name: protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetyl-mannosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetyl-mannosamine(out) = protein histidine +N-acetyl- mannosamine-6-phosphate(in).


name: DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Synthesis of DNA that is a part of the process of duplicating one or more molecules of DNA.


peptidyl-histidine autophosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own histidine residues, or a histidine residue on an identical protein.


inflammatory response to wounding

description: The immediate defensive reaction by vertebrate tissue to injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + acetyl-CoA = N6-acetyl-L-lysine + CoA + H+.


sensory organ morphogenesis

description: Morphogenesis of a sensory organ. A sensory organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to receive and transmit signals from external or internal stimuli. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


name: nematode male tail mating organ morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the nematode male tail mating organ are generated and organized. The male tail is a sensory organ required for mating and, in C. elegans, consists of ray sensilla, an acellular cuticular fan, a sensory hook, and protracting, copulatory spicules.


male anatomical structure morphogenesis

description: The processes by which anatomical structures that are only present in the male organism are generated and organized.


alpha-glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-linked alpha-D-glucose residue with release of alpha-D-glucose.


alpha-1,3-glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->3)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


enucleation

description: The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus.


sieve element enucleation

description: The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus as part of sieve element differentiation. The nuclear contents are released and degraded in the cytoplasm at the same time as other organelles are rearranged and the cytosol is degraded.


sieve element differentiation

description: The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve element.


surface biofilm formation

description: A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at the surface of a liquid-air interface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


submerged biofilm formation

description: A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


name: single-species surface biofilm formation

description: A process in which microorganisms produce an extracellular matrix and form multicellular aggregates at an air-liquid interface.


name: single-species submerged biofilm formation

description: A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


bundle sheath cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a bundle sheath cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


name: ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process is independent of ubiquitination.


cAMP deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic adenosine monophosphate + H2O = cyclic inosine monophosphate + NH3.


5'-deoxyadenosine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5'deoxyadenosine + H2O = 5'deoxyinosine + NH3.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5'methyl thioadenosine + H2O = 5'methyl thioinosine + NH3.


mitochondrial mRNA processing

description: Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the mitochondrial genome into mature mRNAs.


mitochondrial mRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule that derives from the mitochondrial genome.


mitochondrial mRNA 5'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an mRNA molecule that derives from the mitochondrial genome.


DNA clamp unloading

description: The process of removing the PCNA complex from DNA when Okazaki fragments are completed or the replication fork terminates.


meiotic spindle pole

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Either of the ends of a meiotic spindle, a spindle that forms as part of meiosis, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


name: endoribonuclease activity, cleaving miRNA-paired mRNA

description: Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA in a double-stranded RNA molecule formed by the base pairing of an mRNA with an miRNA.


name: siRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization

description: An siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), an siRNA will typically direct cleavage by base pairing with perfect or near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA.


plant epidermis morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the plant epidermis are generated and organized.


plant epidermal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a plant epidermal cell.


plant epidermal cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a plant epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


lagging strand initiation

description: The process in which the synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction is started.


activation of GTPase activity

description: Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase through the replacement of GDP by GTP.


name: N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) cytidylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + Neu5Gc = diphosphate + CMP-Neu5Gc.


name: keto-deoxynonulosonic acid (KDN) cytidylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + KDN = diphosphate + CMP-KDN.


microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

description: The directed killing of a target cell by a microglial cell.


extracellular core region of desmosome

description: The desmosomal part containing the desmosomal cadherins, desmogleins and desmocollins, that establish contact and adhere to neighboring cells in a Ca2+-dependent manner.


outer dense plaque of desmosome

description: The desmosomal part containing plakoglobins, plakophilins, the N-termini of desmoplakins, as well as the cytoplasmic tails of the desmosomal cadherins, which together attach the plaque to the plasma membrane.


inner dense plaque of desmosome

description: The desmosomal part containing the C-termini of desmoplakins which interact with the keratin intermediate filaments, serving to tether the intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane.


