mammary gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages.


RNA polymerase complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits.


beta-2-microglobulin binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to beta-2-microglobulin.


lipid antigen binding

description: Binding to a lipid antigen.


endogenous lipid antigen binding

description: Binding to an endogenous cellular lipid antigen.


exogenous lipid antigen binding

description: Binding to an exogenous lipid antigen (examples include microbial lipids and glycolipids).


name: regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


name: negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


name: positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

description: Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


regulation of B cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


name: negative regulation of B cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of B cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


VCB complex

description: A protein complex that possesses ubiquitin ligase activity; the complex is usually pentameric; for example, in mammals the subunits are pVHL, elongin B, elongin C, cullin-2 (Cul2), and Rbx1.


mitotic cohesin complex

description: A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.


meiotic cohesin complex

description: A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex.


replisome

description: A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.


name: apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex

description: Protein complex that mediates editing of the mRNA encoding apolipoprotein B; catalyzes the deamination of C to U (residue 6666 in the human mRNA). Contains a catalytic subunit, APOBEC-1, and other proteins (e.g. human ASP; rat ASP and KSRP).


checkpoint clamp complex

description: Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.


HOPS complex

description: A multimeric protein complex that associates with the vacuolar membrane, late endosomal (multivesicular body) and lysosomal membranes. HOPS is a tethering complex involved in vesicle fusion.


calcium-dependent ATPase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of calcium ion (Ca2+).


forebrain development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).


midbrain development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles).


hindbrain development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium).


notochord development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.


retromer complex

description: A conserved hetero-pentameric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. The budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p. The mammalian complex shows slight variation in composition compared to yeast, and comprises SNX1 or SNX2, SNX5 or SNX6, VPS26A or VPS26B, VPS29, and VPS35.


retromer, tubulation complex

description: The dimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be peripherally associated with the membrane. This dimeric complex is responsible for remodeling endosomal membranes to form a tube-structure to which cargo molecules are selected for recycling. The budding yeast complex comprises Vps5p and Vps17p, and may contain multiple copies of a Vps5p/Vps17p dimer. The mammalian complex contains SNX1 or SNX2 dimerized with SNX5 or SNX6.


retromer, cargo-selective complex

description: The trimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be closely associated with the membrane. This trimeric complex is responsible for recognizing and binding to cargo molecules. The complex comprises three Vps proteins in both yeast and mammalian cells: Vps35p, Vps29p, and Vps26p in yeast, and VPS35, VPS29 and VPS26A or VPS26B in mammals.


MBF transcription complex

description: A protein complex that binds to the Mlu1 cell cycle box (MCB) promoter element, consensus sequence ACGCGN, and is involved in regulation of transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Mbp1p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Nrm1p, Msa1p, and Msa2p; in Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Res1p, Res2p, and Cdc10p.


protein splicing

description: The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence.


non-intein-mediated protein splicing

description: The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence, by a process not involving inteins.


olfactory placode formation

description: The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


TPR domain binding

description: Binding to a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of a protein, the consensus sequence of which is defined by a pattern of small and large hydrophobic amino acids and a structure composed of helices.


response to deep water

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a deep water stimulus, being immersed in standing deep water throughout the life cycle.


paranodal junction assembly

description: Formation of the junction between an axon and the glial cell that forms the myelin sheath. Paranodal junctions form at each paranode, i.e. at the ends of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier.


Smc5-Smc6 complex

description: A conserved complex that contains a heterodimer of SMC proteins (Smc5p and Smc6p, or homologs thereof) and several other proteins, and is involved in DNA repair and maintaining cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. In S. cerevisiae, this is an octameric complex called Mms21-Smc5-Smc6 complex, with at least five of its subunits conserved in fission yeast and humans.


otic vesicle formation

description: The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages.


peptidyl-serine O-acetylation

description: The acetylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-serine.


peptidyl-serine acetylation

description: The acetylation of peptidyl-serine.


name: peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine

description: The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


name: peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine

description: The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

description: Complex that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. In all organisms where it has been found, the complex is a tetramer. In bacteria, it is a homotetramer. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed small and large subunits.


name: homotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

description: A protein complex composed of four identical subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


name: heterotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

description: A protein complex composed of four different subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


name: amyloplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

description: An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the amyloplast.


name: chloroplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

description: An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the chloroplast.


anchoring collagen complex

description: Any collagen complex which links one collagen assembly, such as a collagen fibril or sheet, to other structures.


sheet-forming collagen trimer

description: A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers assemble into a sheet.


transmembrane collagen trimer

description: Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane.


collagen type XVII trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVII) chains; type XVII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane and associate with hemidesmosomes and the basal lamina where they bind laminin.


collagen type XVIII trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVIII) chains.


chloroplast targeting sequence binding

description: Binding to a chloroplast targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the chloroplast.


name: endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide binding

description: Binding to an endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the endoplasmic reticulum.


name: mitochondrion targeting sequence binding

description: Binding to a mitochondrion targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the mitochondrion.


