milbemectin

Mixture of 70% of milbemycin A4 and 30% of milbemycin A3.


chlorocarbon

Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.


HEXACHLOROETHANE

A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane in which all the hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.


emamectin

A mixture of emamectin B1a (major component) and emamectin B1b (minor component).


HYDROPRENE

The ethyl ester of (2E,4E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoic acid


alpha-farnesene

A farnesene that is 1,3,6,10-tetraene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 respectively.


farnesene

A sesquiterpene that is any of the four possible isomers of 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene (alpha-farnesene) or of the two possible isomers of 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene.


(Z,E)-alpha-farnesene

The (Z,E)-stereoiosmer of alpha-farnesene.


(Z,Z)-alpha-farnesene

The (Z,Z)-stereoisomer of alpha-farnesene


alpha,beta-trehalose

A trehalose in which one of the glucose residues has alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon, while the other has alpha-configuration.


beta,beta-trehalose

A trehalose in which both glucose residues have beta-configuration at the anomeric carbon.


NONADECANOIC ACID

A C19 straight-chain fatty acid of plant or bacterial origin. An intermediate in the biodegradation of n-icosane, it has been shown to inhibit cancer growth.


HENEICOSANOIC ACID

A long-chain fatty acid that is henicosane in which one of the methyl groups has been oxidised to give the corresponding carboxylic acid.


isopentadecanoic acid

A branched-chain saturated fatty acid comprising tetradecanoic (myristic) acid substituted at position 13 by a methyl group.


12-methyltetradecanoic acid

A branched-chain saturated fatty acid comprising tetradecanoic acid carrying a 12-methyl substituent.


DIPHENYLETHER

An aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla.


PYRIPROXYFEN

An aromatic ether that consists of propylene glycol having a 2-pyridyl group at the O-1 position and a 4-phenoxyphenyl group at the O-3 position.


azatetracycloalkane

Any organic heterotetracyclic compound where at least one of the specified hetero atoms is nitrogen.


oxatetracycloalkane

Any organic heterotetracyclic compound where at least one of the specified hetero atoms is oxygen.


BROMOMETHANE

A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.


bromomethanes

A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by bromine.


halomethane

A haloalkane that is methane in which one (or more) of the hydrogens have been replaced by a halogen atom/halogen atoms.


fluoromethanes

A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by fluorine.


IODOMETHANE

A member of the class of  iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.


cycloprothrin

A carboxylic ester having 2,2-dichloro-1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid as the acid component and hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile as the alcohol component.


iodomethanes

A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by iodine.


chloropicrin

A C-nitro compound that is nitromethane in which all three hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It is a severe irritant, and can cause immediate, severe inflammation of the eyes, nose and throat, and significant injuries to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Formerly stockpiled as a chemical warfare agent, it has been widely used in the US as a soil fumigant, particularly for strawberry crops. It is not approved for use within the European Union.


VERTINE

A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from the flowering plant Heimia salicifolia and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.


cryolite

A mineral originally discovered in Greenland (first described 1799). The name is derived from the Greek kapparhoupsilonomicronsigma (frost) and lambdaiotathetaomicronsigma (stone).


FLONICAMID

A pyridinecarboxamide that is  nicotinamide substituted by a trifluoromethyl group at position 4 and a cyanomethyl group at the carbamoyl nitrogen atom.


thiourea insecticide

Any organosulfur insecticide that contains a thiourea moiety.


thiourea acaricide

Any organosulfur acaracide that contains a thiourea moiety.


diafenthiuron

An aromatic ether that is 1,3-diisopropyl-5-phenoxybenzene in which the hydrogen atom at position 2 is substituted by a (tert-butylcarbamothioyl)nitrilo group. An agricultural proinsecticide which is used to control mites, aphids and whitefly in cotton.


CRYPTOLEPINE

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.


PYMETROZINE

A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a (pyridin-3-ylmethylidene)amino group at position 4.


beta-cyfluthrin

A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the enantiomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-cis-(alphaR)-cyfluthrin in ratio 1:2 with the enantiomeric pair (1R)-trans-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cyfluthrin.


CLOFENTEZINE

A tetrazine that is 1,2,4,5-tetrazine in which both of the hydrogens have been replaced by o-chlorophenyl groups.


An organofluorine compound consisting of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid having a 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl group at the 3-position and two methyl groups at the 2-position.


CRYPTOPLEURINE

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is (14aR)-11,12,13,14,14a,15-hexahydro-9H-dibenzo[f,h]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinoline substituted at positions 2, 3 and 6 by methoxy groups.


lambda-cyhalothrin

Reaction product comprising equal quantities of CHEBI:39323 and CHEBI:39327.


TETRADIFON

A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorine at position 4, while the other is substituted by a chlorine at positions 2, 4, and 5.


alpha-cypermethrin

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-cis-(alphaR)-cypermethrin.


beta-cypermethrin

A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the enantiomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-cis-(alphaR)-cypermethrin in ratio approximately 2:3 with the enantiomeric pair (1S)-trans-(alphaR)- and (1R)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin.


theta-cypermethrin

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (1S)-trans-(alphaR)- and (1R)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin.


zeta-cypermethrin

A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.


An organobromine compound consisting of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid having a 2,2-dibromovinyl group at the 3-position and two methyl groups at the 2-position.


2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid

A monocarboxylic acid consisting of isovaleric acid having a 4-chlorophenyl group at the 2-position.


CHLORFENAPYR

A member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests.


ETOFENPROX

An aromatic ether that is the 3-phenoxybenzyl ether of 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol.


DINITRO CRESOL

A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.


dinitrophenol

Members of the class of  nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.


FENPROPATHRIN

A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between  2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.


A monocarboxylic acid consisting of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid having four methyl substituents.


mononitrophenol

A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.


TAU-FLUVALINATE

The (2R) diastereomers of fluvalinate. A synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, it is used to control varroa mites in honey bee colonies.


halfenprox

An aromatic ether the is the 3-phenoxybenzyl ether of 2-(4-difluorobromomethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanol.


FLUAZURON

An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a 3,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-chloro-3-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl group. It is used to control ticks in cattle.


3,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl group are replaced by chlorines.


(E)-buprofezin

A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has E configuration.


BUPROFEZIN

A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has Z configuration.


HEXAFLUMURON

An N-acylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hycrogen attached to the other nitorgen is replaced by a 3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl group.


TEFLUBENZURON

A N-acylurea that is N-carbamoyl-2,6-difluorobenzamide substituted by a 3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorophenyl group at the terminal nitrogen atom.


imiprothrin

Mixture of 20% (1R)-cis- (CHEBI:39372) and 80% (1R)-trans- (CHEBI:39373) isomers.


felinine

A cysteine thioether that is the S-(4-hydroxy-2-methylbutan-2-yl) derivative of L-cysteine. It is a major component of the urine of the domestic cat.


kadethrin

A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(E)-(2-oxodihydrothiophen-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of (5-benzylfuran-3-yl)methanol. It is a pyrethroid ester insecticide used for the control of household pests, particularly houseflies, mosquitoes and cockroaches.


SILAFLUOFEN

An organosilicon compound that is dimethylsilane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the silicon is replaced by a 4-ethoxyphenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)propyl group. It is an insecticide used to control soil-borne insects.


An organosilicon compound that is phenol substituted by a trimethylsilyl group at position 4.


TEFLUTHRIN

A 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate in which both of the stereocentres have R configuration.


tralomethrin

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between (1R)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrabromoethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of (2S)-hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.