name: phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine

description: The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that depends on direct conversion of the phosphatidyl-base phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine by successive methylations.


name: phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from choline and CDP-diacylglycerol

description: The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves a one-step direct condensation of choline with CDP-diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine.


name: phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

description: The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves the two-step acylation of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to a phosphatidylcholine.


microsporidian-type endospore

description: The middle layer in a microsporidian spore wall that lies under the exospore and outside the plasma membrane, containing chitin and proteins.


microsporidian-type exospore

description: The dense, protein rich outermost layer of a microsporidian spore wall that lies above the endospore.


inflorescence phyllotactic patterning

description: The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of flowers around a central axis in an inflorescence meristem.


age-related resistance

description: An innate immune response that is positively correlated with host plant development. As a plant develops, its innate resistance to pathogenic infections increases. The mechanisms involved in age-related resistance differ in nature or in aspects of regulation from the hypersensitive response (HR), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR).


mitochondrial tRNA processing

description: The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group, in the mitochondrion.


response to environmental enrichment

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the provision of a combination of complex inanimate and social stimulations in the organism's housing environment.


response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


name: cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


apical cytoplasm

description: The region of the cytoplasm located at the apical side of the cell. Used in reference to animal polarized epithelial cells.


basolateral cytoplasm

description: The region of the cytoplasm located at the basolateral side of the cell. Used in reference to animal polarized epithelial cells.


apical recycling endosome

description: Tubulo-vesicular structure located in the apical cytoplasm that participates in apical cargo recycling in polarized epithelial cells.


basolateral recycling endosome

description: Tubulo-vesicular structure located in the basolateral cytoplasm that participates in basolateral cargo recycling in polarized epithelial cells.


name: double-stranded/single-stranded junction telomeric DNA binding

description: Binding to a junction formed at the point where double-stranded telomeric DNA becomes a single-stranded G-rich telomeric DNA 3' overhang.


t-circle formation

description: A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of a telomeric circle, or t-circle. A t-circle is an extrachromosomal duplex or single-stranded circular DNA molecule composed of t-arrays. T-circles are involved in the control of telomere length via alternative-lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway and telomere rapid deletion (TRD).


telomeric loop disassembly

description: The telomere maintenance process in which telomeric loops are disassembled to permit efficient telomere replication.


cone matrix sheath

description: A biochemically and structurally distinct domain of the retinal interphotoreceptor matrix that is specifically associated with cone photoreceptor cell inner and outer segments.


walking behavior

description: The behavior of an organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


cerebrospinal fluid circulation

description: The neurological system process driven by motile cilia on ependymal cells of the brain by which cerebrospinal fluid circulates from the sites of secretion to the sites of absorption. In ventricular cavities, the flow is unidirectional and rostrocaudal, in subarachnoid spaces, the flow is multi-directional.


box H/ACA telomerase RNP complex

description: A box H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the RNA component of vertebrate telomerase, the enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. This ribonucleoprotein complex is a structural box H/ACA RNP, which does not have the catalytic pseudouridylation function shared by the majority of H/ACA RNPs present in the cell.


galanin-activated signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the peptide neurotransmitter galanin binding to a cell surface receptor.


response to high population density

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a higher than normal number of multicellular organisms living per unit area.


glycoprotein complex

description: A protein complex containing at least one glycosylated protein, may be held together by both covalent and noncovalent bonds.


scaRNA localization to Cajal body

description: A process in which a small Cajal body-specific RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.


name: cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

description: The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).


name: endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

description: The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).


telomerase RNA stabilization

description: Prevention of degradation of telomerase RNA (TERC) molecules.


