sigmoid colon cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the sigmoid colon.


superficial keratitis

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


description: A type of keratitis characterized by inflammation in pinpoint areas of the corneal epithelium.


anal margin squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the perianal skin.


histoplasmosis meningitis

description: An infectious meningitis caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


testicular lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the testis and is not associated with lymphoma in another anatomic site.


chronic salpingo-oophoritis

description: Chronic form of salpingo-oophoritis.


neutropenia

description: A decrease in the number of neutrophils found in the blood.


coloboma

description: An abnormality in which a part of a structure in one or both eyes is missing.


anisometropia

description: A condition of an inequality of refractive power of the two eyes.


cutaneous diphtheria

description: A usually mild form of diphtheria characterized by infection of the skin by corynebacterium diphtheria and the resulting formation of a chronic, shallow ulcer that is sometimes bordered or followed by a bulla.


femoral vein thrombophlebitis

description: A thrombophlebitis that involves the femoral vein.


testicular leukemia

description: A myeloid or more commonly lymphoid leukemia (acute or chronic) affecting the testis. Microscopically, there is interstitial infiltration of the testis by leukemic cells. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with testicular involvement is not uncommon in boys. Sometimes (up to 10% of the cases), testicular involvement may be the initial manifestation of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. --03


paranoid schizophrenia

description: A subtype of schizophrenia characterized by prominent delusions (typically persecutory or grandiose) or hallucinations in the context of a relative preservation of cognitive functioning and affect.


atypical depressive disorder

description: A mood disorder that is characterized by mood reactivity (paradoxical anhedonia) and positivity, significant weight gain or increased appetite ("comfort eating"), excessive sleep or somnolence (hypersomnia), a sensation of heaviness in limbs known as leaden paralysis, and significant social impairment as a consequence of hypersensitivity to perceived interpersonal rejection.


intrahepatic bile duct cancer

description: A cancer that involves the intrahepatic bile duct.


corneal granular dystrophy

description: A stromal corneal dystrophy that is caused by mutation(s) in the TGFBI gene.


cough variant asthma

description: An asthma that is characterized by chronic nonproductive cough without shortness of breath.


kyphoscoliotic heart disease

description: Evidence of kyphoscoliotic heart disease.


chronic pulmonary heart disease

description: Heart disease which occurs as a result of a primary pulmonary disease. Cor pulmonale most often manifests as right ventricular hypertrophy; it can also lead to right ventricular failure.


hematocele of tunica vaginalis testis

description: Hemorrhage into a canal or cavity of the body, such as the space covered by the serous membrane (tunica vaginalis) around the testis leading to testicular hematocele or scrotal hematocele.


varicocele

description: A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the spermatic cord with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.


retroperitoneal lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that involves the retroperitoneal space.


retroperitoneal sarcoma

description: A sarcoma involving a retroperitoneal space.


retroperitoneum carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the retroperitoneal space.


fetishistic disorder

description: A disorder characterized by recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving the use of nonliving objects (the "fetish").


alcoholic hepatitis

description: Acute hepatitis resulting from ingestion of alcohol.


viral labyrinthitis

description: An labyrinthitis caused by infection with Viruses.


patulous eustachian tube

description: A eustachian tube disorder with a wider eustachian tube which allows a larger bolus of bacteria-laden material from the nasopharynx during an infection to enter the middle ear, causing a more fulminant infection.


endocrine exophthalmos

description: Progressive inflammation and damage to tissues around the eyes, especially extraocular muscle, connective, and fatty tissue occurring in patients with hyperthyroidism or a history of hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease.


prolapse of urethra

description: Prolapse of the urethral mucosa from the exterior urethral opening.


spinal muscular atrophy

description: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) refers to a group of inherited conditions that affect the muscles. The severity of the condition; the associated signs and symptoms; and the age at which symptoms develop varies by subtype. In general, people with SMA experience progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles involved in mobility, the ability to sit unassisted, and head control. Breathing and swallowing may also be affected in severe cases. SMA is generally caused by changes (mutations) in the SMN1 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Extra copies of the SMN2 gene modify the severity of SMA. Rare autosomal dominant (caused by mutations in DYNC1H1, BICD2, or VAPB genes) and X-linked (caused by mutations in UBA1) forms of SMA exist. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.


dysentery

description: Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious diarrhea of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing toxins, biological derived from bacteria or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery feces then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with abdominal pain; fever; and dehydration.


entropion

description: The turning inward (inversion) of the edge of the eyelid, with the tarsal cartilage turned inward toward the eyeball. (Dorland, 27th ed)


kleptomania

description: A disorder characterized by the recurrent failure to resist the impulse to steal items of little intrinsic value; the individual experiences a rising subjective sense of tension before the theft and a sense of gratification or relief during the theft.


intermittent explosive disorder

description: A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of serious assaultive acts or destruction of property due to a failure to resist aggressive impulses; the degree of aggression during these episodes is grossly out of proportion to any psychosocial provocation. The aggressive episodes are not etiologically linked to another mental disorder, a general medical condition, or substance use.


pyromania

description: A disorder characterized by a fascination with fire and recurrent episodes of fire setting during which the individual experiences a rising subjective sense of tension before the fire setting and a sense of gratification or relief when setting the fire. There is no ulterior motive (such as monetary gain or the expression of political ideology) to the fire setting.


labia minora cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the labia minora.


vulva cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the vulva.


pancytopenia

description: A finding of low numbers of red and white blood cells and platelets in the peripheral blood.


name: secondary hyperparathyroidism of renal origin


blood coagulation disease

description: A condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal coagulation properties of the blood.


capillariasis

description: A infectious disease involving the Capillaria.


vagus nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the vagus nerve.


vaginal leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the vagina. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


tuberculous epididymitis

description: An urogenital tuberculosis involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the epididymis.


retinal ischemia

description: A ischemic disease that involves the retina.


retinal perforation

description: A usually small tearing of the retina occurring when the vitreous separates from the retina. It may lead to retinal detachment. Symptoms include flashes and floaters.


bagassosis

description: An occupational lung disorder caused by inhalation of bagasse dust. In the acute phase, it manifests as cough, dyspnea, fever, chills, and weakness. Chronic exposure may lead to interstitial lung fibrosis.


plantar nerve lesion

description: A peripheral nerve lesion that involves the plantar nerve.


common peroneal nerve lesion

description: A peripheral nerve lesion that involves the common fibular nerve.


lesion of sciatic nerve

description: A peripheral nerve lesion that involves the sciatic nerve.


hepatic coma

description: A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with liver failure, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and confusion (frequently progressing to coma); asterixis; nystagmus, pathologic; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; muscle spasticity; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see reflex, babinski). electroencephalography may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)


hemolytic-uremic syndrome

description: Acute kidney injury associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.


dyscalculia

description: A wide group of related learning disorders characterized by difficulties with mathematics and manipulating numbers; the difficulty with math may be caused or exacerbated by visuo-spatial or language processing difficulties.


phacolytic glaucoma

description: An abnormal condition characterized by an acute autoimmune reaction of the eye. It is caused by hypersensitivity of the eye to the protein of the crystalline lens and commonly follows trauma to the crystalline lens or cataract surgery. Associated symptoms include swelling and inflammation of the eye, severe pain, and blurred vision. The substance of the lens is invaded by polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear phagocytes. Accurate diagnosis must differentiate between this condition and infectious endophthalmitis. Therapy is supportive and commonly includes the administration of corticosteroids and atropine. Refractory cases may require surgical removal of the lens.


phacogenic glaucoma

description: Secondary glaucoma caused by either excessive size or spheric shape of the lens.


neonatal thyrotoxicosis

description: A hypermetabolic syndrome characterized by tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, weight loss, and moist skin that is caused by the elevation of thyroid hormone levels in the serum of the newborn infant or thyroid-axis receptor activation, most commonly due to transplacental passage of thyroid stimulating globulins.


urethral obstruction

description: Blockage of the normal flow of urine in the urethra.


olecranon bursitis

description: A bursitis that involves the olecranon.