A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.15 at 20 degreeC.


tertiary amide

A derivative of three oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which three acyl groups are attached to the amino group.


cucurbitacin B

A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23; a hydroxy function at C-25 is acetylated.


Any compound with a 1,2,4-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 2 and 4 of the core benzene ring structure.


N-benzoylurea

An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a benzoyl group.


branched-chain saturated fatty acid

Any saturated fatty acid with a carbon side-chain or isopropyl termination.


straight-chain saturated fatty acid

Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain.


perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid

A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.


heptafluorobutyric anhydride

An acyclic carboxylic anhydride that is perfluorinated butyric anhydride. It is used as a derivatising reagent for gas chromatographic analyses.


pentafluorobenzoyl chloride

The acid chloride of pentafluorobenzoic acid.  It is a sensitive derivatising reagent for the analysis of amines, amides and phenols by electron capture gas chromatography.


perfluorobutyric acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated butyric acid.


perflexane

A fluoroalkane that is hexane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.


perflenapent

A fluorocarbon that is pentane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.


hexafluoroacetone

A  ketone that is acetone in which all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by fluoro groups.


CUCURBITACIN D

A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23.


limonoid

Any triterpenoid that is highly oxygenated and has a prototypical structure either containing or derived from a precursor with a 4,4,8-trimethyl-17-furanylsteroid skeleton. The term 'limonoid' comes from limonin, the first tetranortriterpenoid obtained from citrus bitter principles.


chromenol

Any chromene carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


tocol

A chromanol with a chroman-6-ol skeleton that is substituted at position 2 by a saturated or triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units.


benzoquinone

The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.


CUCURBITACIN E

A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 1, 5 and 23.


diazo compound

Compounds containing a group =N2 attached to a single carbon atom. They are named by adding the prefix 'diazo-' to the name of the parent hydride or functional parent.


pyrimidines

Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure.


2-undecenoic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 2-position.


trans-undec-2-enoic acid

A 2-undecenoic acid in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration.


trans-9-undecenoic acid

The trans-isomer of 9-undecenoic acid.


9-undecenoic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 9-position.


cis-9-undecenoic acid

The cis-isomer of 9-undecenoic acid.


timolol

1,2,5-Thiadiazole substituted at the 3 position by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group and at the 4 position by a morpholin-4-yl group. The (S)-(-) enantiomer, also known as timolol, is a beta-adrenergic antagonist and is used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.


(R)-timolol

The (R)-(+) (less active) enantiomer of timolol.


CUCURBITACIN I

A  cucurbitacin that is 9,10,14-trimethyl-4,9-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-2,5,23-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 16, 20 and 25 and oxo groups at positions 1, 11 and 22.


An alpha-D-GalpA-(1->4)-D-GalpA(2-) in which both galacturonate units have alpha-D configuration.


polyazaalkane

Any azaalkane in which two or more carbons in the chain are replaced by nitrogen.


aminoxyls

Radicals derived from hydroxylamines by removal of the hydrogen atom from the hydroxy group. The synonymous terms nitroxyl radicals and nitroxides erroneously suggest the presence of a nitro group.


BUTADIENE

A  butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.


cucurbitacin J

A  cucurbitacin that is 9,10,14-trimethyl-4,9-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-2,5-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 16, 20, 24 and 25 and oxo groups at positions 1, 11 and 22.


CHLOROPRENE

A macromolecule composed of repeating (2Z)-2-chlorobut-2-ene-1,4-diyl units.


chloroolefin

A chlorohydrocarbon carrying one or more chloro groups at unspecified positions.


trientine

A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.


A pyrazolopyrimidine that is alloxanthine which is substituted at positions 2, 3, 5, and 7 by 1-naphthylmethyl, 4-pyridyl, methyl, and isobutyl groups, respectively.


COMPACTIN

A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is 1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene which is substituted by a (3R,5R)-6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhexyl group at position 1, a methyl group at position 2, and a (2S)-2-methylbutanoyloxy group at position 8 (the 1S,2S,8S,8aR isomer). Lactonisation of the hydroxy-carboxylic acid chain at position 1 affords mevastatin.


PALMITOYL GLYCINE

An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).


DEXTROCARNITINE

A carnitinium that is the conjugate acid of (R)-carnitine.


atorvastatin

A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is a member of the drug class known as statins, used primarily for lowering blood cholesterol and for preventing cardiovascular diseases.


An N-acylpyrrolidine resulting from the formal condensation of the pyrrolidine nitrogen of (2R,3S)-2-[(2S)-(2-carboxy)isobutyl-3-(methylsulfonylamino)pyrrolidine with the carboxylic acid group of 2-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid.


name: tetratriacontaethylene glycol monomethyl ether

description: The hydroxypolyether that is tetratriacontaethylene glycol in which one of the hydroxy groups is substituted by methoxy.


cetrimonium

A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.


12-hydroxylauric acid

A medium-chain fatty acid that is the 12-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid.


An azetidinecarboxylic acid that consists of 4-oxoazetidine-2-carboxylic acid bearing tert-butylcarbamoyl)piperazin-1-ylcarbonyl and 3-guanidinopropyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively.


The (R)-enantiomer of 13-HPODE


A benzyl ether that consists of acyclouridine bearing a 3-(benzyloxy)benzyl substituent at position 5.


carbidopa

3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.


(R)-BICALUTAMIDE

A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.


CUPRESSUFLAVONE

A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities.


A deoxygalactose derivative that is beta-D-galactose in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been replaced by an amino group.


A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.


curcumin

A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.


A pyrimidone that is cytosine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group.


A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the 3-oxo group of L-topaquinone with the amino group of 2-phenylethylamine.


diflunisal

An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.


METSULFURON-METHYL

A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.


A 4-(carboxymethyl)phenylalanine that has L-configuration.


8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid

A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.


A hydroxytoluene that is phenol substituted by amino and methyl groups at positions 2 and 4, respectively. It is a metabolite of disperse yellow 3.


An aminopyrimidine that is 2-amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted by an ethoxycarbonyl group.


A carboxylic ester that results from the formal condensation between caprylic acid and the hydroxy group at position 6 of the glucosyl residue of sucrose.


An N-{5-[2-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene}hydroxylamine in which the oxime group has Z configuration.


dihydrogenphosphate

A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated.


A thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid that is  1,3-thiazolidine substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a carboxy group at position 4 (the 4R stereoisomer).


CYANIN

An anthocyanin cation that is cyanidin(1+) carrying two beta-D-glucosyl residues at positions 3 and 5.


A zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the nitrogen of 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid; major species at pH 7.3.


An iodoarene that is 2-methylbenzene substituted by an iodo group at position 1.


A member of the class of  phenols that is phenol carrying an allyl group at position 2.


methoxyethane

An ether that is the methyl ether derivative of ethanol.


A member of the class of  phenols that is phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 4.


An aminopyrimidine in which a pyrimidine core carries amino substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6.


An imine that is L-tyrosine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 2 as well as a (2-phenylethylidene)amino substituent at position 5.


valproic acid

A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.


PROPYLAMINE

A member of the class of  alkylamines that is propane substituted by an amino group at C-1.


A 3'-deoxyribonucleoside having guanine as the nucleobase.


A catechol bearing an additional fluoro substituent at position 3.


cyclandelate

The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.


A tripeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valine with the amino group of benzyl (2E,4S)-4-(L-leucylamino)-5-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-2-enoate. It is an inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.


A  primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 3- and 4-positions are replaced by methyl groups. A low-melting, crystalline solid, it is used in the production of vitamin B2, dyes, pesticides and other chemicals.


