+.


pyridine-3,4-diol dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pryidine-3,4-diol + O2 = 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate.


3-formiminopyruvate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formylpyruvate + HN3.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)phenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = hydroquinone + 3,6-dimethylheptan-3-ol.


name: hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = trimethylamine + hexadecanal + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


trimethylamine monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N,N,N-trimethylamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N,N-trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formiminopyruvate + formate.


name: endosulfan hydroxyether dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hydroxyether = endosulfan lactone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


endosulfan sulfate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan sulfate + H2O = endosulfan diol + sulfite.


endosulfan ether monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan ether + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan hydroxyether + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-2-oxopent-4-enoate + H2O = 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate = pyruvate + chloroacetaldehyde.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylaniline + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + isopropylamine.


acetanilide 1,2-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + acetamide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetamide + catechol + NAD+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O + OH- = 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + 4 H+ + 4 e- + methylamine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + H2O = succinic semialdehyde + 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.


phthalate 3,4-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phthalate + O2 + NADH + H+ = phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol + NAD+.


name: phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + NADH + H+.


name: trinitrophenol hydride denitratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex = 2,4-dinitrophenol + nitrite. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyl-3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + CoA = acetyl-CoA + 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + CoA = propanoyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA.


pyrene dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene = 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + O2 = phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + H+ = phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + CO2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate = 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + H+ + 2 e- + CO2.


pyrene 4,5-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-4,5-oxide + H2O.


pyrene-4,5-epoxide hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene-4,5-oxide + H2O = trans-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene.


pyrene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-1,2-oxide + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydroxypyrene-6,7-oxide + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydroxypyrene-7,8-oxide + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XSO3- = 1-pyrenylsulfate + HX.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XCH3 = 1-methoxypyrene + HX.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methoxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-methoxypyrene-6,7-oxide + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrene + XCH3 = 1,6-dimethoxypyrene + HX.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate.


tetrachlorobenzene dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorotoluene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 4,6-dichloro-3-methyl-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene + NAD+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4,6-dichloro-3-methylcatechol + O2 = 3,5-dichloro-3-methyl-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.


perchlorate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: perchlorate + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chlorate + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: pryrole-2-carboxylate + NADH + O2 + H+ = 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate + 2 H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: pryrole-2-carboxylate + H+ = pyrrole + CO2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-heptanoyl-CoA + NAD+ = 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + NADH+ + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + CoASH = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoic acid + CoASH.


terephthalate decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: terephthalate + H2O = benzoate + HCO3-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + 4-methylaminobutyrate.


name: 1,1-dichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chloroethane + HCl.


name: phenylboronic acid monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phenylboronic acid + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = phenol + B(OH)3.


o-hydroxylaminobenzoate mutase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: o-hydroxylaminobenzoate = 3-hydroxyanthranilate.


name: malonate semialdehyde decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: malonate semialdehyde + H+ = acetaldehyde + CO2.


perillyl-CoA hydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: perillyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


diphenyl ether 2,3-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: diphenyl ether + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether.


name: 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxymuconate + phenol.


diphenyl ether 1,2-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: diphenyl ether + NADH + O2 + H+ = phenol + catechol + NAD+.


3-nitrophenol nitroreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitrophenol + 2 NADH + 2 H+ = 3-hydroxyaminophenol + 2 NAD+ + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: aminohydroquinone + 2 e- + 2 H+ + 1/2 O2 = 1,2,4-benzenetriol + NH3.


endothelin maturation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of endothelin by conversion of Big-endothelin substrate into mature endothelin.


box C/D sno(s)RNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small RNA transcript into a mature box C/D RNA.


box H/ACA sno(s)RNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small RNA transcript into a mature box H/ACA RNA.


intronic box C/D snoRNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box C/D snoRNA.


intronic box H/ACA snoRNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box H/ACA snoRNA.


Set3 complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A histone deacetylase complex that is involved in transcriptional regulation. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Set3p, Snt1p, Hos4p, Sif2p, Cpr1p, Hos2p, and Hst1p.