DDEL sequence binding

description: Binding to a KDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence Asp-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.


name: protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, via thiol-phosphate intermediate

description: The catalysis of phosphate removal from a phosphotyrosine using cysteine as a nucleophile and proceed by means of a thiol-phosphate intermediate.


name: protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, metal-dependent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate. This reaction requires metal ions.


name: regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized actin-based cytoskeletal structures.


name: establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures.


name: establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures.


astral microtubule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles.


astral microtubule nucleation

description: The 'de novo' formation of an astral microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule.


potassium ion binding

description: Binding to a potassium ion (K+).


description: A protein complex that possesses glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase activity, and therefore creates Gln-tRNA by amidating Glu-tRNA; usually composed of 3 subunits: A, B, and C. Note that the C subunit may not be required in all organisms.


Tat protein binding

description: Binding to Tat, a viral transactivating regulatory protein from the human immunodeficiency virus, or the equivalent protein from another virus.


RITS complex

description: A protein complex required for heterochromatin assembly; contains an Argonaute homolog, a chromodomain protein, and at least one additional protein; named for RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing.


peptidyl-arginine hydroxylation

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-hydroxyarginine.


name: peptidyl-arginine dihydroxylation to peptidyl-3,4-dihydroxy-L-arginine

description: The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-3,4-dihydroxy-L-arginine.


name: peptidyl-lysine dihydroxylation to 4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine

description: The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine.


NADH dehydrogenase complex

description: An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.


name: plasma membrane electron transport, NADH to quinone

description: The transfer of electrons from NADH to the quinone pool that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation and results in the generation of a proton gradient, mediated by the enzyme known as NADH-quinone oxidoreductase.


name: endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation.


name: retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol

description: The directed movement of unfolded or misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol through the translocon.


receptor tyrosine kinase binding

description: Binding to a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity.


molybdate ion binding

description: Binding to a molybdate ion (MoO4 2-).


name: thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which thiamine pyrophosphate is transported across a membrane.


thiamine binding

description: Binding to thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


thiamine pyrophosphate binding

description: Binding to thiamine pyrophosphate, the diphosphoric ester of thiamine. Acts as a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases.


taurine binding

description: Binding to taurine.


alpha-glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


alpha-glucan catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans.


cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.


adventurous gliding motility

description: A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the rearward secretion of carbohydrate slime.


mismatched DNA binding

description: Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing one or more mismatches.


kininogen binding

description: Binding to a kininogen, a kinin precursor.


high molecular weight kininogen binding

description: Binding to a kininogen of high molecular mass.


low molecular weight kininogen binding

description: Binding to a kininogen of low molecular mass.


name: high molecular weight kininogen receptor binding

description: Binding to a high molecular weight kininogen receptor.


name: high molecular weight kininogen receptor complex

description: A protein complex that acts as a receptor for high molecular weight kininogens. In humans, this receptor includes the CK1 and uPAR proteins.


name: dynein-driven meiotic oscillatory nuclear movement

description: Oscillatory movement of the nucleus involved in meiosis I. This oscillatory movement is led by an astral microtubule array emanating from the spindle pole body, and driven by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein.


intraciliary transport particle

description: A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules.


intraciliary transport particle A

description: The smaller subcomplex of the intraciliary transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights of 710-760 kDa.


intraciliary transport particle B

description: The larger subcomplex of the intraciliary transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights around 550 kDa.


name: axonemal heterotrimeric kinesin-II complex

description: A kinesin complex found in eukaryotic axonemes that contains two distinct plus end-directed kinesin motor proteins and at least one accessory subunit, and that functions in the anterograde transport of molecules (cargo) from the basal body to the distal tip of the axoneme.


primary cell septum disassembly

description: Dissolution of the primary septum during cell separation.


cell septum edging catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the dissolution of the septum edging during cell separation.


name: regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion

description: Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker.


linear element

description: A proteinaceous scaffold associated with fission yeast chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Linear elements consist of a protein complex, LinE, with four main structural components (Rec10, Rec25, Rec27, and Mug20 in S. pombe) associated with chromatin. The resulting structure is related to but not equivalent to the synaptonemal complex.


