plantar verrucous skin carcinoma

description: A verrucous carcinoma that involves the plantar part of pes.


larynx verrucous carcinoma

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A well differentaited, non-metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma arising from the larynx. It is an exophytic, warty, and slow growing tumor affecting predominantly older men. It is associated with tobacco smoking. Symptoms include hoarseness, airway obstruction, weight loss, dysphagia, and throat pain. If left untreated, it may cause extensive local destruction.


true hermaphroditism

description: A rare condition characterized by the unequivocal presence of both testicular and ovarian tissues in an individual. It is usually manifested with ambiguous external genitalia.


leukorrhea

description: Whitish or yellowish mucosal vaginal discharge.


vaginal discharge

description: Normal or abnormal secretions from the vagina. Mucus produced by the cervical glands is discharged from the vagina naturally, especially during the childbearing years. Causes of abnormal vaginal discharge include infectious agents (e.g., Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas, and Candida albicans), the presence of foreign bodies, and cervical or vaginal cancer.


pulmonary fibrosis

description: Chronic progressive interstitial lung disorder characterized by the replacement of the lung tissue by connective tissue, leading to progressive dyspnea, respiratory failure, or right heart failure. Causes include chronic inflammatory processes, exposure to environmental irritants, radiation therapy, autoimmune disorders, certain drugs, or it may be idiopathic (no identifiable cause).


intraventricular meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the ventricles of the brain.


anovulation

description: The absence of ovulation.


external ear disorder

description: A disease involving the external ear.


epidural spinal canal meningioma

description: A meningioma that arises in the epidural spinal canal space.


central nervous system chondroma

description: An extraskeletal chondroma usually arising from the dura.


glossopharyngeal nerve paralysis

description: Paralysis of the glossopharyngeal nerve.


cranial nerve palsy

description: Injury to any of the cranial nerves or their nuclei in the brain resulting in muscle weakness.


Shwartzman phenomenon

description: Hemorrhagic necrosis that was first demonstrated in rabbits with a two-step reaction, an initial local (intradermal) or general (intravenous) injection of a priming endotoxin (endotoxins) followed by a second intravenous endotoxin injection (provoking agent) 24 h later. The acute inflammation damages the small blood vessels. The following intravascular coagulation leads to capillary and venous thrombosis and necrosis. Shwartzman phenomenon can also occur in other species with a single injection of a provoking agent, and during infections or pregnancy. Its susceptibility depends on the status of immune system, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and blood flow.


skull base neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the skull base.


diencephalic cancer

description: A cancer involving a diencephalon.


adamantinous craniopharyngioma

description: A craniopharyngioma consisting of broad strands, cords and bridges of a multistratified squamous epithelium with peripheral palisading of nuclei. Diagnostic features include nodules of compact 'wet' keratin and dystrophic calcification. (Adapted from WHO)


papillary craniopharyngioma

description: A craniopharyngioma composed of sheets of squamous epithelium which separate to form pseudopapillae. This variant typically lacks nuclear palisading, wet keratin, calcification, and cholesterol deposits. Clinically, endocrine deficiencies are more often associated with papillary craniopharyngioma than with the adamantinomatous type. (Adapted from WHO)


hemangiopericytic tumor

description: A term that refers to vascular neoplasms with a prominent hemangiopericytic growth pattern.


seminal vesicle tumor

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the seminal vesicle. Representative examples include cystadenoma and adenocarcinoma.


large cell medulloblastoma

description: A medulloblastoma composed of large cells with prominent nucleoli and a larger amount of cytoplasm in contrast with the cells of the classic medulloblastoma.


cerebellar vermis medulloblastoma

description: A medulloblastoma arising from the vermis of the cerebellum.


adult medulloblastoma

description: A medulloblastoma arising from the brain, occurring in adults.


name: adult central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal neoplasm

description: A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified that occurs in adults.


melanotic medulloblastoma

description: A rare malignant embryonal neoplasm characterized by the presence of small cells which resemble the cells of classic medulloblastoma and a minor population of melanin-forming neuroepithelial cells. It usually has an unfavorable clinical course.


childhood medulloblastoma

description: A medulloblastoma occurring in children.


name: childhood central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal neoplasm

description: A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified that occurs in childhood.


thrombophlebitis

description: Inflammation of the veins associated with the presence of a thrombus.


colonic pseudo-obstruction

description: Functional obstruction of the colon leading to megacolon in the absence of obvious colonic diseases or mechanical obstruction. When this condition is acquired, acute, and coexisting with another medical condition (trauma, surgery, serious injuries or illness, or medication), it is called Ogilvie's syndrome.


functional colonic disease

description: Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized irritable bowel syndrome falls into this category.


intestinal pseudo-obstruction

description: Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a digestive disorder in whichthe intestinal walls are unable to contract normally (called hypomotility); the conditionresembles a true obstruction, but no actual blockage exists. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain; vomiting; diarrhea; constipation; malabsorption of nutrients leading to weight loss and/or failure to thrive ; and other symptoms. It may be classified as neuropathic (from lack of nerve function)or myopathic (from lack of muscle function), depending on the source of the abnormality. The condition is sometimes inherited (in an X-linked recessive or autosomal dominant manner)and may be caused by mutations in the FLNA gene; it may also be acquired after certain illnesses. The goal of treatment is to provide relief from symptoms andensure that nutritional support is adequate.


apocrine adenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the apocrine sweat glands. Representative examples include tubular apocrine adenoma and external auditory canal ceruminous adenoma.


hidradenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the sweat glands. Variants include the clear cell and nodular hidradenoma.


bronchogenic carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma arising from the bronchial epithelium.


bronchial neoplasm

description: Tumors or cancer of the bronchi.


pancreatic serous cystadenoma

description: A benign, non-metastasizing cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. It is composed of glycogen-rich epithelial cells which produce a watery fluid. Signs and symptoms include abdominal mass, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


pancreatic cystadenoma

description: A non-metastasizing cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas.


pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant epithelial neoplasm that is usually cystic and arises from the exocrine pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that produce fluid similar to serum. Representative examples include serous cystadenoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma.


main bronchus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the main bronchus.


infectious otitis interna

description: Inflammation of the anatomical structures of the inner ear secondary to an infectious process. Symptoms include severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, and pain. Viral etiology is most common, and recent history of an upper respiratory infection is common. In rare cases an infection of the middle ear can spread to the inner ear, resulting in a bacterial or fungal etiology.


lipomatous cancer

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from adipocytes.


adrenal carcinoma

description: A carcinoma involving a adrenal gland.


acute myocarditis

description: The sudden onset of inflammation of heart muscle with myocellular necrosis; this is generally secondary to an infectious cause, and patients often have a recent history of a flu-like illness.


adrenal cortex disorder

description: A disease involving the adrenal cortex.


adrenal gland cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the adrenal gland


trabecular follicular adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland that predominantly affects children.  It is characterized by the presence of a solid growth pattern.  The malignant cells have nuclear features that are characteristic of papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland.


trabecular adenocarcinoma

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of a trabecular glandular architectural pattern.


extrinsic cardiomyopathy

description: A cardiomyopathy that is not due to abnormalities in heart muscle cells.


name: Bartholin gland transitional cell carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of malignant urothelial-type epithelial cells.


bartholin gland carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland. It usually affects women over fifty and presents with enlargement of the Bartholin gland. Various histologic subtypes have been identified and include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma.


name: non-keratinizing sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract characterized by a plexiform or ribbon-like growth pattern, cytological atypia, and lack of histological evidence of keratinization.


endometrial transitional cell carcinoma

description: A rare primary carcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells resembling urothelial transitional cells. The malignant transitional cells constitute at least 90% of the tumor cells.


name: fallopian tube transitional cell carcinoma

description: A rare transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube.


primary prostate urothelial carcinoma

description: An urothelial carcinoma that arises from the urothelial lining of the prostatic ducts or the prostatic urethra.


urethra transitional cell carcinoma

description: A transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the male or female urethra.


sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma

description: A poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with spindle cell morphologic features.


leather-bottle stomach

description: A cancer-related condition in which the gastric wall becomes thickened and rubbery (leather-bottle stomach). It is most often associated with diffuse gastric adenocarcinomas.


eosinophilic gastritis

description: An eosinophilic gastroenteritis that is characterized by inflammation of the stomach.


bacterial gastritis

description: Gastritis resulting from bacteria.


fungal gastritis

description: Gastritis resulting from fungi.


necrotizing gastritis

description: A variant of phlegmonous gastritis, typically progressing to gastric gangrene.


granulomatous gastritis

description: Gastritis that is associated with the presence of granulomas.


skeletal muscle cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle.


skeletal muscle neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle.


liver rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the liver.


central nervous system rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the central nervous system.


mediastinum rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the mediastinum.


mediastinum sarcoma

description: A rare sarcoma that arises from the mediastinum. Examples include liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma.


rectum rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the rectum.


prostate sarcoma

description: A rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the prostate gland. Representative examples include leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and stromal sarcoma.


ectomesenchymoma

description: An aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the nervous system or soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of a sarcomatous component (most often rhabdomyosarcoma) and a ganglionic or a neuroectodermal component.


gallbladder rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A rhabdomyosarcoma that is located in the gallbladder.


gallbladder sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder. Representative examples include Kaposi sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.


ovary rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the ovaries.


breast rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the breast.


testis rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the testis.


testis sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that arises from the testis. The majority of cases arise from teratomas or spermatocytic seminomas.


bile duct sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that involves the bile duct.


name: rhabdomyosarcoma with mixed embryonal and alveolar features

description: A rhabdomyosarcoma composed of embryonic and alveolar components. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with myoblastic differentiation, a myxoid stroma, and fibrous septa. These tumors were previously considered variants of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The lack of PAX3-FOXO1 fusions in most of these tumors suggests that are biologically and clinically related to embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.


anus rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the anus.


anus sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm arising from the anus. Representative examples include leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Kaposi sarcoma.


duodenal disorder

description: Pathological conditions in the duodenum region of the small intestine (intestine, small).


pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma

description: A cystic adenocarcinoma that arises from the pancreas. It includes the acinar cell and serous cystadenocarcinoma subtypes.


name: bile duct mucinous cystic neoplasm with an associated invasive carcinoma

description: A mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts and it is associated with an invasive carcinomatous component.


heart valve disorder

description: A disease involving the cardial valve.


tricuspid valve insufficiency

description: The backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium, owning to imperfect functioning/insufficiency of the tricuspid valve.


testicular trophoblastic tumor

description: A tumor that arises from the testis and is composed of neoplastic trophoblastic cells. The vast majority of cases are choriocarcinomas.


trophoblastic neoplasm

description: A gestational or non-gestational neoplasm composed of neoplastic trophoblastic cells. Representative examples include hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma.


testicular pure germ cell tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of one histologic component. This category includes seminoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and trophoblastic tumor.


name: parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease

description: Infestations by parasites which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's epidermis. Most ectoparasites are arthropods.


cervical adenosarcoma

description: A rare malignant mixed epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of malignant mesenchymal elements and benign epithelial elements.


cervical carcinosarcoma

description: A mixed epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of malignant mesenchymal elements and benign or malignant epithelial elements. This category includes adenosarcoma and carcinosarcoma.


uterine corpus adenosarcoma

description: A primary polypoid malignant neoplasm of the uterine corpus characterized by the presence of a sarcomatous mesenchymal component and a benign epithelial component. Patients usually present with abnormal vaginal bleeding. It is considered a low grade malignant neoplasm and may recur following resection.


uterine body mixed cancer

description: A primary malignant neoplasm of the uterine corpus characterized by the presence of an epithelial and a mesenchymal component. This category includes carcinosarcoma, carcinofibroma, and adenosarcoma.


ovarian adenosarcoma

description: A biphasic neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of mullerian-type epithelial tissue in a mesenchymal sarcomatous stroma. The presence of a high grade sarcomatous component is associated with recurrences and metastases.


vaginal adenosarcoma

description: A malignant mixed epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of a malignant mesenchymal component and a benign or atypical mullerian-type epithelial component.


colon neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


nail disorder

description: A disease involving the nail.


erythrasma

description: A chronic bacterial infection of major folds of the skin, caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.


common bile duct disorder

description: A disease involving the common bile duct.


bile duct disorder

description: A disease involving the bile duct.


intraorbital meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the intraorbital structures.


orbital cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the orbit.


skull base chordoma

description: A slow-growing malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the notochord and occurring in the base of the skull. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, and the presence of physaliphorous cells..


spinal chordoma

description: A slow-growing malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the notochord and occurring in the spine. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, and the presence of physaliphorous cells.


primary syphilis

description: The subclinical or symptomatic stage of syphilis, occurring at an average of three weeks after contact with an infected individual. It manifests with one or more painless, indurated ulcers (chancres) of the skin or mucous membranes at the site of inoculation. These lesions heal spontaneously within a few weeks.


secondary syphilis

description: The secondary stage of syphilis typically that is characterized by generalized rash (including palms and soles), mucocutaneous lesions, and lymphadenopathy. It usually begins one to two months after the primary stage.


skin cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the zone of skin


differentiating neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma in which the differentiating neuroblasts constitute more than five-percent of the tumor cells.


cerebral neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma arising from the cerebral hemispheres.


articulation disorder

description: A disorder characterized by the failure to use developmentally expected speech sounds that are appropriate for the individual's age (i.e., the individual makes errors in sound production or use or omits sounds such as final consonants).


echolalia

description: A symptom of neurologic or psychiatric dysfunction in which the individual involuntarily and meaninglessly repeats a recently heard word, series of words, or a song.


mutism

description: The inability to generate oral-verbal expression, despite normal comprehension of speech. This may be associated with brain diseases or mental disorders. Organic mutism may be associated with damage to the frontal lobe; brain stem; thalamus; and cerebellum. Selective mutism is a psychological condition that usually affects children characterized by continuous refusal to speak in social situations by a child who is able and willing to speak to selected persons. Kussmal aphasia refers to mutism in psychosis.


intracranial thrombosis

description: Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in a blood vessel within the skull. Intracranial thrombosis can lead to thrombotic occlusions and brain infarction. The majority of the thrombotic occlusions are associated with atherosclerosis.


glucose metabolism disease

description: A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal blood glucose levels.


hyperglycemia

description: Abnormally high level of glucose in the blood.


peroneal neuropathy

description: Disease involving the common peroneal nerve or its branches, the deep and superficial peroneal nerves. Lesions of the deep peroneal nerve are associated with paralysis of dorsiflexion of the ankle and toes and loss of sensation from the web space between the first and second toe. Lesions of the superficial peroneal nerve result in weakness or paralysis of the peroneal muscles (which evert the foot) and loss of sensation over the dorsal and lateral surface of the leg. Traumatic injury to the common peroneal nerve near the head of the fibula is a relatively common cause of this condition. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p31)


brain stem glioma

description: A neuroglial tumor that arises from the brain stem.


brainstem cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the brain stem.


cerebellar neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) tumor involving the cerebellum. -- 2003


childhood brain stem neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that affects the brain stem and occurs during childhood.


childhood infratentorial neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that affects the infratentorial region of the brain and occurs during childhood.


name: brainstem intraparenchymal clear cell meningioma

description: A morphologic variant of meningioma arising from the brain stem. It is characterized by the presence of clear glycogen-rich polygonal cells.


disorder of pilosebaceous unit

description: A disease that involves the pilosebaceous unit.


clear cell meningioma

description: A WHO grade II morphologic variant of meningioma characterized by the presence of clear glycogen-rich polygonal cells.


posterior cranial fossa meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the posterior cranial fossa.


malignant ovarian Brenner tumor

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of an invasive malignant transitional cell component and nests of benign transitional cells in a fibrotic stroma. When the neoplasm is confined to the ovary, the prognosis is good.