Sid2-Mob1 complex

description: A protein complex that contains a protein kinase (Sid2 in S. pombe) and its regulatory subunit (Mob1). The Sid2p-Mob1p kinase complex is a component of the septation initiation network in fission yeast (called the mitotic exit network in S. cerevisiae) and is required for cytokinesis. The analogous complex in S. cerevisiae is called Dbf2p-Mob1p complex.


Swi5-Swi2 complex

description: A protein complex involved that contains proteins known in Schizosaccharomyces as Swi5 monomers and Swi2, and is involved in mating type switching.


name: protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum

description: A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).


name: response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.


ABIN2-NFKB1-MAP3K8 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the precursor form of NF-kappaB (p105), the NF-kappaB inhibitor ABIN-2, and the kinase TPL-2 (MAP3K8); the complex stabilizes TPL-2 and is involved in signaling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.


PDX1-PBX1b-MRG1 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the homeodomain proteins PDX1, PBX1b and MRG1 (MEIS2) and is involved in the transcriptional regulation of pancreatic acinar cell-specific genes.


name: NAD-dependent protein lysine deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = L-lysyl-[protein] + 2''-O-acetyl-ADP-D-ribose + nicotinamide.


FHL2-CREB complex

description: A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL2, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.


FHL3-CREB complex

description: A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL3, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.


mitochondrial protein processing

description: The peptide cleavage of mitochondrial proteins, including cleavage contributing to their import.


peptidyl-lysine deacetylation

description: The removal of an acetyl group from an acetylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


Ecsit-NDUFAF1 complex

description: Any large protein complex that contains Ecsit and NDUFAF1, is located in the mitochondrion, and is involved in the assembly of complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation system. In mammalian cells, three complexes of approximately 500, 600, and 850 kDa containing the 45 kDa isoform of Ecsit and NDUFAF1 have been observed.


iron chaperone activity

description: Directly binding to and delivering iron ions to a target protein.


immunoglobulin receptor binding

description: Binding to one or more specific sites on an immunoglobulin receptor molecule.


Fc-gamma receptor I complex binding

description: Binding to one or more specific sites on the Fc-gamma receptor I complex. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.


name: microtubule organizing center attachment site

description: A region of the nuclear envelope to which a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) attaches; protein complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope mediate direct or indirect linkages between the microtubule cytoskeleton and the nuclear envelope.


name: meiotic nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex

description: A nuclear membrane protein complex which connects the nuclear outer and inner membranes together, and links links the nuclear lumen to cytoplasmic microtubules during meiosis.


name: microtubule organizing center attachment site organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center attachment site. A microtubule organizing center attachment site is a region of the nuclear envelope to which a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) attaches.


SC5b-7 complex

description: A protein complex that consist of complement components C5b6 and C7 stably inserted in a cell membrane. Formation of the SC5b-7 complex is the first phase of membrane attack complex assembly.


RasGAP-Fyn-Lyn-Yes complex

description: A protein complex that consists of a GTPase activator protein (GAP) for Ras and three Src family protein tyrosine kinases, Fyn, Lyn and Yes. The complex is involved in signaling upon platelet activation.


description: A protein complex that comprises one integrin alphav subunit, one integrin beta5 subunit, and vitronectin.


oligosaccharyltransferase I complex

description: An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains at least seven polypeptides and is the major OST complex in mammalian cells. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complex identified, the OSTI complex has the weakest affinity for ribosomes.


oligosaccharyltransferase II complex

description: An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTII complex has intermediate affinity for ribosomes.


oligosaccharyltransferase III complex

description: An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma and the tetrameric TRAP complex. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTIII complex has the strongest affinity for ribosomes.


name: dorsal trunk growth, open tracheal system

description: Growth of epithelial tubes that originate from pits in an open tracheal system and grow towards each other to meet and form a continuous open tube called the dorsal trunk. The dorsal trunk extends from the anterior spiracle to the posterior spiracle of the larva and forms the main airway of the insect tracheal system.


liquid clearance, open tracheal system

description: The clearance of liquid from the epithelial tubes of an open tracheal system, shortly before the emergence of the larva, to generate an air-filled tubule system.