3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5.


A substituted diphenylfuran in which two amino[(1-methylbutyl)amino]methyl substituents are located at the two para-positions on the phenyl rings.


A methylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 3.


An apo carotenoid triterpenoid compound consisting of 8'-apo-beta-carotene having a hydroxy group at the 8'-position and an (R)-hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.


A mononitrotoluene carrying a nitro group at position 3.


An oct-1-en-3-ol that has R-configuration.


An optically active form of 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion that has (R)-configuration.


cyclizine

An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.


DIHYDROCINNAMALDEHYDE

A benzene which is substituted by a 3-oxopropyl group at position 1.


An N-acylpyrrolidine that is the pyrrolidine amide of (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-{3-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}butanoic acid.


A triazolopyrazine that is a rigid cyclohexylamine analogue of sitagliptin.


cyclobenzaprine

5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.


3-hydroxyglutaric acid

A 3 hydroxy carboxylic acid that is glutaric acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a diagnostic marker for glutaric aciduria type I.


A pyrimidone that is cytosine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is substituted by a methyl group.


(+)-pinoresinol

An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration.


D-cycloserine

A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and  D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).


tiratricol

A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.


Imidazole substituted at position 4 by a methyl group.


AMITROLE

A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.


A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.


An optically active form of 4-hydroxytryptophan having L-configuration.


A nucleoside pentaphosphate that is adenosine in which a hexahydrogen pentaphosphate is attached at the 5' position.


5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having 5-fluorouracil as the pyrimidine component.


4-(2-thienyl)butyric acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 2-thienyl group at position 4.


ACETIC ACID PROPYL ESTER

An  acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of acetic acid with propanol.


5-PHENYLVALERIC ACID

A monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid substituted by a phenyl group at the delta-position.


(-)-ROLIPRAM

The (R)-enantiomer of rolipram.


A pyrimidone that is uracil in which positions 1, 5, and 6 are substituted by ethoxymethyl, isopropyl, and phenylsulfanyl groups, respectively.


An organofluorine compound that is uridine bearing a fluoro substituent at position 5 on the uracil ring.


The purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is AMP monomethylated on N(6).


A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted by a methyl group.


A member of the class of 2,6-diaminopurines that is 9H-purine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups.


sitagliptin

A  triazolopyrazine that exhibits  hypoglycemic activity.


cyclopentolate

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)(phenyl)acetic acid with N,N-dimethylethanolamine. A tertiary amine antimuscarinic with actions similar to atropine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis  of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.


cyclopentolate hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of cyclopentolate. It is used to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.


Flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in which the hydrogen at position 6 of the benzo[g]pteridinedione moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group.


colfosceril palmitate

A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) in which both acyl groups are palmitoyl.


cyclophosphamide

A phosphorodiamide that is 1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide substituted by two 2-chloroethyl groups at the amino nitrogen atom.


Purine bearing a methyl substituent at position 6.


allopurinol

A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.


A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-fluorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carbonitrile.


lovastatin

A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).


Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.


cyclosporin A

A cyclic nonribosomal peptide of eleven amino acids; an immunosuppressant drug widely used in post-allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system, and therefore the risk of organ rejection. Also causes reversible inhibition of immunocompetent lymphocytes in the G0- and G1-phase of the cell cycle.


A 17-membered macrocyclic lactam that incorporates a phenol and a substituted indole moiety. It includes a R-hydroxy group at position 11 and a (3-methyl-2-oxopentanoyl)amino group at position at position 18 with a S-methyl group. It acts as a proteasome inhibitor and is obtained from Apiospora montagnei Sacc. TC 1093, isolated from a soil sample.


cycloxydim

A beta-diketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione which is substituted at position 2 by an N-ethoxybutanimidoyl group and at position 5 by a tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl group. A systemic herbicide effective against grasses, it is used in the cultivation of a variety of crops, including oil seed rape and potatoes.


cyfluthrin

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and (4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetonitrile.


CYHALOTHRIN

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.


N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine

An N-acetyl-D-galactosamine having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


A 2',3'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is AMP in which the hydroxy groups at the 2' and 3' positions have been converted into the corresponding cyclic phosphate.


A 2-polyprenylphenol in which the polyprenyl chain contains 8 prenyl units; major species at pH 7.3.


ACETURIC ACID

An N-acylglycine where the acyl group is specified as acetyl.


A C-nitro compound that is the N-(4-nitrobenzyl),N-phosphonomethyl derivative of 5-aminovaleric acid.


cypermethrin

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.


beta-D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

An D-arabinose 5-phosphate that is beta-D-arabinofuranose attached to a phosphate group at position 5.


(4-nitrophenyl)acetic acid

A member of the class of phenylacetic acids that is phenylacetic acid in which the phenyl grup is substituted at the para- position by a nitro group.


A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 2,7-phenanthroline substituted at position 9 by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.


ANTHRAQUINONE

An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.


CYPRODINIL

A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees.


cyproheptadine

The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.


2'-O-methyladenosine 5'-monophosphate

A adenosine 5'-phosphate that is the 2'-O-methyl derivative of adenosine 5'-monophosphate.


L-cysteinylglycine

A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.


L-arginine amide(1+)

A guanidinium ion resulting from the protonation of the guanidinyl group of L-arginine amide.


ertapenem

Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal  and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.


2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid

L-Norleucine substituted at C-6 with a borono group.


N(alpha)-acetyl-L-arginine

An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is L-arginine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an acetyl group.


CANAVANINE

L-Canavanine in zwitterionic form.


Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-9.


L-Norleucinate substituted at C-6 with a borono group.


BENZYLAMINE

A primary amine compound having benzyl as the N-substituent. It has been isolated from  Moringa oleifera (horseradish tree).


CYCLOLEUCINE

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.


cytisine

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking.


DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER

A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.


acetyl group

A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.


A alpha-D-GalpA-(1->4)-D-GalpA in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha- configuration.


ALFADEX

A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.


An  aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with acetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups.


FRUCTOSE 1,6-DIPHOSPHATE

A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


The anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of cerivastatin.


The cation obtained by protonation of the imine nitrogen of (5S)-5-methyl-L-arginine.


aminoguanidine

A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.


A 6-{4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-N-(1-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which adopts an R-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of human EGFR, VEGFR and HER2 receptor tyrosine kinases and exhibits anticancer and antiangiogenic activity.


An organic anion that is a borate diester derived from a furanose and acts a universal signal molecule mediating intra- and interspecies communication among bacteria.


beta-D-allose

A D-allopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid

An anhydrohexose derivative that is the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.


3-(10-methyl-9-anthryl)propanoic acid

Anthracene substituted at C-9 by a propionic acid group and at C-10 by a methyl group.


L-2-aminoheptanoic acid

An optically active form of 2-aminoheptanoic acid having L-configuration.


anthramycin

A member of the class of pyrrolobenzodiazepines that is (11aS)-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine substituted at positions 2, 5, 8, 9 and 11R by a (1E)-3-amino-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl, oxo, methyl, hydroxy and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is a natural product isolated from Streptomyces refuineus subsp. thermotolerans.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines.


adenosine 5'-monophosphate(1+)

An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) obtained by selective protonation at position N1 on the purine moiety.


(R)-(1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid

An optically active phosphonic acid having a 1-aminoethyl group attached to the phosphorus.


A  substituted aniline that is a benzene ring substituted with an amino group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4.


(+)-adrenaline

The S-enantiomer of adrenaline.