linear element assembly

description: The cell cycle process in which linear elements are assembled in association with fission yeast chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Linear element assembly begins with LinE complex formation and ends when LinE complexes are associated with chromatin in structures visible as nuclear foci. A linear element is a proteinaceous scaffold related to the synaptonemal complex.


response to caffeine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.


response to brefeldin A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


actin rod

description: A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Actin rod structures are found in diverse organisms, having been observed in spores of Dictyostelium discoideum, Drosophila melanogaster oocytes, as well as in numerous animal cells under stress conditions.


actin tubule

description: A cellular structure, approximately 13 nm in diameter, consisting of three actin filaments bundled together.


name: potassium ion-transporting ATPase complex

description: Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in). It is a high affinity potassium uptake system. The E. coli complex consists of 4 proteins: KdpA is the potassium ion translocase, KdpB is the ATPase, and KdpC and KdpF seem to be involved in assembly and stabilization of the complex.


filamin binding

description: Binding to a filamin, any member of a family of high molecular mass cytoskeletal proteins that crosslink actin filaments to form networks and stress fibers. Filamins contain an amino-terminal alpha-actinin-like actin binding domain, which is followed by a rod-domain composed of 4 to 24 100-residue repetitive segments including a carboxy-terminal dimerization domain.


plastid ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

description: An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in a plastid.


ISWI-type complex

description: Any nuclear protein complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the imitation switch (ISWI) family. ISWI ATPases are involved in assembling chromatin and in sliding and spacing nucleosomes to regulate transcription of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III and also DNA replication, recombination and repair.


Ino80 complex

description: A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity.


extracellular matrix

description: A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues.


troponin I binding

description: Binding to troponin I, the inhibitory subunit of the troponin complex.


troponin T binding

description: Binding to troponin T, the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex.


pancreas development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones.


exocrine pancreas development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells.


endocrine pancreas development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.


mitochondrial mRNA editing complex

description: An mRNA editing complex found in the mitochondrion. The best characterized example is that of Trypanosoma brucei, which catalyzes the insertion and deletion of uridylates.


plastid mRNA editing complex

description: An mRNA editing complex found in a plastid.


name: interphase microtubule organizing center

description: A microtubule organizing center found in interphase cells, which organize a longitudinal array of three to five MT bundles from the nuclear envelope during interphase. Each MT bundle is composed of two to seven MTs arranged in an antiparallel configuration, with the dynamic MT plus ends extending toward the cell tips and stable minus ends near the nucleus.


nuclear migration along microfilament

description: The directed movement of the nucleus along microfilaments within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.


name: microtubule organizing center organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center, a structure from which microtubules grow.


name: interphase microtubule organizing center assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including gamma-tubulin and other proteins, to form an interphase microtubule organizing center.


name: equatorial microtubule organizing center disassembly

description: The process in which the equatorial microtubule organizing center is disassembled at the end of mitosis.


glutamate synthase complex

description: A complex that possesses glutamate synthase activity.


glutamate synthase complex (NADH)

description: A protein complex that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.


septation initiation signaling

description: The series of molecular signals, mediated by the small GTPase Ras, that results in the initiation of contraction of the contractile ring, at the beginning of cytokinesis and cell division by septum formation. The pathway coordinates chromosome segregation with mitotic exit and cytokinesis.


name: regulation of septation initiation signaling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.


name: negative regulation of septation initiation signaling

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.


name: positive regulation of septation initiation signaling

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.


actomyosin structure organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments.


myosin filament organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.


myosin filament assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a filament composed of myosin molecules.


myosin filament disassembly

description: The disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.


myosin II filament assembly

description: The formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


myosin II filament disassembly

description: The disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


myosin II filament organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


macronucleus

description: A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains polyploid copies of a portion of the cell's complete genome. Transcription of genes occurs in macronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple macronuclei per cell.


micronucleus

description: A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains a diploid copy of the cell's complete genome. Sections of contiguous sequence in the macronucleus are often interrupted by internal eliminated sequences (IES), and may be permuted, in micronuclei. Genic transcription is not found in micronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple micronuclei per cell.


O-glycan processing, core 5

description: The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 5 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.


O-glycan processing, core 6

description: The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 6 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)-GalNAc.


O-glycan processing, core 7

description: The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 7 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->6)-GalNAc.


