myotube differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


myotube cell development

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


name: myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

description: A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts, after migrating to the site of injury, fuse into existing damaged fibers or fuse to myotubes to form new fibers, as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


name: myotube cell development involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

description: The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. This occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


name: myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. This process occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


smooth muscle cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


name: regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


name: positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


name: negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


name: myoblast maturation involved in muscle regeneration

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast cell to attain its fully functional state involved in muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


name: regulation of muscle filament sliding speed involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

description: Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.


regulation of lung blood pressure

description: The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the lungs. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


corrin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.


tetrahydrocorphin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrocorphins, tetrapyrroles that combine the structural elements of both porphyrins and corrins.


name: nickel-tetrapyrrole coenzyme metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an enzyme cofactor consisting of a tetrapyrrole structure containing nickel, such as the F-430 cofactor found in methyl-coenzyme M reductase.


name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues.


name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, linkage to polypeptide

description: The polymerization of one or more heparan sulfate chains via a xylose link onto serine residues in the core protein of a proteoglycan.


name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharide chain component of heparan sulfate proteoglycan.


name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification

description: The modification, often by sulfation, of sugars incorporated into heparan sulfate after polymerization.


name: [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-N-sulfoglucosamine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 3-beta-D-glucuronosyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + heparan alpha-D-glucosaminide = CoA + heparan N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide.


glucuronosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + acceptor = UDP + acceptor beta-D-glucuronoside.


heparin-sulfate lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate; appears to act on linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and uronate. Product is an unsaturated sugar.


glucuronate-2-sulfatase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the 2-O-sulfo-D-glucuronate residues of chondroitin sulfate, heparin and heparitin sulfate.


coreceptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.


Cajal body

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA.


protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


protein-disulfide reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a protein with reduced sulfide groups = a protein with oxidized disulfide bonds.


disulfide oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds.


name: glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + electron acceptor = glutathione disulfide + electron donor.


NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized adrenodoxin + NADPH + H+ = reduced adrenodoxin + NADP+.


name: trypanothione-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trypanothione = NADPH + H+ + trypanothione disulfide.


leghemoglobin reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferrileghemoglobin = NADP+ + 2 ferroleghemoglobin.


rubredoxin-NAD+ reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADH + H+.


rubredoxin-NAD(P)+ reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.


rubredoxin-NADP+ reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADPH + H+.


NADPH-cytochrome-c2 reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome c2 = NADP+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c2.


name: phthalate dioxygenase reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of electrons between pyridine nucleotides (obligatory two-electron carriers) and hemes or (2Fe-2S) centers (obligatory one-electron carriers) in respiration, photosynthesis, and many oxygenase systems.


methane monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: methane + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = methanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


methane monooxygenase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses methane monooxygenase activity; dimeric and trimeric complexes have been characterized.


beta3-adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta3-adrenergic receptors.


gastrin receptor activity

description: Combining with gastrin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity.


secretin receptor activity

description: Combining with secretin to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor activity

description: Combining with the corticotrophin-releasing factor family of ligands, including the urocortins, to initiate a change in cell activity.


thrombin-activated receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by thrombin, which exposes a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.


alpha-amylase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of alpha-amylase.


amidinotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reversible transfer of an amidino group to an acceptor.


glycine amidinotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + glycine = L-ornithine + guanidinoacetate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-arginine = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-ornithine.


DNA integration

description: The process in which a DNA segment is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome.


name: monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: proton transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a proton from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of potassium ions (K+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: silver ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of silver (Ag+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sodium ions (Na+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: aluminum ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of aluminum (Al) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of calcium (Ca) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: cadmium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cadmium (Cd) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: cobalt ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cobalt (Co2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: high-affinity copper ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a copper ions (Cu2+) from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: low-affinity ferric iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Fe2+(out) = Fe2+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


name: ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: high-affinity ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: lead ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of lead (Pb) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of magnesium (Mg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: mercury ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of mercury (Hg2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: molybdate ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. Molybdate is the bivalent anion derived from molybdic acid.


name: nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: vanadium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of vanadium (V) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: organic cation transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage.


name: inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of inorganic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.


name: antimonite transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-.