RNA localization to Cajal body

description: A process in which an RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.


name: telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body

description: A process in which telomerase RNA (TERC) is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.


telomerase RNA localization

description: Any process in which telomerase RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


endothelial cell-matrix adhesion

description: The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


name: endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

description: The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via fibronectin.


intermicrovillar adhesion

description: The cell-cell adhesion process by which adjacent microvilli attach to each other through Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links made of protocadherin-24 and mucin-like protocadherin.


name: calcium ion transmembrane transport via low voltage-gated calcium channel

description: A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of a low voltage-gated calcium channel.


reversible differentiation

description: A phenotypic switching process where a cell reversibly differentiates and dedifferentiates from one cell type into another.


name: cell dedifferentiation involved in phenotypic switching

description: A cell dedifferentiation process that is a part of a reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations.


name: cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

description: A cell differentiation process that is a part of a reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations.


name: viral release via disruption of host outer membrane

description: The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell via the destabilization of the cell outer membrane.


GPCR taste receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of taste.


GPCR bitter taste receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of bitter taste.


GPCR sweet taste receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of sweet taste.


contact chemoreceptor activity

description: A non-GPCR transmembrane signaling receptor activity that is responsible for contact chemoreception.


RNA localization to nucleus

description: A macromolecular localization process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a location within the nucleus.


name: glycine betaine-activated nonselective monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when glycine betaine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: activation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint

description: Any process that starts the inactive process of a meiosis I cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.


cleavage furrow rim

description: The part of the cleavage furrow closest to the cell surface.


cleavage furrow leading edge

description: The 'trough' of the cleavage furrow. This is the part of the cleavage furrow closest to the contractile ring.


formation of plant organ boundary

description: The regionalization process that specifies plant organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


mitochondrial membrane scission site

description: The site on the mitochondrial membrane where the separation of a single continuous mitochondrial membrane into two membranes occurs as a final step in mitochondrial fission.


plant organ senescence

description: A plant organ developmental process during which a plant dismantles cellular components to reclaim the cellular building blocks and nutrients that have been deposited in the plant organs during growth.


Scc2-Scc4 cohesin loading complex

description: A eukaryotically conserved heterodimeric protein complex (comprising adherin and the chromatid cohesion factor MAU2/Scc4/Ssl3) required for the loading of a cohesin, complex onto DNA.


name: Wpl/Pds5 cohesin loading/unloading complex

description: A eukaryotically conserved heterodimeric protein complex (comprising Wings apart-like protein and the Pds5 Armadillo repeat cohesin associated protein) involved in the loading and unloading of a cohesin complex onto DNA.


post-embryonic plant organ development

description: Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase of a plant tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


name: post-embryonic plant organ morphogenesis

description: Morphogenesis, during the post-embryonic phase, of a plant tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis pertains to process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


post-embryonic plant morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after plant embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


maintenance of plant organ identity

description: The process in which the identity of a plant organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


specification of plant organ identity

description: The regionalization process in which the identity of a plant organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = O-D-glucosylnicotinate + UDP.


trichome papilla

description: A plant cell papilla that is part of a trichome cell.


specification of plant organ position

description: The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which plant organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new plant organ.


name: establishment of plant organ orientation

description: The process that determines the orientation of a plant organ or tissue with reference to an axis.


name: specification of plant organ axis polarity

description: The process in which the polarity of a plant organ axis is specified.


name: regulation of timing of plant organ formation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plant organ formation at a consistent predetermined time point during development.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-mevalonate 5-phosphate = ADP + isopentenyl phosphate + CO2 + phosphate.


FMN hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: FMN + H2O = phosphate + riboflavin.


basal pole of outer hair cell

description: The end of the outer hair cell which receives and transmits neural signals.


immunological memory process

description: Any process of the immune system that can contribute to the formation of immunological memory or an immune response based upon activation of immunological memory.


innate immunity memory response

description: An immune response mediated by the innate immune system and directed against a previously encountered immunologic stimulus, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the initial response to that stimulus.


immunological memory formation process

description: Any immunological memory process that can contribute to the formation of immunological memory.


adaptive immune memory response

description: An immune response directed against a previously encountered antigen, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the primary response.