congenital structural myopathy

description: A group of rare genetic muscle disorders characterized by hypotonia, muscle weakness, and delayed development of motor skills.


pyoderma

description: Any skin disease that is pyegenic.


name: uterine corpus endometrial stromal sarcoma

description: A uterine corpus sarcoma originating from the endometrial stroma. It is further subdivided into low grade and high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma.


smooth muscle cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from smooth muscle.


clear cell sarcoma

description: A rare malignant neoplasm with melanocytic differentiation characterized by the presence of polygonal or spindle shaped clear cells. This sarcoma usually affects the tendons and aponeuroses and is associated with a poor prognosis due to recurrences and metastases.


spindle cell sarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of spindle-shaped cells. This is a morphologic term which can be applied to a wide range of sarcomas.


carcinosarcoma

description: A malignant tumor composed of a mixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.


kidney sarcoma

description: A sarcoma involving a kidney.


osteosclerosis

description: Abnormally high bone density.


intravascular angioleiomyoma

description: A morphologic variant of angioleiomyoma characterized by the adherence of neoplastic smooth muscle cells to the walls of vascular channels.


penis basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma of the penis with an indolent clinical course. It is usually superficial and arises from the shaft and rarely the glans.


scrotum basal cell carcinoma

description: A scrotal carcinoma that involves the basal cell.


nodular basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that often appears as elevated nodules which may become ulcerated.


metatypical basal cell carcinoma

description: A skin carcinoma displaying cytological characteristics intermediate to nodular basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.


skin pigmented basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma that contains large amounts of melanin. The melanin is produced by symbiotic nontumoral proliferating melanocytes. - 2002.


anal margin basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma arising from the perianal skin. Local excision is the treatment of choice. Metastases are extremely rare.


anal margin carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the perianal skin


sebaceous basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that is characterized by sebaceous differentiation.


external ear basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma that arises from the skin of the external ear.


external ear carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the external ear


micronodular basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma of the skin characterized by the presence of small nodules that permeate the dermis. It presents as an elevated or flat infiltrating tumor, usually in the back.


gynatresia

description: A congenital or acquired occlusion of an opening in any part of the female genital tract.


adamantinoid basal cell epithelioma

description: A rare but aggressive type of basal skin carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of a meshwork of stellate tumor cells. It occurs most commonly in the nose and ears.


name: skin fibroepithelial basal cell carcinoma

description: A variant of basal cell carcinoma presenting as an elevated or erythematous nodular lesion usually in the back. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of cords of basaloid cells extending from the epidermis into the dermis, creating a fenestrating pattern. It follows an indolent course.


morpheaform basal cell carcinoma

description: A histologic variant of basal cell carcinoma of the skin characterized by the presence of strands and nests of malignant cells that are embedded in a dense fibrotic stroma.


skin clear cell basal cell carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of basal cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells.


skin adenoid basal cell carcinoma

description: A variant of basal cell carcinoma morphologically characterized by the presence of thin strands of basaloid cells forming a reticulate pattern.


follicular basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that is characterized by follicular differentiation.


skin infiltrative basal cell carcinoma

description: A variant of basal cell carcinoma presenting as a pale, indurated plaque, usually in the upper trunk or face. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of strands, cords, and columns of basaloid cells infiltrating the dermis. Perineural invasion may be present and the basaloid cell infiltrate may extend into deeper tissues.


name: superficial multifocal basal cell carcinoma

description: A superficial basal cell carcinoma of the skin characterized by the presence of lobules of basaloid cells which are separated by large distances and represent multifocal discrete tumors.


vulva basal cell carcinoma

description: A slow growing, locally infiltrating carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells that resemble the basal cells that are present in the epidermis.


skin cystic basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that is characterized by cyst formation.


sarcomatoid basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma of the skin characterized by the presence of sarcomatoid features.


signet ring basal cell carcinoma

description: A rare type of basal cell carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of mucin containing signet ring cells.


radiculopathy

description: Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see spinal nerve roots) which may result from compression related to intervertebral disk displacement; spinal cord injuries; spinal diseases; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.


polyradiculopathy

description: A radiculopathy that is present in more than one nerve.


large cell acanthoma

description: A benign, well-circumscribed skin squamous lesion characterized by the presence of enlarged keratinocytes with nuclei twice the normal size. (WHO 2018)


epidermolytic acanthoma

description: A benign epithelial verrucous lesion of the skin. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis and papillomatosis.


acantholytic acanthoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm of the skin. It presents as a papular or nodular lesion. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, and prominent acantholysis.


parovarian cyst

description: A cyst (cysts) near the ovary, derived from anomalies of the fallopian tubes or the broad ligament. The paramesonephric type consists of ciliated cells similar to the oviduct epithelium. The mesonephric type consisted of an epithelium with minimally surface structures. They can be found on the thin oviduct (paratubal cysts) or near its fimbriated end (hydatid of Morgagni).


name: splenic manifestation of prolymphocytic leukemia

description: A prolymphocytic leukemia that involves the spleen.


dermatophytosis of scalp or beard

description: Dermatophytosis involving the stratum corneum of the skin of the scalp and beard area.


lymphocele

description: A cystic lesion containing lymph. It usually results from injury, gynecologic surgery, or urologic surgery.


ciliary body cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the ciliary body.


ciliary body disorder

description: A disease involving the ciliary body.


amelanotic melanoma

description: A melanoma characterized by the complete absence of melanin pigment in the melanoma cells. It occurs more frequently on the face and it is often associated with desmoplastic reaction.


posterior mediastinum cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the posterior mediastinum.


epithelioid cell melanoma

description: A melanoma characterized by the presence of malignant large epithelioid melanocytes.


cervical cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the cervix.


malignant breast melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises usually from the breast skin and less often from the breast glandular tissue. Primary breast melanomas are rare.


stomach diverticulosis

description: A pathological condition characterized by the presence of a number of gastric diverticula in the stomach.


name: autoimmune disorder of the nervous system

description: A disorder characterized by the degeneration of the nervous system due to autoimmunity. Representative examples include multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and myasthenia gravis.


orbit alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises in the orbit. It is characterized by the presence of round cells with myoblastic differentiation and a fibrovascular stroma.


papillary squamous carcinoma

description: A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary, exophytic growth pattern and hyperkeratosis. The most commonly affected anatomic sites are the larynx, penis, cervix, vagina, and vulva.


name: peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone

description: A small round cell tumor with neural differentiation arising from the bone. It may be associated with pain.


name: peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of soft tissues

description: A small round cell tumor with neural differentiation arising from the soft tissues.


reticulohistiocytic granuloma

description: A rare cutaneous lesion composed of eosinophilic histiocytes, which are often multinucleated. The lesions are yellow-brown papules affecting any part of the body. Patients are usually adult men. The prognosis is excellent. -- 2003


spongiotic dermatitis

description: A chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchiness and a rash in the chest and abdominal areas. It affects males more than females and is usually contracted at a relatively young age. It is thought to be caused by an allergic reaction to food, insect bites, or medication.


cervix melanoma

description: An aggressive malignant tumor of melanocytic origin that arises from the cervix.


benign fibrous histiocytoma

description: A benign neoplasm composed of fibroblastic spindle cells in a whorled storiform pattern. It is characterized by the presence of foam cells, inflammatory cells, hemosiderin deposition and stromal hemorrhage.


benign deep fibrous histiocytoma

description: A rare, well-circumscribed, pseudo-encapsulated benign fibrous histiocytoma that arises entirely within the subcutaneous tissue or deep soft tissue. It usually affects the extremities or the head and neck region. It recurs locally in a minority of cases.


adenocarcinofibroma

description: A carcinoma arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells in a fibrotic stroma. Histologic variants include clear cell, serous, mucinous, and endometrioid adenocarcinofibroma.