subapical complex

description: The most apical region of the lateral plasma membrane of an invertebrate epithelial cell. The subapical complex lies above the zonula adherens and the septate junction, and is comparable to the position of the tight junction of vertebrate cells.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


melanization defense response

description: The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin.


name: regulation of melanization defense response

description: Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion.


name: positive regulation of melanization defense response

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion.


name: negative regulation of melanization defense response

description: Any process that reduces the rate or extent of the melanization defense response. This regulation is critical to limit melanization to the site of injury or infection.


encapsulation of foreign target

description: Events resulting in the formation of a multilayered cellular sheath surrounding an invader and thus preventing its development. This defense mechanism is often seen in insects in response to nematodes or parasitoids, which are too large to be phagocytosed by individual hemocytes. In some organisms the capsule is blackened due to melanization.


name: melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

description: Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader.


myosuppressin receptor activity

description: Combining with the peptide myosuppressin to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulator activity

description: Modulates the activity of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Regulatory subunits can link a PI3K catalytic subunit to upstream signaling events and help position the catalytic subunits close to their lipid substrates.


elongation of arista core

description: The increase in length of the aristal core. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions.


elongation of arista lateral

description: The increase in length of the aristal laterals. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions.


cuticle pattern formation

description: The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the cuticle.


description: The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the chitin-based adult cuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: somatic stem cell population maintenance

description: Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.


name: regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


name: negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


name: positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


name: regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


name: negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


name: positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


leading edge cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of leading edge cells, cells at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.


leading edge cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into leading edge cells. Leading edge cells are found at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.


leading edge cell fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


name: dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate during dorsal closure. Leading edge cells are the dorsal-most cells of the migrating epidermis.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III

description: A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit bound to a regulatory (adaptor) subunit. Additional adaptor proteins may be present. Class III PI3Ks have a substrate specificity restricted to phosphatidylinositol (PI).


histone deacetylase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of histone deacetylase.


name: histone acetyltransferase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of histone acetyltransferase.


histone acetyltransferase binding

description: Binding to an histone acetyltransferase.


sperm-egg recognition

description: The initial contact step made between the sperm plasma membrane and outer layer of the egg during fertilization.


sperm entry

description: An endocytosis process that results in penetration of the egg shell through the micropyle (a specialized anterior opening in the vitelline envelope) and entry of the entire sperm, including the surrounding plasma membrane and the sperm tail, into the egg cytoplasm. This step in fertilization is seen in Drosophila, where a plasma membrane fusion event between the sperm and the egg does not occur.


female pronucleus assembly

description: Assembly of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg.


male pronucleus assembly

description: The conversion at fertilization of the inactive sperm nucleus into a male pronucleus with its chromosomes processed for the first zygotic division.


sperm nuclear envelope removal

description: Removal of the sperm nuclear envelope, allowing entry of maternal factors into the sperm nucleus.


sperm DNA decondensation

description: Unwinding of the condensed nuclear chromatin of an inactive male pronucleus after fertilization.


male pronuclear envelope synthesis

description: Assembly of a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores and a lamina around the male pronucleus, the final step in sperm pronuclear formation.


sperm aster formation

description: Formation and organization of an aster composed of microtubule arrays originating from the sperm basal body and extending virtually to the egg periphery. The sperm aster ensures the appropriate positioning of the male and female pronuclei.


sperm plasma membrane disassembly

description: The gradual disintegration of the sperm plasma membrane following insemination. This process is seen in Drosophila after entry of the entire sperm, surrounded by its plasma membrane, into the egg.


pronuclear migration

description: The directed movement of the male and female pronuclei towards each other prior to their fusion.


centrosomal and pronuclear rotation

description: The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion.


name: juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to juvenile hormone acid.


embryonic heart tube development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.


cardiocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.


name: dorsal vessel aortic cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to an aortic cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into aortic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: dorsal vessel heart proper cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to a heart proper cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into heart cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern specification

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of cell differentiation that results in the anterior/posterior subdivision of the embryonic heart tube. In Drosophila this results in subdivision of the dorsal vessel into to the posterior heart proper and the anterior aorta.


