name: cell wall macromolecule metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


name: cell wall macromolecule biosynthetic process

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.


glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


name: translocation of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm

description: The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.


regulation of system process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.


regulation of digestive system process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


regulation of endocrine process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.


regulation of excretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


name: regulation of respiratory system process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell nucleus

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cell nucleus.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cell-cell junction

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or temporarily subverts the host intercellular junction. Intercellular junction include tight junctions and adherens junctions.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cellular process

description: A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances the execution of a cellular process in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: modulation by symbiont of host anion transport

description: The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.


name: regulation of monoatomic anion transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cell cycle progression

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with the normal progression through the host cell cycle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host vacuole organization

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts vacuole organization in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host receptor-mediated endocytosis

description: A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances host receptor-mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host neurotransmitter secretion

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host small GTPase-mediated signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a small GTPase-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host Rho signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont alters a Rho protein family-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell membrane pore complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any small opening in a host cell membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids, composed of host proteins.


cellular component biogenesis

description: A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.


name: regulation of cellular component biogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.


regulation of vacuole organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


name: positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.


name: positive regulation of vacuole organization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


membrane biogenesis

description: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane.


name: negative regulation of molecular function

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


name: positive regulation of molecular function

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


host cell nuclear part

description: Any constituent part of a host cell's nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell nucleoplasm

description: That part of a host cell's nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


type IV pilus

description: A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by post-translational N-methylation of the pilin monomers.


name: secretion by the type IV secretion system

description: The controlled release of proteins or DNA by a cell, via the type IV secretion system.


name: DNA secretion by the type IV secretion system

description: The controlled release of DNA by a cell, via the type IV secretion system.


polar tube

description: A highly specialized structure unique to microsporidia that is required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell.


sporoplasm

description: The complex infective apparatus corresponding to the central mass of cytoplasm within a spore that is injected into a host cell by various parasitic microorganisms.


(3R)-citramalyl-CoA lyase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA.


purine deoxyribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.


name: L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NADP+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+.


name: 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NAD+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+.


L-xylulose reductase (NADH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + NADH + H+.


name: formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

description: The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.


development of symbiont in host

description: The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: regulation of development of symbiont in host

description: Any process in which the symbiont regulates its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.


name: positive regulation of development of symbiont in host

description: Any process in which the symbiont activates or maintains its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.


name: negative regulation of development of symbiont in host

description: Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.


name: modulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


name: negative regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


name: positive regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


host caveola

description: A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the host cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a host cell and extends inward, indenting the host cytoplasm and the host cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the host cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell junction

description: A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two host cells or between a host cell and the host extracellular matrix. At a host cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the host plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.


host cell projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from a host cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


host cell wall

description: The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the host cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.


host thylakoid

description: A membranous cellular structure within the host cell that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the host plasma membrane. In eukaryotic host cells they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.


host thylakoid membrane

description: The pigmented membrane of any host thylakoid.


host cell cytoplasmic vesicle

description: A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a host cell.


host cell cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell cytoplasmic vesicle.


host cytoskeleton

description: A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.


host cell cytosol

description: The part of the host cell cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum

description: The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).


host cell endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.


name: host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.


host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum

description: The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host rough ER has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


name: host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum.


host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum

description: The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host smooth ER has no ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


name: host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


name: host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment

description: A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the host Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.


name: host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.


host cell endosome

description: A membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to host cell lysosomes for degradation.


host cell endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endosome.


host cell filopodium

description: Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile host cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward.


host cell Golgi apparatus

description: A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic host cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.


host cell Golgi membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell Golgi apparatus.


hemolysis in another organism

description: The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.


name: filamentous growth of a unicellular organism

description: The process in which a unicellular organism grows in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


name: filamentous growth of a multicellular organism

description: The process in which a multicellular organism grows in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


name: filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

description: The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


protein folding chaperone

description: Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process.


host cell late endosome

description: A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from host early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Host late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.