pancreatic somatostatinoma

description: A neuroendocrine tumor arising from the delta cells of the pancreas. It is characterized by inappropriate secretion of somatostatin and associated with diabetes mellitus, hypochlorhydria, gallbladder disease, diarrhea, steatorrhea, anemia, and weight loss.


name: pancreatic delta cell neuroendocrine tumor

description: A usually malignant neuroendocrine tumor arising from the delta cells of the pancreas. It may be associated with inappropriate secretion of somatostatin and an associated clinical syndrome, or it may be hormonally inactive (non-functioning).


name: small intestine neuroendocrine tumor, well differentiated, low or intermediate grade

description: A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine.


cavernous sinus meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the cavernous sinus.


anterior cranial fossa meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the anterior cranial fossa.


skull base meningioma

description: A meningioma that arises from the skull base.


central nervous system germinoma

description: A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the central nervous system. It is composed of uniform cells resembling primitive germ cells. These cells have large, vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and a clear, glycogen-rich cytoplasm. Additional features are lymphoid or lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and, less frequently, scattered syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells. (Adapted from WHO)


central nervous system germ cell tumor

description: A unique group of rare tumors of the central nervous system that affect mainly children and adolescents. Their morphologic and biologic profile corresponds to that of homologous germ cell tumors that arise in the gonads and in other extragonadal sites. Representative examples include: germinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma.


seminoma

description: A radiosensitive malignant germ cell tumor found in the testis (especially undescended), and extragonadal sites (anterior mediastinum and pineal gland). It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells with clear or dense cytoplasm which contains glycogen, and by a large nucleus which contains one or more nucleoli. The neoplastic germ cells form aggregates separated by fibrous septa. The fibrous septa contain chronic inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes.


dysgerminoma

description: A malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of a monotonous primitive germ cell population. The neoplastic cells form aggregates and have an abundant pale cytoplasm and uniform nuclei. The aggregates of the germ cells are separated by fibrous septa which contain inflammatory cells, mostly T-lymphocytes. It arises primarily in the ovaries, but can occur both primarily and secondarily at other sites, particularly the central nervous system. It responds to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its prognosis is related to the tumor stage.


cervical alveolar soft part sarcoma

description: An alveolar soft part sarcoma arising from the cervix.


macular degeneration

description: Loss of vision in the central portion of the retina (macula), secondary to retinal degeneration.


macular retinal edema

description: Accumulation of intraretinal fluid and protein in the macula, which may result in swelling and decreased central vision.


childhood kidney cell carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


hereditary renal cell carcinoma

description: An instance of renal cell carcinoma (disease) that is caused by an inherited modification of the individual's genome.


hyperaldosteronism

description: Overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands, which may lead to hypokalemia and/or hypernatremia.


name: multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma

description: A rare type of renal cell carcinoma. It is a well-circumscribed multicystic mass without solid areas. The inner lining of the cystic structures is composed of clear cells.


name: mucinous tubular and spindle renal cell carcinoma

description: A low grade carcinoma of the kidney characterized by the presence of tubules which are separated by mucinous stroma. Often the tubular structures have a spindle cell appearance. Patients are usually asymptomatic and occasionally they may present with hematuria or flank pain.


sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma

description: A high grade carcinoma of the kidney. It is not a distinct clinicopathological entity and includes a diverse group of renal cell carcinomas which have been transformed from a lower to a higher grade.


rhinitis

description: An inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose, usually associated with nasal discharge.


name: malignant peritoneal solitary fibrous tumor

description: A malignant form of peritoneal solitary fibrous tumor.


potassium deficiency disease

description: Any disorder caused by an insufficient amount or availability of potassium, which generally manifests with myalgia, tetany, hypotension, polyuria, and polydipsia.


central nervous system angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the brain, spinal cord or meninges.


pediatric angiosarcoma

description: An angiosarcoma occurring in childhood.


aorta angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the aorta.


breast angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the breast.


conventional angiosarcoma

description: An angiosarcoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle endothelial cells.


gallbladder angiosarcoma

description: An angiosarcoma that is located in the gallbladder.


thyroid gland angiosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant vascular tumor primarily involving the thyroid gland. It is often associated with longstanding nodular goiter.


thyroid sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm primarily involving the thyroid gland.


skin angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the skin.


name: endometrioid stromal sarcoma of the cervix

description: A rare sarcoma that arises from the cervix. This category includes low grade endometrioid stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated endocervical sarcoma.


name: endometrioid stromal and related neoplasms of the cervix

description: A category of rare neoplasms that arise from the cervix. It includes low grade endometrioid stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated endocervical sarcoma.


superior vena cava angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the superior vena cava.


prostate angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the prostate.


mediastinum angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the mediastinum.


ovarian angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the ovary.


mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A carcinoma morphologically characterized the presence of cuboidal mucous cells, goblet-like mucous cells, squamoid cells, cystic changes, and a fibrotic stromal formation. It can occur in several anatomic sites, including parotid gland, oral cavity, paranasal sinus, skin, breast, lung, larynx, and lacrimal ducts. It is classified as low or high grade.


hypotrichosis

description: A congenital condition, usually due to genetic aberrations, that is characterized by a lack of hair growth on the head and/or body.


dysgraphia

description: Loss or impairment of the ability to write (letters, syllables, words, or phrases) due to an injury to a specific cerebral area or occasionally due to emotional factors. This condition rarely occurs in isolation, and often accompanies aphasia. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p485; apa, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)


nominal aphasia

description: Impaired ability to retrieve words; in particular, an inability to recall the names of objects and people.


retrograde amnesia

description: The loss of access to memories that were previously encoded; this disorder is most commonly preceded by trauma, including physical brain injury, stroke, or seizure, but may also be psychogenic in origin. Memory loss may be temporary or permanent, but the ability to encode new memories or skills is not generally affected.


pediatric mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in children.


adult mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in adults.


anal gland neoplasm

description: Tumors or cancer of the anal gland.


anus neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anal canal or anal margin. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include squamous papilloma and papillary hidradenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma.


name: thymic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive, non-small cell, poorly differentiated thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma, characterized by the presence of a high mitotic rate and, almost always, necrosis.


name: ovarian large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells exhibiting neuroendocrine differentiation. The prognosis is poor.


lung large cell carcinoma

description: A poorly differentiated non-small cell lung carcinoma composed of large polygonal cells without evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation. There is a male predilection.


non specific chronic endometritis

description: Chronic endometritis characterized by the presence of plasmacytic infiltrates in the endometrium. There are no granulomas present.


granulomatous endometritis

description: Chronic inflammation of the endometrium characterized by the presence of epithelioid granulomas. Causes include tuberculosis, fungal infections, parasitic infections, and sarcoidosis.


choroid plexus meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the choroid plexus.


benign meningioma

description: A grade I, slowly growing meningioma. Only a minority of tumors recur following complete resection.


secretory meningioma

description: A WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the presence of epithelial differentiation and numerous intracellular PAS positive bodies that are rich in glycogen.


lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma

description: A WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the presence of prominent chronic inflammatory infiltrates that predominate over the meningioma cells.


pediatric meningioma

description: A meningioma that occurs during childhood.


microcystic meningioma

description: A WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the presence of intercellular microcystic spaces that contain mucinous fluid.


bile duct cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the bile duct


biliary tract cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the biliary tree


benign muscle neoplasm

description: A benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscle tissue.


intestinal benign neoplasm

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the intestine.


inverted transitional cell papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm composed of transitional cells and characterized by an endophytic growth pattern.


nasal cavity inverting papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity. It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia. It has the tendency to recur and extend to adjacent structures. Inverted papillomas are occasionally associated with the development or presence of carcinomas, usually squamous cell carcinomas.


submandibular adenitis

description: Inflammation of the submandibular lymph nodes.


cervical lymphadenitis

description: Inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes.


postauricular lymphadenitis

description: Inflammation of the postauricular lymph nodes.


suppurative lymphadenitis

description: A form of lymphadenitis that is characterized by formation of pus; it is most often caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria.