RCAF complex

description: A protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on to newly synthesized DNA. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ASF1 and histones H3 and H4.


brahma complex

description: A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains 8 to 14 proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of the Drosophila brm (brahma) or mammalian SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, or an ortholog thereof.


interchromatin granule

description: A class of nuclear body measuring 20-25 nm in diameter and distributed throughout the interchromatin space, linked together by thin fibrils. They are believed to be storage centers for various snRNAs, snRNPs, serine/arginine-rich proteins and RNA polymerase II. A typical mammalian cell contains 25-50 clusters of interchromatin granules. Interchromatin granule clusters do not contain the heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).


omega speckle

description: A nucleoplasmic speckle distributed in the interchromatin space of cells in close proximity to chromatin. Omega speckles are distinct from interchromatin granules and contain heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).


nuclear speck organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized.


methylated histone binding

description: Binding to a histone in which a residue has been modified by methylation.


larval midgut histolysis

description: The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.


salivary gland histolysis

description: The stage-specific break down of the larval salivary glands during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.


pupariation

description: The onset of prepupal development when the larval stops crawling, everts its spiracles and the larval cuticle becomes the puparium or pupal case that surrounds the organism for the duration of metamorphosis.


pupation

description: The act of becoming a pupa, a resting stage in the life cycle of organisms with complete metamorphosis. This event marks the end of the prepupal period and the beginning of the pupal period.


response to ecdysone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.


ecdysone receptor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway initiated by an ecdysone binding to an intracellular receptor of the nuclear receptor protein family, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: ecdysone-mediated polytene chromosome puffing

description: The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of hormone-responsive genes on polytene chromosomes in response to increased production of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) in Drosophila larvae approaching pupation.


name: induction of programmed cell death by ecdysone

description: Any process induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.


polytene chromosome puffing

description: The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of target genes on polytene chromosomes following response to a stimulus, to facilitate sudden bursts of transcriptional activity in response to transient environmental signals.


name: heat shock-mediated polytene chromosome puffing

description: The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of heat shock genes on polytene chromosomes in response to a heat shock stimulus.


name: induction of programmed cell death by hormones

description: Any process induced by hormones that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.


axoneme assembly

description: The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.


name: establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components.


name: establishment of apical/basal cell polarity

description: The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


name: maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

description: Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


phosphatidylinositol binding

description: Binding to an inositol-containing glycerophospholipid, i.e. phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.


sperm DNA condensation

description: The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication.


response to nicotine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


behavioral response to nicotine

description: Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


name: larval midgut cell programmed cell death

description: The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ.


histone methyltransferase complex

description: A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins.


ESC/E(Z) complex

description: A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.


hemocyte migration

description: The directed movement of a hemocyte within the embryo. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. In Drosophila, embryonic hemocytes originate from the head mesoderm as a cluster of cells. The cluster splits into two and one group of cells crosses the amnioserosa. Both populations then spread toward the middle of the embryo and then disperse evenly throughout the embryo.


ecdysone binding

description: Binding to 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). Ecdysone is an ecdysteroid produced by the prothoracic glands of immature insects and the ovaries of adult females, which stimulates growth and molting.


FACT complex

description: A histone chaperone complex that facilitates nucleosome disassembly and reassembly upon DNA or RNA polymerase passage.


PRC1 complex

description: A multiprotein complex that mediates monoubiquitination of lysine residues of histone H2A (lysine-118 in Drosophila or lysine-119 in mammals). The complex is required for stable long-term maintenance of transcriptionally repressed states and is involved in chromatin remodeling.


operant conditioning

description: Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior.


appendage morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


limb morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping.


genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal.


embryonic appendage morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


name: imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.


embryonic forelimb morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.


embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal.


embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.


post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


embryonic medial fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.


embryonic anal fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


post-embryonic genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.


post-embryonic limb morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.


post-embryonic forelimb morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an organism.


post-embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.


name: post-embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


post-embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.


post-embryonic medial fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


post-embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.


post-embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


post-embryonic anal fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


forelimb morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.


hindlimb morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.


pectoral fin morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


pelvic fin morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. Pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.


medial fin morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. A medial fin is an unpaired fin of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


dorsal fin morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


caudal fin morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. A caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish, and is the main fin used for propulsion.