host cell late endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell late endosome.


host cell lipid droplet

description: Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a host cell. May include associated proteins.


host cell lysosome

description: A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most host animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and host cell lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


host cell lysosomal membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.


host cell mitochondrial envelope

description: The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host cell mitochondrion and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


host cell mitochondrial membrane

description: Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host cell mitochondrion and form the host cell mitochondrial envelope.


host cell mitochondrial inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.


host cell mitochondrial outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.


cytolytic granule

description: A specialized secretory lysosome that is present in cells with cytolytic capability such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic granules mediate the storage and regulated excretion of lytic molecules for killing of target cells.


nucleoplasmic reticulum

description: Long, dynamic tubular channels, formed by invagination of the nuclear envelope, that extend deep into the nucleoplasm. The channels have an underlying lamina and are implicated in functioning in signaling and transport.


host cell nucleolus

description: A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic host cells.


Rel homology domain binding

description: Binding to a Rel Homology Domain (RHD) of a protein. The RHD is found in a family of eukaryotic transcription factors, which includes NF-kappaB, Dorsal, Relish and NFAT.


zf-TRAF domain binding

description: Binding to a TRAF-type zinc finger domain of a protein.


host cell nuclear envelope

description: The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the host cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).


host cell nuclear membrane

description: Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.


host cell nuclear inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope.


host cell nuclear outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


host cell nuclear lamina

description: The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a host cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments.


host cell nuclear matrix

description: The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the host nuclear membrane.


'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD+ or oxygen.


UMP salvage

description: Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis.


translation initiation ternary complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).


AMP salvage

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis.


'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components.


CTP salvage

description: Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


other organism part

description: Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.


other organism cell membrane

description: The cell membrane of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.


host cell plasmodesma

description: A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one host cell to that of an adjacent host cell.


name: host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm

description: The host cell cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the host nucleus.


host cell synapse

description: The junction between a nerve fiber of one host neuron and another host neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication.


anammoxosome

description: An intracytoplasmic membrane-bounded compartment in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, is the site of anammox catabolism.


pirellulosome

description: A cytoplasmic structure found in bacterial phyla Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia containing a condensed nucleoid and ribosomes and surrounded by an intracytoplasmic membrane. It is surrounded by ribosome-free cytoplasm, in a compartment called the paryphoplasm.


juxtaparanode region of axon

description: A region of an axon near a node of Ranvier that is between the paranode and internode regions.


apical pole of neuron

description: Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the apical dendrite emerges.


basal pole of neuron

description: Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the basilar dendrite emerges.


methane-oxidizing organelle

description: A cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded compartment found within Methanotrophic bacteria that contains enzymes and electron transfer proteins for methane catabolism. This structure is analogous to the thylakoid of Cyanobacteria and the anammoxosome of anaerobic ammonium oxidation organisms.


host cell surface

description: The external part of the host cell wall and/or host plasma membrane.


host cell periplasmic space

description: The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer host membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner host membrane and host cell wall (Fungi).


host cell envelope

description: An envelope that surrounds a bacterial host cell and includes the host cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the host periplasmic space, host cell wall, and host outer membrane if present.


host cell presynaptic membrane

description: A specialized area of membrane of the host axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the host neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many host synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.


organelle membrane contact site

description: A zone of apposition between the membranes of an organelle with another membrane, either another membrane of the same organelle, a membrane of another organelle, or the plasma membrane. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are structured by bridging complexes. They are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.


name: mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact site

description: A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.


cellular metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


primary metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.


lipid digestion

description: The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


cellular lipid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


polysaccharide digestion

description: The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


cellular catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


cellular biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


name: negative regulation of metabolic activity involved in hibernation

description: The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.


cellular lipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


protein digestion

description: The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


intestinal lipid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.


glycerol ether catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


sulfur compound biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


sulfur compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


cell wall disassembly

description: A process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall.


name: disruption of cell wall in another organism

description: The disruption of the cell wall of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the cell wall.