A member of the class of  cyclohexenones that is cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 4, 5 and 6 (the 4R,5S,6R-stereoisomer).


AMINOTHIAZOLE

A  primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.


ANDROSTENEDONE

A steroid that consists of androstane having double bonds at positions 1 and 4 and two keto groups at positions 3 and 17.


A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 5-positions.


p-ANISIC ACID

A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4.


arformoterol

An N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide in which both of the stereocentres have R configuration. The active enantiomer of formoterol, it is administered by inhalation (generally as the tartrate salt) as a direct-acting sympathomimetic and  bronchodilator for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (any progressive respiratory disease that makes it harder to breathe over time, such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema).


aldehydo-D-allose

A D-allose in open-chain form.


aminooxyacetic acid

A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.


D-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid

A 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid having D-configuration.


ALIZARIN RED

A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone compound carrying an additional sulfo substituent at the 3-position. The monosodium salt is the biological stain 'alizarin red S'.


beta-L-arabinopyranose

A L-arabinopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


A 1,3-thiazole that is 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.


A galactotriose composed of three beta-D-galactopyranose units joined by (1->4)-linkages.


AZOXYSTROBIN

An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine  skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.


axerophthene

A diterpene that is cyclohexene substituted by a (1Z,3E,5E,7E)-3,7-dimethylnona-1,3,5,7-tetraen-1-yl group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 1,3 and 3. It is the parent hydrocarbon on which Vitamin A and other retinoids are based.


ETHYL HYDROGEN PHOSPHONATE

A phosphonic ester that is the monoethyl ester of phosphonic acid.  A fungicide used (as its aluminium salt) for various horticultural crops used to control a range of diseases including Phytophthora, Pythium and Plasmopara.


D-ALLOSE

The D-enantiomer of allopyranose.


(S)-3-aminoadipic acid

An optically active form of 3-aminoadipic acid having (S)-configuration.


An N-methylated dihydro acridine carrying carbonitrile and N-carboxyethylcarbamoyl substituents at C-9.


bis-tris propane

A water-soluble buffer substance used for the preparation of the biochemical and biological buffer solutions; pKa = 6.8 at 20 degreeC.


doramapimod

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is an immunomodulator used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis.


A  bicine that is a Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.35 at 20 degreeC.


ASTAXANTHIN

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.


N-acetyl-L-alanine

An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an acetyl group.


(+)-piperitone

The (6S)-enantiomer of  piperitone.


THERACYS

A  benzoate ester metabolite of cocaine formed by hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, catalysed by carboxylesterases.


beta-D-fructopyranose

A D-fructopyranose in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


(3R)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutanoic acid

A beta-amino acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 4.


(3S)-3,7-diaminoheptanoic acid

A diamino acid that is heptanoic acid substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively (the 3S stereoisomer).


benzamidine

A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.


A beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactopyranose with a beta-configuration at the reducing-end anomeric centre.


A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl group at position 1 and a benzyl group at position 5.


BENFOTIAMINE

A thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and O-phospohorylation.


butyrylthiocholine

A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of butyric acid with the thiol group of thiocholine. It is used as a reagent for determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity.


MELLITIC ACID

A benzene-derived hexacarboxylic acid in which each carbon of benzene carries a carboxy substituent.


cathine

An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1S,2S-stereoisomer).


A member of the class of  hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5.


CATHINONE

The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.


An amino sugar that is alpha-D-glucose in which the 2 and 6-hydroxy groups are replaced by amino groups.


N-ACETYLMANNOSAMINE

An N-acetylmannosamine having pyranose form and alpha-D-configuration.


octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside

An beta-D-glucoside in which the anomeric hydrogen of beta-D-glucopyranose is substituted by an octyl group.


CROTONIC ACID

A but-2-enoic acid with a trans- double bond at C-2. It has been isolated from Daucus carota.


A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-phenoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of (pyridin-2-yl)methylamine.


BETAINE

A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are methyl (three) and carboxymethyl.


4-methyl-2-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid

A pyrroline consisting of 2-pyrroline having methyl and carboxy substituents at positions 4 and 5 respectively.


6-oxouridine 5'-phosphate

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is the 6-oxo derivative of UMP.


D-erythrulose 4-phosphate

A ketotetrose phosphate that is D-erythrulose carrying a phosphono substituent at position O-4.


A sugar dianhydride obtained by the condensation of two units of beta-D-fructofuranose.


D-erythro-biopterin

A biopterin in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group has (1S,2R)-configuration.


A butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16degreeC) with a high boiling point (230degreeC), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).


bacteriopheophytin a

A bacteriopheophytin consisting of bacteriochlorophyll a with two hydrogen atoms replacing the magnesium centre.


PARANITROBENZYL ALCOHOL

A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol substituted at the para-position by a nitro group.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-phenylmethanamine. It is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase II.


benzyl benzoate

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.


(R)-2-benzylsuccinic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 2-benzylsuccinic acid.


bis-tris

A buffer substance useful for calibration of glass electrodes and for the preparation of the biochemical and biological buffer solutions; pKa = 6.46 at 25 degreeC.


A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.


TETRADECANE

A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms.


A furoic acid that is furan-3-carboxylic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 4, a propyl group at position 5 and a 2-carboxyethyl group at position 2. It is a potent uremic toxin that has been found to accumulate in human serum of patients with chronic kidney diseases.


D-fructofuranuronic acid

The furanose form of D-fructuronic acid.


A beta-hydroxy ketone that is butan-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.


A substituted diphenylfuran in which two N-ethylamidino substituents are located at the two para-positions on the phenyl rings.


BENZIMIDAZOLE

The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.


An N-acylpyrrolidine obtained by formal condenstion of the carboxy group of L-proline and the secondary amino group of (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid.


A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having 6-O-benzylguanine as the nucleobase.


BENZOPHENONE

The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.


DIPHENYLUREA

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the hydrogens of each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group. It is present in coconut milk (Cocos nucifera).


cholesterol sulphate

A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.


ETHYL PROPIONATE

A propanoate ester of ethanol.


A quaternary ammonium ion resulting from the addition of a methyl group to the tertiary amino group of 3-[dodecyl(methyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonic acid.


dodecyltrimethylammonium ion

A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.


butylphosphonic acid

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid having a butyl group attached to the phosphorous atom.


D-GALACTOSE

A galactopyranose having D-configuration.


CANALINE

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 is substituted by an aminooxy group. It has been isolated from legumes and plays an essential role in lugume chemical defense against insects.


D-galactopyranose 6-phosphate

The pyranose form of D-galactose 6-phosphate.


celecoxib

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, trifluoromethyl and p-tolyl groups, respectively. A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, it is used in the treatment of arthritis.


gamma-carboxy-L-glutamic acid

A  non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the gamma-hydrogens is substituted by a carboxy group.


name: cytidine 5'-phosphate 2',3'-cyclic phosphate

description: A 2',3'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide that is CMP in which the hydroxy groups at the 2' and 3' positions have been converted into the corresponding cyclic phosphate.


A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a p-iodophenyl group.


A pyrimidone that is thymine in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,3-dihydroxyisobutyl group.


phenylbutyrate

A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4.  It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.


cholesteryl linoleate

The (9Z,12Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.


octaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether

The hydroxypolyether that is octaethylene glycol in which one of the hydroxy groups is substituted by dodecyloxy.


D-galactopyranuronic acid

The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid


mecysteine

An L-cysteinyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of L-cysteine with methanol. It is used (as the hydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough.


An N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and (15Z)-tetracos-15-enoyl as the N-acyl group.