anal fin morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


exon-exon junction complex

description: A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.


tube fusion

description: The joining of specific branches of a tubular system to form a continuous network.


branch fusion, open tracheal system

description: Fusing of specific tracheal branches in an open tracheal system to branches from neighboring hemisegments to form a continuous tracheal network. Branch fusion is mediated by individual cells at the tip of each branch, which contact a similar cell and undergo a coordinated series of morphogenetic events that create a bicellular fusion joint.


tube formation

description: Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow.


lumen formation, open tracheal system

description: Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow.


regulation of tube size

description: Ensuring that a tube is of the correct length and diameter. Tube size must be maintained not only during tube formation, but also throughout development and in some physiological processes.


name: regulation of tube size, open tracheal system

description: Ensuring that an epithelial tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length and diameter. Tracheal tubes undergo highly regulated tube-size increases during development, expanding up to 40 times their initial size by the end of larval life. Tube size appears to be controlled by regulation of apical membrane expansion and secretion, rather than by changes in cell number, size or shape.


name: regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system

description: Ensuring that tracheal cells form and maintain tubular structures with the correct size and shape for their position in the network. This is essential for efficient flow of gases through the tracheal network.


name: epithelial cell type specification, open tracheal system

description: Allocation of epithelial cells within each migrating branch in an open tracheal system to distinct tracheal cell fates. During the migration phase each branch forms a well-defined number of cell types (including fusion cells, terminal cells and branch cells) at precise positions.


name: terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system

description: The process in which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange.


name: negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system

description: Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a terminal cell fate in an open tracheal system. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.


fusion cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a fusion cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Fusion cells allow the interconnection of adjacent tracheal metameres during tracheal tube fusion.


name: negative regulation of fusion cell fate specification

description: Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a fusion cell fate. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.


name: regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system

description: Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct diameter. When primary branches form their lumens are small (less than 2 micrometers) in caliber and must undergo regulated expansion during larval life to reach their mature size.


name: regulation of tube length, open tracheal system

description: Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length.


name: maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system

description: Ensuring that tracheal tubes in an open tracheal system maintain their epithelial structure during the cell shape changes and movements that occur during the branching process.


imaginal disc lineage restriction

description: Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between compartments in an imaginal disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


embryonic hemopoiesis

description: The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo.


embryonic hemocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the embryonic head mesoderm acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


embryonic plasmatocyte differentiation

description: The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte.


embryonic crystal cell differentiation

description: The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.


post-embryonic hemopoiesis

description: The stages of blood cell formation that take place after completion of embryonic development.


larval lymph gland hemopoiesis

description: The production of blood cells from the larval lymph gland. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.


name: larval lymph gland hemocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the larval lymph gland acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: lymph gland plasmatocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte.


name: lymph gland crystal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.


lamellocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a lamellocyte. Lamellocytes are a hemocyte lineage that exists only in larvae, but are seldom observed in healthy animals. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


hemocyte proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of hemocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


histone kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone.


histone H3S10 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 10) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 10) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 10 of histone H3.


social behavior

description: Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group.


larval foraging behavior

description: The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food.


turning behavior

description: Fine-tuning the spatial position of an organism in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of an organism in the direction of a food source.


larval wandering behavior

description: The movement of a third instar larva through a substrate in search of a pupation site. This movement occurs without feeding and is characterized by short bursts of forward movement, separated by stops and repeated side-to-side head probes, followed normally by a change in direction.


larval burrowing behavior

description: Digging into the substrate by non-feeding larvae in search for food-free sites suitable for pupation.


female germline ring canal outer rim

description: An electron opaque backbone of the insect ovarian ring canal that is a part of or adjacent to the plasma membrane. The outer rim is established as the cleavage furrow is arrested, and contains F-actin, anillin, glycoproteins and at least one a protein with a high content of phosphorylated tyrosine residues.


female germline ring canal inner rim

description: A proteinaceous actin-rich layer of the insect ovarian ring canal that forms subcortically to the outer rim. The electron dense inner rim accumulates after the final mitotic division of each germline syncytia, and contains actin, a phosphotyrosine protein, and a number of cytoskeletal proteins.


preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

description: The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis.


syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

description: Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively.


hatching behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.


hatching

description: The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure.