subplasmalemmal coating

description: Electron dense material observed coating the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in certain regions of a neuron, e.g., the axon initial segment; the nodal membrane at the Node of Ranvier.


small molecule metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


small molecule catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


small molecule biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


mitochondrial crista junction

description: A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.


peg and socket contact

description: A cell-cell contact zone that consists of membrane invaginations extending from either cell, which contain tight-, gap-, and adherens junctions. Peg and socket contacts form between endothelial cells and pericytes, and between lens fiber cells.


puncta adhaerentia

description: A small version of the zonula adherens type junction, characterized by a symmetrical adherent point between two cells.


name: mitochondrial inner-outer membrane contact site

description: Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.


mitochondrial intracristal space

description: The space bounded by the mitochondrial cristae membranes, continuous with the intermembrane space.


cell-cell contact zone

description: Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.


dendrite terminus

description: A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.


dendriole

description: Small dendrites that makes up a brush structure found as the terminal specialization of a dendrite of a unipolar brush cell (UBC).


dendritic growth cone

description: The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell dendrite.


axonal growth cone

description: The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.


dendritic tuft

description: The terminal specialization found in some types of dendrites which consists of numerous small terminal branches, giving the dendrite a tufted appearance.


cell body

description: The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.


cell body membrane

description: The plasma membrane of a cell that bears surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella, excluding the plasma membrane on cell projections.


C-fiber

description: The axon of a dorsal root ganglion cell that are responsive to pain and temperature. C-fibers are small in diameter (0.2-1.5 um) and unmyelinated.


cerebellar mossy fiber

description: An axon arising from cerebellar projecting cells in the cochlea, vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, reticular formation, cerebellar nuclei and basilar pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers enter through all three cerebellar peduncles and send collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei, then branch in the white matter and terminate in the granule cell layer. Through this branching, a given mossy fiber can innervate several folia. Mossy fibers synapse on granule cells. The synaptic contacts are made at enlargements along the length of the mossy fiber called mossy fiber rosettes. The enlargements of the rosettes give the axons a mossy-looking appearance in Golgi stained preparations.


climbing fiber

description: The axon of inferior olive neuron that projects to the cerebellar cortex, largely via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They range in diameter from 1-3 um and are myelinated until they enter the granule cell layer. They give off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei. They synapse extensively with the dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer, where each fiber branches repeatedly to climb along the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Each Purkinje cell is innervated by only a single climbing fiber.


dentate gyrus mossy fiber

description: Hippocampal mossy fiber produced by dentate gyrus granule cells.


axon collateral

description: Any of the smaller branches of an axon that emanate from the main axon cylinder.


main axon

description: The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.


calyx of Held

description: The terminal specialization of a calyciferous axon which forms large synapses in the mammalian auditory central nervous system.


neuron projection terminus

description: The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.


dendritic branch

description: A dendrite arising from another dendrite.


axonal spine

description: A spine that originates from the axon, usually from the initial segment.


neuron spine

description: A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.


osmiophilic body

description: A membrane-bounded vesicle found predominantly in Plasmodium female gametocytes, that becomes progressively more abundant as the gametocyte reaches full maturity. These vesicles lie beneath the subpellicular membrane of the gametocyte, and the release of their contents into the parasitophorous vacuole has been postulated to aid in the escape of gametocytes from the erythrocyte after ingestion by the mosquito.


exoneme

description: A dense granule-like organelle of the apical complex of merozoites, released into the parasitophorous vacuole, mediating protease-dependent rupture and parasite exit from the infected erythrocyte.


crystalloid

description: A transient, cytoplasmic organelle found in Plasmodium species that resembles a cytoplasmic inclusion body and whose function is poorly understood. Crystalloids form in ookinetes and disappear after ookinete-to-oocyst transformation.


protein K6-linked deubiquitination

description: A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


protein K27-linked ubiquitination

description: A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.


name: protein secretion by the type VII secretion system

description: The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type VII protein secretion system.