Potter sequence

description: A rare, lethal congenital malformation characterized by bilateral renal agenesis and the absence or decreased volume of amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios). The presence of oligohydramnios gives rise to congenital anomalies that include hypoplastic lungs, lower extremities abnormalities, and characteristic facial features (low-set ears, widely separated eyes, nose flattening, and receding chin). Newborn infants usually die of respiratory failure.


hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

description: An abnormality characterized by thickening of the muscle in the wall of the pylorus. It results in the narrowing of the pyloric channel. The overlying mucosa may appear hypertrophic as well. Clinical signs and symptoms appear early in life and include projectile vomiting and dehydration.


pyloric stenosis

description: Narrowing of the pyloric lumen caused either by hypertrophy of the surrounding muscles or tissue scarring due to a chronic peptic ulcer.


name: displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus


vestibulocochlear nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the vestibulocochlear nerve.


binocular vision disease

description: Any inability to efficiently utilize and/or sustain binocular vision.


hypercalcemia disease

description: Abnormally high concentration of calcium in the peripheral blood.


nephrocalcinosis

description: Nephrocalcinosis is a disorder that occurs when too much calcium is deposited in the kidneys. It commonly occurs in premature infants. Individuals may not have symptoms or may have symptoms related to thecondition causing nephrocalcinosis. If kidney stones are present, symptoms may include blood in the urine, fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, and severe pain in the belly area, sides of the back (flank), groin, or testicles. Later symptoms may be associated with chronic kidney failure. It may be caused by use of certain medications or supplements, infection, or any condition that leads to high levels of calcium in the blood or urine including hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, Alport syndrome, Bartter syndrome,and a variety of other conditions. Some of the underlying disorders that can cause nephrocalcinosis are genetic, with the inheritance pattern depending on the specific disorder. Treatment differs depending on the cause of nephrocalcinosis and often aims to prevent more calcium from being deposited in the kidneys.


name: mixed receptive-expressive language disorder

description: A disorder characterized by an impairment in the development of an individual's expressive and receptive language capabilities which is in contrast to his/her nonverbal intellect. The impairment may be acquired (i.e., due to a brain lesion or head trauma) or developmental (i.e., no known neurological insult).


acoustic neuroma

description: A type of benign brain tumor that begins in the Schwann cells, which produce the myelin that protects the acoustic nerve - the nerve of hearing.


gynecomastia disorder

description: Development of breast tissue in males.


leiomyoma

description: A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


capillary disorder

description: A disease involving a capillary.


chronic gonococcal salpingitis

description: Chronic form of gonococcal salpingitis.


telangiectasis

description: Local dilatation of small vessels resulting in red discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes.


name: respiratory syncytial virus infectious disease

description: Infection with the respiratory syncytial virus, an RNA virus of the genus Pneumovirus, in the family Paramyxoviridae, which is characterized by the formation of syncytia in tissue culture. It causes minor respiratory infection with rhinitis and cough in adults, but is capable of causing severe bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in young children.


lacrimal duct cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the lacrimal duct.


cicatricial ectropion

description: An outward turning (eversion) or rotation of the eyelid margin (i.e., ectropion) caused by shortening or contraction of the anterior or middle lamellae related to scarring.


hallucinogen abuse

description: A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of hallucinogenic drugs despite negative consequences.


mucopolysaccharidosis type 1

description: The most common type of mucopolysaccharidosis. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. It comprises a group of lysosomal storage diseases which includes the most severe form (Hurler syndrome) and the mildest form (Scheie syndrome).


quadriplegia

description: Paralysis of all four limbs.


senile entropion

description: An abnormal inversion of the eyelid towards the globe resulting from inferior retractor muscle dysfunction with tissue laxity and, possibly, overriding of the preseptal orbicularis muscle over the pretarsal orbicularis muscle.


rectal disorder

description: A disease that involves the rectum.


Achilles bursitis

description: An bursitis involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the calcaneal tendon.


choreatic disease

description: A neurological condition affecting the involuntary movements. It is characterized by brief, non-repetitive irregular muscle contractions. It is seen in patients with Huntington's disease.


hypochondriasis

description: A somatoform disorder in which an individual is preoccupied with having a serious illness despite not having been given a corroborating diagnosis.


submandibular gland disorder

description: A disease involving the submandibular gland.


name: benign lymphoepithelial lesion of salivary gland

description: A benign lesion that involves the salivary glands, usually the parotid gland. It affects females more often than males and it may be a manifestation of autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren syndrome. There is an increased incidence of benign lymphoepithelial lesions in HIV-positive patients. It is characterized by the presence of a marked lymphocytic infiltrate and epi-myoepithelial islands in the affected salivary gland. Patients usually present with firm and painless swelling of the affected salivary gland. There is an increased risk for development of lymphoma.


mucocele of salivary gland

description: A benign cyst located in the salivary gland that is lined by epithelium and filled with mucoid fluid, tissue, or other material; it is usually caused by duct obstruction.


Plasmodium ovale malaria

description: An malaria caused by infection with Plasmodium ovale.


labia minora carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the labia minora.


paralytic lagophthalmos

description: A type of lagophthalmos that occurs in association with facial nerve palsy.


lagophthalmos

description: A condition in which the eyelids do not close to cover the eye completely.


central nervous system leukemia

description: Leukemia infiltrating the central nervous system structures.


name: intrapelvic lymph node leukemic reticuloendotheliosis


vagus nerve neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a vagus nerve.


agranulocytosis

description: A decrease in the number of mature granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) in the peripheral blood.


acute dacryocystitis

description: Acute form of dacryocystitis.


carotid stenosis

description: A narrowing of the carotid artery lumen. It is usually caused by the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. Symptoms are usually present when there is severe narrowing or obstruction of the arterial lumen and manifest as ischemic cerebrovascular accidents.


vertebrobasilar insufficiency

description: Localized or diffuse reduction in blood flow through the vertebrobasilar arterial system, which supplies the brain stem; cerebellum; occipital lobe; medial temporal lobe; and thalamus. Characteristic clinical features include syncope; lightheadedness; visual disturbances; and vertigo. brain stem infarctions or other brain infarction may be associated.


name: intra-abdominal lymph node mast cell malignancy


epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

description: Keratoconjunctivitis resulting from infection by adenoviruses.


lobomycosis

description: A chronic, fungal, subcutaneous infection endemic in rural regions in South America and Central America. The causal organism is Lacazia labol.


transient global amnesia

description: A condition characterized by sudden, temporary, usually short-lived memory loss, not associated with a neurologic disorder. Affected individuals lose memory function for recent events and have a decreased ability to retain new information. It is usually a solitary event.


louse-borne relapsing fever

description: An infection that is caused by certain species of Rickettsia or Borrelia, which are transmitted to humans from infected lice; it is characterized by sudden fever, chills, headaches, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, and possibly a rash. Symptoms usually persist for two to nine days, then disappear, with recurrence after several weeks if the patient remains untreated.


tick-borne relapsing fever

description: An infection that is caused by certain species of Rickettsia or Borrelia, which are transmitted to humans from infected ticks; it is characterized by sudden fever, chills, headaches, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, and possibly a rash. Symptoms usually persist for two to nine days, then disappear, with recurrence after several weeks if the patient remains untreated.


cicatricial lagophthalmos

description: A type of lagophthalmos that occurs following trauma or surgery.


acute sphenoidal sinusitis

description: Acute form of sphenoid sinusitis.


corpus luteum cyst

description: A ovarian cyst (disease) that involves the corpus luteum.


dementia

description: Loss of intellectual abilities interfering with an individual's social and occupational functions. Causes include Alzheimer's disease, brain injuries, brain tumors, and vascular disorders.


tinea unguium

description: A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by dermatophytes; yeasts; or nondermatophyte molds.


branch retinal artery occlusion

description: An occlusion of a branch of the retinal artery.


vertebral artery insufficiency

description: A syndrome which occurs as a result of the occlusion of one of the vertebral arteries. It may be caused by atherosclerosis, embolism or hemorrhage. Collateral circulation through the circle of Willis is usually comprised as well. Clinical signs may include vertigo, nystagmus, dysarthria, ataxia and sensorimotor deficits. Clinical course may lead to persistence of neurologic deficits. Prognosis is variable with a substantial risk for recurrent infarction.


intracranial arteriosclerosis

description: Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of arteries inside the skull. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the arterial intima; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include headache; confusion; transient blindness (amaurosis fugax); speech impairment; and hemiparesis.


central retinal artery occlusion

description: Blockage of the central retinal artery.


bladder leiomyoma

description: A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the bladder. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


bladder squamous papilloma

description: A rare, benign neoplasm of bladder that is composed of papillary cores with overlying histologically benign squamous epithelium.


mechanical entropion

description: A type of entropion (abnormal inversion of the eyelid towards the globe) that is related to a mass effect of a lesion (e.g., a tumor) that pulls the eyelid margin away from the globe.


cicatricial entropion

description: Abnormal inversion (turning inward) of the eyelid towards the globe associated with scarring that vertically shortens the posterior lamella of the eyelid.


protein-deficiency anemia

description: Anemia associated with inadequate protein intake.


gonococcal spondylitis

description: An spondylitis caused by infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.


severe pre-eclampsia

description: Preeclampsia with a systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 110 mmHg or higher on two occasions at least 4 hours apart while on bedrest. It is associated with thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 100,000 per microliter), impaired liver function (twice normal elevation of hepatic transaminases; severe, persistent right upper quadrant or epigastric pain), progressive renal insufficiency (serum creatinine greater than 1.1 mg/dL or doubling of baseline in the absence of other renal disease), pulmonary edema, or new-onset cerebral or visual disturbances.


