cellular process

description: Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


cell-cell recognition

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.


cell-matrix recognition

description: Cell recognition that involves the interaction of the cell with the extracellular matrix.


contact guidance

description: Cell recognition involving the deposition of specific pathways in the extracellular matrix that guide migrating cells.


intracellular water homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within a cell.


oocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete.


soluble molecule recognition

description: The recognition of soluble molecules in the environment.


name: negative regulation of cell fate specification

description: Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a specific cell fate.


name: negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification

description: Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


name: negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification

description: Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a retinal cone cell.


name: negative regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification

description: Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an auditory hair cell.


glial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.


cardioblast differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


name: gastrulation involving germ band extension

description: A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.


Toc complex

description: Protein translocon complex at the chloroplast outer membrane.


magnesium chelatase complex

description: A heterotrimeric enzyme complex composed of three subunits, all of which are required for enzyme activity, which catalyzes the chelation of Mg by proto IX in an ATP-dependent manner.


endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.


cytoplasmic side of endosome membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


auxin binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to auxin, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


steroid 22-alpha hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-campestanaol + O2 = 6-deoxocathasterone + H2O.


N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding

description: Binding to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor.


meristem initiation

description: Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.


root morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support.


shoot system morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground.


red or far-red light signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


far-red light signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathway

description: The process in which a molecular signal is transduced between the chloroplast and nucleus, such that expression of nuclear encoding photosynthetic proteins is coupled with chloroplast biogenesis.


chloroplast fission

description: The division of a chloroplast within a cell to form two or more separate chloroplast compartments. This division occurs independently of mitosis.


amylopectin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amylopectin, the (1->4) linked alpha glucose units with alpha-(1->6) linkages.


meristem determinacy

description: The process in which a meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).


proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proanthocyanidin.


phytochromobilin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.


wax biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.


trichome differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


thylakoid membrane organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the thylakoid membrane.


xanthophyll cycle

description: A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.


regulation of seed germination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.


positive regulation of seed germination

description: Any process that activates or increase the rate of seed germination.


circumnutation

description: The organismal movement by which the tip of a plant organ follows a spiral pattern as a consequence of growth.


meiotic chromosome condensation

description: Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells.


response to acetate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


response to boron-containing substance

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a boron-containing substance stimulus.


response to carbon dioxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.


response to metal ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.


response to iron ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.


response to iron(II) ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.


response to iron(III) ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.


response to manganese ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.


response to zinc ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


response to aluminum ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.


response to nickel cation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel cation stimulus.


response to mycotoxin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.


fruit dehiscence

description: The process leading to the spontaneous opening of the fruit permitting the escape of seeds.


vernalization response

description: The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.


name: acquisition of plant reproductive competence

description: The process in which a plant acquires the ability to respond to a floral inductive signal.


vegetative phase change

description: Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


xylem and phloem pattern formation

description: The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


guard cell differentiation

description: The process in which a guard mother cell acquires the specialized features of a guard cell.


root epidermal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast.


trichoblast differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair.


atrichoblast differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.


atrichoblast fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of an atrichoblast.


trichoblast fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of a trichoblast.


name: regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

description: Any process that modulates atrichoblast fate specification.


name: positive regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

description: Any process that induces or promotes atrichoblast fate specification.


name: negative regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

description: Any process that suppresses atrichoblast fate specification.


name: regulation of trichoblast fate specification

description: Any process that modulates trichoblast fate specification.


name: negative regulation of trichoblast fate specification

description: Any process that suppresses trichoblast fate specification.


name: positive regulation of trichoblast fate specification

description: Any process that induces or promotes trichoblast fate specification.


embryonic shoot morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic shoot are generated and organized.


primary meristem tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary meristem over time, from formation to the mature structure, as it occurs during plant embryogenesis. The primary meristem tissue is the protoderm, ground meristem and procambium.


ground meristem histogenesis

description: The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues.


procambium histogenesis

description: The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue.


protoderm histogenesis

description: The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis.


name: zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in embryo sac

description: The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


zygote asymmetric cell division

description: The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.


root meristem specification

description: The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root.


name: primary shoot apical meristem specification

description: The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.


meristem maintenance

description: Any process involved in maintaining the identity, size and shape of a meristem.


maintenance of meristem identity

description: The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


regulation of meristem growth

description: Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem.