cone cell pedicle

description: A specialized axon terminus which is produced by retinal cone cells. Pedicles are large, conical, flat end-feet (8-10 micrometers diameter) of the retinal cone axon that lie more or less side by side on the same plane at the outer edge of the outer plexiform layer (OPL).


rod spherule

description: A specialized neuron projection which is the site of synaptic transmission produced by retinal rod cells. Rod spherules are small round enlargements of the axon (3-5 micrometers diameter) or even extensions of the cell body.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + fumarate = alpha-iminosuccinate + succinate.


wound healing, spreading of cells

description: The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.


cellular response to leptin stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.


response to leptin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].


name: endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment

description: A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.


name: retinoic acid-responsive element binding

description: Binding to a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind.


transmembrane transporter binding

description: Binding to a transmembrane transporter, a protein or protein complex that enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


dendritic spine neck

description: Part of the dendritic spine that connects the dendritic shaft to the head of the dendritic spine.


dendritic spine head

description: Distal part of the dendritic spine, that carries the post-synaptic density.


cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

description: The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains.


name: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.


name: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.


name: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


sodium-dependent phosphate transport

description: The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, by a mechanism dependent upon sodium ions.


type B pancreatic cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


name: cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.


name: stromal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development

description: The process of transferring information from a stromal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted, as part of prostate gland development.


fibroblast apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


name: cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides.


name: plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, which forms part of the cell wall.


DNA excision

description: The removal of a section of DNA from a larger DNA molecule by the making of dual incisions that flank the section to be excised.


micropinocytosis

description: An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by invagination of the plasma membrane to form uncoated micropinosomes, differentiated from macropinosomes by their smaller size, on average 95 nm.


macropinocytosis

description: An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.


pinosome

description: A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of pinocytosis.


micropinosome

description: A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of micropinocytosis.


macropinosome

description: A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of macropinocytosis.


clearance of foreign intracellular DNA

description: A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA.


regulation of rRNA stability

description: Any process that modulates the propensity of rRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize rRNAs.


name: envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


name: modulation of molecular function in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism.


name: modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


name: negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


name: negative regulation of molecular function in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


name: modulation of potassium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a potassium channel in another organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


cytokinin binding

description: Binding to a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

description: The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


regulation of peroxisome size

description: Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


name: RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

description: Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


name: non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

description: The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-independent manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


name: protein localization to actin cortical patch

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, an actin cortical patch.


protein localization to cytoskeleton

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the cytoskeleton.


name: glucose import in response to insulin stimulus

description: The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell as a result of an insulin stimulus.


name: CLRC complex localization to heterochromatin

description: The process by which a CLRC complex is transported to, or maintained in, heterochromatin. CLRC complex is an active cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi and histone H3K9 methylation.


host chromosome

description: A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information, occurring within a host cell.


host outer membrane

description: The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites, occurring in a host cell.


name: negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation

description: The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.


small protein activating enzyme binding

description: Binding to a small protein activating enzyme, such as ubiquitin-activating enzyme.


ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding

description: Binding to a ubiquitin-like protein ligase, such as ubiquitin-ligase.


name: ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme binding

description: Binding to a ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme such as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.


ribosomal subunit

description: Either of the two subunits of a ribosome: the ribosomal large subunit or the ribosomal small subunit.


peptidyl-lysine malonylation

description: The addition of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) to peptidyl-lysine to form N6-malonyl-L-lysine.


microspike

description: A dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.


protein malonylation

description: The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of a malonyl (CO-CH2-CO) group.


protein targeting to vacuolar membrane

description: The process of directing proteins towards the vacuolar membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.


actin cortical patch organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis.


name: envenomation resulting in induction of edema in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the swelling of soft tissues of the bitten organism as a result of excess water accumulation.


multi-species biofilm formation

description: A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


name: biological process involved in symbiotic interaction

description: A process carried out by gene products in an organism that enable the organism to engage in a symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts.