D-pipecolic acid

The D-enantiomer of pipecolic acid.


A chromanol that is chroman-6-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by p-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl, and methyl groups, respectively (the 2R,3R,4S diastereoisomer).


crotylaldehyde

An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position.


A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (pentylsulfanyl)acetic acid.


LYCOGALIC ACID A

A pyrroledicarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by indol-3-yl groups.


S-oxy-L-cysteine

A cysteine derivative consiting of L-cysteine carrying an S-oxy-substituent.


24(S), 25-epoxycholesterol

A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is desmosterol in which the double bond at position 24-25 has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the 24S diastereoisomer). It is an oxysterol agonist of the liver X receptor.


A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole carrying 1,4-benzodioxane-6-yl and 5-ethyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 4 and 5 respectively.


D-glucose

A glucopyranose having D-configuration.


A cyclohexanedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 1 and 2.


N-carboxy-L-methionine

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-methionine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group bas been replaced by a carboxy group.


glucose 6-phosphate

A glucopyranose ring with a phosphate replacing the hydroxy in the hydroxymethyl group at position 6.


S-hydroxy-L-cysteine

A cysteine derivative consisting of L-cysteine carrying an S-hydroxy-substituent.


L-cysteine-S-dioxide

A cysteine derivative consiting of L-cysteine carrying two S-oxy-substituents.


alpha-cellotriose

A cellotriose with a alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


An aryl sulfate that is 4-nitrocatechol in which the hydroxy group that is meta to the nitro group has been converted into the corresponding hydrogen sulfate. It is used (commonly as its dipotassium salt) as a chromogenic substrate for sulphatase.


beta-cellotriose

A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


D-glucosylsphingosine

A D-glucoside that is derived by formal reaction of the primary hydroxy group of sphingosine at the anomeric position of  D-glucose.


D-glucuronic acid

The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.


A substituted diphenylfuran in which two amino(cyclopropylamino)methyl substituents are located at the two para-positions on the phenyl rings.


compound 39a [PMID: 15634016]

A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted by aminomethyl and pyridy-3-yl groups at positions 2 and 5 respectively.


DECANE

A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.


4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide

An organic disulfide obtained by formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-thiopyridine.


ddTTP

A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having thymine as the nucleobase.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol where both acyl groups are specified as octadecanoyl.


SEBACIC ACID

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.


dequalinium

A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group.


dexamethasone

A fluorinated steroid that is 9-fluoropregna-1,4-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 17 and 21, a methyl group at position 16 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a synthetic member of the class of  glucocorticoids.


D-glycero-D-manno-heptose in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 7 are substituted by dihydrogen phosphate groups.


2,3-difluorobenzyl alcohol

A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol substituted by fluoro groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively.


A uronic acid that is beta-D-glucuronic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 4 and the hydrogen at position 5 have been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond between positions 4 and 5.


decylamine-N,N-dimethyl-N-oxide

A tertiary amine oxide that is the N-oxide of N,N-dimethyldecan-1-amine.


D-gulopyranose

The D-enantiomer of gulopyranose.


INDENE

An ortho-fused bicyclic arene comprising of benzene and cyclopentene rings.


diethylstilbestrol

An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.


decamethonium

A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents.


D-hexose

A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.


3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYLACETIC ACID

A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.


eflornithine

A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.


diethyl phosphonate

A phosphonic ester that is the diethyl ester of phosphonic acid.


(-)-taxifolin

The (2S,3S)-stereoisomer of taxifolin.


DIPHENYLACETIC ACID

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by two phenyl groups respectively.


An optically active tricarboxylic acid that consists of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane bearing three carboxymethyl substituents at positions 1, 4 and 7 as well as an (R)-2-hydroxypropyl group at position 10.


daunorubicin

A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.


An anthracycline cation resulting from the protonation of the amino group of 4'-epidoxorubicin.


A member of the class of pyrimidine ribonucleosides that is zebularine in which the double bond between positions 3 and 4 of the pyrimidone ring has been reduced to a single bond.


PRONUCIFERINE

An  isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Berberis coletioides.


5-CHLOROSALICYLIC ACID

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by chlorine.


A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.


DUROQUINONE

A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by methyl groups.


An L-lysine derivative with a dansyl group at the N(6)-position.


12-AMINODODECANOIC ACID

An omega-amino fatty acid that is dodecanoic acid in which one of the terminal amino hydrogens has been replaced by an amino group.


A 1,2-di-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the double bonds in each fatty acyl group are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z configuration.


A tetracarboxylic acid that is an optically active twelve-membered tetraazamacrocycle having a carboxymethyl group attached to each of the nitrogens and a 4-nitrobenzyl group at the 2-position.


2,4-dioxopentanedioic acid

An oxodicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 4.


D-mannose

D-Mannose in its six-membered ring form.


A 1,3-diazepanone ring with two 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl groups as substituents at positions N-1 and N-4, two benzyl groups at C-4 and C-7, and two hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-6 respectively.


(7R,8S)-7,8-diaminononanoic acid

The isomer of 7,8-diaminononanoic acid having (R)- and (S)- configurations at C-7 and C-8, respectively; an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of biotin. As biotin is made exclusively in plants and microorganisms, both the chemical structure and biosynthetic enzymes of DAPA are targets for the development of herbicides and antimicrobial drugs.


An amino trisaccharide consisting of alpha-L-fucose, beta-D-galactose and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residues joined by sequential (1->2)- and (1->4)-linkages.


L-threitol

The L-enantiomer of threitol.


DIGOXIGENIN

A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis.


D-norleucine

The D-enantiomer of 2-aminohexanoic acid.


D-lactic acid

An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.


A ketoaldonic acid phosphate consisting of 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid carrying a phospho substituent at position 8.


A tetracarboxylic acid that is an optically active twelve-membered tetraazamacrocycle having a carboxymethyl group attached to each of the nitrogens and a 4-substituted benzyl group at the 2-position.


A C-terminal boronic acid petide that is N-acetyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine in which the C-termnal carboxy group has been replaced by a borono (-B(OH)2) group. A thrombin (Factor IIa) inhibitor, thereby acting as an anticoagulant.


A 16alpha-hydroxy steroid that is estriol in which the hydroxy group at position 17 has been epimersied from beta- to alpha- configuration. It is a metabolite of estradiol and a selective estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) agonist.


abacavir

A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.


O-methylsalicylic acid

A  methoxybenzoic acid that is the methyl ether of salicylic acid.


CARBOVIR

The (active) (-)-enantiomer of the carbocyclic analogue of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydroguanosine.


A tetracarboxylic acid anion formed by deprotonation of all four carboxy groups in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).


L-lactic acid

An optically active form of lactic acid having (S)-configuration.


DAIDZIN

A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is  daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).


DIGITOXIGENIN

A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22).


D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate

Pantetheine 4'-phosphate with D (R) configuration at the 2' position.


EMODIN

A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.


A phosphonic acid consisting of 1-cyclopentyluracil having a phosphomethoxy group at position 2 on the cyclopentyl ring with (1R,2R)-trans-stereochemistry.


epigallocatechin

A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.


A diether that is the 1,2-dimethyl ether of ethane-1,2-diol.


EPOXOMYCIN

A tripeptide consisting of an Ile-Ile-Thr-NH2 sequence N-substituted on the threonamide amidic nitrogen with a (2S)-4-methyl-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl group and with acetyl and methyl groups on the nitrogen of the isoleucine residue distal to the threonamide; a naturally occurring selective proteasome inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity.