maintenance of floral meristem identity

description: The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


name: maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity

description: The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


maintenance of root meristem identity

description: The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


name: maintenance of vegetative meristem identity

description: The process in which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


regulation of floral meristem growth

description: Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem.


name: regulation of inflorescence meristem growth

description: Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of an inflorescence meristem.


regulation of root meristem growth

description: Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem.


name: regulation of vegetative meristem growth

description: Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a vegetative meristem.


name: specification of animal organ axis polarity

description: The process in which the polarity of an animal organ axis is specified.


name: polarity specification of proximal/distal axis

description: Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis.


embryonic root morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized.


phloem or xylem histogenesis

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


phloem development

description: The formation of the principal food-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.


xylem development

description: The formation of the principal water-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.


trichome morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


trichome branching

description: Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


specification of animal organ identity

description: The regionalization process in which the identity of an animal organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


specification of floral organ identity

description: The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


specification of carpel identity

description: The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


specification of petal identity

description: The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


specification of sepal identity

description: The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


specification of stamen identity

description: The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


suspensor development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the suspensor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The suspensor is the extension at the base of the embryo that anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm.


regulation of photomorphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.


name: negative regulation of photomorphogenesis

description: Any process that stops, reduces or prevents photomorphogenesis.


post-embryonic root morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic root are generated and organized. The post-embryonic root is the root formed after the embryonic phase has been completed.


lateral root morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a lateral root are generated and organized. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


stomatal complex morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the stomatal complex are generated and organized. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


name: regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.


name: negative regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops or prevents ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.


name: cellular response to iron ion starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions.


regulation of photosynthesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis.


name: regulation of photosynthesis, dark reaction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis dark reaction.


glyoxysome organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the glyoxysome. A glyoxysome is a microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway.


name: regulation of systemic acquired resistance

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


name: negative regulation of systemic acquired resistance

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


response to red light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


name: regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.


name: positive regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.


photoprotection

description: Protection mechanism used by plants and cyanobacteria under conditions of excess energy absorption as a consequence of the light reactions of photosynthesis.


stomatal movement

description: The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).


regulation of stomatal movement

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal movement.


camalexin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.


name: arginine catabolic process to proline via ornithine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline, via ornithine.


name: arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.


phenylacetate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylacetate.


mycothiol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.


mycothiol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.


mycothiol-dependent detoxification

description: The chemical reactions using mycothiol to convert an alkylating agent to an S-conjugate of mycothiol. The latter is cleaved to release mercapturic acid which is excreted from the cell.


name: benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its ligation to Coenzyme A to form benzoyl-CoA, which is then broken by an aerobic or anaerobic pathway.


name: anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a alicyclic acid, in the absence of oxygen.


name: anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, which occurs in the absence of oxygen.


dhurrin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside which functions as a plant defense compound.


proline catabolic process to glutamate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate.


name: sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction

description: The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase.


ureide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.


ureide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ureide, which is the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants with the release of ammonium.


ureide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ureide, the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants, from IMP, which is synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots.


pyrimidine ribonucleotide salvage

description: The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine ribonucleosides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine ribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide salvage

description: The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis.


name: farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

description: The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols.


cutin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cutin, a waxy substance, which combined with cellulose forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.


name: pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process from pyridoxamine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from pyridoxamine.


fructan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


fructan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructan a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


fructan catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


transpiration

description: Release of water by the plant into the air as water vapor mainly through leaves.


leaf senescence

description: The last stage of leaf development during which programmed degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling take place.


chloroplast elongation

description: Expansion of the chloroplast that usually precedes division.


pollen maturation

description: The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains.


fruit development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.


regulation of proton transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to chlorate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.


abaxial cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an abaxial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


specification of animal organ position

description: The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which animal organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new animal organ.


formation of animal organ boundary

description: The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


red light signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


seed dormancy process

description: A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors.


response to cesium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.


response to X-ray

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


wax metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving wax, a compound containing C16 and C18 fatty acids.


response to nitrate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


ER body

description: A novel compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.


thioglucosidase complex

description: A large (200-800 kDa) multiprotein complex formed by 70-kDa and 5-kDa myrosinases, myrosinase- binding proteins (MBPs), MBP-related proteins and myrosinase-associated proteins. The complex has been identified in Brassica napus seeds.


description: Complex that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and ATP. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits (small and large). In bacteria, the enzyme complex is composed of four identical subunits.


body morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized.


embryonic body morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized.


name: nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, against a concentration gradient

description: Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, up a concentration gradient.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = 2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalic-acid + coenzyme A + H+.


name: IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond between IAA (auxin) and the conjugated amino acid.