name: chlorate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of chlorate, ClO3-, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: chloride transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of chloride ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: chromate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of chromate from one side of a membrane to the other. Chromate is the anion of chromic acid, H2CrO4 (aq) or CrO3.


name: cyanate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: iodide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of iodide ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: nitrate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of nitrate ions (NO3-) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: nitrite transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of nitrite (NO2-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: silicate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of silicates from one side of a membrane to the other. Silicates are the salts of silicic acids, and are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.


name: sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: thiosulfate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of thiosulfate ions, HS2O3(1-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: hexose phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of hexose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Hexose phosphates is any of a group of monophosphorylated aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


name: phosphoglycerate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of phosphoglycerates from one side of a membrane to the other. Phosphoglycerates are important intermediates in glycolysis and 3-phosphoglycerate is a precursor in serine biosynthesis.


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate(out) + phosphate(in) = phosphoenolpyruvate(in) + phosphate(out).


name: acetate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid.


name: allantoate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of allantoate from one side of a membrane to the other. Allantoate is the end product of purine metabolism in mammals and some fish, formed form allantoin. It is widely distributed in plants as an important source of stored nitrogen.


name: bile acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


name: canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts out of a hepatocyte and into the bile canaliculus by means of an agent such as a transporter or pore. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


name: bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bilirubin is a linear tetrapyrrole produced in the reticuloendothelial system from biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. In the liver, bilirubin is converted to bilirubin bisglucuronide, which is excreted in the bile.


name: gluconate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of gluconate from one side of a membrane to the other. Gluconate is the aldonic acid derived from glucose.


name: lactate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of lactate from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.


name: mevalonate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of mevalonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Mevalonate is the anion of mevalonic acid; its (R)-enantiomer is a strategic intermediate derived from hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA in the biosynthesis of polyprenyl compounds.


name: oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of prostaglandins from one side of a membrane to the other. A prostaglandin is any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.


name: uronic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of uronic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Uronic acids are any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.


name: hexuronate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of hexuronates from one side of a membrane to the other. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.


name: glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glucuronate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucuronate is the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


name: sialic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sialic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: citrate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: fumarate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of fumarate from one side of a membrane to the other. Fumarate is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.


name: alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of alpha-ketoglutarate from one side of a membrane to the other. Alpha-ketoglutarate (or oxoglutarate) is a compound with important roles in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, especially in transamination reactions and as a component of the TCA cycle.


name: malate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of malate from one side of a membrane to the other. Malate is a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid, hydroxybutanedioic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


name: succinate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of tricarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Tricarboxylic acid are organic acids with three COOH groups.


name: urate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of urate from one side of a membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


name: carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of carbohydrate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: monosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a monosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: pentose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a pentose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pentose is a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms.


name: L-arabinose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-arabinose from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabinose occurs free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers and in the combined states, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides, etc.


name: D-xylose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-xylose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-xylose (the naturally occurring enantiomer is always D-) is a constituent of plant polysaccharides.


name: hexose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: fucose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of fucose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fucose is 6-deoxygalactose and has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.


name: alpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of alpha-glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.


name: glucose-6-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glucose-6-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


name: rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of rhamnose from one side of a membrane to the other. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


name: disaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of disaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: lactose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of lactose from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactose is a disaccharide 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, and constitutes roughly 5% of the milk in almost all mammals.


name: melibiose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of melibiose from one side of a membrane to the other. Melibiose is the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose and occurs as a constituent of the trisaccharide raffinose or in the exudates and nectaries of a number of plants.


name: oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: raffinose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of raffinose from one side of a membrane to the other. Raffinose occurs in plants almost as commonly as sucrose and is present in cereal grains, cotton seeds, and many legumes. It is synthesized from sucrose by transfer of a galactopyranoside from myo-inositol.


name: polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of polysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


name: beta-glucan transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of beta-glucans from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-glucans are compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-glucosidic bonds.


lipid III floppase activity

description: Enables the transbilayer of capsular-polysaccharides (Und-PP-GlcNAc-ManNAcA-Fuc4NAc (lipid III)) from the inner to the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane during the assembly of ECA. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


name: glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a glucuronosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucuronosides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of glucuronate.