ETHANE

An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.


The (4R,5S)-isomer of dethiobiotin.


An oxime O-ether that is a derivative of 17beta-estradiol having an O-(carboxymethyl)oxime group at the 6-position.


A HEPES that is ethanesulfonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group. A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.55 at 20 degreeC.


erythromycin

An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.


A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by amino, (4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl, and amino groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. It is a CDK9 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.35 muM) with 38-fold selectivity for CDK9/cyclin T over other CDK/cyclin complexes.


R,R-THC

A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors.


ethyl dihydrogen phosphate

A monoalkyl phosphate epitope having ethyl as the alkyl group.


TRICOSANOIC ACID

A very long-chain fatty acid that is tricosane in which one of the methyl groups has been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


FORMANILIDE

A member of the class of  formamides that is  formamide in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group.


A tetracarboxylic acid that is chiral and consists of EDTA having a 4-[N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)thioureido]benzyl substituent at the 2-position.


A member of the class of phenols that is guaiacol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group is replaced by a vinyl group.


ethanesulfonic acid

An alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is ethyl.


forskolin

A labdane diterpenoid isolated from the Indian Coleus plant.


ethidium

The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.


iodoethane

An iodoalkane that is ethane substituted by an iodo group.


D-tagatopyranose

The pyranose form of D-tagatose.


flavone

The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.


D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

The furanose form of D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate.


PENTADECANOIC ACID

A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing fifteen-carbon atoms.


D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

The furanose form of D-tagatose 6-phosphate.


An alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)-D-GalpNAc having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.


ETHANEPEROXOIC ACID

A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.


A fluorophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a fluorine.


EPITESTOSTERONE

An androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone.


(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid

A 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid that has R configuration at position 3. It plays an intermediate role in fatty acid biosynthesis.


alpha-L-fucose

An L-fucopyranose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


An alanine derivative that is L-alanine bearing a 5-fluorouracil-1-yl substituent at position 3. A more potent and selective AMPA receptor agonist (at hGluR1 and hGluR2) than AMPA itself (Ki = 14.7, 25.1, and 1820 nM for hGluR1, hGluR2 and hGluR5 respectively).


alpha-D-fucose

A D-fucopyranose having alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


fisetin

A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3' and 4'.


A member of the class of  (trifluoromethyl)benzenes  that is p-cresol in which the methyl group is perfluorinated. It is a metabolite of the drug fluoxetine.


FENRETINIDE

A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.


beta-L-fucose

A L-fucopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


PROPIOPHENONE

An aromatic ketone in which the two substituents on the carbonyl C atom are phenyl and ethyl.


L-fucitol

The L-enantiomer of fucitol. It is found in nutmeg.


An oxazoline derivative having an oxo group at the 2-position and an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} substituent.


alpha-D-quinovopyranose

The pyranose form of D-quinovose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position .


glycyl-AMP zwitterion

A zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the glycyl amino group of glycyl-AMP; major species at pH 7.3.


propylbenzene

An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group.


flufenamic acid

An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.


γ-butyrolactone

A  butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.


FLAVIOLIN

A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone having three hydroxy substituents placed at the 2-, 5- and 7-positions.


GDP-beta-L-galactose

A GDP-L-galactose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the L-galactose fragment.


A triazole that is benzonitrile substituted by a (1S,2R)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl group at position 4.


An ammonium ion obtained by protonation of the amino group of (2R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol.


3-AMINOBENZOIC ACID

An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.


A dihydroxypyrrolidine that is 5-methylpyrrolidine-3,4-diol bearing a {[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]amino}methyl substituent at position 2.


An organofluorine compound that is beta-L-fucose in which the hydroxy group at position 2 is replaced by fluorine.


A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted at positions 1, 5, and 6 by ethoxymethyl, isopropyl, and 3,5-dimethylbenzyl groups, respectively.


alpha-D-glucuronic acid

A D-glucopyranuronic acid in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


benzylpenicilloyl-benzylamine

A monocarboxylic acid amide formed between benzylpenicillin and benzylamine.


R(-)amphetamine

A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has R configuration.


An imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.


geneticin

An aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora rhodorangea. It blocks polypeptide synthesis  by inhibiting the elongation step in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.


L-idopyranose 6-monomycolate

A monosaccharide derivative that is the 6-O-(2R,3R,23Z,33Z)-3-hydroxy-2-octyldopentaconta-23,33-dienoyl derivative of alpha-L-idopyranose


(R)-gabaculine

The (R)-enantiomer of gabaculine.


gabapentin

A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.


N-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosamine

A N-sulfo-D-glucosamine with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


(2R,4S)-2,4-diaminopentanoic acid

The (2R,4S)-diastereomer of 2,4-diaminopentanoic acid


A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by removal of a proton from both of the carboxylic acid groups of 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate.


guanidine

An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.


PUROMYCIN AMINONUCLEOSIDE

Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.


A deoxygluconolactone that results from the cyclisation and formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid with its 5-hydroxy group. It is a sex pheromone found in the urine of female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus.


A dicarboxylic acid monoamide of glutaric acid containing benzene and piperidinium moieties; a transition state analogue hapten used to elicit catalytic antibodies 5C8 and 14B9.


A thiosugar that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is replaced by a sulfanyl group


alpha-L-galactose

A L-galactopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric center.


A carbohydrate acid derivative anion that is HP_dp02_0008 [alpha-Delta4,5-UA(2S)-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcpNS] in which the carboxy, sulfamic acid, and sulfooxy groups have undergone deprotonation.


cyclohexylammonium

An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the amino group of cyclohexylamine.


A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative consisting of L-proline ortho- and peri-fused on to (3S)-3-amino-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one.


galantamine

A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.


methyl 4-aminobutanoate

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of gamma-aminobutyric acid with methanol.


A sphinganine derivative having a beta-D-glucosyl group at the 1-position and an octadecanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptopyranose

An aldoheptose in pyranose cyclic form with L-glycero-alpha-D-manno stereochemistry.


A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.


A 2-aminobenzimidazole having methyl substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 5-carboxypentyl group at the 1-position.


A  dicarboxylic acid monoamide that is a hapten and transition state analogue containing phenylphosphonate and succinoylamino moieties.


destosyl pyrazolate

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is pyrazolynate in which the tosylate ester has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy compound. The active herbicide of the proherbicides pyrazolynate and pyrazoxyfen.


A 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group has (1R,2S)-configuration; naturally occurring form.


Riboflavin in which the nitrogen at position 5 is replaced by CH and the methyl groups at positions 7 and 8 are substituted by hydrogen and hydroxy, respectively.


(R)-hydratropic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of hydratropic acid.


HADACIDIN

A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.


dacarbazine

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is 1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide which is substituted at position 5 by a 3,3-dimethyltriaz-1-en-1-yl group. It is used for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma, and in combination with other drugs for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and soft-tissue sarcoma.


heparin disaccharide I-S(4-)

A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group, both sulfate groups and sulfamic acid group of HP_dp02_0009.


A peptide anion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of S-nitrosoglutathione.


HEPT

A pyrimidone that is thymine which is substituted at positions 1 and 6 by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl group and a phenylsulfanyl group, respectively.


D-phenyllactic acid

The (S)-enantiomer of 3-phenyllactic acid.


An acyl-CoA oxoanion that results from the removal of all five protons from the phosphate and carboxylic acid groups of (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA.


A diol that is hexane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6.


An optically active monocarboxylic acid also having amide and phosphonate functional groups.