hordeolum externum

description: A hordeolum that results from obstruction and infection of an eyelash follicle and adjacent glands of Zeis or Moll glands. Follicle obstruction may be associated with blepharitis.


acute proliferative glomerulonephritis

description: Inflammation of the glomeruli status post infection with nephritogenic streptococci, most often group A beta hemolytic streptococcus.


crescentic glomerulonephritis

description: A histopathologic term for a pattern of diseases characterized by extensive crescent formation in the glomeruli; patients present clinically with rapid deterioration of renal function, and possible progression to end-stage renal failure within weeks or months.


benign secondary hypertension

description: Mild to moderate high blood pressure that is caused by an underlying medical condition.


esophageal candidiasis

description: Esophagitis resulting from Candida.


fungal esophagitis

description: Infection of the esophagus caused by fungi, most often candida albicans and candida tropicalis. It usually affects patients with immunodeficiency disorders or diabetes mellitus. Symptoms include dysphagia and pain on swallowing.


acute cystitis

description: An acute infection of the bladder. It is usually caused by bacteria. Signs and symptoms include increased frequency of urination, pain or burning during urination, fever, cloudy or bloody urine, and suprapubic pain.


scrotum squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the scrotum. It has been associated with exposure to environmental and industrial carcinogens. The prognosis depends on the extent of lymph node involvement.


scrotum melanoma

description: A melanoma (disease) that involves the scrotum.


prepuce cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the prepuce.


spermatic cord cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the spermatic cord.


megaesophagus

description: An abnormal dilation of the esophagus not due to obstruction.


brain cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the brain.


nontoxic goiter

description: Sporadic enlargement of the thyroid gland that is not associated with changes in thyroid function or malignancy.


proliferative diabetic retinopathy

description: Advanced retinopathy due to diabetes mellitus characterized by the formation of new vessels in the retina. The new vessels are abnormal and fragile. If hemorrhage occurs due to the vascular fragility, there is increased risk of vision loss or blindness.


background diabetic retinopathy

description: An early stage of diabetic retinopathy that is characterized by retinal hemorrhage and exudate, but without proliferation of the blood vessels.


oculoglandular tularemia

description: A tularemia that results in inflammation of eye and swelling of lymph glands in front of the ear.


name: retinal dystrophies primarily involving Bruch's membrane

description: A retinal dystrophy with etiology arising from Bruch's membrane, the site of drusen generation.


name: internal pathological resorption of tooth


tooth resorption

description: Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)


mucocele of appendix

description: Accumulation of mucus within the appendix.


bronchus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the bronchus


diarrheal disease

description: The condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.


diverticulitis of colon

description: Inflammation of the colonic diverticula, generally with abscess formation and subsequent perforation.


erythropoietic protoporphyria

description: A rare congenital metabolic disorder characterized by an inborn error of porphyrin-heme biosynthesis. Signs and symptoms include painful cutaneous photosensitivity leading to blistering and scarring of the exposed skin areas, erythrodontia, red discoloration of urine, hemolytic anemia, and splenomegaly.


intestinal tuberculosis

description: A tuberculosis that involves the intestine.


vaginal mullerian papilloma

description: A benign papilloma that arises from the vagina in infants and young women.


diphtheritic cystitis

description: A cystits which involves inflammation and formation of a dense fibrous false membrane on the mucous membrane of the bladder.


diphtheritic peritonitis

description: A peritonitis which involves inflammation of peritoneal cavity by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.


exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

description: Inability of the exocrine pancreas to produce and secrete an adequate amount of digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Patients present with symptoms of malabsorption syndrome, abdominal discomfort, and bloating. Causes include chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune disorders.


name: anatomical narrow angle borderline glaucoma


laryngeal cartilage cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the laryngeal cartilage.


pedophilia

description: A disorder characterized by recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children.


reading disorder

description: A learning disability involving difficulty reading resulting primarily from neurological factors which affect any part of the reading process.


tinea profunda

description: A dermatophytosis that involves the deep dermal layers.


tinea manuum

description: A dermatophytosis that involves the hands.


megaloblastic anemia

description: Anemia characterized by the presence of unusually large erythroblasts in the bone marrow called megaloblasts. It is usually caused by vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency. Other causes include toxins and drugs.


gastrointestinal anthrax

description: An anthrax disease that results in infection located in mucosa of gastrointestinal tract, has material basis in Bacillus anthracis, which is transmitted by ingestion of anthrax-infected meat. The infection has symptom lesions, has symptom vomiting of blood, has symptom severe diarrhea, has symptom loss of appetite.


labia majora carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the labia majora.


color vision disorder

description: The absence of or defect in the perception of colors.


vaginal glandular neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of neoplastic glandular epithelial cells. Representative examples include adenoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and clear cell adenocarcinoma.


pure red-cell aplasia

description: A disease characterized by normocytic, normochromic anemia, low hematocrit, reticulocytopenia, and selective erythroid hypoplasia.


cerebral sarcoidosis

description: Sarcoidosis of the cerebrum.


cardiac sarcoidosis

description: Sarcoidosis affecting the tissues of the heart.


pulmonary sarcoidosis

description: Sarcoidosis affecting the lung parenchyma. It is characterized by the presence of non-necrotizing granulomas in the lung tissues. It is manifested with dyspnea, cough, fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss.


hypercalcemic sarcoidosis

description: Sarcoidosis with a complication of hypercalcemia.


perforation of bile duct

description: A rupture in the wall of the extrahepatic or intrahepatic bile duct due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


hepatic encephalopathy

description: Hepatic encephalopathy is a syndrome observed in some patients with cirrhosis. It is defined as a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with liver dysfunction, when other known brain disease has been excluded.Signs and symptomsmay be debilitating, and they can begin mildly and gradually, or occur suddenly and severely. They may includepersonality or moodchanges, intellectual impairment, abnormal movements,a depressed level of consciousness, and other symptoms.There are several theories regarding the exact cause, butdevelopment of the condition isprobablyat least partiallydue to the effect of substances that are toxic to nerve tissue (neurotoxic), which are typically present with liver damage and/or liver disease. Treatment depends upon the severity of mental status changes and upon the certainty of the diagnosis.


alexia

description: A receptive visual aphasia characterized by the loss of a previously possessed ability to comprehend the meaning or significance of handwritten words, despite intact vision. This condition may be associated with posterior cerebral artery infarction (infarction, posterior cerebral artery) and other brain diseases.


inherited aplastic anemia

description: An inborn condition characterized by deficiencies of red cell precursors that sometimes also includes leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.


bejel

description: A chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by the endemicum subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum.


basilar artery occlusion

description: Evidence of occlusion and stenosis of basilar artery.


scleritis

description: Inflammation of the sclera.


gonococcal bursitis

description: An bursitis caused by infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.


gonococcal synovitis

description: An synovitis (disease) caused by infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.


supraglottis cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the supraglottic area of the larynx. The vast majority of cases are squamous cell carcinomas.


balanitis xerotica obliterans

description: A chronic and progressive inflammatory process that affects the glans penis and the foreskin. It presents with white atrophic patches in the glans of penis and foreskin and it is often associated with the development of a sclerotic, whitish ring in the tip of the foreskin that may lead to phimosis. It is also known as lichen sclerosus of the penis.


name: active cochleovestibular Meniere disease


name: benign vaginal mixed epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of benign epithelial and benign mesenchymal elements.


trigonitis

description: Inflammation of the trigone of the urinary bladder.


tuberous sclerosis

description: Hereditary disease characterized by seizures, mental retardation, developmental delay, and skin and ocular lesions. First signs usually occur during infancy or childhood but in rare cases may not occur until 2nd or 3rd decade.


paranasal sinus disorder

description: A disease involving the paranasal sinus.


tetanus neonatorum

description: A syndrome of generalized rigidity with muscle spasms and seizures in the neonatal period resulting from Clostridium tetani toxin production.


purulent labyrinthitis

description: A labyrinthitis which is a bacterial infectious disease of the inner ear, often causing deafness and loss of vestibular function. This is caused when bacteria spread to the inner ear during the course of severe acute otitis media, purulent meningitis, or an enlarging cholesteatoma.


cornea squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the cornea.


hyperparathyroidism

description: Hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands resulting in the overproduction of parathyroid hormone. It may be primary or secondary; primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, parathyroid carcinoma, and multiple endocrine neoplasia. It is associated with hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Signs and symptoms include weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, depression, bone pain, osteoporosis, cystic bone lesions, and kidney stones. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is caused by the chronic stimulation of the parathyroid glands in patients with chronic renal failure, rickets, and malabsorption syndromes.