IAA-Ala conjugate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-alanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-alanine.


thioglucosidase binding

description: Binding to a thioglucosidase enzyme.


FMN binding

description: Binding to flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


sugar mediated signaling pathway

description: The process in which a change in the level of a mono- or disaccharide such as glucose, fructose or sucrose triggers the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


pollen tube guidance

description: The process in which the growth of pollen tube is directed towards the female gametophyte.


cytokinin transport

description: The directed movement of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of cellular defense response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.


name: positive regulation of cellular defense response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.


negative regulation of seed germination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.


response to microbial phytotoxin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microbial phytotoxin stimulus. A microbial phytotoxin is a chemical substance produced by microbes which is toxic to plants.


vitamin E biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


cytochrome b6f complex assembly

description: Formation of cytochrome b6f complex, a complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


mucilage metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.


mucilage biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.


response to ozone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.


nonphotochemical quenching

description: The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted as heat. This process helps maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.


polar nucleus fusion

description: The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.


synergid death

description: Synergid cells undergo degeneration and death in response to penetration by the pollen tube. It is an active process that involves a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.


name: organ boundary specification between lateral organs and the meristem

description: The process in which boundaries between lateral organs and the meristem is established and maintained.


response to chitin

description: A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.


name: response to continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. The activity of the high-irradiance response system is characterized by stronger effects of continuous than pulsed light at equal total fluence.


name: response to low fluence red light stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing a light level of 0.001-0.1 mmol/m2/sec.


name: response to very low fluence red light stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Very low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing light levels of less than 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


photoinhibition

description: The mechanism by which high light intensity inhibits photosynthesis through inactivation of the D1 protein of photosystem II.


photosystem II repair

description: Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition.


photosystem II assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms.


pollen wall assembly

description: The formation of reticulate pollen wall pattern consisting of two layers, exine and intine.


vacuolar sorting signal binding

description: Binding to a vacuolar sorting signal, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the vacuole.


IAA-Phe conjugate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-phenylalanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + phenylalanine.


IAA-Leu conjugate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-leucine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-leucine.


response to ionizing radiation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


non-photoreactive DNA repair

description: A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.


seed coat development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed coat over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cellulose microfibril organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose microfibril, any of the cellulose structures laid down in orthogonal layers in a plant cell wall.


response to far red light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


regulation of vernalization response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.


name: positive regulation of vernalization response

description: Any process that activates or induces the rate of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.


name: negative regulation of vernalization response

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.


stem vascular tissue pattern formation

description: Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the stem of vascular plants.


secondary shoot formation

description: The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initiating the development of lateral organs.


response to UV-B

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


response to UV-C

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


response to lithium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.


floral organ abscission

description: The controlled shedding of floral organs.


name: vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem

description: The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.


inflorescence development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


alternative respiration

description: Alternative respiration pathway consumes oxygen, oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and generates water. During electron flow, proton motive force is diminished resulting in fewer molecules of ATP compared to cytochrome pathway. The pathway is found in plants, algae and some protozoa.


maintenance of seed dormancy

description: Any process that maintains a seed in a dormant state.


vascular transport

description: The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within a cell, either in a vascular tissue or in the vascular membrane.


phloem transport

description: The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within the phloem during long distance transport between source and sink tissues.


name: anther wall tapetum cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


guard mother cell cytokinesis

description: The stereotyped symmetric cell division by which guard mother cell give rise to stomatal guard cells.


plastoquinone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of plastoquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme present in the chloroplast.


response to proline

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


chloroplast mRNA processing

description: Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs.


ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid

description: The three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene to form ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, kaurenoic acid. This process may be carried out entirely by the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase.


oxygen evolving activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The evolution of oxygen from oxidizing water is carried out by the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II of plants. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.


response to organonitrogen compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


name: response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.


radial microtubular system formation

description: Formation of radial microtubular systems during male meiotic cytokinesis in plants.


name: rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.


detection of phosphate ion

description: The series of events in which a phosphate ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


name: establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient

description: The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


auxin conjugate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxin conjugates, a bound form of auxin.