name: pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


name: polyol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a polyol from one side of a membrane to the other. A polyol is any polyhydric alcohol.


name: arabitol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an arabitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


name: glycerol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


name: glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glycerol-3-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


name: propanediol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of propanediol from one side of a membrane to the other. Propanediol is a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid; it is also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items, although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects.


name: amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.


name: acidic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of acidic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have side chains with a negative charge at pH 7.3.


name: aromatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of aromatic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Aromatic amino acids have an aromatic ring.


name: basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have side chains with a positive charge at pH 7.3.


name: neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of neutral L-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Neutral amino acids have side chains with no charge at pH 7.3.


name: L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other. L-amino acids are the L-enantiomers of amino acids.


name: L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-alanine is the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


name: L-asparagine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-asparagine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-asparagine is the L-enantiomer of alpha-aminosuccinamic acid.


name: L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-aspartate is the anion derived from aspartic acid.


name: L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-cystine from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of gamma-aminobutyric acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Gamma-aminobutyric acid is 4-aminobutyrate (GABA).


name: L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamine is 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


name: glycine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glycine from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycine is aminoethanoic acid.


name: L-isoleucine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-isoleucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-isoleucine is (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


name: L-lysine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-lysine is 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


name: L-leucine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-leucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-leucine is 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


name: L-methionine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-methionine is 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.


name: L-phenylalanine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-phenylalanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-phenylalanine is 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


name: L-proline transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-proline from one side of a membrane to the other. L-proline is pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid.


name: L-serine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-serine is the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


name: L-threonine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-threonine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-threonine is (2R*,3S*)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid.


name: L-tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


name: amino-acid betaine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of betaine from one side of a membrane to the other. Betaine is the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


name: methylammonium transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables directed movement of methylammonium, CH3NH2, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: polyamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, from one side of a membrane to the other.


urea transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of urea from one side of a membrane to the other. Urea is the water soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.


name: nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acidfrom one side of a membrane to the other.


name: adenine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of adenine, 6-aminopurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: guanine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: cytosine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: uracil transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: purine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a purine nucleoside, a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: cytidine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cytidine, cytosine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: uridine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of uridine, uracil riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: pyrimidine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleoside, a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


ADP transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: pyrimidine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: choline transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of choline from one side of a membrane to the other. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


name: lipopolysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of lipopolysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


name: biopterin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of biopterin from one side of a membrane to the other. Biopterin is a growth factor for certain protozoans and some insects; it is widely distributed in tissues and functions in a reduced form, tetrahydrobiopterin, as a hydroxylation coenzyme.


name: biotin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of biotin from one side of a membrane to the other. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


name: carnitine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of carnitine across a membrane. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


name: acyl carnitine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of acyl carnitine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane.


name: coenzyme A transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of coenzyme A from one side of a membrane to the other. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


name: L-ascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-ascorbate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


FAD transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) from one side of a membrane to the other. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.


name: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


heme transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of heme from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: pantothenate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of pantothenate across a membrane. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


name: thiamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of thiamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


name: cycloheximide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cycloheximide from one side of a membrane to the other. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


name: fluconazole transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of fluconazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.


name: fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


aminophospholipid flippase activity

description: Enables the transfer of aminophospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.


water channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of water through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


proton channel activity

description: Enables the facilitated diffusion of a hydrogen ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


glycerol channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of glycerol through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


propanediol channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of propanediol through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


methylammonium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of methylammonium through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Methylammonium is CH3NH2.


urea channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of urea through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.


name: calcium-activated potassium channel activity

description: Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


name: outward rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the outward flow of K+ ions exceeds the inward flow for the opposite driving force.


name: ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by ATP. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force.


name: organellar voltage-gated chloride channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. The membrane is an organellar membrane.


name: stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching.


name: ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: kainate selective glutamate receptor activity

description: An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate, acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium and potassium, and for which kainate is an agonist.


name: intracellularly gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


store-operated calcium channel activity

description: A ligand-gated ion channel activity which transports calcium in response to emptying of intracellular calcium stores.


ligand-gated sodium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


fructose uniporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fructose(out) = fructose(in).