paranasal sinus lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the paranasal sinus. Representative examples include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type.


angle-closure glaucoma

description: The sudden increase of intraocular pressure, resulting in pain and an abrupt decrease in visual acuity.


optic disk drusen

description: Optic disk bodies composed primarily of acid mucopolysaccharides that may produce pseudopapilledema (elevation of the optic disk without associated intracranial hypertension) and visual field deficits. Drusen may also occur in the retina (see retinal drusen). (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p355)


maxillary sinus carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the maxillary sinus. Representative examples include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma.


cortical senile cataract

description: A senile cataract that involves the lens cortex.


cholestasis

description: Impairment of the bile flow caused by obstruction within the liver, or outside the liver in the bile duct system.


alveolar periostitis

description: A condition sometimes occurring after tooth extraction, particularly after traumatic extraction, resulting in a dry appearance of the exposed bone in the socket, due to disintegration or loss of the blood clot. It is basically a focal osteomyelitis without suppuration and is accompanied by severe pain (alveolalgia) and foul odor. (Dorland, 28th ed)


eclampsia

description: A potentially life-threatening pregnancy-related disorder characterized by tonic-clonic seizures in association with hypertension after the twentieth week of gestation and up to six weeks postpartum and in the absence of other potential causes of seizures.


frontal sinus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the frontal sinus.


frontal sinus neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the frontal sinus. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include Schneiderian papilloma and salivary gland-type adenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma and lymphoma.


paranasal sinus sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the paranasal sinus.


photokeratitis

description: Injury to the cornea secondary to ultraviolet light.


favism

description: A condition associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which is characterized by hemolysis.


dentine erosion

description: A tooth erosion, non-bacterial that involves the dentine.


ethmoid sinus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the ethmoid sinus.


ethmoidal sinus neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the ethmoid sinus. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include Schneiderian papilloma and salivary gland-type adenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma and lymphoma.


name: polyneuropathy in collagen vascular disease


stenosis of lacrimal punctum

description: Punctal stenosis is a condition in which the external opening of the lacrimal canaliculus is narrowed or occluded.


post-vaccinal encephalitis

description: An acute or subacute inflammatory process of the central nervous system characterized histologically by multiple foci of perivascular demyelination. Symptom onset usually occurs several days after an acute viral infection or immunization, but it may coincide with the onset of infection or rarely no antecedent event can be identified. Clinical manifestations include confusion, somnolence, fever, nuchal rigidity, and involuntary movements. The illness may progress to coma and eventually be fatal. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p921)


prostate calculus

description: A concretion in the prostate.


acute gonococcal cystitis

description: Acute form of gonococcal cystitis.


dermoid cyst of skin

description: A benign hamartomatous tumor that possesses various epidermal derivatives and is due to sequestration of skin along the lines of embryonic closure.


vaginal squamous papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular stalk lined by normal squamous epithelium. There is no evidence of atypia or relation to human papillomavirus.


premature ejaculation

description: A disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent ejaculation before or after penetration and before the person wishes it.


uterine corpus adenomatoid tumor

description: A benign mesothelial tumor of the serosal surface of the uterine body and myometrium. It is characterized by the presence of gland-like structures.


mature cataract

description: A cataract that produces swelling and opacity of the entire lens; cataracts are removed before maturity.


endometrial stromal nodule

description: A non-infiltrating, benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the uterine corpus. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells that resemble the cells of the proliferative phase of endometrial stroma and numerous thin-walled small vessels. It usually presents with abnormal uterine bleeding and menorrhagia.


hepatic infarction

description: Prolonged ischemia to the liver resulting in necrosis.


neurofibroma of spinal cord

description: A neurofibroma that arises from the spinal cord.


spinal cord lipoma

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the spinal cord. It is usually associated with dysraphism in which the intraspinal component communicates with a subcutaneous lipoma through a defect in the posterior elements of the spine. Non-dysraphic intramedullary spinal cord lipomas are very rare.


name: neonatal urinary tract infectious disease


excessive tearing

description: Profuse lacrimation.


Pthirus pubis infestation

description: Infestation of the pubic hair by the pthirus pubis parasite which results in mild to intense itching and macular lesions. The parasite, also known as crab lice, is transmitted through skin to skin contact with an infected person or through direct contact with infested objects.


plantar wart

description: A wart in the plantar surface of the foot. It is caused by human papillomavirus.


chancroid

description: Chancroid is a bacterial infection that is spread through sexual contact. It is caused by a type of bacteria called Haemophilus ducreyi. Chancroid is characterized by a small bump on the genital which becomes a painful ulcer. Men may have just one ulcer, but women often develop four or more.About half of the people who are infected with a chancroid will develop enlarged inguinal lymph nodes, the nodes located in the fold between the leg and the lower abdomen. In some cases, the nodes will break through the skin and cause draining abscesses. The swollen lymph nodes and abscesses are often called buboes. Chancroid infections can be treated with antibiotics, including azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin. Large lymph node swellings need to be drained, either with a needle or local surgery.


staphyloma posticum

description: A localized defect in the posterior eye wall with protrusion of uveal tissue due to alterations in scleral thickness and structure.


myringitis bullosa hemorrhagica

description: A tympanic membrane disease that is characterized by blisters on the eardrum resulting from infection.


vaginal squamous tumor

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the vagina. Representative examples include condyloma acuminatum, squamous papilloma, and squamous cell carcinoma.


hypoglossal nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the hypoglossal nerve.


tetanic cataract

description: A cataract resulting from hypocalcemia.


acute closed-angle glaucoma

description: Acute form of angle-closure glaucoma.


facial neuralgia

description: Neuralgic syndromes which feature chronic or recurrent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease. Disorders of the trigeminal and facial nerves are frequently associated with these conditions.


focal labyrinthitis

description: A labyrinthitis which is an infectious inflammatory disease of a circumscribed area of either the vestibular or the cochlear portion of the labyrinth, or of both together. This is caused by a chronic suppurative otitis media, mastoiditis, or cholesteatoma.


hypoactive sexual desire disorder

description: A disorder characterized by a recurrent or persistent lack of desire for sexual activity. The lack of sexual desire is not attributable to another psychiatric disorder or to the physiological effects of substance use or a general medical condition.


hypolipoproteinemia

description: Conditions with abnormally low levels of lipoproteins in the blood. This may involve any of the lipoprotein subclasses, including alpha-lipoproteins (high-density lipoproteins); beta-lipoproteins (low-density lipoproteins); and prebeta-lipoproteins (very-low-density lipoproteins).


sick sinus syndrome

description: A constellation of signs and symptoms which may include syncope, fatigue, dizziness, and alternating periods of bradycardia and atrial tachycardia, which is caused by sinoatrial node dysfunction.


polyneuropathy

description: A disease or disorder affecting more than one nerve.


squamous papilloma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a papillary growth pattern and a proliferation of neoplastic squamous cells without morphologic evidence of malignancy. Most frequently it arises in the oral cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, esophagus, vagina, and vulva.


white piedra

description: A superficial mycosis due to T beigelii that is characterized by a soft, friable, beige nodule of the distal ends of hair shafts.


acquired color blindness

description: Non-heritable difficulty in distinguishing colors.


lumbosacral plexus lesion

description: A nerve plexus disease that involves the lumbosacral nerve plexus.


somatization disorder

description: Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by a another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to factitious disorders and malingering, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (apa, dsm-V)


irregular astigmatism

description: A type of astigmatism in which the principle meridians are not 90 degrees apart and which is associated with loss of vision.


bacterial esophagitis

description: An acute bacterial infection that affects the esophagus. Symptoms include severe pain on swallowing and retrosternal pain. Endoscopic examination reveals esophageal mucosal ulcerations and pseudomembranous formations.


lacrimal duct obstruction

description: Blockage of the tear duct.


visual pathway disorder

description: A disorder of the neural pathway from the optic nerve to the visual cortex.


facial paralysis

description: Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. facial nerve diseases generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. neuromuscular junction diseases and muscular diseases may also cause facial paralysis or paresis.


amenorrhea

description: The absence of menses in a woman who has achieved reproductive age.


acute gonococcal salpingitis

description: Acute form of gonococcal salpingitis.


acute gonococcal prostatitis

description: Acute form of gonococcal prostatitis.


uterine corpus epithelioid leiomyoma

description: A morphologic variant of uterine corpus leiomyoma characterized by the presence of round or polygonal epithelioid smooth muscle cells forming clusters.


uterine corpus dissecting leiomyoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of uterine corpus leiomyoma. Macroscopically, it is characterized by large, fungating, and multinodular neoplasm masses arising from the uterine corpus, and extending into the broad ligament or the peritoneal cavity. Microscopically, it shows neoplastic smooth muscle cells infiltrating the myometrium. The neoplastic cells are arranged in a micronodular pattern. Hydropic changes and increased vascularity are also present.


uterine corpus myxoid leiomyoma

description: A morphologic variant of uterine corpus leiomyoma characterized by extensive myxoid degeneration of the neoplasm connective tissue stroma.


uterine corpus lipoleiomyoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of uterine corpus leiomyoma characterized by the presence of scattered islands of mature adipocytes within the smooth muscle neoplasm.


uterine corpus bizarre leiomyoma

description: A morphologic variant of uterine corpus leiomyoma characterized by significant cytologic atypia. The atypical cells are large with pleomophic hyperchromatic nuclei.


nuclear senile cataract

description: A senile cataract that involves the lens nucleus.