Rb-E2F complex

description: A multiprotein complex containing a heterodimeric E2F transcription factor and a Retinoblastoma (Rb) family member. This complex is capable of repressing transcription of E2F-regulated genes in order to regulate cell cycle progression.


syncytial nuclear migration

description: The directed movement of nuclei within the syncytial embryo of insects. These precise temporal and spatial patterns of nuclear movement are coordinated with mitotic divisions and are required during blastoderm formation to reposition dividing nuclei from the interior of the syncytial embryo to the cortex.


nuclear axial expansion

description: The stepwise asymmetric spreading out of nuclei internally along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing insect embryo during mitotic cycles 4 to 6. This movement leads to the distribution of nuclei in a hollow ellipsoid underlying the cortex.


nuclear cortical migration

description: The symmetric outward movement of the syncytial nuclei from their positions in the ellipsoid toward the periphery of the embryo, during mitotic cycles 8 and 9. This movement results in the placement of nuclei in a uniform monolayer at the cortex of the developing embryo.


name: larval central nervous system remodeling

description: Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: regulatory ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing

description: A posttranscriptional gene silencing pathway in which regulatory RNAs elicit silencing of specific target genes, either by mRNA destabilization or inhibition of translation.


name: miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing

description: A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) elicit silencing of specific target genes. miRNAs are endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate protein production by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA (often mRNA) or mRNA translational repression, usually accompanied by poly-A tail shortening and subsequent degradation of the mRNA. miRNAs are present in all the animals and in plants, whereas siRNAs are present in lower animals and in plants.


miRNA processing

description: A process leading to the generation of a functional miRNA. Includes the cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.


siRNA binding

description: Binding to a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.


miRNA binding

description: Binding to a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes.


salt aversion

description: The specific avoidance actions or reactions of an organism in response to the perception of salt.


name: leg disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the leg imaginal disc.


name: leg disc anterior/posterior lineage restriction

description: Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments of the leg disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


name: tracheal pit formation in open tracheal system

description: Formation of the tracheal pits, the first tube-like structures to form in the open tracheal system. Once cells are determined to their tracheal cell fate, the tracheal pits arise by invagination of each ectodermal cluster of tracheal placode cells, between 5 and 7 hours after egg laying. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


name: negative regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


name: positive regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


regulation of hemocyte proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: negative regulation of hemocyte proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: positive regulation of hemocyte proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) that are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


pupal development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pupa is a dormant life stage interposed between the larval and the adult stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis.


prepupal development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prepupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prepupal stage is a life stage interposed between the larval and the pupal stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis. The start of the pre-pupal stage is marked by pupariation, and the end is marked by pupation.


spermathecum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk.


name: cell competition in a multicellular organism

description: Competitive interactions within multicellular organisms between cell populations that differ in growth rates, leading to the elimination of the slowest-growing cells.


clypeo-labral disc development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeo-labral disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. The clypeo-labral disc develops into the labrum, anterior cibarial plate, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite.


eye-antennal disc development

description: Progression of the eye-antennal imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.


genital disc development

description: Progression of the genital imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult terminalia, comprising the entire set of internal and external genitalia and analia. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed from the female and male genital primordia, and the anal primordium. The anal primordium develops in both sexes, forming either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia.


haltere disc development

description: Progression of the haltere imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.


labial disc development

description: Progression of the labial imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including parts of the proboscis.


leg disc development

description: Progression of the leg imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.


prothoracic disc development

description: Progression of the prothoracic disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult humerous and anterior spiracle.


wing disc development

description: Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.


genital disc pattern formation

description: The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the genital imaginal disc.


wing disc pattern formation

description: The process giving rise to the pattern of cell differentiation in the wing imaginal disc.


leg disc pattern formation

description: The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the leg imaginal disc.


name: genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium).


name: determination of genital disc primordium

description: Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two.


name: glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding

description: Binding to the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase.


name: regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

description: Any process that modulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase.


name: negative regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase.


name: positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase, typically by lowering its sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and by increasing its affinity for glutamate.