adhesion of symbiont to host

description: The attachment of a symbiont to its host via either adhesion molecules, general stickiness, or other mechanisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

description: A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


symbiont entry into host

description: Entry of a symbiont into the body, tissues, or cells of a host organism as part of the symbiont life cycle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host defenses

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of host defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a host pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


translocation of molecules into host

description: The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


translocation of DNA into host

description: The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms

description: Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species.


virion component

description: Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.


motile cilium assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.


name: modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

description: A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal, in a different organism.


name: glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production

description: The regulated release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from a cell. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons, notably dopaminergic and motor neurons.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in pore formation in membrane of another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in blood vessel extracellular matrix damage, causing hemorrhagic damage in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism which causes damage to the extracellular matrix of the blood vessels of the bitten organism, ultimately resulting in hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in fibrinolysis in another organism

description: The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinolysis, a process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


name: envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in another organism

description: The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


name: modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the transmission of a nerve impulse in another organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism.


name: modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


name: negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


name: positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


name: positive regulation of molecular function in another organism

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation or increase in the activity of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


name: modulation of blood pressure in another organism

description: A process by which one organism modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


name: negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism

description: A process by which one organism decreases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


name: positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

description: A process by which one organism increases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of blood pressure in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


name: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


name: perturbation of signal transduction in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.


name: modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


name: modulation of receptor activity in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


name: positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


name: modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


name: positive regulation of receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


name: glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activity

description: Combining with glucagon-like peptide 1 and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


name: positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

description: A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


name: modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


name: positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in muscle damage in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in myocyte killing in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, killing heart myocytes and ultimately resulting in muscle damage in the bitten organism.


name: envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.


protein sulfhydration

description: The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of sulfur.


peptidyl-cystine sulfhydration

description: The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the addition of sulfur, to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.


name: formation of peptidyl-cystine persulfide by sulphur transfer from free cysteine

description: The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the transfer of a sulfur atom from a free cysteine (in the process converting the free cysteine to alanine) to the peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.


name: formation of peptidyl-cystine persulfide by sulphur transfer from H2S

description: The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the direct addition of H2S, followed by the removal of 2 protons to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.


name: regulation of mitochondrial mRNA stability

description: Any process that modulates the propensity of mitochondrial mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mitochondrial mRNAs.


name: regulation of mitochondrial rRNA stability

description: Any process that modulates the propensity of mitochondrial rRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mitochondrial rRNAs.


supraspliceosomal complex

description: Multicomponent complex of RNA and proteins that is composed of four active spliceosomes, termed native spliceosomes, connected to each other by the pre-mRNA. The supraspliceosome is the nuclear machine where the pre-mRNA processing takes place, like the 5'-end capping, 3'-end cleavage, splicing and editing.


name: modulation of apoptotic process in another organism

description: A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in a second organism.


name: positive regulation of apoptotic process in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism.


name: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (C22 - C24) + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


name: envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in another organism

description: The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


name: regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

description: Any process that modulates the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


host cell periphery

description: The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures of a host cell.


long-chain fatty acid import into cell

description: The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystine + H2O = pyruvate + NH3 + thiocysteine. Thiocysteine is also known as cysteine persulfide.


zymogen activation in another organism

description: The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form in another organism.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host plasminogen

description: A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances the normal activation of plasminogen, the pathway resulting in the processing of inactive plasminogen to active plasmin in the host organism. This can facilitate the dissemination of the symbiont into host tissues. It can also be used to destroy complement, opsonins as well as antibacterial proteins like histones.


name: envenomation resulting in plasminogen activation in another organism

description: The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of plasminogen into plasmin in the bitten organism. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.


NSL complex

description: A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residues at several positions. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, NSL1/KIAA1267, NSL2/KANSL2, NSL3/KANSL3, MCRS1, PHF20, OGT1, WDR5 and HCF1.


NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell.


DNA topoisomerase binding

description: Binding to a DNA topoisomerase.


S100 protein binding

description: Binding to a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.