axillary lymphadenitis

description: An infection of the lymph nodes in the axilla.


retinal cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the retina.


trilateral retinoblastoma

description: Trilateral retinoblastoma refers to bilateral (or less often unilateral) retinoblastoma associated with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the pineal or suprasellar region. This syndrome is often associated with a increased familial incidence of retinoblastoma. (From Cancer 86(1): 135-141, 1999).


bilateral retinoblastoma

description: Retinoblastoma involving both eyes. This occurs in the majority of patients with the inherited variant. A minority of patient with bilateral retinoblastoma were found to have involvement of the pineal gland as well.


unilateral retinoblastoma

description: A retinoblastoma that only involves a single eye.


intraocular retinoblastoma

description: Retinoblastoma restricted to local involvement.


extraocular retinoblastoma

description: Retinoblastoma that has spread beyond the eye e.g. to brain, soft tissue/bone, bone marrow.


mastocytoma

description: A localized tumor composed of sheets of mast cells without atypia. It includes the cutaneous mastocytoma which involves the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, and the extracutaneous mastocytoma. Most cases of extracutaneous mastocytoma have been reported in the lung.


thalamic disorder

description: A disorder of the thalamus. Causes include brain neoplasms, cerebrovascular disorders, brain trauma, brain hypoxia, infections, and brain hemorrhage. Signs and symptoms include movement and sensory abnormalities, visual abnormalities, ataxia, and coma.


venous hemangioma

description: A rare slow growing benign tumor of aberrant and ectatic venous connections.


uremic neuropathy

description: Neuropathy resulting from uremia.


keratitis

description: A corneal disease that is characterized by inflammation of the cornea.


thymic mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of squamous cells, intermediate type cells, and mucus-producing cells. Published information on clinical course is limited to single-case reports.


mucoepidermoid breast carcinoma

description: A carcinoma of the breast characterized by pools of mucin and islands of malignant squamous cells. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the breast are extremely rare.


intramuscular hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from skeletal muscle.


name: extrahepatic bile duct mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A mucoepidermoid carcinoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the extrahepatic bile duct.


cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A mucoepidermoid carcinoma that involves the zone of skin.


lacrimal gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: An extremely rare carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of infiltrating nests of epidermoid cells and mucus producing cells.


mucoepidermoid esophageal carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma of the esophagus which contains squamous cells, mucus secreting cells, and cells of an intermediate type. (WHO)


laryngeal mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A rare mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx. It usually arises from the supraglottic area. Hoarseness and dysphagia are the presenting symptoms.


deep hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the deep soft tissues.


name: childhood mediastinal neurogenic neoplasm

description: A peripheral nervous system neoplasm that arises in the mediastinum during childhood.


mediastinal neural neoplasm

description: A neurogenic tumor that arises from the mediastinum. Neural tumors are the most common tumors that arise from the posterior mediastinum. Representative examples include Schwannoma, neurofibroma, and neuroblastoma.


nerve plexus neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the nerve plexus.


nerve root neoplasm

description: Benign and malignant neoplasms arising from one or more of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, or coccygeal nerve roots. The majority of these tumors are benign. Clinical manifestations may include pain, weakness and loss of sensation along the course of the involved nerve root. Large tumors may cause spinal cord compression.


epicardium cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the epicardium.


prostate disorder

description: A disease involving the prostate gland.


infratentorial cancer

description: Malignant neoplasms which arise or occur within the intracranial cavity below the tentorium cerebelli. This includes neoplasms within the brain and/or surrounding spaces.


foramen magnum meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the foramen magnum.


skin hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the skin.


gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


malignant gastric germ cell tumor

description: A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the stomach. It includes choriocarcinoma and immature teratoma.


extragonadal germ cell cancer

description: A malignant germ cell tumor that develops as a primary tumor in an anatomic site other than the testis or ovary.


subglottic hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the subglottic area.


somatoform disorder

description: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition but are not fully explained by any known medical reasons.


testicular Brenner tumor

description: An uncommon usually benign neoplasm that arises from the testis. It is characterized by the presence of cysts lined by transitional cells and solid nests of transitional cells in a spindle cell stroma.


mixed testicular germ cell cancer

description: A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of more than one histologic component. Representative examples include mixed choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma, mixed embryonal carcinoma and seminoma, and mixed yolk sac tumor and teratoma.


middle cranial fossa meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the middle cranial fossa.


striatonigral degeneration

description: A progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a disruption in the connection between the striatum and the substantia nigra. It is a type of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Signs and symptoms include rigidity, instability, impaired speech, and slow movements.


testicular Leydig cell tumor

description: A sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of cells that resemble the successive stages of development of Leydig cells. It usually presents as a painless testicular mass. Gynecomastia is present in approximately thirty percent of the cases. Libido may be decreased. In children, precocious puberty may be present. A minority of cases exhibit malignant characteristics.


testicular sex cord-stromal neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant tumor that arises from the testis. It is composed of granulosa cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and fibroblasts. Each of these cell types may constitute the only cellular component that is present in the tumor or it may be mixed with other cell types in various combinations. The prognosis can not always be predicted on histologic grounds alone. Approximately, ten percent of these tumors may metastasize. Representative examples include granulosa cell tumor, Leydig cell tumor, Sertoli cell tumor, and tumors of the thecoma-fibroma group.


breast hemangioma

description: A capillary or cavernous hemangioma arising from the breast.


classic pulmonary blastoma

description: A pulmonary blastoma composed of a mixture of irregular tubular structures and mesenchymal elements.


name: epithelial predominant pulmonary blastoma

description: A non-encapsulated, well defined pulmonary blastoma, composed of irregular tubular structures. It affects mostly middle-aged adults and it is rare in children. The prognosis is better compared to the biphasic pulmonary blastoma.


mesoblastic nephroma

description: A solid, unencapsulated tumor of the kidney composed of spindle mesenchymal cells that resemble fibroblasts or muscle cells. The homogeneous mass typically extends into the renal parenchyma and replaces most of the kidney. In most cases, mesoblastic nephroma is benign and occurs in the fetus or newborn, and rarely in the older child or the adult.


exudative glomerulonephritis

description: Inflammation of the glomeruli with infiltration by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.


proliferative glomerulonephritis

description: A constellation of renal disorders characterized by an increase number of cells in the glomerulus; these disorders generally present with nephrotic syndrome, and generally progress to end stage renal failure over a matter of weeks to years, depending on the etiology. Examples include IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.


focal embolic glomerulonephritis

description: Inflammation of a specific segment of glomeruli, which is associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis, and frequently produces microscopic hematuria without azotemia.


description: Inflammation of the glomeruli secondary to presence of autoantibodies directed at specific antigenic targets within the glomerular basement membrane, causing hematuria, proteinuria, and impaired renal function.


diffuse glomerulonephritis

description: Inflammation of the glomeruli, in which all glomeruli are affected, resulting in renal failure.


subacute glomerulonephritis

description: A term that refers to glomerular damage resulting in hematuria, proteinuria, and azotemia. The histopathologic changes include rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.


description: Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a condition that affects the kidneys. Many experts consider it a variant of minimal change disease, but some experts believe it is a separate condition. It may present with nephrotic syndrome, which is a group of symptoms that include protein in the urine (proteinuria), low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and swelling. It can also present with blood in the urine (hematuria). MPGN is characterized by an increased number of mesangial cells in the glomeruli in the kidneys and damage to the glomeruli. Glomeruli are the structures that help filter wastes and fluids. MPGN may occur in several renal diseases such as IgA nephropathy (commonly), IgM nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and C1q nephropathy.However, in some cases, the underlying cause of MPGN remains unclear. Treatment may depend on the cause (if known) and may include steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, and/or cyclophosphamide, and other therapies to treat specific symptoms. Most people with MPGN have a good prognosis, but some may develop chronic kidney disease, which can progress to end stage renal failure.


immune-complex glomerulonephritis

description: Inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by the accumulation of antibody-antigen immune complexes, resulting in glomerular damage and impaired kidney function.