porin activity

description: Enables the transfer of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


name: secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy, not direct ATP coupling. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


uniporter activity

description: Catalysis of the transport of a single molecular species across a membrane; transport is independent of the movement of any other molecular species.


symporter activity

description: Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


name: solute:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(out) = solute(in) + cation(in).


name: solute:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(out) = solute(in) + H+(in).


name: monoatomic anion:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion(out) + cation(out) = anion(in) + cation(in).


antiporter activity

description: Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. The reaction is: solute A(out) + solute B(in) = solute A(in) + solute B(out).


glucose uniporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) = glucose(in).


name: sialate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + cation(out) = sialate(in) + cation(in).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + cycloheximide(in) = H+(in) + cycloheximide(out).


name: benomyl:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + benomyl(in) = H+(in) + benomyl(out).


name: monoamine:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + monoamine(in) = H+(in) + monoamine(out).


name: polyamine:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + polyamine(in) = H+(in) + polyamine(out).


name: fluconazole:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + fluconazole(in) = H+(in) + fluconazole(out).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + aminotriazole(in) = H+(in) + aminotriazole(out).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organophosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = organophosphate(in) +  phosphate(out).


name: phosphate:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phosphate(out) + H+(out) = phosphate(in) + H+(in).


name: inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an inorganic molecular entity from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane. An inorganic molecular entity is a molecular entity that contains no carbon.


name: acetyl-CoA:CoA antiporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA(out) + CoA(in) = acetyl-CoA(in) + CoA(out).


name: cystine:glutamate antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cystine(out) + glutamate(in) = cystine(in) + glutamate(out).


name: high-affinity glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: peptide:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: peptide(out) + H+(out) = peptide(in) + H+(in), up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by hydrogen ion movement.


name: high-affinity oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


name: zinc efflux active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a zinc ion or zinc ions from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane: Zn2+(out) = Zn2+(in). The activity is driven by proton motive force.


name: siderophore-iron transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(in) + H+(in).


name: siderophore uptake transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(in) + H+(in).


name: ferric enterobactin:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric enterobactin(out) + H+(out) = ferric enterobactin(in) + H+(in).


name: ferric triacetylfusarinine C:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric triacetylfusarinine C(out) + H+(out) = ferric triacetylfusarinine C(in) + H+(in).


name: sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.


name: thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of thyroid hormones from one side of a membrane to the other. Thyroid hormone are any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


name: methotrexate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


name: secondary active monocarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the movement of a monocarboxylate, any compound containing a single carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), by uniport, symport or antiport across a membrane by a carrier-mediated mechanism.


name: acetate:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + H+(out) = acetate(in) + H+(in).


name: low-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


name: high-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + phosphate(in) = dicarboxylate(in) +  phosphate(out).


name: malate:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + H+(out) = malate(in) + H+(in).


name: oxoglutarate:malate antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: oxoglutarate(out) + malate(in) = oxoglutarate(in) + malate(out).


name: calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + cation(out) = Ca2+(out) + cation(in).


name: calcium:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).


name: solute:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(out) = solute(in) + Na+(in).


name: galactose:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


name: monoatomic anion:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monoatomic anion(out) + Na+(out) = monoatomic anion(in) + Na+(in).


name: neutral, basic amino acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral/basic amino acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = neutral/basic amino acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


name: glycine:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + Na+(out) = glycine(in) + Na+(in).


name: chloride:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation(out) + Cl-(out) = cation(in) + Cl-(in).


name: sodium:chloride symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


name: potassium:chloride symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Cl-(out) = K+(in) + Cl-(in).


name: high-affinity sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the secondary active high affinity transfer of sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is the transfer of a solute across a membrane, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind thesolute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: sodium:sulfate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + Na+(out) = sulfate(in) + Na+(in).


name: sulfate:bicarbonate antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + bicarbonate(in) = sulfate(in) + bicarbonate(out).


name: sodium:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


name: potassium:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in).


name: potassium:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + H+(out) = K+(in) + H+(in).


name: pyrimidine- and adenosine-specific:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(out) + Na+(out) = (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(in) + Na+(in).


name: purine-specific nucleoside:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: purine(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


name: nucleobase:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleobase(out) + cation(out) = nucleobase(in) + cation(in).


name: uridine:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uridine(out) + H+(out) = uridine(in) + H+(in).


name: nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, down a concentration gradient

description: Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, down the concentration gradient.


name: primary active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is powered by a primary energy source. Primary energy sources known to be coupled to transport are chemical such as ATP hydrolysis, redox energy and photon energy.


name: urea:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urea(out) + Na+(out) = urea(in) + Na+(in).


name: ABC-type monosaccharide transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + monosaccharide(in). Ribose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and methylgalactoside are imported.


name: ABC-type ferric iron transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Fe3+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Fe3+(in).