cytoneme

description: A long, thin, polarized cell projection that contains actin and can extend for distances many times the diameter of the cell. Cytonemes represent extensions of cell cytoplasm and typically have a diameter of approximately 0.2um.


cytoneme assembly

description: Formation of a cytoneme, a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.


germ cell attraction

description: The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the attraction of cells towards their target.


germ cell repulsion

description: The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the repulsion of cells away from a tissue.


ectopic germ cell programmed cell death

description: Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo.


name: ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


proctolin receptor activity

description: Combining with the neuropeptide proctolin, to initiate a change in cell activity.


corazonin receptor activity

description: Combining with the neuropeptide corazonin to initiate a change in cell activity.


vitamin A biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid. Animals cannot synthesize vitamin A de novo, but form it through oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.


tube morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.


dopamine binding

description: Binding to dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.


name: protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the addition of a methyl group to either of the unmethylated terminal nitrogen atoms (also called omega nitrogen) in peptidyl-arginine to form an omega-N-G-monomethylated arginine residue. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-Nomega-methyl-L-arginine.


name: protein-arginine omega-N asymmetric methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the same terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that was previously methylated, resulting in asymmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethylated arginine residues.


name: protein-arginine omega-N symmetric methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that is not already methylated, resulting in symmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyled arginine residues.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carbon atom of an arginine residue in a protein. This modification has been detected in anaerobic bacteria.


peptidyl-arginine N-methylation

description: The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


peptidyl-arginine omega-N-methylation

description: The addition of a methyl group onto a terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an acceptor molecule, forming an alpha-1,4 linkage.


synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

description: The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


UDP-galactosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose group from UDP-galactose to an acceptor molecule.


UDP-glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to an acceptor molecule.


UDP-xylosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a xylosyl group from UDP-xylose to an acceptor molecule.


ciliary rootlet

description: A cytoskeleton-like structure, originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium, and extending proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm.


glutamate receptor binding

description: Binding to a glutamate receptor.


ionotropic glutamate receptor binding

description: Binding to an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Ionotropic glutamate receptors bind glutamate and exert an effect through the regulation of ion channels.


name: G protein-coupled glutamate receptor binding

description: Binding to a G protein-coupled glutamate receptor (a metabotropic glutamate receptor).


nuclear glucocorticoid receptor binding

description: Binding to a nuclear glucocorticoid receptor.


internal genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the internal genitalia are generated and organized. The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals.


external genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals.


gonad morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals.


name: genital disc sexually dimorphic development

description: The sex-specific patterns of primoridia growth and differentiation in the genital imaginal disc. The anal primordium of the genital disc develops in both sexes, but depending on the genetic sex gives rise to either male or female analia. Depending on the genetic sex, only one of the two genital primordia develop. In females the female genital primordium develops and gives rise to the female genitalia whereas the male primordium is repressed. Conversely, in males the male genital primordium develops and gives rise to the male genitalia whereas the female genital primordium is repressed.


multicellular organism growth

description: The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.


organ growth

description: The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.


meristem growth

description: The increase in size or mass of a meristem, a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation.


NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60).


protein mannosylation

description: The addition of a mannose residue to a protein acceptor molecule.


protein O-linked mannosylation

description: The transfer of mannose from dolichyl activated mannose to the hydroxyl group of a seryl or threonyl residue of a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.


endocrine system development

description: Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes.


ring gland development

description: Progression of the ring gland over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The ring gland is a neuroendocrine organ found in higher Dipterans, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiacum. The ring gland is the site of production and release of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones.


exocrine system development

description: Progression of the exocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The exocrine system is a system of hormones and glands, where the glands secrete straight to a target site via ducts or tubes. The human exocrine system includes the salivary glands, sweat glands and many glands of the digestive system.


phthalate binding

description: Binding to a phthalate, any ester or salt of phthalic acid.


diphenyl phthalate binding

description: Binding to diphenyl phthalate, C(20)H(14)O(4).


dibutyl phthalate binding

description: Binding to dibutyl phthalate, C(16)H(22)O(4).


ethanol binding

description: Binding to ethanol, CH(3)-CH(2)-OH.