GTP cyclohydrolase binding

description: Binding to a GTP cyclohydrolase.


name: secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


name: envenomation resulting in vasodilation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in the bitten/stung organism.


vasodilation in another organism

description: A process by which an organism causes vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in another organism.


name: modulation of biological quality in another organism

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality in another organism. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.


name: modulation of heart rate in another organism

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction of another organism.


name: negative regulation of heart rate in another organism

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency of heart contraction of another organism.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of heart rate in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of the heart rate of the bitten/stung organism.


relaxation of smooth muscle

description: A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


uterine smooth muscle relaxation

description: A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the uterus.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism.


name: modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an ion channel in another organism.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


name: envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


name: envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism.


dendritic cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a dendritic cell population by cell division. A dendritic cell is a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


chondrocyte activation

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a chondrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


name: primary cell wall cellulose synthase complex

description: A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant primary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA1 and -3, and a CESA6-related protein.


name: secondary cell wall cellulose synthase complex

description: A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant secondary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA8, CESA7, and CESA4.


[Ni-Fe] hydrogenase complex

description: A microbial enzyme complex which contains nickel and iron in its active site. In Acetomicrobium flavidum it is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer.


starch utilization system complex

description: A bacterial cell envelope-associated multiprotein system, which binds and degrades starch.


[2Fe-2S] cluster assembly

description: The incorporation of two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.


[4Fe-4S] cluster assembly

description: The incorporation of four iron atoms and four sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.


nitrogenase P cluster assembly

description: The biochemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a P-cluster of a nitrogenase, a high-nuclearity, Fe/S-only cluster that can be viewed as two [4Fe-4S] sub-clusters sharing a gamma-6-sulfide.


name: starch utilization system complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the starch utilization system complex, a complex of cell envelope-associated proteins that degrades glycan.


cellulosome assembly

description: The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall.


xylose catabolic process to ethanol

description: The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose, an aldopentose, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.


butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA.


name: butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA

description: The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA, starting from acetyl-CoA.


butyryl-CoA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA.


name: butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate

description: The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butyrate.


name: butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol

description: The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butanol.


cellotriose binding

description: Binding to cellotriose.


cellodextrin binding

description: Binding to a cellodextrin, a glucose polymer of 2 or more glucose monomers.


cellobiose binding

description: Binding to cellobiose, a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.


cellotetraose binding

description: Binding to a cellotetraose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


cellopentaose binding

description: Binding to a cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


laminaribiose binding

description: Binding to laminaribiose, a disaccharide.


pectin binding

description: Binding to pectin.


iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor binding

description: Binding to iron molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.


response to amylopectin

description: A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of amylopectin stimulus.


response to pullulan

description: A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of pullulan stimulus.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.


name: 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.


daunorubicin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer.


doxorubicin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, used in cancer chemotherapy.


AP-5 adaptor complex

description: An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.


protein guanylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + protein = diphosphate + guanylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an guanylyl (guanosine 5'-monophosphate; GMP group) to specific residues of target proteins.


protein denucleotidylation

description: The removal of a nucleotide from a protein amino acid.


protein deadenylylation

description: The removal of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) from a protein amino acid.


protein adenylylhydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-protein+ H2O = adenylate + protein; mediates the removal of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) from specific residues of target proteins.


name: ABC-type phytochelatin transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.


phosphocholine transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + protein-serine = CMP + protein-serine-choline phosphate.


phosphocholine hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein-serine-choline phosphate + H2O = protein-serine + choline phosphate.


DBIRD complex

description: A protein complex that associates with mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II and is proposed to integrate transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing. In humans it is composed of the proteins KIAA1967/DBC1 and ZNF326/ZIRD.