ABC-type manganese transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Mn2+(in).


name: ABC-type taurine transporter transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + taurine(out) = ADP + phosphate + taurine(in).


ABC-type molybdate transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + molybdate(out) = ADP + phosphate + molybdate(in).


ABC-type nickel transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ni2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Ni2+(in).


ABC-type nitrate transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nitrate(out) = ADP + phosphate + nitrate(in).


name: ATPase-coupled phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphate(in).


name: ABC-type phosphonate transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphonate(in). A phosphonate is any salt, anion, or ester of phosphonic acid (HPO(OH)2).


ABC-type polyamine transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + polyamine(out) = ADP + phosphate + polyamine(in).


name: ABC-type quaternary ammonium compound transporting activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + quaternary ammonium(out) = ADP + H+ + phosphate + quaternary ammonium(in).


ABC-type sulfate transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + sulfate(in).


name: ABC-type vitamin B12 transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: vitamin B12(out) + ATP + H2O = ADP + an vitamin B12(in) + H+ + phosphate. Vitamin B12 is alkylcob(III)alamin.


name: ABC-type oligopeptide transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligopeptide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligopeptide(in).


name: ABC-type oligosaccharide transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligosaccharide(in).


ABC-type maltose transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + maltose(out) = ADP + phosphate + maltose(in).


name: ABC-type amino acid transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + amino acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + amino acid(in/out).


name: ATPase-coupled nonpolar-amino acid transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nonpolar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + nonpolar amino acid(in).


name: ATPase-coupled polar amino acid-transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + polar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + polar amino acid(in).


name: ABC-type glycerol-3-phosphate transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycerol-3-phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycerol-3-phosphate(in).


name: ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutathione S-conjugate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + glutathione S-conjugate(out).


ABC-type bile acid transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(in) + ATP + H2O -> bile acid(out) + ADP + phosphate.


name: ABC-type peptide antigen transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: peptide antigen(in) + ATP = peptide antigen(out) + ADP + phosphate.


ABC-type cadmium transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd (cytosol) = ADP + phosphate + Cd (vacuole).


name: ABC-type capsular-polysaccharide transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + capsular polysaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + capsular polysaccharide(out).


lipopolysaccharide floppase activity

description: Enables the transfer of a lipopolysaccharide from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


name: ABC-type teichoic acid transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + teichoic acid(in) = ADP + phosphate + teichoic acid(out).


ABC-type heme transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + heme(in) = ADP + phosphate + heme(out).


ABC-type peptide transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + peptide(in) = ADP + phosphate + peptide(out). Peptides exported include alpha-hemolysin, cyclolysin, colicin V and siderophores from Gram-negative bacteria, and bacteriocin, subtilin, competence factor and pediocin from Gram-positive bacteria.


name: ABC-type beta-glucan transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + beta-glucan(in) = ADP + phosphate + beta-glucan(out).


P-type magnesium transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mg2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Mg2+(in).


P-type silver transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ag+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Ag+(out).


name: ATPase-coupled arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + arsenite(in) = ADP + phosphate + arsenite(out).


protein-transporting ATPase activity

description: Primary active carrier-mediated transport of a protein across a membrane, driven by the hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond of inorganic pyrophosphate, ATP, or another nucleoside triphosphate. The transport protein may or may not be transiently phosphorylated, but the substrate is not phosphorylated.


name: decarboxylation-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by decarboxylation of a cytoplasmic substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


name: methyl transfer-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by a methyl transfer reaction. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


name: oxidoreduction-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane, driven by exothermic flow of electrons from a reduced substrate to an oxidized substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


name: light-driven active monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Active transport of an ion across a membrane, driven by light.


potassium channel regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a potassium channel.