O-glycan processing, core 8

description: The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 8 O-glycan structure, Gal-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.


dense core granule

description: Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted.


name: regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing

description: A process in which an regulatory non-coding RNA molecule reduces expression of target genes. This can occur pre-transcriptionally by assembly of heterochromatin and prevention of transcription or co- or post-transcriptionally by targeting RNAs for degradation or by interfering with splicing or translation. This process starts once the inhibitory RNA molecule has been transcribed, and includes processing of the RNA such as cleavage, modifications, transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, loading onto the RISC complex, and the effect on transcription or translation.


name: regulatory ncRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation

description: A heterochromatin formation-based gene silencing process mediated by a regulatory non-coding RNA molecule that occur before the beginning of trancription.


programmed DNA elimination

description: A process in which genomic fragments or entire chromosomes are eliminated from somatic cells or from micronuclei of ciliates. This process occurs in the developing macronucleus (anlage) of a ciliate, as well as in other species, including vertebrates and is an irreversible mechanism of gene silencing.


name: programmed DNA elimination by chromosome breakage

description: Regulated cleavage of the developing macronuclear genome at a limited number of chromosome breakage sites (CBS). The macronuclear destined segment (MDS) sequence adjacent to the CBS (or separated from it by a BES) receives a macronuclear telomere following chromosome breakage.


primary miRNA processing

description: A process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule.


pre-miRNA processing

description: A process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.


chromatin remodeling at centromere

description: Dynamic structural changes in centromeric DNA.


hair follicle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.


intronic snoRNA processing

description: The biogenesis of a snoRNA molecule which resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA.


cysteine desulfurase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + [enzyme]-cysteine = L-alanine + [enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine.


heat shock protein binding

description: Binding to a heat shock protein, a protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock.


cholesterol 26-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydroxylation of cholesterol at position 26 of the side chain, to produce 26-hydroxycholesterol.


nucleocytoplasmic transport complex

description: Any complex that acts to move proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.


embryonic camera-type eye development

description: The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: post-embryonic camera-type eye development

description: The process occurring during the post-embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


histone H3K14 deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.


nuclear pore outer ring

description: A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the outer rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two outer rings each contain multiple copies of the following proteins: Nup133p, Nup120p, Nup145Cp, Nup85p, Nup84p, Seh1p, and Sec13p. In vertebrates, the two outer rings each contain multiple copies of the following proteins: Nup133, Nup160, Nup96, Nup75, Nup107, Seh1, Sec13, Nup43, Nup37, and ALADIN. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup84 complex (S. cerevisiae) or the Nup107-160 complex (vertebrates).


BLOC complex

description: Any of several protein complexes required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and other related organelles; acronym for biogenesis of lysosomal-related organelles complex.


BLOC-1 complex

description: A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Many of the protein subunits are conserved between mouse and human; the mouse complex contains the Pallidin, Muted, Cappuccino, Dysbindin, Snapin, BLOS1, BLOS2, AND BLOS3 proteins.


BLOC-2 complex

description: A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps3, Hps5, and Hps6 proteins; the mouse complex contains ru2 and ru.


BLOC-3 complex

description: A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps1 and Hps4 proteins.


name: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay

description: A pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of steps that is independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay, and that can regulate mRNA stability.


name: deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

description: Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is independent of poly(A) tail shortening.


platelet dense granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense granule.


platelet dense granule lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet dense granule.


organelle membrane

description: A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.


platelet alpha granule

description: A secretory organelle found in blood platelets, which is unique in that it exhibits further compartmentalization and acquires its protein content via two distinct mechanisms: (1) biosynthesis predominantly at the megakaryocyte (MK) level (with some vestigial platelet synthesis) (e.g. platelet factor 4) and (2) endocytosis and pinocytosis at both the MK and circulating platelet levels (e.g. fibrinogen (Fg) and IgG).


platelet alpha granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet alpha granule.


platelet alpha granule lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.


platelet dense tubular network

description: A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin.


platelet dense tubular network membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network.


platelet dense tubular network lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the platelet dense tubular network.


medial cortex

description: A medial cortical band overlaying the nucleus which acts as a landmark for contractile ring positioning and plays a role in cell cycle regulation.


name: stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

description: The series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays a signal.


regeneration

description: The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass).


animal organ regeneration

description: The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.


fin regeneration

description: The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction.


neuron projection regeneration

description: The regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites in response to their loss or damage.


axon regeneration

description: The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.


dendrite regeneration

description: The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage.


septin complex

description: A protein complex containing septins. Typically, these complexes contain multiple septins and are oligomeric.


septin ring organization

description: Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring.


septin ring disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of a septin ring.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


name: microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

description: Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.


name: regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.


name: negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization.


name: positive regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization.


name: regulation of microtubule polymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


name: regulation of microtubule depolymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.


name: negative regulation of microtubule polymerization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


name: positive regulation of microtubule polymerization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


name: positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.


rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

description: The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule.


tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

description: The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule.


snRNA pseudouridine synthesis

description: The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule.


equatorial microtubule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins at the midpoint of a cell.


cytoplasmic microtubule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell.


RNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule.


mRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.


rRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an rRNA molecule.


sno(s)RNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA family molecule, also referred to as an sRNA in Archaea.


alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->2) linkage.


developmental induction

description: A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder).


inductive cell-cell signaling

description: Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate.


serine 3-dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + NADP+ = L-alpha-formylglycine + 2 H+ + NADPH.


regulation of axon diameter

description: Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon growth such that the correct diameter is attained and maintained.


sister chromatid biorientation

description: The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.


name: regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

description: Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


name: negative regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

description: Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


name: positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

description: Any process that increases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


name: induction of conjugation upon nutrient starvation

description: The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon starvation for one or more nutrients.


name: induction of conjugation upon carbon starvation

description: The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon carbon starvation.


name: induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

description: The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.


pseudopodium

description: A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.


proteasome localization

description: Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


name: anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome.


name: SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.


DIF-1 biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.


sorocarp stalk cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp stalk cell, any of the cellulose-covered cells that form the stalk of a sorocarp. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


sorocarp stalk development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


name: histone H3K79 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 79) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 79). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 79 of the histone H3 protein.


name: aggregation involved in sorocarp development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


name: slug development involved in sorocarp development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the slug over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Slug development begins when the aggregate rises upwards to form a finger-shaped structure and ends when culmination begins. Slug development begins after aggregation and ends before culmination in sorocarp development.


name: culmination involved in sorocarp development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the culminant over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Culmination begins with a morphogenetic change of the finger-like or migratory slug giving rise to an organized structure containing a stalk and a sorus. This process is the final stage of sorocarp development.


name: regulation of reproductive fruiting body development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive fruiting body development.


regulation of sorocarp development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp development. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


name: regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

description: Any process that modulates the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


name: negative regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

description: Any process that decreases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


name: positive regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

description: Any process that increases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


spore wall

description: The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


phosphatidylinositol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


name: sulfur incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

description: The incorporation of exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


metallo-sulfur cluster assembly

description: The incorporation of a metal and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


contractile vacuolar membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole.


rRNA methylation

description: The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule.


ferrichrome metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


ferrichrome biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


ferricrocin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.


ferricrocin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.


ornithine N5-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + O2 + H+ = N5-hydroxy-L-ornithine + H2O.


name: otolith mineralization completed early in development

description: The formation of otoliths during embryogenesis with completion in early postembryonic development. Formation occurs by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate around an organic core of extracellular matrix proteins. Otoconia (otoliths) are small (~10 micron) dense extracellular particles present in the otolith end organs of the vertebrate inner ear.


lifelong otolith mineralization

description: The formation and growth of otoliths throughout the life of the organism. Otoliths are the large extracellular ear-stones of the fish inner ear, produced by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate on organic matrices. The otolith enlarges throughout the life of the fish, as layers of calcium carbonate are added.


neuron projection development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

description: Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.


phosphopantetheine binding

description: Binding to phosphopantetheine, the vitamin pantetheine 4'-(dihydrogen phosphate).


peptide modification

description: The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide.


SNARE complex

description: A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.


name: post-translational protein targeting to membrane, docking

description: The process in which the signal sequence of a translated protein binds to and forms a complex with the Sec complex.


name: post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

description: The process in which a protein translocates through the ER membrane posttranslationally.


endoplasmic reticulum Sec complex

description: An endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated complex involved in the translocation of proteins that are targeted to the ER. In yeast, this complex consists of two subcomplexes, namely, the Sec61 complex and the Sec62/Sec63 complex.


Sec62/Sec63 complex

description: A protein complex involved in the posttranslational targeting of proteins to the ER. In yeast, it is a tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p and Sec72p.


POZ domain binding

description: Binding to a POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain of a protein, a protein-protein interaction domain found in many transcription factors.


SCAR complex

description: A pentameric complex that includes orthologues of human PIR121, Nap1, Abi, SCAR, and HSPC300 and regulates actin polymerization and/or depolymerization through small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


phosphatidylcholine binding

description: Binding to a phosphatidylcholine, a glycophospholipid in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


name: endoplasmic reticulum palmitoyltransferase complex

description: A complex of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes S-palmitoylation, the addition of palmitate (C16:0) or other long-chain fatty acids to proteins at a cysteine residue.