S-methylmethionine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-methyl-methionine (SMM) from methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met), catalyzed by methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT). SMM can be reconverted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.


UDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


nectary development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral nectaries over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


glucose mediated signaling pathway

description: The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


endomembrane system organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system.


NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.


name: NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NADH:plastoquinone dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones, as well as the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I.


somatic embryogenesis

description: Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes.


name: tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings.


name: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.


SCF complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the SKP1-Cullin/Cdc53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex.


response to vitamin B1

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.


ta-siRNA processing

description: A process leading to the generation of a functional trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA). ta-siRNAs function like miRNAs to guide cleavage of target mRNAs.


brassinosteroid homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of brassinosteroids within an organism or cell.


response to selenium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.


name: photosystem II oxygen evolving complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II on a thylakoid membrane. The OEC protects the calcium-4 manganese-5 oxide cluster which is bound to the D1 and CP43 proteins. The exact protein composition of the OEC varies between cyanobacteria and plants, and in plants consists of three extrinsic nuclear-encoded polypeptides: PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ.


name: regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll.


response to silver ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.


detoxification of copper ion

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ion. These include transport of copper away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of copper ion.


hydrotropism

description: Growth or movement in a sessile organism toward or away from water, as of the roots of a plant.


NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NAD(P)H or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.


phytol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phytol + CTP = phytyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.


chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: chlorophyllide a + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH + 2 O2 = chlorophyllide b + 3 H2O + 2 NADP+.


chloroplast outer membrane translocon

description: The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.


name: indole-3-acetic acid amido synthetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetic acid + an amino acid = an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate.


UDP-L-rhamnose synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + NADPH + H+ = UDP-L-rhamnose + NADP+ + H2O.


senescence-associated vacuole

description: A lytic vacuole that is maintained at acidic pH and has different tonoplast composition compared to the central vacuole. Found during leaf senescence and develops in the peripheral cytoplasm of cells that contain chloroplast.


pinoresinol reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pinoresinol + NADPH + H+ = lariciresinol + NADP+.


lariciresinol reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: lariciresinol + NADPH + H+ = secoisolariciresinol + NADP+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + L-glutamate + H2O + H+.


heat acclimation

description: Any process that increases heat tolerance of an organism in response to high temperatures.


plastoglobule

description: A lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.


response to lead ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


homogalacturonan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of (1->4)-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


name: chlorophyll catabolite transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of chlorophyll catabolites such as non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), from one side of a membrane to the other.


carotene beta-ring hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = C3-hydroxylated carotene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O. This is a general reaction to represent the C3 hydroxylation of the beta ring of a carotene.


name: GTP:GDP antiporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP(out) + GDP(in) = GTP(in) + GDP(out).


abscisic aldehyde oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = abscisate + H2O2 + H+.


name: abscisic acid glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + UDP-D-glucose = abscisic acid glucose ester + UDP.


name: (+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (+)-8'-hydroxyabscisate + H2O + NADP+.


prenylcysteine methylesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.


heteropolysaccharide binding

description: Binding to a heteropolysaccharide, a glycan composed of more than one type of monosaccharide residue.


name: dihydrocamalexic acid decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrocamalexic acid = camalexin + CO2 + H+.


detoxification of cobalt ion

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cobalt ion (Co2+). These include transport of cobalt away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cobalt ion.


xanthoxin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + xanthoxin = (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H+ + NADH.


limit dextrinase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha- and beta-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen, and in amylopectin and pullulan.


name: PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.


leaf vascular tissue pattern formation

description: Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the leaf of vascular plants.


name: rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.


name: acetylglutamate kinase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of acetylglutamate kinase.


name: acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylthio)propanoate + CO + formate.


name: acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + formate + H+.


name: regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.


lateral root formation

description: The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


detoxification of zinc ion

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of zinc ion. These include transport of zinc away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of zinc ion.


phytochrome binding

description: Binding to a phytochrome.


description: Binding to phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 5' position.


auxin export across the plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of auxins from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


description: Heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate into D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


name: pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, alpha-subunit complex

description: Refers to the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.


name: pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, beta-subunit complex

description: Refers to the beta subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.