ABC-type protein transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein(out) = ADP + phosphate + protein(in).


acetylcholine receptor activity

description: Combining with an acetylcholine receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a G protein. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force.


name: nucleoside-specific channel forming porin activity

description: Enables the energy independent passage of nucleoside, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


fimbrial usher porin activity

description: A porin that acts in the assembly of fimbria together with fimbrial chaperone.


autotransporter activity

description: Transports a passenger protein from the periplasm to the external milieu; the passenger protein and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.


adhesin autotransporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of adhesin from the periplasm to the external milieu; the adhesin and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.


hemaglutinin autotransporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of hemaglutinin from the periplasm to the external milieu; the hemaglutinin and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.


name: oligosaccharide transporting porin activity

description: Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


maltose transporting porin activity

description: Enables the transfer of maltose from one side of a membrane to the other. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen and starch. This transporter is a porin so enables the energy independent passage of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


name: long-chain fatty acid transporting porin activity

description: Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons. This transporter is a porin and so enables the energy independent passage of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


cholesterol binding

description: Binding to cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol); the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (glycoside, pentoside or hexuronide)(out) + monovalent cation(out) = (glycoside, pentoside or hexuronide)(in) + monovalent cation(in). The cation is Na+, Li+ or H+.


name: melibiose:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = melibiose(in) + monovalent cation(in).


name: glucuronide:cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucuronide(out) + monovalent cation(out) = glucuronide(in) + monovalent cation(in).


name: putrescine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of putrescine from one side of a membrane to the other. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


name: phenylalanine:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phenylalanine(out) + H+(out) = phenylalanine(in) + H+(in).


name: lysine:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lysine(out) + H+(out) = lysine(in) + H+(in).


name: aromatic amino acid:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: aromatic amino acid(out) + H+(out) = aromatic amino acid(in) + H+(in).


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + H+(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + H+(in).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: putrescine(out) + ornithine(in) = putrescine(in) + ornithine(out).


name: pantothenate:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: pantothenate(out) + Na+(out) = pantothenate(in) + Na+(in).


name: formate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of formate from one side of a membrane to the other. Formate is also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


name: glutamate:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + Na+(out) = glutamate(in) + Na+(in).


name: glutathione-regulated potassium exporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in), where glutathione maintains the closed state.


name: cytosine:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cytosine(out) + H+(out) = cytosine(in) + H+(in).


name: uracil:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uracil(out) + cation(out) = uracil(in) + cation(in).


name: nucleoside:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + H+(out) = nucleoside(in) + H+(in).


name: high-affinity secondary active nitrite transmembrane transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of nitrite from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: nitrite efflux transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of nitrite from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


name: citrate:succinate antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + succinate(in) = citrate(in) + succinate(out).


name: tartrate:succinate antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: tartrate(out) + succinate(in) = tartrate(in) + succinate(out).


name: galactose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + H+(out) = galactose(in) + H+(in).


name: arabinose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: arabinose(out) + H+(out) = arabinose(in) + H+(in).


name: D-xylose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-xylose(out) + H+(out) = D-xylose(in) + H+(in).


name: tetracycline:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + tetracycline(in) = H+(in) + tetracycline(out).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = hexose phosphate(in) +  phosphate(out).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycerol phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glycerol phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).


name: lactose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lactose(out) + H+(out) = lactose(in) + H+(in).


name: raffinose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: raffinose(out) + H+(out) = raffinose(in) + H+(in).


name: shikimate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of shikimate from one side of a membrane to the other. Shikimate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.


name: citrate:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + H+(out) = citrate(in) + H+(in).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-ketoglutarate(out) + H+(out) = alpha-ketoglutarate(in) + H+(in).


name: shikimate:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: shikimate(out) + H+(out) = shikimate(in) + H+(in).


name: fucose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fucose(out) + H+(out) = fucose(in) + H+(in).


name: xanthosine:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: xanthosine(out) + H+(out) = xanthosine(in) + H+(in).


sialic acid:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + H+(out) = sialate(in) + H+(in).