cerebellopontine angle embryonal tumor

description: A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified arising from the cerebellopontine angle of the infratentorial brain.


name: intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor

description: A primitive neuroectodermal tumor that involves the brain.


angiokeratoma

description: A vascular lesion in the papillary dermis resulting from ectasia of pre-existing vessels. It is associated with secondary proliferative changes in the overlying epidermis (hyperkeratosis). It can present with widespread lesions (angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, often associated with inborn errors of metabolism) or as a localized lesion (angiokeratoma of Fordyce, angiokeratoma circumscriptum, and angiokeratoma of Mibelli).


medulloepithelioma

description: A rare, usually aggressive malignant embryonal neoplasm of the central nervous system occurring in children. It is characterized by the presence of neuroepithelial cells which form papillary, trabecular, or tubular structures and absence of C19MC amplification. Symptoms include headache, nausea, and vomiting.


name: supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor

description: A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified arising from the supratentorial region.


space motion sickness

description: Disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, possibly in response to vestibular disorientation or fluid shifts associated with space flight. (From Webster's New World Dictionary)


male reproductive system disorder

description: A disease involving the male reproductive system.


adult brainstem gliosarcoma

description: A gliosarcoma of the brain stem that occurs during adulthood.


adult brainstem glioma

description: A brain stem glioma that occurs in an adult.


hemangioma of peripheral nerve

description: A hemangioma arising from the peripheral nerves.


cavernous hemangioma

description: A hemangioma characterized by the presence of cavernous vascular spaces.


disappearing bone disease

description: Syndromes of bone destruction where the cause is not obvious such as neoplasia, infection, or trauma. The destruction follows various patterns: massive (Gorham disease), multicentric (hajdu-cheney syndrome), or carpal/tarsal.


malignant myoepithelioma

description: An infiltrating malignant tumor characterized by the presence of atypical cells with myoepithelial differentiation. Representative examples include malignant breast myoepithelioma and salivary gland myoepithelial carcinoma.


vascular hemostatic disease

description: Pathological processes involving the integrity of blood circulation. Hemostasis depends on the integrity of blood vessels, blood fluidity, and blood coagulation. Majority of the hemostatic disorders are caused by disruption of the normal interaction between the vascular endothelium, the plasma proteins (including blood coagulation factors), and platelets.


name: cauda equina intradural extramedullary astrocytoma


cauda equina neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a cauda equina.


cerebellar astrocytoma

description: Benign and malignant neoplasms of the cerebellum that arise from astrocytes. During childhood the majority are benign pilocytic astrocytomas. In adults both benign and relatively higher grade forms may occur. The most common presenting symptoms are headache, nausea, vomiting, ataxia of gait or limb, paresis, diplopia, and dizziness. Objective signs include weakness, long tract signs, dysmetria, gait ataxia, papilledema, and nystagmus. Surgical resection is often curative.


cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma

description: A WHO Grade 1 astrocytoma which arises in the cerebellum. The tumor is composed of spindle shaped cells with numerous collections of reddish astrocytic fibers called Rosenthal fibers. Over 80% or the cerebellar astrocytomas of childhood are pilocytic. Pilocytic astrocytomas may rarely occur in adults. They are usually treated by surgical resection and in most cases have a favorable prognosis.


diencephalic astrocytomas

description: A astrocytoma that involves the diencephalon.


gliofibroma

description: An astrocytic tumor affecting young people. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of collagenous tissue surrounding neoplastic astrocytes. In some cases the collagen is produced by the tumor cells (desmoplastic astrocytoma), whereas in others it is produced by mesenchymal cells (mixed glioma/fibroma).


pineal gland astrocytoma

description: A astrocytoma that involves the pineal body.


glomeruloid hemangioma

description: A hemangioma associated with Castleman disease and POEMS syndrome. The lesions affect the trunk and extremities and present as erythematous papules. (WHO 2018)


brain stem astrocytic neoplasm

description: An astrocytoma that arises from the brain stem.


spinal cord astrocytoma

description: A low or high grade astrocytoma that arises in the spinal cord.


salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: An adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the salivary gland. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial and myoepithelial cells forming tubular, cribriform, and solid patterns. It usually presents as a slow growing mass. Patients may experience pain because of the tumor propensity for perineural invasion. The tumor may follow an aggressive clinical course with recurrences and mestastases to distant sites including lungs, bones, brain, and liver.


prostate adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: An adenoid cystic carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland.


cutaneous adenocystic carcinoma

description: A adenoid cystic carcinoma that involves the skin of body.


lung adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: A rare usually indolent lung carcinoma characterized by a cribiform and tubular pattern and the presence of glandular epithelial cells. Clinical symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, wheeze, hemopytsis and chest pain.


anterior horn disorder

description: Anterior horn disease is one of a number of medical disorders affecting the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Anterior horn diseases include spinal muscular atrophy, poliomyelitis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.


trachea carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the trachea.


adenoid cystic breast carcinoma

description: An adenoid cystic carcinoma primarily involving the breast. Three morphologic patterns are seen: cribriform, trabecular, and solid. The prognosis is excellent.


esophageal adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: An infrequent esophageal carcinoma arising from esophageal glands. (WHO)


name: Bartholin gland adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of islands of uniform malignant cells forming cribriform patterns.


middle ear adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the middle ear


middle ear carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the middle ear


rete ovarii adenocarcinoma

description: An exceptionally rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the rete ovarii.


rete ovarii neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the rete ovarii which is located in the ovarian hilus. It includes adenoma, cystadenoma, cystadenofibroma, and adenocarcinoma.


bile duct adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the bile duct


hemangioma of lung

description: A hemangioma that involves the lung.


peritoneal serous adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the lining of the peritoneum. It affects females. The clinical behavior and pathologic characteristics are similar to the serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary.


appendix carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the vermiform appendix


granular cell carcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with granular cytoplasm.


small intestine adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the small intestine. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma.


anal carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the anus


urethra adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the urethra


pituitary gland basophilic carcinoma

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with basic dyes.


villous adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a villous architectural pattern. It may arise from a villous adenoma.


renal pelvis adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the renal pelvis


acquired hemangioma

description: A hemangioma that is not present at birth but develops later in life.


breast secretory carcinoma

description: A rare, low grade invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of cells that secrete milk-like material. Morphologically, it usually appears as a circumscribed lesion, composed of cystic spaces, tubular structures, and solid areas.


thymus gland adenocarcinoma

description: A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of carcinoma cells with glandular differentiation.


intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium in any site of the intrahepatic biliary tree. Grossly, the malignant lesions are solid, nodular, and grayish. Morphologically, the vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas. Signs and symptoms include malaise, weight loss, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and night sweats. Early detection is difficult and the prognosis is generally poor.


nasal cavity adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the nasal cavity


nasal cavity carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the nasal cavity


apocrine adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma with apocrine differentiation arising from the sweat glands. It presents as single or multiple nodular lesions which may be ulcerated or hemorrhagic and is usually in the axilla and less often in the anogenital region. It grows in the dermis and infiltrates subcutaneous tissues. It is characterized by the presence of large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and large often vesicular nuclei. Most cases are slow growing tumors and have a prolonged course.


apocrine sweat gland cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the apocrine sweat gland.


ureter adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the ureter


adenocarcinoma in situ

description: A lesion in which the normally situated glands are partially or completely replaced by atypical cells with malignant characteristics.


description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the esophagogastric junction.


gallbladder carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the gall bladder


name: central nervous system melanocytic neoplasm

description: A primary tumor of the central nervous system that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes. It may present as a diffuse proliferative leptomeningeal process (often as a component of the neurocutaneous melanosis complex) or as a distinct mass lesion.


meninges hemangiopericytoma

description: A solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma that arises from the meninges.


bone marrow disorder

description: Any disease of the bone marrow.


prosopagnosia

description: Impaired ability to recognize other human faces in the absence of a vision disorder. It may be a congenital disorder or the result of brain injury.