name: spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a spiracle are generated and organized. Spiracles are the openings in the insect open tracheal system; externally they connect to the epidermis and internally they connect to the tracheal trunk.


name: miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation

description: An RNA interference pathway in which microRNAs (miRNAs) block the translation of target mRNAs into proteins. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA will typically mediate repression of translation if the miRNA imperfectly base-pairs with the 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs.


name: miRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization

description: An RNA interference pathway in which microRNAs (miRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA base pairing with near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA will typically direct targeted endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA. Many plant miRNAs downregulate gene expression through this mechanism.


pre-miRNA export from nucleus

description: Transport of pre-microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Pre-miRNAs are a ~60-70 nucleotide stem loop intermediate in miRNA production, produced by the nuclear cleavage of a primary miRNA (pri-mRNA) transcript. Pre-miRNAs are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where further cleavage occurs to produce a mature miRNA product.


segmentation

description: The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis.


central nervous system segmentation

description: Division of the central nervous system into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


brain segmentation

description: Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


appendage segmentation

description: Division of an appendage, an organ or part that is attached to the main body of an organism, into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. Most arthropod appendages, such as the legs and antennae, are visibly segmented.


head segmentation

description: Partitioning the insect head anlage into a fixed number of segmental units. The number of segments composing the insect head has long been a subject of debate, but it is generally agreed that there are 6 or 7 segments. From anterior to posterior the head segments are the procephalic segments (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) and the gnathal segments (mandibular, maxillary and labial).


anterior head segmentation

description: Partitioning the insect head anlage into procephalic (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) segments. The procephalic segments lie anterior to the gnathal (posterior head) segments, and are pattered by different segmentation gene cascades to the abdominal, thoracic and posterior head (gnathal) segments.


posterior head segmentation

description: Partitioning the posterior region of the insect head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains.


trunk segmentation

description: Partitioning of the blastoderm embryo into trunk segmental units. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8.


name: specification of segmental identity, intercalary segment

description: The specification of the characteristic structures of the intercalary segment of the anterior head, following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


name: specification of segmental identity, trunk

description: The specification of the characteristic structures of trunk segments, following establishment of segment boundaries. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


name: chitin-based larval cuticle pattern formation

description: The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the chitin-based larval cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


determination of wing disc primordium

description: Allocation of embryonic cells to the wing disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of a wing imaginal disc.


tube development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.


regulation of tube diameter

description: Any process that modulates the diameter of a tube.


name: regulation of Malpighian tubule diameter

description: Ensuring that the Malpighian tubule is the correct width. Malpighian tubules have a uniform circumference along their length; the circumference of the tubes is eight cells during the time the cells are dividing, after which the cells rearrange producing tubes with a cirumference of two cells.


regulation of Malpighian tubule size

description: Ensuring that a Malpighian tubule is the correct length and diameter.


name: inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Hedgehog signaling complex

description: A multiprotein complex that binds microtubules in a Hedgehog-dependent manner, and is required for signal transduction by members of the Hedgehog family of proteins. The core components of the complex are the serine/threonine protein kinase Fused, the kinesin motor protein Costal2 (Cos2), and a zinc finger transcription factor (Gli family members in humans, and Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in Drosophila).


ecdysteroid 25-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 25. Ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, particularly metamorphosis, in insects and other arthropods.


regulation of dephosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.


regulation of protein dephosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.


name: negative regulation of dephosphorylation

description: Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.


name: positive regulation of dephosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.


name: positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.


name: negative regulation of protein dephosphorylation

description: Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.


wing and notum subfield formation

description: The regionalization process that subdivides the wing imaginal disc into the wing and notum (body wall) subfields, thus determining whether cells ultimately differentiate wing or notum-specific structures.


notum cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment.


wing cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment.


5'-3' DNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a DNA molecule.


name: wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

description: The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis.


scab formation

description: Formation of hardened covering (a scab) at a wound site. The scab has multiple functions including limiting blood loss, providing structural stability to the wound and guarding against infection.


hair cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell.


non-sensory hair organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of non-sensory hairs. These hairs are polarized cellular extensions that cover much of the insect epidermis.


name: imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.