name: hexuronate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexuronate(out) + cation(out) = hexuronate(in) + cation(in). The hexuronate may be glucuronate or galacturonate.


name: 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(out) + H+(out) = 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(in) + H+(in).


name: secondary active cyanate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cyanate from one side of a membrane to the other.


phenyl propionate uniporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of phenyl propionate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: bicyclomycin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of bicyclomycin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicyclomycin (or bicozamycin) is an antibacterial drug often used as a livestock feed additive.


name: sulfathiazole transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sulfathiazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulfathiazole is an antibacterial agent of the sulfonamide group.


name: galacturonate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of galacturonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Galacturonate is the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


name: 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: propionate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of propionate from one side of a membrane to the other. Propionate (or propanoate) is the organic acid CH3-CH2-COOH.


name: xanthosine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: tartrate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of tartrate from one side of a membrane to the other. Tartrate is the anion of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, one of the aldaric acids. The L(+) enantiomer occurs widely in plants, especially in grape juice, and in fungi and bacteria.


name: C4-dicarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of C4-dicarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: secondary active p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate is the anion of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid.


name: rhamnose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: rhamnose(out) + H+(out) = rhamnose(in) + H+(in).


name: efflux transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


name: threonine efflux transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of threonine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


name: alkane transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of alkanes from one side of a membrane to the other. Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.


name: L-idonate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-idonate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-idonate is an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.


name: N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.


name: N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. The D isomer of N-acetylglucosamine is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


name: beta-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of beta-glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in a beta configuration.


name: trehalose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of trehalose from one side of a membrane to the other. Trehalose is the disaccharide alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside that acts of a reserve carbohydrate in certain fungi, algae and lichens.


name: mannitol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of mannitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


name: sorbitol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sorbitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose.


name: galactitol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a galactitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


name: mannose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.


name: D-ribose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-ribose from one side of a membrane to the other. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.


name: methylgalactoside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of methylgalactoside from one side of a membrane to the other. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.


name: ABC-type putrescine transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + putrescine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + putrescine(in).


name: ATPase-coupled L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutamine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + glutamine(in).


name: iron chelate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an iron chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. An iron chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


name: organophosphate ester transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organophosphate esters from one side of a membrane to the other. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.


name: spermidine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: ABC-type fatty-acyl-CoA transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction ATP + H2O + fatty acyl CoA(Side 1) = ADP + phosphate + fatty acyl CoA(Side 2). A fatty acyl CoA group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid with a coenzyme A group attached to it.


name: carbohydrate-importing ABC transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(out) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(in).


ABC-type D-ribose transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-ribose(out) = ADP + phosphate + D-ribose(in).


name: ABC-type L-arabinose transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-arabinose(out) = ADP + phosphate + L-arabinose(in).


ABC-type D-xylose transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-xylose(out) = ADP + phosphate + D-xylose(in).


ABC-type D-allose transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-allose(out) = ADP + phosphate + D-allose(in).


DNA translocase activity

description: Generation of movement along a single- or double-stranded DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: ferric-enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ferric-enterobactin from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: ferric triacetylfusarinine C transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ferric triacetylfusarinine C from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: ABC-type ferric-enterobactin transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ferric-enterobactin(out) = ADP + phosphate + ferric-enterobactin(in).


name: ABC-type ferric hydroxamate transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ferric-hydroxamate(out) = ADP + phosphate + ferric-hydroxamate(in).


name: L-diaminopimelate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-diaminopimelate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-diaminopimelate is the L-enantiomer anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid.


name: type II protein secretion system complex

description: A large protein complex, containing 12-15 subunits, that spans the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria and mediates the movement of proteins into the extracellular environment. The complex includes a component in the cytoplasm, an inner membrane subcomplex that reaches into the periplasmic compartment and a secretion pore in the outer membrane. Proteins using the Type II pathway are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane by the Sec or Tat complex.


name: protein secretion by the type II secretion system

description: The process in which proteins are secreted across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria by the type II secretion system. Proteins using this pathway are first translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane via the Sec or Tat pathways.


actin cytoskeleton

description: The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.


microtubule cytoskeleton

description: The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins.


tubulin binding

description: Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules.


ABC-type zinc transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(in).