stromule

description: Thin filamentous structure extending from the surface of all plastid types examined so far, including chloroplast, proplastid, etioplast, leucoplast, amyloplast, and chromoplast. In general, stromules are more abundant in tissues containing non-green plastids, and in cells containing smaller plastids. The primary function of stromules is still unresolved, although the presence of stromules markedly increases the plastid surface area, potentially increasing transport to and from the cytosol. Other functions of stromules, such as transfer of macromolecules between plastids and starch granule formation in cereal endosperm, may be restricted to particular tissues and cell types.


regulation of vegetative phase change

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vegetative phase change. Vegetative phase change is the set of post-embryonic processes involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


name: regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).


name: negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).


membrane invagination

description: The infolding of a membrane.


name: raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs, such as raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and other molecules with a higher degree of galactosyl polymerization).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: methionine + a 2-oxo acid = 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + an amino acid.


name: acetyl CoA:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol = CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate.


name: auxin influx transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, into a cell.


name: auxin efflux transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, out of a cell.


cellulose synthase complex

description: A large, multimeric protein complex, organized in a rosette, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant cell wall.


gibberellin binding

description: Binding to a gibberellin, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


response to gamma radiation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.


terpene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units.


sesquiterpene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = a sesquiterpene + diphosphate. Sesquiterpenes are terpenes containing three isoprene units, i.e. 15 carbons.


response to non-ionic osmotic stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.


gibberellic acid homeostasis

description: Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of gibberellic acid; may involve transport, biosynthesis, catabolism or conjugation.


name: regulation of salicylic acid metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving salicylic acid.


leaf formation

description: The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


external side of cell wall

description: The side of the cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents.


carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a gibberellin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a gibberellin methyl ester.


endosperm cellularization

description: The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization.


name: singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death

description: Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


seed oilbody biogenesis

description: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a seed oilbody. Seed oilbodies are simple organelles comprising a matrix of triglyceride surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded and covered with unique proteins called oleosins. Seed oilbodies supply the energy requirements for the growth of the seedling after germination.


suberin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols.


shoot axis formation

description: The process that gives rise to a shoot axis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate.


name: lithium:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Li+(in) + H+(out) = Li+(out) + H+(in).


L-galactose dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.


name: cellular response to magnesium starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.


lithium ion transport

description: The directed movement of lithium ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: lithium ion export across the plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of lithium ion out of a cell or organelle.


response to trehalose

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to homogentisic acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + farnesyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-farnesylplastoquinol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H+ + homogentisate = 6-geranylgeranyl-2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol + CO2 + diphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + H+ + homogentisate = 2-methyl-6-all-trans-nonaprenylbenzene-1,4-diol + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone is also known as 2-methyl-6-solanesylplastoquinol and all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate as solanesyl diphosphate.


leaf shaping

description: The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed.


regulation of anion channel activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


name: negative regulation of anion channel activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


name: regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

description: Any process in which blue light modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


name: negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

description: Any process in which blue light stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


name: regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

description: Any endogenous process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the plant hypersensitive response.


name: regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.


name: positive regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.


name: negative regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.


extracellular isoamylase complex

description: A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space.


chloroplast isoamylase complex

description: A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in plants are intracellular and probably chloroplast localized.


chromocenter

description: A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions from more than one chromosomes form a compact structure.


perinucleolar chromocenter

description: A chromocenter adjacent to the nucleolus.


name: regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.


name: positive regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.


name: negative regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.


stomatal complex development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatal complex over time from its formation to the mature structure. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


stomatal complex patterning

description: The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


stomatal complex formation

description: The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


guard cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.


name: temperature compensation of the circadian clock

description: The process in which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms.


phaseic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phaseic acid (PA), a catabolite of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA).


name: regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.


description: The attachment of a peroxisome to a chloroplast via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


name: cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides.


name: cell wall proteoglycan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall peptidoglycan, a group of glycoproteins that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


double-stranded methylated DNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded methylated DNA. Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.