RSF complex

description: An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals) and an RSF1 homolog. It mediates nucleosome deposition and generates regularly spaced nucleosome arrays. In mammals, RSF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters).


biomineral tissue development

description: Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation.


shell calcification

description: The precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the organic matrix of a shell, such as a mollusc shell.


neopullulanase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to panose (6-alpha-D-glucosylmaltose).


glucan 1,4-beta-glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-glucans, to remove successive glucose units.


description: Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in arabinogalactans.


levanase activity

description: Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 2,6-beta-D-fructofuranosidic linkages in 2,6-beta-D-fructans (levans) containing more than 3 fructose units.


maltodextrin phosphorylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: maltodextrin = glucose-1-phosphate.


arabinan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


arabinan catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


auditory behavior

description: The behavior of an organism in response to a sound.


name: extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane

description: The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane

description: The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its cytoplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane

description: The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


external side of cell outer membrane

description: The side of the outer membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the periplasm of the cell.


periplasmic side of cell outer membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the outer membrane that faces the periplasm of the cell.


name: extrinsic component of external side of cell outer membrane

description: The component of a cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of cell outer membrane

description: The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane

description: The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


actin rod assembly

description: The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules.


protein acetyltransferase complex

description: A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule.


denatured protein binding

description: Binding to a denatured protein.


name: anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase complex

description: An enzyme complex composed of 4 subunits, 2 copies of the large protein (nrdD in E. coli) and 2 copies of the small protein (nrdG in E. coli). It catalyzes the generation of 2'deoxyribonucleotides under anaerobic growth conditions. The larger subunit is the catalytic unit that is activated by the smaller iron-binding subunit.


PAN complex

description: A complex that possesses poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity; catalyzes the message-specific shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails. Contains at least two subunits, known as Pan2p and Pan3p in Saccharomyces.


cell leading edge

description: The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement.


cell projection membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasma membrane bounded cell surface projection.


cell trailing edge

description: The area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.


lateral part of motile cell

description: The area of a motile cell perpendicular to the direction of movement.


leading edge membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.


cell trailing edge membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the trailing edge of a motile cell.


lamellipodium membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a lamellipodium.


uropod membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a uropod.


pseudopodium membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a pseudopodium.


DNA replication preinitiation complex

description: A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The preinitiation complex is formed by the assembly of additional proteins onto an existing prereplicative complex. In budding yeast, the additional proteins might include Cdc45p, Sld2p, Sld3p, Dpb11p, DNA polymerases, and others; in fission yeast the GINS complex is present.


Ndc80 complex

description: An essential outer kinetochore complex involved in the attachment of microtubule ends to the chromosomes during mitosis.


death-inducing signaling complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor, and may control the activation of caspases 8 and 10.


CD95 death-inducing signaling complex

description: A protein complex formed upon binding of Fas/CD95/APO-1 to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1, procaspase-8/10 and c-FLIP in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.


TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex

description: A protein complex formed upon binding of TRAIL to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1 and procaspase-8 addition to the ligand-bound receptor.


small GTPase binding

description: Binding to a small monomeric GTPase.


pseudopodium organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement.


pseudopodium assembly

description: The assembly of a pseudopodium by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.


pseudopodium retraction

description: The myosin-based contraction and retraction of a pseudopodium.


lateral pseudopodium assembly

description: The extension of a pseudopodium from the lateral area of a cell.


regulation of pseudopodium assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.


name: negative regulation of pseudopodium assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.


name: positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-1,2-linkage.


regulation of cyclase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclase activity.


negative regulation of cyclase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a cyclase.


positive regulation of cyclase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cyclase.


name: regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.


name: negative regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.


name: positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.


name: regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


name: negative regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


name: positive regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


sorocarp morphogenesis

description: The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


actin phosphorylation

description: The transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.


retinal ganglion cell axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


Ran protein signal transduction

description: An intracellular signaling cassette in which a small monomeric GTPase of the Ran subfamily relays a signal.


name: membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis

description: The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain.


lymphocyte costimulation

description: The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B- or T cell receptor to augment B- or T cell activation.


T cell costimulation

description: The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.


B cell costimulation

description: The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B cell receptor to augment B cell activation.


replication fork processing

description: The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled is restored to a functional state and replication is restarted. The stalling may be due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes.


replication fork protection complex

description: A protein complex conserved in eukaryotes and associated with the replication fork; the complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and is thought to be involved in coordinating leading- and lagging-strand synthesis and in replication checkpoint signaling.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + taurine = L-alanine + sulfoacetaldehyde.


name: extrinsic component of organelle membrane

description: The component of an organelle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of endosome membrane

description: The component of an endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of mitochondrial inner membrane

description: The component of mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane

description: The component of a mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of nuclear outer membrane

description: The component of a nuclear outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter complex

description: A complex consisting of two membrane proteins and one extracytoplasmic solute receptor. Such transporters transport a variety of substrates without direct ATP power, instead using energy from ion gradients.