acute nonparalytic poliomyelitis

description: A poliomyelitis that does not exhibit paralysis.


alcoholic pancreatitis

description: Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas due to excessive alcohol drinking. Alcoholic pancreatitis usually presents as an acute episode but it is a chronic progressive disease in alcoholics.


essential tremor

description: A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10)


optic nerve astrocytoma

description: A astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma) that involves the cranial nerve II.


optic nerve glioma

description: A glioma that affects the optic nerve. This condition can be seen in association with neurofibromatosis 1. It is most commonly seen in the pediatric age group.


atypical polypoid adenomyoma

description: An adenomyoma characterized by the presence of marked glandular architectural complexity.


adenomyoma of uterine corpus

description: A usually polypoid, benign neoplasm that arises from the uterine corpus. It is characterized by the presence of benign epithelial glands embedded in benign fibromyomatous tissue.


cervical adenomyoma

description: A rare, benign, usually polypoid neoplasm that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of a glandular component and a smooth muscle cell component. Variants include the endocervical type, endometrial type, and atypical polypoid adenomyoma.


thyroid gland disorder

description: A disease involving the thyroid gland.


central nervous system hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the brain and spinal cord.


hepatocellular clear cell carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells.


name: central nervous system mesenchymal non-meningothelial tumor

description: A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm originating in the central nervous system or the meninges and showing fibrous, fibrohistiocytic, adipose, myoid, endothelial, chondroid or osseous, but not meningothelial differentiation. Depending on the histological features and clinical behavior of these neoplasms, their grade ranges from benign (WHO grade I) to highly malignant (WHO grade IV). (Adapted from WHO)


description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following exposure to aflatoxin.


sclerosing hepatic carcinoma

description: An uncommon type of hepatocelluar carcinoma, morphologically characterized by significant fibrosis around the sinusoid-like spaces and atrophy of the tumor trabeculae.


adult pineal parenchymal tumor

description: A pineal parenchymal cell neoplasm (pineocytoma or pineoblastoma) occurring in adults.


pineal gland cancer

description: Abnormal malignant growth of the cells that comprise the pineal parenchyma.


benign granular cell tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that is confined to the site of origin, without metastatic potential.


esophageal granular cell tumor

description: A tumor that usually presents with small nodules or small sessile polyps, predominantly in the distal esophagus. Histologically, it is composed of sheets of oval to polygonal cells with a small central nucleus and abundant granular cytoplasm. This is usually a benign tumor. (WHO, 2000) -- 2003


granular cell cancer

description: An uncommon granular cell tumor which may metastasize to other anatomic sites. Morphologic characteristics include the presence of spindling neoplastic cells, necrosis, extensive pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli, and increased mitiotic activity.


vulvar granular cell tumor

description: A usually benign granular cell tumor that arises from the vulva.


cardiac granular cell neoplasm

description: A very rare granular cell tumor that arises from the heart.


mediastinal granular cell myoblastoma

description: An exceptionally rare, generally benign, granular cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum. All the reported cases were located in the posterior mediastinum.


neurohypophysis granular cell tumor

description: A generally benign intrasellar and/or suprasellar mass arising from the neurohypophysis or infundibulum. It is composed of nests of large cells with granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm due to abundant intracytoplasmic lysosomes. It generally has a slow progression and lacks invasive growth. (Adapted from WHO)


posterior pituitary gland neoplasm

description: A low-grade neoplasm that arises from the neurohypophysis. It includes the granular cell tumor of the neurohypophysis and pituicytoma.


hobnail hemangioma

description: A hemangioma characterized by the presence of hobnail endothelial cells.


adult cerebellar neoplasm

description: A cerebellar neoplasm that occurs in an adult.


papillary meningioma of the cerebellum

description: A papillary meningioma that affects the cerebellum.


rhabdoid meningioma

description: A WHO grade III meningioma characterized by the predominant presence of rhabdoid cells forming sheets.


childhood cerebellar neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that affects the cerebellum and occurs during childhood.


basosquamous carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma which displays squamous differentiation. The neoplastic cells have more abundant cytoplasm with more marked keratinization than typical basal cell carcinomas. It usually has a more aggressive clinical course compared to typical basal cell carcinoma, and it may produce regional or widespread metastases.


adjustment disorder

description: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop within 3 months of a stressor and do not persist for more than an additional 6 months after the stressor is no longer present.


ependymal tumor

description: A group of neoplasms which arise from the ependymal lining of the cerebral ventricles and from the remnants of the central canal of the spinal cord. Ependymal tumors occur predominantly in children and young adults with varied morphological features and biological behavior. There are 4 types: ependymoma, anaplastic ependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma and subependymoma. (WHO)


mixed glioma

description: A tumor composed of two or more glial cell types (astrocytes, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes).


sternum cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the sternum


thoracic cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the tissues of the thorax.


middle ear cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the middle ear


middle ear disorder

description: A disease involving the middle ear.


malignant ear neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the ear. Representative examples include ceruminous adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear and adenocarcinoma of the middle ear.


inner ear cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the internal ear.


testicular infarct

description: Ischemic necrosis of the testis usually caused by torsion of the spermatic cord, trauma, or severe epididymo-orchitis.


swayback

description: Congenital locomotor ataxia of lambs, thought to be associated with copper deficiency. It is characterized clinically by progressive incoordination of the hind limbs and pathologically by disruption of neuron and myelin development in the central nervous system. It is caused by a deficiency of metabolizable copper in the ewe during the last half of her pregnancy. (Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)


ovarian cystic teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of cystic structures. Representative example is the dermoid cyst.


ovarian cyst

description: A cyst that arises from the ovary. Representative examples include simple, complex, corpus luteum, and endometrioid cysts. Symptoms include pelvic and abdominal pain and irregular periods.


epididymal neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the epididymis. Representative examples include epididymal adenomatoid tumor and epididymal adenocarcinoma.


mediastinum leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the mediastium. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


fallopian tube leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


extrahepatic bile duct leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from an extrahepatic bile duct. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


central nervous system leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the central nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of intersecting fascicles composed of spindle cells that often lack mitotic activity.


bizarre leiomyoma

description: A morphologic variant of leiomyoma characterized by the presence of pleomorphic muscle cells with bizarre hyperchromatic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm.


deep leiomyoma

description: A rare benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from deep tissue. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


leiomyoma cutis

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the arrector pili muscle, tunica media of blood vessels, and dartos muscle of the genitalia. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


anus leiomyoma

description: A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the anus. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


lung leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


pericardium leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the pericardium. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


leiomyomatosis

description: A condition characterized by the presence of numerous small benign smooth muscle neoplasms located throughout the body.


cellular leiomyoma

description: A morphologic variant of classic leiomyoma characterized by a dense cellular infiltrate composed of spindle or round cells with scant cytoplasm and a less obvious interlacing fascicle pattern.


gallbladder leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


vulvar leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


colorectal leiomyoma

description: A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the colorectal area. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


appendix leiomyoma

description: A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the appendix. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


dartoic leiomyoma

description: A cutaneous leiomyoma arising from the dartos muscle of the scrotum or labia majora.


epithelioid neurofibroma

description: A rare neurofibroma with epithelioid morphology.


neurofibroma of gallbladder

description: A non-metastasizing encapsulated neoplasm arising from nerves in the gallbladder. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of fibroblasts and Schwann cells.


plexiform neurofibroma

description: An elongated and multinodular neurofibroma, formed when the tumor involves either multiple trunks of a plexus or multiple fascicles of a large nerve, such as the sciatic. Some plexiform neurofibromas resemble a bag of worms, others produce a massive ropy enlargement of the nerve. (Adapted from WHO.)


cellular neurofibroma

description: A neurofibroma characterized by the presence of areas with increased cellularity.


atypical neurofibroma

description: A neurofibroma characterized by the presence of cellular pleomorphism.


multiple mucosal neuroma

description: Multiple painful, dome-shaped, translucent pink to skin-colored papules on oral mucosa. Histologically, the lesions may demonstrate dermal proliferation of well-demarcated nerve bundles associated with abundant mucin and surrounded by a distinct perineural sheath.


pleural mesothelioma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the mesothelial cells of the pleura. The primary cause is exposure to asbestos. The major histologic variants are the epithelioid malignant mesothelioma, desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma, and sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma. Patients present with persistent cough and shortness of breath.