HYDROXYGUANIDINE

A member of the class of guanidines that is guanidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a hydroxy group.


dalfopristin

A macrolide that is pristinamycin IIA in which the double bond between positions 26 and 26a of the pyrroline ring has been reduced and position 26R carries a [2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfonyl group. It is a semi-synthetic streptogramin antibiotic and often used as a mixture with quinupristin for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.


HEPTANE

A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).


HOMOPHENYLALANINE

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is an analogue of L-phenylalanine having a 2-phenylethyl rather than a benzyl side-chain.


alpha-L-gulose

A L-gulopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


A 6,7-dihydrobiopterin that has R configuration at position 6 and in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl substituent has 1R,2S configuration.


A member of the class of pterocarpans that is (6aS,11aS)-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, a second hydroxy group at position 6a (resulting in the CIP stereochemical designation changing to R,R), and a methylenedioxy group at positions 8-9. It is a metabolite of the pea phytoalexin (+)-pisatin, produced by the pea-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis pisi, and a number of other fungi, including Fusarium anruioides, Fusarium avenaceum, Mycosphaerella pinodes, and Stemphylium botryosum.


danielone

An aromatic ketone that is 2-hydroxy-1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. It is a phytoalexin isolated from the papaya fruit and exhibits antifungal activity.


dantrolene

The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.


The D-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.


A pyrimidinothiazolopyrimidine that is dihydrothiochrome diphosphate in which the hydrogen at position 9a has been replaced by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.


(R)-3-hydroxylauric acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 3-hydroxylauric acid. An intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis.


Heptane-1,2,3-triol with R-configuration at both the C-2 and C-3 centres.


DAPHNETOXIN

A daphnane-type orthoester diterpene with potential cholesterol-lowering activity, found exclusively in plants of the family Thymelaeaceae.


The R stereoisomer of (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal.


DAPHNORETIN

A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 6 and a (2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy group at position 3.


dapsone

A  sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which the hydrogen atom at the 4 position of each of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group. It is active against a wide  range of bacteria, but is mainly employed for its actions against Mycobacterium leprae, being used as part of multidrug regimens in the treatment of all forms of leprosy.


ISOBUTYLBENZENE

An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isobutyl substituent.


4,5-dehydro-D-glucuronic acid

A member of the class of glucoronic acids that is beta-D-glucuronic acid which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 4 and 5.


5-iododeoxycytidine monophosphate

A 2'-deoxycytidine phosphate that is 2'-deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate in which the hydrogen at position 5 on the cytosine ring is replaced by iodine.


A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-based hapten where a 4-substituted benzoyl group is attached to nitrogen.


L-erythro-isocitric acid

The (1R,2R)-stereoisomer of isocitric acid.


A pyrimidone that is thymine in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 3-hydroxypropyl group.


A dipeptide consisting of a modified L-proline residue attached to L-alanine via a peptide linkage.


A hexosamine that is beta-L-idopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups


DAURICINE

A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-{[(1R)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl}phenol by attachment of the phenolic oxygen of one molecule to the benzene ring of the second (ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group of the latter).


N-methyl-L-isoleucine

An N-methyl-L-amino acid that is L-isoleucine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group.


INDOXYL SULFATE

An aryl sulfate that is indoxyl in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a sulfo group.


alpha-L-iduronic acid

A L-idopyranuronic acid with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


para-isopropylaniline

A substituted aniline carrying an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a metabolite of isoproturon.


A sulfonamide consisting of brinzolamide lacking hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 and also lacking the N(4)-ethyl group.


isoursodeoxycholic acid

A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7.


The D-enantiomer of 4-iodophenylalanine.


L-alloisoleucine

An optically active form of alloisoleucine having L-(2S,3R)-configuration.


debromoaplysiatoxin

A member of the class of aplysiatoxins that has the structure of the parent aplysiatoxin, but is lacking the bromo substituent on the benzene ring at the position para to the phenolic hydroxy group. It is a cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, as well as algae and molluscs.


IODIDE

A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and iodine atoms.


2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronic acid

A carbohydrate acid derivative that is alpha-L-iduronic acid  in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into the correspondinghydrogen sullfate derivative.


A member of the class of bipyridines that is 4,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 2 and 2' by 4-fluoroaminophenyl and 4-methoxycyclohexanecarboxamido groups respectively.


hydrogenphosphate

A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate.


A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidine-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen and both of the hydrogens at position 5 are replaced by methyl groups.


DECURSINOL

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 7,8-dihydro-2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-2-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 7 and two methyl groups at position 8. It is isolated from the roots of Angelica gigas and has been found to possess significant inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase enzyme (EC 3.1.1.7).


An amido thiophene-2-carboxylic acid derivative used as an inhibitor of HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) RNA polymerase.


A polyether composed of eight propylene glycol units capped at both ends by methoxyethyl and 2-aminopropyl groups (PBD entry:1NGX).


deferoxamine

An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.


DEGUELIN

A rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers.


kojic acid

A pyranone that is 4H-pyran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 4. It has been isolated from the fungus Aspergillus oryzae.


An L-lysine derivative consisting of L-lysine carrying a carboxy substituent at the N(6)-position.


(-)-hinokiresinol

A 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pentane-1,4-diene that has 1E,3S configuration. A natural product found in Chamaecyparis obtusa.


The alpha-anomer of 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid.


indole-3-propionic acid

An  indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is  propionic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3.


obeticholic acid

A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is chenodeoxycholic acid carrying an additional ethyl substituent at the 6alpha-position. A semi-synthetic bile acid which acts as a farnesoid X receptor agonist and is used for treatment of primary biliary cholangitis.


2H-imidazol-4-ylacetic acid

An imidazolyl carboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2H-imidazol-4-yl group.


A organic heterooctacyclic compound that is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C and is isolated from Nocardiopsis sp K-252a


icosane

A straight chain alkane composed of 20 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the leaves of Agave attenuata.


A beta-D-Galp-(1->6)-D-Manp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.


An organoiodine compound consisting of uracil having an iodo substituent at the 5-position.


A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.


LUMIFLAVIN

A compound showing yellow-green fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in alkaline solution.


isoamylamine

A primary aliphatic amine that is butan-1-amine carrying a methyl substituent at position 3.


A pyrimidine nucleoside derived from the formal condensation of the N(1)-nitrogen of 4-amino-5-methylcytosine with 2,5-anhydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-alpha-L-lyxofuranose.


beta-L-fructofuranose

A L-fructofuranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


A dehydrovomifoliol that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.


isomyristic acid

A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of tridecanoic acid carrying a 12-methyl group.


HYDROCHLORTHIAZIDE

An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom.


A L-leucine derivative that is L-leucine substituted by an oxo group at position 5.


DIAMINOPYRIMIDINE

An aminopyrimidine in which a pyrimidine nucleus is substituted with amino groups at C-2 and C-4.


COLUMBIANETIN

The (S)-(+)-enantiomer of columbianetin.


dodecyl beta-D-maltoside

A glycoside resulting from attachment of a dodecyl group to the reducing-end anomeric centre of a beta-maltose molecule.


The 1-alpha-anomer of D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


A nucleoside monophosphate analogue derived from the formal condensation of the N(1)-nitrogen of adenine with 2,5-anhydro-4-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-alpha-L-lyxofuranose.


(S)-lipoic acid

The (S)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. Not found in nature, it may exert detrimental effects on biosystems.


L-propargylglycine

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an ethynyl group. It causes the irreversible inactivation of gamma-cystathionase (also known as cystathionine gamma-lyase) and is used as an affinity labeling reagent for gamma-cystathionase and other enzymes.