detection of folic acid

description: The series of events in which a folic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of cAMP

description: The series of events in which a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; cAMP is the nucleotide cyclic AMP.


hexitol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hexitol + acceptor = hexose + reduced acceptor.


ascospore-type prospore assembly

description: During ascospore formation, the process in which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane.


name: ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body remodeling

description: A spindle pole body (SPB) organization process that takes place during the second meiotic division during ascospore formation and results in the structural reorganization of the SPB; includes the recruitment of sporulation-specific proteins to the outer plaque to form the meiotic outer plaque (MOP).


name: regulation of cellular metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


name: negative regulation of cellular metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


name: positive regulation of cellular metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


name: regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


name: negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


name: positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


name: regulation of cellular catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


name: negative regulation of cellular catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


name: positive regulation of cellular catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


RNAi effector complex

description: Any protein complex that mediates the effects of small interfering RNAs on gene expression. Most known examples contain one or more members of the Argonaute family of proteins.


name: negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.


name: positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.


name: regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.


name: negative regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.


name: positive regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.


regulation of vesicle fusion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.


negative regulation of vesicle fusion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.


positive regulation of vesicle fusion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.


regulation of cell killing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process in which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism.


negative regulation of cell killing

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.


positive regulation of cell killing

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.


name: regulation of cell projection organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.


name: negative regulation of cell projection organization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.


name: positive regulation of cell projection organization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.


regulation of defense response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.


negative regulation of defense response

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.


positive regulation of defense response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid deamination

description: The removal of an amino group from the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from side chain

description: The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine or glutamine residue of a protein.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid modification

description: The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


description: The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine residue of a protein.


description: The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.


translation initiation factor binding

description: Binding to a translation initiation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.


eukaryotic initiation factor 4G binding

description: Binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4G, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.


ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex

description: Any complex that possesses ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity.


UBC13-MMS2 complex

description: A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p; in human it comprises UBE2N and UBE2V1/UBE2V2; and in plants UBC35/UBC36 and UEV1A/UEV1B/UEV1C/UEV1D-4.


RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.


name: nuclear RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

description: A complex required for RNAi mediated heterochromatin assembly. In S. pombe this contains RNA-directed RNA polymerase, a putative helicase and a protein containing a pap25 associated domain.


name: viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

description: A virus-specific protein complex that possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and replicates the genome of an RNA virus.


mating projection formation

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell projection in response to mating pheromone. This process is observed in unicellular fungi.


name: regulation of mating projection assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.


name: regulation of initiation of mating projection growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the start of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.


name: regulation of termination of mating projection growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the end of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.


protein tag activity

description: A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.


MPF complex

description: A complex consisting of a Cdc2-class (also known as Cdc28) cyclin-dependent kinase and an M-phase cyclin such as S. pombe Cdc13. The MPF complex phosphorylates and activates the anaphase promoting complex (APC).


organic acid phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into an organic acid.


Rad17 RFC-like complex

description: A pentameric protein complex related to replication factor C, which loads a trimeric complex of checkpoint proteins (known as the checkpoint clamp or 9-1-1 complex) onto DNA at damage sites; functions in DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the subunits are known as Rad17, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5, while in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the subunits are known as Rad24p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.


Ctf18 RFC-like complex

description: A heptameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and plays a vital role in chromosome cohesion. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Ctf18p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, Rfc5p, Dcc1p, and Ctf8p.


Elg1 RFC-like complex

description: A pentameric replication factor C (RLC) complex, which unloads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) from chromatin and has roles in telomere length regulation and other aspects of genome stability. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Elg1p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.


name: regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.


name: negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.


name: positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.


bursicon neuropeptide hormone complex

description: A neuropeptide hormone secreted by the central nervous system of insects that stimulates the tanning and sclerotization of the adult cuticle following eclosion. The active hormone consists of an obligate heterodimer of the alpha and beta subunits.


regulation of protein ubiquitination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.


name: negative regulation of protein ubiquitination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.


name: positive regulation of protein ubiquitination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.


name: regulation of protein modification process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.


name: negative regulation of protein modification process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.


name: positive regulation of protein modification process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.


sodium ion binding

description: Binding to a sodium ion (Na+).


lithium ion binding

description: Binding to a lithium ion (Li+).


chloride ion binding

description: Binding to a chloride ion (Cl-).


lipoic acid binding

description: Binding to lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid.


carboxylic acid binding

description: Binding to a carboxylic acid, an organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


oxylipin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


oxylipin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


pigment binding

description: Binding to a pigment, a general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


cytoplasmic vesicle

description: A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.


gas vesicle

description: An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle; a hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps. By regulating their relative gas vesicle content, aquatic microbes are able to perform vertical migrations.


gas vesicle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a gas vesicle. A gas vesicle is a hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps.


regulation of buoyancy

description: Any process that modulates an organism's tendency or ability to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air, often through the use of stored gases.


name: N-terminal protein acetyltransferase complex

description: A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule.