Monckeberg arteriosclerosis

description: A type of arteriosclerosis in which calcification of the tunica media is the predominant feature.


endometrial stromal tumor

description: Neoplasms of the endometrial stroma that sometimes involve the myometrium. These tumors contain cells that may closely or remotely resemble the normal stromal cells. Endometrial stromal neoplasms are divided into three categories: (1) benign stromal nodules; (2) low-grade stromal sarcoma, or endolymphatic stromal myosis; and (3) malignant endometrial stromal sarcoma (sarcoma, endometrial stromal).


name: ovarian endometrioid stromal and related neoplasms

description: A category of rare neoplasms that arise from the ovary. It includes low grade endometrioid stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma.


name: endometrioid stromal sarcoma of the vagina

description: A rare sarcoma that arises from the vagina. This category includes low grade endometrioid stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated vaginal sarcoma.


name: endometrioid stromal and related neoplasms of the vagina

description: A category of rare neoplasms that arise from the vagina. It includes low grade endometrioid stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma.


endometrium carcinoma in situ

description: A carcinoma in situ involving a endometrium.


nonanaplastic kidney Wilms tumor

description: Wilms tumor of the kidney characterized by the absence of nuclear anaplasia.


metachronous kidney Wilms' tumor

description: Wilms tumor arising in the remaining kidney following treatment of the original Wilms tumor.


mixed cell type kidney Wilms' tumor

description: Wilms tumor of the kidney characterized by the presence of blastema, epithelial, and mesenchymal components (triphasic pattern) or a combination of two of them (biphasic pattern).


scrotum neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the scrotum.


blastema predominant kidney Wilms tumor

description: Wilms tumor of the kidney characterized by the predominance of the blastema component.


hereditary Wilms tumor

description: Familial embryonal neoplasm derived from nephrogenic blastemal cells. Several lines of differentiation, including blastemal, stromal and epithelial, are usually expressed. Comprises approximately 1% of Wilms tumors. (AFIP fascicle version 2.0)


epithelial predominant Wilms' tumor

description: Wilms tumor of the kidney characterized by the predominance of the epithelial component. The epithelial cells may form papillary and tubular patterns and pseudorosettes.


nodular ganglioneuroblastoma

description: A ganglioneuroblastoma characterized by the presence of neuroblastic cells in a Schwannian stroma, and the formation of hemorrhagic neuroblastic nodules.


name: intermixed schwannian stroma-rich ganglioneuroblastoma

description: A ganglioneuroblastoma characterized by the presence of neuroblastic cells in a Schwannian stroma, without the presence of hemorrhagic neuroblastic nodules.


peripheral ganglioneuroblastoma

description: A ganglioneuroblastoma arising from the peripheral nervous system.


fallopian tube adenomatoid tumor

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the fallopian tube and originates from mesothelial cells. It is characterized by the presence of gland-like structures that are lined by flat or cuboidal cells. It is usually discovered as an incidental finding.


ureteral obstruction

description: Blockage in any part of the ureter causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as hydronephrosis and obstructive nephropathy.


urinary tract obstruction

description: Blockage of the normal flow of contents of the urinary tract.


ovarian monodermal teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of tissues derived exclusively from one embryonic germ cell layer.


malignant struma ovarii

description: An ovarian mature teratoma characterized by the presence of aberrant thyroid tissue with morphologic changes identical to thyroid carcinoma. Patients may present with abdominal mass and unusual symptoms due to thyrotoxicosis, or with Meigs syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion).


benign struma ovarii

description: A mature monodermal teratoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of benign, thyroid-type tissues.


demyelinating polyneuropathy

description: Polyneuropathy that is characterized by demyelination of axons.


chronic polyneuropathy

description: Polyneuropathy that is persistent or long-standing in nature.


acute necrotizing encephalitis

description: A fulminant and often fatal demyelinating disease of the brain which primarily affects young adults and children. Clinical features include the rapid onset of weakness, seizures, and coma. It may follow a viral illness or mycoplasma pneumoniae infections but in most instances there is no precipitating event. Pathologic examination reveals marked perivascular demyelination and necrosis of white matter with microhemorrhages. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp924-5)


acute hemorrhagic encephalitis

description: Acute encephalitis that is characterized by bleeding.


malignant glomus tumor

description: A very rare morphologic variant of glomus tumor with a size greater than 2 cm. The tumor arises in subfascial or visceral tissues. It is characterized by the presence of atypical mitotic figures, or marked nuclear atypia, or the combination of both. It has an aggressive clinical course.


subungual glomus tumor

description: A glomus tumor arising in the finger and usually associated with pain.


benign perivascular tumor

description: A benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the perivascular cells of the connective and soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of pericytes that grow in a circumferential pattern around vessels.


retinal hemangioblastoma

description: A hemangioblastoma that arises from the retina. It is typically a sign of von Hippel-Lindau disease. It may also be seen as an isolated entity without systemic involvement.


hilar cholangiocarcinoma

description: A cholangiocarcinoma that arises from the junction, or adjacent to the junction, of the right and left hepatic ducts.


central nervous system vasculitis

description: Vasculitis affecting the blood vessels of the brain and/or spinal cord.


inflammatory leiomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of leiomyosarcoma characterized by the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate admixed with malignant spindle cells.


conventional leiomyosarcoma

description: An uncommon, aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm. It is characterized by the presence of atypical large spindle or round cells, nuclear palisading, tumor cell necrosis, mitotic figures and may be associated with vascular invasion.


central nervous system leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the central nervous system. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


granular cell leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm. It is characterized by the presence of malignant smooth muscle cells with granular cytoplasmic changes.


colon leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm that arises from the colon. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


colon sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the colon. Representative examples include angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


heart leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the heart. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


heart sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the heart. The majority of cases are angiosarcomas.


ovary leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the ovary. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


epithelioid leiomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of leiomyosarcoma characterized by the presence of epithelioid round cells with eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm.


lung leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the lung. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


anus leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the anus. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


myxoid leiomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of leiomyosarcoma characterized by the presence of cellular pleomorphism, malignant cells with large nuclei, and a myxoid stroma.


small intestine leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the small intestine. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


small intestinal sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the small intestine. Representative examples include leiomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, and Kaposi sarcoma.


cutaneous leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the skin. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


malignant dermis tumor

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the dermis.


gallbladder leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the gallbladder. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


esophagus leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the esophagus. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


hydrarthrosis

description: Accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)


gastric leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the stomach. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


prostate leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the prostate. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


vagina leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the vagina. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the retroperitoneum. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


breast leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the breast. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


vulvar leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the vulva. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


kidney leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the kidney. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


laryngeal leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the larynx. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


mediastinum leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the mediastinum. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


extrahepatic bile duct leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from an extrahepatic bile duct. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


liver leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the liver. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


rectum leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm that arises from the rectum. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


pituitary gland disorder

description: A disease involving the pituitary gland.


eyelid disorder

description: A disease involving the eyelid.


name: fallopian tube clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A rare adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube composed of malignant glandular epithelium containing clear cells.


name: uterine ligament clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A clear cell adenocarcinoma of the uterine ligament composed mainly of clear or hobnob cells. The clear cells are large, bizarre, and multinucleated.


bladder clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of bladder adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells and clear cells distributed in a tubulo-cystic, papillary, or diffuse pattern. There is a female predilection. Clinical presentation includes hematuria and dysuria.


urethra clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of urethral adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of tubulocystic or papillary structures lined with clear cuboidal or hobnail cells.


name: ampulla of vater clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma with glandular differentiation arising from the ampulla of Vater. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of glycogen-rich cells with hyperchromatic nuclei.