FMN transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of flavine mononucleotide (FMN) from one side of a membrane to the other.


nuclear pore inner ring

description: A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the inner rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup192p, Nup188p, Nup170p and Nup157p. In vertebrates, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup205, Nup188 and Nup155. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup170 complex.


nuclear pore linkers

description: A substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that serves to connect members of the central transport channel (composed of FG-nucleoporins) to the core scaffold (composed of the inner and outer NPC rings). In S. cerevisiae, the linkers are Nic96p and Nup82p. In vertebrates, they are Nup93 and Nup88. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. Both linkers can be isolated in association with specific FG-nucleoporins, complexes that are sometimes referred to as the Nic96 complex (Nic96p-Nsp1p-Nup49p-Nup57p) and the Nup82 complex (Nup82p-Nup116p-Nup159p-Gle2p).


nuclear pore central transport channel

description: The central substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), through which nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNAs, proteins and small molecules occurs. The central transport channel is filled with FG-nucleoporins, which form a selective barrier and provide a series of binding sites for transporter proteins. Characterized S. cerevisiae FG-nucleoporins include Nup159p, Nup145Np, Nup116p, Nup100p, Nsp1p, Nup57p, Nup49p, Nup42p, Nup53p, Nup59p/Asm4p, Nup60p and Nup1. Characterized vertebrate FG-nucleoporins include Nup214, Nup98, Nup62, Nup54, Nup58/45, NLP1, and Nup153.


nuclear pore cytoplasmic filaments

description: Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.


nuclear pore nuclear basket

description: A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.


name: modulation of relaxation of muscle in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of muscle in a second organism.


name: modulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in a second organism.


name: modulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.


name: positive regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

description: The process in which an organism increases the extent of relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.


name: ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding

description: Binding to the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP).


host-symbiont bicellular tight junction

description: An occluding cell-cell junction formed between the membranes of the apical end of an invading cell (e.g. a merozoite in Plasmodium) and a host target cell (e.g. erythrocyte for Plasmodium infection). The junction is a stable yet dynamic structure that moves around the symbiont cell during invasion, enclosing it in a vacuole surrounded by a membrane.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell

description: The attachment of a symbiont to a host cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


name: adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell

description: The attachment of a symbiont to a host epithelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


name: adhesion of symbiont to host endothelial cell

description: The attachment of a symbiont to a host endothelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


dextrin alpha-glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dextrin + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.


starch alpha-glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: starch + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.


phagosome reneutralization

description: Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation.


name: regulation of post-lysosomal vacuole size

description: Any process that modulates the volume of a post-lysosomal vacuole, a membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.


name: symbiont-mediated pore formation in host plasma membrane

description: The disruption of host plasma membrane integrity by formation of a pore, resulting in deregulated ion homeostasis, and cellular dysfunction that can result in cell death.


name: viral release from host cell by cytolysis

description: The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell by the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


name: viral release via pore formation in host cell membrane

description: The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell via the formation by the virus of pores in its host cell membrane.


name: establishment or maintenance of cell type involved in phenotypic switching

description: A cellular process of the specification, formation or maintenance of an alternative cell type, occurring as part of the process of phenotypic switching. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.


MLL1/2 complex

description: A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL1 or MLL2 in human, or equivalent in other species.


MLL3/4 complex

description: A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL3 or MLL4 in mammals, or equivalent in other species.


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (R)-carnitine(out) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(in) = (R)-carnitine(in) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(out).


name: sodium:malonate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ malonate(out) = sodium(in) + malonate(in).


name: sodium:galactoside symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ galactoside(out) = sodium(in) + galactoside(in).


sorocarp spore cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp spore cell, a cell of the sorocarp sorus. A sorocarp is the fruiting body characteristic of certain cellular slime moulds (e.g., Dictyosteliida) and consists of both stalk and a sorus (spore mass).


name: acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase-carbon monoxide dehydrogenase complex

description: A multifunctional enzyme complex composed of five different polypeptides that catalyzes the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA, cleaves the C-C and C-S bonds in the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA, oxidizes the carbonyl group to CO2 and transfers the methyl group to tetrahydrosarcinapterin. These reactions are important for methanogenesis.


description: A heterodimer which catalyses the reaction of 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to form 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (FO), an intermediate of coenzyme F420.