Morgagni cataract

description: A form of hypermature cataract formed by liquefaction of the cortex and sinking of the dense nucleus to the bottom of the capsular bag.


name: female breast lower-outer quadrant cancer


small intestine lymphoma

description: A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the small intestine.


lacrimal apparatus disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the lacrimal apparatus.


rubeosis iridis

description: Formation of new blood vessels on the iris. The new vessels do not display the typical radially symmertic growth pattern of normal iris blood vessels, but rather appear disorganized. Rubeosis usually starts from the pupillary border with tiny tufts of dilated capillaries or red spots that can only be appreciated with high magnification.


Brucella canis brucellosis

description: A brucellosis involving an infection caused by Brucella canis [NCBITaxon:36855] in dogs and humans. The disease has symptom fever, has symptom sweats, has symptom weakness, has symptom weight loss, has symptom headache, has symptom lymphadenopathy and has symptom splenomegaly.


Tietze syndrome

description: Idiopathic painful nonsuppurative swellings of one or more costal cartilages, especially of the second rib. The anterior chest pain may mimic that of coronary artery disease.


folic acid deficiency anemia

description: Anemia caused by folate deficiency.


aorta atresia

description: An aortic disease that is characterized by an absence of an opening from the left ventricle of the heart into the aorta.


bipolar I disorder

description: A bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one manic or mixed episode.


phaeohyphomycosis

description: An opportunistic fungal infection caused by any of a variety of normally saprophytic fungi with hyaline hyphal elements. For example, Fusarium spp. infect neutropenic patients to cause pneumonia, fungemia, and disseminated infection with cutaneous lesions.


primary angle-closure glaucoma

description: An angle-closure glaucoma characterized by closure of the anterior chamber angle by an intrinsic defect such that aqueous outflow is blocked and the intraocular pressure becomes inappropriately elevated leading to optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Primary angle-closure glaucoma has symptom progressive peripheral vision loss, decreased vision, and pain, redness, and headache in acute cases. Primary angle closure glaucoma can be caused by anatomically narrow angle, defects in the trabecular meshwork, and iris abnormalities. Primary angle-closure glaucoma has a strong genetic component.


paraurethral gland cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the paraurethral gland.


description: Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is an immunologic response of the kidney to infection, characterized by the sudden appearance of edema, hematuria, proteinuria and hypertension. It is essentially a disease of childhood that accounts for approximately 90% of renal disorders in children. The disease occurs especially in children between the ages of 2 and 12 years and young adults, and more often in male than in female.


acute diffuse glomerulonephritis

description: An acute inflammation of the glomeruli, in which all glomeruli are affected, resulting in acute renal failure.


geniculate ganglionitis

description: Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.


toxic labyrinthitis

description: A labyrinthitis induced by alcohol, drug ingestion, or occasionally, inhaled substances that are toxic to the inner ear. Drugs like aminoglycosides, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, acetylsalicyclic acid, amiodarone, quinine, cisplatinum, barbiturates, quinine, anti-Alzheimer's medications, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and anxiolytics can be ototoxic.


epicondylitis

description: Inflammation of the lateral epicondyle.


renal artery atheroma

description: A atherosclerosis that involves the renal artery.


name: infertility due to extratesticular cause


acquired hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

description: An instance of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


anus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the anus


toxic shock syndrome

description: A rare acute life-threatening systemic bacterial noncontagious illness caused by exotoxins from bacteria of either the Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus type. It is characterized by high fever, hypotension, rash, multi-organ dysfunction, and cutaneous desquamation during the early convalescent period. The toxins affect the host immune system, causing an exuberant and pathological host inflammatory response. Laboratory findings include leukocytosis, elevated prothrombin time, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, and pyuria.


bacteriuria

description: The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the urinary tract and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.


blue toe syndrome

description: A condition that is caused by recurring atheroembolism in the lower extremities. It is characterized by cyanotic discoloration of the toes, usually the first, fourth, and fifth toes. Discoloration may extend to the lateral aspect of the foot. Despite the gangrene-like appearance, blue toes may respond to conservative therapy without amputation.


abducens nerve neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a abducens nerve.


Allen-Masters syndrome

description: A syndrome characterized by laceration in the posterior leaf of broad ligament along with abnormally mobile cervix.


anus lymphoma

description: A usually large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of B-cell phenotype, arising from the anus. Lymphomas originating from the anal region are rare in the general population, but they are seen with a higher frequency in HIV-positive patients, particularly homosexual men.


ovarian dysfunction

description: The inability of the ovaries to function.


pulp erosion

description: A tooth erosion, non-bacterial that involves the dental pulp.


spinal cord lymphoma

description: A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the spinal cord as a primary lesion.


spinal cord melanoma

description: A melanoma (disease) that involves the spinal cord.


spinal cord sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that arises from the spinal cord.


acute retrobulbar neuritis

description: Acute form of retrobulbar neuritis.


obstructive hydrocephalus

description: An abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain that occurs as a consequence of an obstruction at any location within the ventricular system that prevents cerebrospinal fluid flowing into the subarachnoid space.


optic choroid disorder

description: A disease involving the optic choroid.


rheumatic congestive heart failure

description: Heart failure secondary to rheumatic fever.


selective IgG subclass deficiency

description: A classification of dysgammaglobulinemias characterized by low or undetectable serum levels of one of the four immunoglobulin class G (IgG) subclasses. Selective IgG1 deficiency is rare and primarily decreases the immune response to bacterial protein antigens. Selective IgG2 deficiency is the most common subclass deficiency among children and primarily leads to an inadequate response to bacterial polysaccharide antigens. Selective IgG3 deficiency is the most common subclass deficiency among adults and also primarily lowers the response to bacterial proteins. Selective IgG4 deficiency may be a clinically insignificant developmental variant, as IgG4 is a subclass that is virtually undetectable until the end of the first decade of life. Low levels of any IgG subclass will reduce the immune system's effectiveness and thus the clinical presentation of these diseases is usually recurrent infection, particularly by encapsulated bacteria.


congenital agammaglobulinemia

description: An instance of agammaglobulinemia that is present from birth.


adult dermatomyositis

description: Dermatomyositis in an adult.


renal tubular acidosis

description: A group of genetic disorders of the kidney tubules characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Defective renal acidification of urine (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as hypokalemia, hypercalcinuria with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, and rickets.


ochronosis disorder

description: A disorder characterized by bluish-black discoloration of the cartilaginous tissues due to accumulation of homogentisic acid. It is associated with alkaptonuria. Signs and symptoms include dark urine, skin pigmentation, and arthritis.


tracheal calcification

description: Abnormal deposits of calcium in the tracheal tissue.


acute frontal sinusitis

description: Acute form of frontal sinusitis.


oligospermia

description: Decreased number of spermatozoa in the semen.


scleromalacia perforans

description: A rare form of necrotizing anterior scleritis without pain in which the sclera is notably white, avascular and thin. Both choroidal exposure and staphyloma formation may occur.


orbital cyst

description: Presence of a cyst in the region of the periorbital tissues. Orbital cysts can be derived from epithelial or glandular tissue within or surrounding the orbit (lacrimal glands, salivary glands, conjunctival, oral, nasal, or sinus epithelium).


gastrointestinal tularemia

description: A tularemia that results in formation of ulcerative lesions located in gastrointestinal tract. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom chills, has symptom malaise, has symptom muscle aches, and has symptom vomiting.


chronic perichondritis of pinna

description: Chronic form of perichondritis of auricle.


cystoid macular retinal degeneration

description: A form of macular degeneration characterized by the presence of multiple cysts in the macula.


chronic purulent otitis media

description: Otitis media that persists for at least six weeks, and that is associated with otorrhea through a perforated tympanic membrane.


chronic atticoantral disease

description: A chronic purulent otitis media which involves perforation in the attic region (pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane) or at the posterosuperior margin, with in-growth of squamous epithelium into the middle ear. This is caused as a result of poor ventilation of the middle ear and episodes of infection.


pyoureter

description: An abscess that is located in the ureter.


name: dystrophies primarily involving the retinal pigment epithelium


name: retinal dystrophy in systemic or cerebroretinal lipidoses


ureteral disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the ureter.


pulmonary valve insufficiency

description: Dysfunction of the pulmonary valve characterized by incomplete valve closure.


suppurative cholangitis

description: Cholangitis that is characterized by pyogenic organisms.


ascending cholangitis

description: Acute infection of the bile ducts caused by bacteria ascending from the small intestine.


acute cholangitis

description: Cholangitis that is both sudden in onset and of a relatively short duration.


pericholangitis

description: Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the biliary ducts.


endocrine pancreas disorder

description: A disease involving the endocrine pancreas.


neurogenic arthropathy

description: Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly tabes dorsalis, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)


vulvar dystrophy

description: A non-neoplastic lesion that affects the vulva and is characterized by thinning or thickening of the skin and dryness.


skin epithelioid hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the skin. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.


pleuropneumonia

description: Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with pleurisy, inflammation of the pleura.


blindness (disorder)

description: The lack of vision. It is caused by neurological or physiological factors.


generalized anxiety disorder

description: An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive and difficult-to-control worry about a number of life situations. The worry is accompanied by restlessness, fatigue, inability to concentrate, irritability, muscle tension, and/or sleep disturbance and lasts for at least 6 months.