BUTYLAMINE

A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1.


L-gulonic acid 6-phosphate

A gulonic acid derivative that is L-gulonic acid carrying a phosphate group at position 6.


methylthioninium chloride

An organic cation that is phenothiazin-5-ium substituted by dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 7. The chloride salt is the histological dye 'methylene blue'.


alpha-L-glucopyranuronic acid

A L-glucopyranuronic acid with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


L-vinylglycine

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid with a structure in which a vinyl group is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.


fasudil

An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.


(+)-MCPG

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a 4-carboxyphenyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is a non-selective group I/group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist.


decamethrin

A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide tralomethrin.


An N-acyl-hexosamine that is the methyl alpha-glycoside of the terminal moiety, and presumed antigenic determinant, of the O-specific polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O:1, serotype Ogawa.


The alpha-anomer of D-mannose 6-phosphate.


An alkene that is prop-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


demecolcine

A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.


dexfenfluramine

The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.


beta-L-xylopyranose

A L-xylopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


methyl alpha-D-mannoside

A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


MEDRONIC ACID

A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) consisting of methane substituted by two phosphonic acid groups.


A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-glutamine substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


A  tricarboxylic acid amide that is a Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.6 at 20 degreeC.


melagatran

A member of the class of azetidines that is (2S)-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid has been converted to the amide corresponding to formal condensation with 4-(aminomethyl)benzenecarboximidamide and in which the hydrogen attached to the azetidine nitrogen is replaced by a (2R)-2-cyclohexyl-2-[(carboxymethyl)amino]acetyl group.


A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having N,N-dimethylguanine as the nucleobase.


meropenem

A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.


A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate having 7-methyl-7,8-dihydroguanine as the nucleobase.


trifluoro-L-methionine

An L-alpha-amino acid, methionine, with the S-methyl group trifluoro-substituted.


N-methyl-L-phenylalanine

A phenylalanine derivative consisting of L-phenylalanine having a methyl substuent attached to the alpha-amino function.


L-alpha-phenylglycine

The S stereoisomer of alpha-phenylglycine.


N-methylleucine

A leucine derivative obtained by replacement of one of the amino hydrogens of leucine by a methyl group.


A  purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is adenosine 5'-monophosphate substituted on N-6 by geminal methyl groups.


mitoguazone

A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.


An L-lysine derivative comprising L-lysine having two methyl substituents attached to the side-chain amino group.


N-methyl-L-methionine

A methyl-L-methionine having the methyl group attached to the alpha-amino function.


A primary alcohol that is heptane which is substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 1.


A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 8 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.


A monosaccharide derivative that is the 3-O-methyl derivative of alpha-L-rhamnopyranose. An epitope identified from the glycolipids isolated from Mycobacterium peregrinum.


PHOSPHORYLISOPROPANE

Monophosphorylated isopropyl alcohol.


A hydroxyimidazole that has an imidazole core with carboxymethyl, 1-aminoethyl, methyl and hydroxy groups at the 1-, 2-, 4- and 5-positions respectively (the S enantiomer).


molybdopterin

A molybdopterin that is the O-phospho derivative of [(5aR,8R,9aR)-2-amino-4-oxo-6,7-disulfanyl-3,5,5a,8,9a,10-hexahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-g]pteridin-8-yl]methanol.


methyl L-leucinate

The methyl ester of L-leucine.


An N-methyl-L-asparagine with a single methyl substituent attached to the amide nitrogen.


A thiopurine that is inosine in which the aromatic hydroxy group is replaced by a methylsulfanediyl group.


N-methylmesoporphyrin

A mesoporphyrin with an N-methyl substituent at the 22-position.


A (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (2S)-2-methyltetradecanoic acid.


methyl N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide

An N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide having a methyl substituent at the anomeric position.


BRILLIANT GREEN

An iminium ion obtained by dimethylation of the imino group of 4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl](phenyl)methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-imine. Used in the form of its chloride salt as a green-coloured dye.


MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID

A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.


3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid

A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.2 at 20 degreeC.


tiamulin

A carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a 2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl}acetate group. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae.


EMIVIRINE

A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted at positions 1, 5 and 6 by ethoxymethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl groups, respectively. A non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, emivirine was an unsuccessful experimental agent for the treatment of HIV.


A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 9 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.


TERBUTRYNE

A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by a tert-butylamino and an ethylamino group at positions 2 and 4 respectively.


An organophosphonate oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from the phosphonic acid group of 1-aminocyclopropylphosphonic acid.


A 3-naphthalen-2-ylalanine that has L-confliguration.


BUTYLBENZYL

An  alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted by a butyl group at position 1.


N-methyl-L-valine

An optically active form of N-methylvaline having L-configuration.


A glycol that is the (S)-enantiomer of 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol.


naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid

A naphthalenesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked to position 2 of the naphthalene ring.


A D-glucosaminide consisting of 2-aminoglucosamine attached to 1D-myo-inositol at the 6-position via an alpha-linkage.


A nicotinamide dinucleotide consisting of NADP zwitterion lacking the 2'-phsopho group and having a (1R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-phosphonooxypropyl group at position 4 of the nicotinamide fragment.


3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid substituted by a 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 3.


(S)-NADHX

A tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide obtained by formal stereo- and regioselective hydration across the 5,6-double bond in the nicotinyl ring of NADH, with the hydroxy group located at position 6, having (S)-configuration.


N-butylbenzenesulfonamide

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted by a butyl group at the nitrogen atom. It has been isolated from the plant Prunus africana and has been shown to exhibit antiandrogenic activity.


metyrapone

An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.


MENAQUINONE 7

A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.


NERVONIC ACID

A tetracosenoic acid having a cis-double bond at position 15.


N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine

An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine that has alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


DESOXYPODOPHYLLOTOXIN

A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.


N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid

An alkanesulfonic acid that is cyclohexanamine in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 2-sulfoethyl group. It is used as a buffer (pH range of 8.6-10.0) for studying pH-dependent processes in enzymology.


L-m-tyrosine

A hydroxyphenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine with a substituent hydroxy group at position 3.


A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-aminopentyl group.


deoxyribonucleotide

A nucleotide in which the ribose moiety has one or more of its hydroxy groups substituted by hydrogen.


The alpha-anomer of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate.


An amino disaccharide consisting of beta-D-Galp joined by a (1->4) glycosidic bond to 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopranose.


An N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion resulting from deprotonation of both carboxy groups of N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid.


The cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol with a (1R,2S)-configuration.


A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.5 at 20 degreeC.


nitrofurazone

A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.


An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.


fosmidomycin

Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.


methylurea

A member of the class of ureas that is urea substituted by a methyl group at one of the nitrogen atoms.


L-2-aminopimelic acid

A 2-aminopimelic acid that has S-configuration.


dermatan

A mucopolysaccharide consisting of repeating beta-(1->4)-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.


N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate

A galactosamine sulfate that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been converted into its sulfate derivative.


A quaternary ammonium ion that is the N,N,N-trimethyl derivative of 3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1,1-dihydroxyethyl)aniline.


N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate

A galactosamine sulfate that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted into its sulfate derivative.


A zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the nitrogen of 2-iminopropionic acid.


name: SODIUM beta-NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE


hydroxyurea

A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. An antineoplastic used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia as well as for sickle-cell disease.


nimesulide

An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.


A  3-nitrotyrosine comprising L-tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.


A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are methyl (three) and 4-oxopentyl.