COP9 signalosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a COP9 signalosome.


name: regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

description: Any signaling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


glucomannan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-glucose as single side-units.


galactoglucomannan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactoglucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) decorated with a mixture of D-glucose and D-galactose side-units.


galacturonan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonan, a pectin polymer containing a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.


homogalacturonan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


rhamnogalacturonan I metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.


rhamnogalacturonan II metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5-10KDa) pectic polysaccharide. The backbone of RG-II contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.


apiogalacturonan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectic apiogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted with apiose and apiobiose (D-apiofuranosyl-beta-(1->3)-D-apiose) side chains via O-2 or O-3 links.


xylogalacturonan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues.


name: rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->2)-linked B-galacturonic acid residues of the rhamnogalacturonan I backbone.


name: rhamnogalacturonan I side chain metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of the pectin, rhamnogalacturonan I.


pectic galactan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactan, a polymer of D-galactosyl units that can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.


pectic arabinan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinan, a polymer with an alpha-(1->5)-linked L-arabinofuranose (Araf) backbone that can be substituted with Araf-alpha-(1->2)-, Araf-alpha-(1->3)-, and/or Araf-alpha-(1->3)-Araf-alpha-(1->3)-side chains. Arabinan can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.


name: pectic arabinogalactan I metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinogalactan I, an alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galactopyranose backbone that is substituted with alpha-l-Araf residues via the O-3 of the D-galactose residues. Arabinogalactan I can be found as a side chain of rhamnogalacturonan I.


name: cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


name: arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.


name: classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein containing Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly as the major amino acid constituents, and the C-terminus is GPI anchored.


name: non-classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein where other amino acids besides Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly can be present and grouped into regions, such as a Cys-rich or Asn-rich domains.


name: fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain.


extensin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.


hemicellulose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.


xyloglucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


mannan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannan, a group of polysaccharides containing a backbone composed of a polymer of D-mannose units.


glucuronoxylan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units.


glucuronoarabinoxylan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid and arabinose side units.


unsubstituted mannan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.


name: arabinoxylan-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an arabinoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with arabinose side units.


glucuronoxylan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues.


name: rhamnogalacturonan II backbone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the backbone structure of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. The back bone contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.


name: rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. A number of structurally distinct di- and oligosaccharides can be attached to the C-3 and C-2 of the backbone, respectively.


name: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


name: hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

description: Programmed cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


name: regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.


name: negative regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.


abscisic acid binding

description: Binding to abscisic acid, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


methyl-CpNpG binding

description: Binding to a methylated cytosine/unspecified/guanine trinucleotide.


methyl-CpNpN binding

description: Binding to a methylated cytosine/unspecified/unspecified trinucleotide.


fatty acid omega-oxidation

description: A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation.


seed maturation

description: A process in seed development that occurs after embryogenesis by which a quiescent state is established in a seed. Seed maturation is characterized by storage compound accumulation, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, growth arrest and the entry into a dormancy period of variable length that is broken upon germination.


bract development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


bract morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of a bract are generated and organized. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


bract formation

description: The process that gives rise to a bract. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


carotenoid dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.


name: 9,10 (9', 10')-carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids at the (9, 10) and/or (9', 10') double bond.


cellular response to sulfur starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.


name: regulation of glucosinolate biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


stomatal lineage progression

description: The process in which an unspecialized epidermal cell progresses through a series of divisions that culminate in the production of a stomatal complex.


guard cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the guard cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


guard cell morphogenesis

description: Generation and organization of the polarized cell that is capable of turgor driven movement.


meristemoid mother cell division

description: The asymmetric cell division by which a meristemoid mother cells (MMC) give rise to a meristemoid and another cell. The other cell may itself become a MMC or may generate an epidermal cell. Any cell that undergoes this type of division is a MMC.


guard mother cell differentiation

description: The process in which a meristemoid acquires the specialized features of a guard mother cell.


nuclear dicing body

description: A small round nuclear body, measuring 0.2-0.8 microns in diameter that is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Several proteins known to be involved in miRNA processing have been localized to these structures. D-bodies are thought to be involved in primary-miRNA processing and/or storage/assembly of miRNA processing complexes.


response to alkaline pH

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


response to acidic pH

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


vegetative meristem growth

description: The increase in size or mass of a vegetative meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into lateral organ primordia.


root meristem growth

description: The increase in size or mass of a root meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant root which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into the growth of the root.


inflorescence meristem growth

description: The increase in size or mass of an inflorescence meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which produces small leaves and then floral meristems, which will give rise to flowers.


floral meristem growth

description: The increase in size or mass of a floral meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant that gives rise to a flower.