Plasmodium malariae malaria

description: Malaria resulting from infection by Plasmodium malariae.


mixed malaria

description: A malaria that involves infection with more than one species of Plasmodium at the same time.


postencephalitic Parkinson disease

description: A disease believed to be caused by a viral illness that triggers degeneration of the nerve cells in the substantia nigra. Overall, this degeneration leads to clinical parkinsonism.


suppurative thyroiditis

description: Acute inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland due to infections by bacteria; fungi; or other microorganisms. Symptoms include tender swelling, fever, and often with leukocytosis.


acute thyroiditis

description: Acute form of thyroiditis (disease).


Norwegian scabies

description: A rare, severe form of scabies that is associated with immunosuppression. It is characterized by an immense number of mites and hyperkeratotic crusted lesions, and is usually accompanied by lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia.


parietal lobe cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the parietal lobe


pyuria

description: The presence of excessive white blood cells in the urine as determined by urinalysis.


thrombophlebitis migrans

description: A thrombophlebitis that is characterized by repeated occurrences of thrombophlebitis in different locations.


protozoal dysentery

description: A dysentery that involves protozoan infection.


capillary leak syndrome

description: A syndrome characterized by leakage of intravascular fluids into the extravascular space. This syndrome is observed in patients who demonstrate a state of generalized leaky capillaries following shock syndromes, low-flow states, ischemia-reperfusion injuries, toxemias, medications, or poisoning. It can lead to generalized edema and multiple organ failure.


critical illness polyneuropathy

description: Polyneuropathy arising in intensive care unit patients.  It is a common complication of severe sepsis and is thought to represent a neurologic manifestation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).


name: chronic tubotympanic suppurative otitis media

description: A suppurative otitis media which is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear cleft characterized by the presence of a persisting perforation within the pars tensa of the tympanic membrane, intermittent profuse muco-purulent otorrhea and gradually progressive conductive hearing loss of more than 12 weeks duration. It is caused by episodes of upper respiratory infections.


chronic closed-angle glaucoma

description: Chronic form of angle-closure glaucoma.


gonadal dysgenesis

description: A congenital disorder characterized by the presence of extremely hypoplastic gonads preventing the development of secondary sex characteristics.


mixed gonadal dysgenesis

description: A type of defective gonadal development in patients with a wide spectrum of chromosomal mosaic variants. Their karyotypes are of partial sex chromosome monosomy resulting from an absence or an abnormal second sex chromosome (X or Y). Karyotypes include 45,X/46,xx; 45,X/46,xx/47,xxx; 46,xxp-; 45,X/46,xy; 45,X/47,xyy; 46,xypi; etc. The spectrum of phenotypes may range from phenotypic female to phenotypic male including variations in gonads and internal and external genitalia, depending on the ratio in each gonad of 45,X primordial germ cells to those with normal 46,xx or 46,xy constitution.


farmer's lung disease

description: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by the repeated exposure and inhalation of biological dust (such as hay dust, mold spores, or other agricultural products). It is considered a type II hypersensitivity inflammatory reaction. In the acute phase, signs and symptoms include fever, chills, cough, dyspnea, headache, and chest tightness. The subacute phase manifests as chronic cough, dyspnea, anorexia, and weight loss. The chronic phase results from the prolonged exposure to the antigen and is characterized by severe dyspnea and irreversible damage to the lungs.


Brucella melitensis brucellosis

description: A brucellosis that involves an infection caused by Brucella melitensis [NCBITaxon:29459] in cattle, goats, sheep and humans. The disease has symptom fever, has symptom malaise, has symptom anorexia, has symptom limb pain and has symptom back pain.


Brucella abortus brucellosis

description: A bacterial infection caused by Brucella abortus that spreads from cattle to humans. Brucella abortus can cause of range of signs and symptoms including fever, chills, sweats, weight loss, malaise, headaches, myalgia, and arthralgia.


hemangioma of orbit

description: A hemangioma arising from the orbit.


cavernous hemangioma of orbit

description: A cavernous hemangioma arising from the orbit.


chorea gravidarum

description: A rare movement disorder developed during pregnancy, characterized by involuntary jerky motion (chorea) and inability to maintain stable position of body parts (athetosis). rheumatic fever and collagen vascular disorders are frequently associated with this disease. Chorea may vary from mild to severe and occurs in approximately 1 per 2,000 to 3,000 pregnancies. (From Md Med J 1997 Sep;46(8):436-9)


ureteral lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that involves the ureter.


regional ureteric cancer

description: Carcinoma of the ureter without spread to any other region.


dumping syndrome

description: A disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. It is typically caused by the rapid emptying of undigested food from the stomach to the small intestine following gastroesophageal surgery but may be seen secondary to diabetes or the use of certain medications. Clinical signs may be seen 30-60 minutes after eating (early dumping): cramping, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea or they may be seen 1-3 hours later as a result of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (late dumping): sweating, dizziness, confusion and heart palpitations. Untreated, the clinical course progresses to malnutrition and weight loss.


Niemann-Pick disease

description: A group of inherited, severe metabolic disorders in which sphingomyelin accumulates in lysosomes in cells. The lysosomes normally transport material through and out of the cell.


candidal paronychia

description: A candidiasis that results in fungal infection of the outer-most layer located in nail, has material basis in Candida species. The infection causes painful, red, swollen area around the nail, often at the cuticle or at the site of a hangnail or other injury.


partial arterial retinal occlusion

description: A partial occlusion of the retinal artery.


atrophic glossitis

description: Glossy appearance of the entire tongue surface.


name: malignant cardiac peripheral nerve sheath neoplasm

description: A very rare malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the heart.


malignant cardiac germ cell tumor

description: A rare malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the pericardium.


rete testis adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the rete testis


seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the seminal vesicle


sphenoidal sinus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the sphenoidal sinus.


sphenoid sinus squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the mucosal epithelial surface of the sphenoid sinus. Patients may present with nasal fullness, obstruction, and/or epistaxis.


root resorption

description: Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Foster-Kennedy syndrome

description: An eye disorder characterized by an insidious reduction in vision in one eye, accompanied by clinically significant papilledema in the fellow eye. The unilateral loss of vision and optic atrophy is due to compressive optic atrophy, which causes elevated intracranial pressure that leads to swelling in the fellow eye.


primary pulmonary hypertension

description: Increased blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs; the etiology is unknown.


atheroembolism of kidney

description: A cholesterol embolism that involves the kidney.


serous labyrinthitis

description: A labyrinthitits in which bacterial toxins invade the inner ear. It is the most common complication of acute or chronic middle ear infections.


labyrinthitis

description: Inflammation of the inner ear. The cause is often not clear. It may be due to a virus, but it can also arise from bacterial infection, head injury, extreme stress, an allergy, or as a reaction to medication.


major depressive disorder

description: An episode of depression lasting two or more weeks without an intervening episode of mania.