NatA complex

description: A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an N-terminal Ser, Ala, Gly, or Thr residue of a protein acceptor molecule. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat1p and Ard1p, and may contain additional proteins.


NatB complex

description: A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Glu, Met-Asp, Met-Asn, or Met-Met N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat3p and Mdm20p.


NatC complex

description: A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Ile, Met-Leu, Met-Trp, or Met-Phe N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Mak3p, Mak10p, and Mak31p.


L-ascorbic acid binding

description: Binding to L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


cobalamin binding

description: Binding to cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


alkali metal ion binding

description: Binding to an alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen.


invertasome

description: A complex formed by a recombinase, a regulatory protein, and the DNA sequences bound by each protein; catalyzes a reversible site-specific recombination reaction that results in the alternate expression of one or more genes in various contexts.


name: RecQ family helicase-topoisomerase III complex

description: A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue (a member of the topoisomerase type IA subfamily); may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human.


hexon binding

description: Binding to a hexon, the major protein component of the icosahedral capsid of an adenovirus.


keratinization

description: The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.


chloroplast RNA processing

description: The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a chloroplast genome into one or more mature RNA molecules.


polycistronic mRNA processing

description: The conversion of a primary mRNA transcript containing more than one complete protein-coding region into individual mature mRNA molecules.


response to methotrexate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


name: box C/D methylation guide snoRNP complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a box C/D type RNA that is capable of ribose-2'-O-methylation of target RNAs. Box C/D type RNAs are widespread in eukaryotes and in Archaea, suggesting that an RNA-based guide mechanism for directing specific RNA 2'-O-ribose methylations was present in the common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya.


box H/ACA snoRNP complex

description: A box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex located in the nucleolus that catalyzes pseudouridylation of ribosomal RNA residues. The complex is composed of four different core proteins that assemble onto a H/ACA guide RNA scaffold that identifies specific uridines in rRNA for modification during ribosome synthesis.


M band

description: The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.


Dbf4-dependent protein kinase complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex required for the activation of DNA replication origins; comprises a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (in Saccharomyces, Cdc7p and Dbf4p, respectively); complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins.


titin binding

description: Binding to titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.


telethonin binding

description: Binding to telethonin, a protein found in the Z disc of striated muscle and which is a substrate of the titin kinase.


name: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding

description: Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase.


name: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding

description: Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.


BRCA1-BARD1 complex

description: A heterodimeric complex comprising BRCA1 and BARD1, which possesses ubiquitin ligase activity and is involved in genome maintenance, possibly by functioning in surveillance for DNA damage.


regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing, any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.


name: negative regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.


name: positive regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.


name: fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fast-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by fast time parameters, high force development and fatiguability.


name: slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within slow-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The slow-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by slow time parameters, low force development and resistance to fatigue.


regulation of heterochromatin formation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or location of heterochromatin formation.


name: regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


name: negative regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


name: positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


name: regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


name: negative regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


name: positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


name: negative regulation of heterochromatin formation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin formation.


name: positive regulation of heterochromatin formation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin formation.


glycine betaine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.


glycine betaine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.


glycine betaine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.


ABC-type betaine transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + a betaine(in).


name: ABC-type glycine betaine transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycine betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycine betaine(in).


glycine betaine transport

description: The directed movement of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

description: Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity.


Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul2 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.


Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein.


Cul4A-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4A subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.


Cul4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.


Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul5 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.


Cul7-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul7 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 linker and an F-box protein.


nuclear membrane reassembly

description: The reformation of the nuclear membranes following their breakdown in the context of a normal process.


bacterial microcompartment

description: An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing metabolic enzymes whose purpose is the sequestration or concentration of metabolites and which has the appearance of a polygonal granule by electron microscopy.


carboxysome

description: An organelle consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of CO2. It augments the concentration of CO2 in the vicinity of RuBisCO to increase the efficiency of CO2 fixation under atmospheric conditions.


name: ethanolamine degradation polyhedral organelle

description: An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of ethanolamine whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic acetaldehyde product of the enzyme ethanolamine ammonia lyase.


name: propanediol degradation polyhedral organelle

description: An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of 1,2-propanediol whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic propionaldehyde product of the enzyme diol dehydratase.