FG syndrome

description: FG syndrome (FGS) is a genetic condition that affects many parts of the body and occurs almost exclusively in males. 'FG' represents the surname initials of the firstindividuals diagnosed with the disorder.People withFG syndrome frequently have intellectual disability ranging from mild to severe, hypotonia, constipation and/or anal anomalies, a distinctive facial appearance, broad thumbs and great toes,alarge head compared to body size (relative macrocephaly), and abnormalities of the corpus callosum. Medical problems including heart defects, seizures, undescended testicle, and an inguinal hernia have also been reported in some affected individuals. Researchers have identified five regions of the X chromosome that are linked to FG syndrome in affected families. Mutations in the MED12 gene appears to be the most common cause of this disorder, leading to FG syndrome 1. Other genes involved with FG syndrome include FLNA (FGS2), CASK (FGS4), UPF3B (FGS6), and BRWD3 (FGS7).FGS is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern.Individualized early intervention and educational services are important so that each child can reach their fullest potential.


methylmalonic acidemia

description: A rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations of the MUT, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, and MCEE genes. It is characterized by abnormalities in the metabolism of lipids and proteins. Signs and symptoms usually appear early in life and vary from mild to life threatening. They include vomiting, dehydration, hypotonia, developmental delays, hepatomegaly, lethargy, intellectual disabilities, and chronic kidney disease.


lymphangioma

description: A benign lesion composed of dilated lymphatic channels. Painless swelling is the usual clinical manifestation.


name: autosomal recessive Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, vascular type

description: The rare autosomal recessive form of the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. vEDS is almost always inherited in an autosomal dominant manner but rare examples of biallelic inheritance have been reported.


olivopontocerebellar atrophy

description: A group of sporadic and inherited neurodegenerative disorders affecting the cerebellum, pons, and inferior olives.


gingival disorder

description: A disease involving the gingiva.


disorder of orbital region

description: A disease that involves the orbital region.


psychiatric disorder

description: A disorder characterized by behavioral and/or psychological abnormalities, often accompanied by physical symptoms. The symptoms may cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of functioning. Representative examples include anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia.


candidiasis

description: Infection with the organism Candida.


avoidant personality disorder

description: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of avoidance of social situations and interpersonal contact due to overwhelming feelings of social inadequacy and a hypersensitivity to negative evaluation or rejection.


personality disorder

description: A diverse category of psychiatric disorders characterized by behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture; this pattern of deviation is pervasive and inflexible and is stable over time. The behavioral pattern negatively interferes with relationships and work.


chronic gonorrhea of cervix

description: Chronic form of gonococcal cervicitis.


chronic cervicitis

description: Chronic inflammation of the cervix.


cecal disorder

description: Pathological developments in the cecum.


colon carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the colon


cecum cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the caecum


cecum lymphoma

description: An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the cecum. The majority are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


colon lymphoma

description: An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the colon. The majority are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


penile disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the penis. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include phimosis, balanitis, and hypospadias. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hemangioma, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and penile carcinoma.


pleural disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pleura. Representative examples include pleural infection, pleural mesothelioma, and pleural solitary fibrous tumor.


head and neck carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the head and neck region. Representative examples include oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and salivary gland carcinoma.


cognitive disorder

description: A disease affects cognitive processes.


dermatomycosis

description: Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.


fungal infectious disease

description: An infection caused by a fungus.


mechanical ectropion

description: An ectropion with a mechanical etiology.


ectropion

description: The turning outward (eversion) of the edge of the eyelid, resulting in the exposure of the palpebral conjunctiva. (Dorland, 27th ed)


communicating hydrocephalus

description: An abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain that occurs as a consequence of impaired cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption by the arachnoid granulations.


alcohol abuse

description: The use of alcoholic beverages to excess, either on individual occasions ("binge drinking") or as a regular practice.


pulmonary systemic sclerosis

description: Evidence of systemic sclerosis with lung involvement.


description: A general class of thrombocytopenia due to immune destruction of platelets. It includes idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, as well as immune destruction-related thrombocytopenias due to other reasons (e.g., AIDS, transfusion, lupus erythematosus).


thrombocytopenia

description: A laboratory test result indicating that there is an abnormally small number of platelets in the circulating blood.


depressive disorder

description: A melancholy feeling of sadness and despair.


integumentary system disorder

description: A disease involving the integumental system.


lymphadenitis

description: Acute or chronic inflammation of one or more lymph nodes. It is usually caused by an infectious process.


benign eccrine breast spiradenoma

description: A very rare, benign sweat gland neoplasm that affects the breast. It is characterized by the proliferation of basaloid epithelial cells.


breast fibroadenoma

description: A benign tumor of the breast characterized by the presence of stromal and epithelial elements. It presents as a painless, solitary, slow growing, firm, and mobile mass. It is the most common benign breast lesion. It usually occurs in women of childbearing age. The majority of fibroadenomas do not recur after complete excision. A slightly increased risk of developing cancer within fibroadenomas or in the breast tissue of patients previously treated for fibroadenomas has been reported.


breast leiomyoma

description: A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


breast adenoma

description: A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm that arises from the breast. Representative examples include apocrine adenoma, tubular adenoma, and pleomorphic adenoma.


intraductal papilloma

description: An intraluminal papillary epithelial neoplasm arising within the ducts. Representative examples are the intraductal breast papilloma and the salivary gland intraductal papilloma.


intraductal papillary breast neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant papillary neoplasm that arises anywhere in the ductal system of the breast. It is characterized by fibrovascular structures lined by epithelial proliferations. This category includes intraductal papilloma and intraductal papillary carcinoma.


breast myofibroblastoma

description: A myofibroblastoma occurring in the breast of both women and men. It presents as a slowly growing mass.


breast angiomatosis

description: A benign diffuse vascular proliferation in the breast. It is characterized by the formation of capillary-sized and cavernous vascular spaces.


benign breast adenomyoepithelioma

description: A benign, nodular tumor that arises from the breast parenchyma. It is characterized by the proliferation of myoepithelial cells around spaces that are lined by epithelial cells. Occasionally, adenomyoepitheliomas may undergo malignant transformation.


breast adenomyoepithelioma

description: A usually benign tumor arising from the breast. It is characterized by the proliferation of cells with myoepithelial differentiation around spaces which are lined by epithelial cells. Rarely, the epithelial and/or myoepithelial cells may undergo malignant transformation. Cases with malignant transformation may follow an aggressive clinical course, including recurrences and local and distant metastases.


name: female breast upper-inner quadrant cancer


name: female breast lower-inner quadrant cancer


female breast axillary tail cancer

description: A cancer that involves the UBERON:0035289.


ventricular septal defect

description: The presence of a defect (opening) in the septum that separates the two ventricles of the heart. It can be congenital or acquired.


supratentorial cancer

description: Primary and metastatic (secondary) tumors of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, a fold of dura mater separating the CEREBELLUM and brain STEM from the cerebral hemispheres and DIENCEPHALON (i.e., THALAMUS and HYPOTHALAMUS and related structures). In adults, primary neoplasms tend to arise in the supratentorial compartment, whereas in children they occur more frequently in the infratentorial space. Clinical manifestations vary with the location of the lesion, but SEIZURES; APHASIA; HEMIANOPSIA; hemiparesis; and sensory deficits are relatively common features. Metastatic supratentorial neoplasms are frequently multiple at the time of presentation.


melanotic neuroectodermal tumor

description: A rare neoplasm usually occurring in infants. It is characterized by the presence of a mixture of melanin-containing epithelial cells and smaller neuroblast-like cells. It may involve the skull and facial bones, or the epididymis. It usually has a benign clinical course.


name: malignant pineal area germ cell neoplasm

description: A malignant germ cell tumor that arises in the pineal region. Representative examples include germinoma, immature teratoma, choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumor.


Behcet syndrome arthropathy

description: Arthropathy resulting from Behcet's syndrome.


pneumothorax

description: Abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity.


heart septal defect

description: A congenital disorder characterized by the presence of an abnormal communication between the atria or the ventricles of the heart due to defects in the cardiac septum.


musculoskeletal system disorder

description: A disease involving the musculoskeletal system.


endocrine gland neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells of an endocrine organ. Representative examples include pituitary gland adenoma, pituitary gland carcinoma, thyroid gland carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, and neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Richter syndrome

description: Transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia into aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, usually diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (immunoblastic or centroblastic variant). Occasional cases of transformation to Hodgkin's lymphoma have also been described, particularly in patients treated with purine nucleotide analogs. Molecular genetic studies suggest that in approximately half of the cases, the lymphoma is clonally related to the underlying chronic lymphocytic leukemia, whereas in the remaining cases the lymphoma probably represents a secondary, unrelated neoplasm.


benign shuddering attacks

description: Uncommon, involuntary movements of the head and upper extremities resembling shivering and straining seen in infants and children during normal activities and without impaired consciousness or epileptiform electroencephalogram (EEG).  Resolution or improvement by age 2 or 3 is often noted.


clear cell acanthoma

description: An acanthoma characterized by the presence of psoriasiform epidermal acanthosis and basal cells with pale cytoplasm.


peritoneum cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the peritoneum


retinal vascular occlusion

description: An occlusion of the retinal vasculature.


eccrine sweat gland neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a eccrine sweat gland.


small intestine leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the small intestine. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


acanthoma

description: A benign skin neoplasm composed of epithelial cells.


vascular cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from the blood vessels.


malignant conjunctival melanoma

description: A malignant melanoma within the conjunctiva of the eye.


facial nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the facial nerve.


name: Histoplasma capsulatum infectious disease

description: An disease or disorder caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


cardiovascular cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the cardiovascular system.


facial nerve neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a facial nerve.


cheilitis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the lip.


factitious disorder

description: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are intentionally produced in order to assume the sick role; there is no external incentive for the behavior, such as economic gain or avoiding legal responsibility, and the person is unaware of any self-motivating factors.


conversion disorder

description: Conversion disorder is a disorder in which a person experiences blindness, paralysis, or other symptoms affecting the nervous system that cannot be explained solely by a physical illness or injury. Symptoms usually begin suddenly after a period of emotional or physical distress or psychological conflict. Conversion disorder is thought to be caused by the bodys reaction to a stressful physical or emotional event. Some research has identified potential neurological changes that may be related to symptoms of the disorder. Diagnosis of conversion disorder is based on identifying particular signs that are common among people with the disorder, as well as performing tests to rule out other causes of the symptoms. Treatment may include psychotherapy, hypnosis, and stress management training to help reduce symptoms. Treatment of any underlying psychological disorder is also recommended. The affected body part may require physical or occupational therapy until symptoms resolve.


toxic megacolon

description: An acute form of megacolon, severe pathological dilatation of the colon. It is associated with clinical conditions such as ulcerative colitis; crohn disease; amebic dysentery; or clostridium enterocolitis.


thyroid cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the thyroid gland


pituitary cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the pituitary gland. Representative examples include functioning or non-functioning carcinomas arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, chordomas, chondrosarcomas, and metastatic carcinomas from the breast, lung, and gastrointestinal tract.


adrenal rest tumor

description: A benign, testicular or ovarian tumor, derived from adrenal embryonic rest cells. It is composed of hyperplastic adrenal cortical tissue, and it is associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.


benign peritoneal mesothelioma

description: A rare, benign neoplasm that arises from the peritoneum and is characterized by the presence of gland like structures. Cytologic atypia is absent.


peritoneal carcinoma

description: A peritoneum cancer that is located in the inside of the abdomen.


pancreas lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the pancreas with the bulk of the tumor localized to this organ. The vast majority of cases are non-Hodgkin lymphomas of B-cell phenotype and include mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, follicular lymphomas, and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.


malignant exocrine pancreas neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue.


pancreas sarcoma

description: A rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm that occurs primarily in the pancreas.


urinary system disorder

description: A disease involving the renal system.


ossifying fibroma

description: A well circumscribed lesion of the bone, most frequently arising from the posterior mandible. It is characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue and a mineralized component which may be woven bone, lamellar bone, or cementum-like material. Complete removal is recommended, since it continues to enlarge if left untreated.


neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm composed of cells containing secretory granules that stain positive for NSE and chromogranin. The neoplastic cells are often round and form clusters or trabecular sheets. Representative examples are small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma.


mononeuritis simplex

description: Neuritis of a single nerve.


neuritis

description: A neuropathy arising from inflammation of one or more nerves.


calcinosis

description: Deposition of calcium in the tissues. It may be the result of a metabolic disorder or long-standing infection, or it may be associated with the presence of cancer.


status epilepticus

description: A life-threatening situation in which the brain is in a continuous state of seizure.


urethral stricture

description: Narrowing of any part of the urethra. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.


mononeuritis multiplex

description: A painful asymmetric asynchronous sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy involving isolated damage to at least 2 separate nerve areas; associated with (but not limited to) systemic disorders such as diabetes, vasculitis, amyloidosis, direct tumor involvement, polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and paraneoplastic syndromes. It also may be associated with Lyme disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren syndrome, cryoglobulinemia, hypereosinophilia, temporal arteritis, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, leprosy, acute viral hepatitis A, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.


bone cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the bone or articular cartilage.


upper limb mononeuronitis

description: A disease affecting a single peripheral nerve of the upper limb.


jaw cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the jaw skeleton


skull cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the skull.


chronic rheumatic pericarditis

description: Chronic form of rheumatic pericarditis.


physiological sexual disorder

description: Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.


optic nerve disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the optic nerve (second cranial nerve).


allergic contact dermatitis of eyelid

description: A allergic contact dermatitis that involves the eyelid.


sigmoid disease

description: Pathological processes in the sigmoid colon region of the large intestine (intestine, large).


vagina sarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the vagina. Representative examples include botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and endometrioid stromal sarcoma.


name: cutaneous undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

description: An undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma arising from the skin. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells in a storiform pattern and histiocytes with abundant cytoplasm.


undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

description: An undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma characterized by the presence of a pleomorphic malignant cellular infiltrate. It is also known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma.


vaginal yolk sac tumor

description: A rare yolk sac tumor that arises from the vagina. Patients present with abnormal vaginal bleeding or bloody discharge.


disorder of sexual differentiation

description: A congenital disorder characterized by abnormalities in the development of the sexual characteristics.


hypogonadism

description: A disorder characterized by decreased function of the gonads. Clinical manifestations in both males and females include poor libido, infertility, and osteoporosis. Additional signs in males include erectile dysfunction, muscle atrophy, gynecomastia and increased abdominal fat. In females, additional signs include shrinking of the breasts and loss of, or failure to develop menstruation.


reproductive system cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the reproductive organ


hypothalamic disorder

description: Neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and other diseases of the hypothalamus. Clinical manifestations include appetite disorders; autonomic nervous system diseases; sleep disorders; behavioral symptoms related to dysfunction of the limbic system; and neuroendocrine disorders.


telogen effluvium

description: A scalp hair loss condition characterized by excessive shedding of hair in the resting phase of growth, usually following a fever or major body stress.


trichomoniasis

description: An infection that is caused by Trichomonas.


cholecystitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammation involving the gallbladder wall. It may be associated with the presence of gallstones.


fallopian tube disorder

description: A disease involving the fallopian tube.


fallopian tube cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the fallopian tube. Representative examples include carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


fallopian tube leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


fallopian tube adenosarcoma

description: An extremely rare malignant neoplasm that arises from the fallopian tube and is characterized by the presence of a benign epithelial component and a sarcomatous component.


thymus lipoma

description: A well-circumscribed tumor of the thymus composed of islands of normal thymic parenchyma and mature adipose tissue. It is not clear if thymolipoma is a neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesion.


rectal neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the rectum. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Rectal adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.


rectum lymphoma

description: An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the rectum. The majority are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


rectum malignant melanoma

description: An aggressive malignant melanocytic neoplasm that arises from the rectum.


rectum sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the rectum. Representative examples include angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


rectum adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from the rectum. It is more frequently seen in populations with a Western type diet and in patients with a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Signs and symptoms include intestinal bleeding, anemia, and change in bowel habits. According to the degree of cellular differentiation, rectal adenocarcinomas are divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma.


chronic eustachian salpingitis

description: Chronic form of otosalpingitis.


giant cell tumor

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant tumor that arises from the bone or soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells.


otosalpingitis

description: An inflammatory disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the pharyngotympanic tube.


neuroma

description: A tumor that grows from a nerve or is composed of nerve cells and nerve fibers.


preretinal fibrosis

description: A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) retinal pigment epithelial cells. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the posterior pole of the eye without clinical signs or may cause marked loss of vision as a result of covering, distorting, or detaching the fovea centralis. Epiretinal membranes may cause vascular leakage and secondary retinal edema. In younger individuals some membranes appear to be developmental in origin and occur in otherwise normal eyes. The majority occur in association with retinal holes, ocular concussions, retinal inflammation, or after ocular surgery. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p291)


name: degeneration of macula and posterior pole


hyperinsulinism

description: Abnormally high levels of insulin in the blood.


placenta cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the placenta.


exostosis

description: Non-neoplastic overgrowth of bone.


communication disorder

description: A disorder characterized by an individual's inability to comprehend or share ideas or feelings because of an impairment in language, speech, or hearing.


enthesopathy

description: A disorder involving the attachment of a tendon or ligament to a bone


drug-induced hepatitis

description: Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse drug effect. The adverse effect may result from a direct toxic effect of a drug or metabolite, or an idiosyncratic response to a drug or metabolite.


hyperostosis

description: Excessive thickening of bone.


acute maxillary sinusitis

description: Acute form of maxillary sinusitis.


vulvar disease

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the vulva. Representative examples include infection, Bartholin gland adenoma, and vulvar carcinoma.


vulvar nodular hidradenoma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from sweat glands in the vulva and is characterized by the presence of lobules composed of epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm.


nodular hidradenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the sweat glands. It presents as a nodular lesion usually in the scalp, trunk, and proximal extremities. It is characterized by a nodular growth pattern. Complete excision is curative.