name: adaptive immune memory response involving T cells and B cells

description: An immune response mediated by reactivated memory T cells and B cells and directed against a previously encountered antigen, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the primary response.


adaptive immune effector response

description: An adaptive immune response that involves one or more immune effector processes and takes place during the effector phase of the adaptive immune response.


description: An adaptive immune effector response involving T cells and B lineage cells. In the case of B lineage cells, the effector cells are the antibody secreting plasma cells whereas for T cells the effector cells may be helper T cells or cytotoxic T cells.


primary adaptive immune response

description: An adaptive immune response against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.


name: primary adaptive immune response involving T cells and B cells

description: An adaptive immune response mediated by naive T or B cells against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.


receptor-receptor interaction

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of two or more different receptor complexes that individually undergo combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to form a higher level receptor complex. The formation of the higher level complex initiates a change in cell function.


central region of growth cone

description: The center of the migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.


peripheral region of growth cone

description: The non-central region or periphery of the migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.


cortical dynamic polarity patch

description: A region of the cell cortex that contains a higher concentration of growth polarity factors than the surrounding cortex and that changes position over time. An example is found in fission yeast cells during early mating, in which the GTPase Cdc42 dynamically to discrete zones within the cortex prior to shmoo formation.


positive regulation of brood size

description: Any process that increases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


negative regulation of brood size

description: Any process that decreases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


toxin activity

description: Interacting selectively with one or more biological molecules in another (target) organism, initiating pathogenesis (leading to an abnormal, generally detrimental state) in the target organism. The activity should refer to an evolved function of the active gene product, i.e. one that was selected for. Examples include the activity of botulinum toxin, and snake venom.


Las1 complex

description: A four subunit complex, that comprises all the necessary RNA processing enzymes (endonuclease, polynucleotide kinase, and exonuclease) to mediate 'cistronic rRNA transcript ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer) cleavage' (GO:0000448).


name: cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


cofilin-actin rod

description: A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and disulfide cross-linked cofilin multimers.


tenascin complex

description: A extracellular matrix complex involved in cell adhesion and cell migration. Typically homotrimeric or homohexameric. In mammals, four complexes exist: Tenascin-C, Tenascin-N (also known as Tenascin-W), Tenascin-X and Tenascin-R.


site of DNA damage

description: A region of a chromosome at which DNA damage has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.


DNA repair complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a DNA repair complex.


MATH domain binding

description: Binding to a meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) domain.


name: telomere maintenance via telomere trimming

description: A process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure via the activation of telomere shortening pathways that compensate telomerase-dependent excessive telomere elongation. Telomere attrition is mediated by a mechanism which involves the generation of single-stranded C-rich telomeric DNA, and the formation and removal of double-stranded telomeric circular DNA (T-circles). Telomere trimming is an independent pathway to recombination-mediated telomere elongation and the well-documented gradual telomere attrition that accompanies cellular replication.


pigment granule membrane

description: Any membrane that is part of a pigment granule.


name: glycolysis from storage polysaccharide through glucose-1-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a storage polysaccharide into pyruvate through a glucose-1-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD to NADH.


response to nematicide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nematicide stimulus. Nematicides are chemicals used to kill nematodes.


name: acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an acetylcholine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


ceramide binding

description: Binding to a ceramide, a class of lipids composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. Ceramides are a major component of cell membranes.


mitochondrial inner boundary membrane

description: The portion of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is not invaginated to form cristae. The inner boundary membrane lies parallel to the outer membrane.


adipokinetic hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with an adipokinetic hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are protein or peptide hormones that are important for sugar and fat homeostasis in metazoa. In insects, they mobilize sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis.


adipokinetic hormone binding

description: Binding to an adipokinetic hormone. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are peptide hormones that are involved in the mobilization of sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis.


adipokinetic hormone receptor binding

description: Binding to an adipokinetic hormone receptor. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are peptide hormones that are involved in the mobilization of sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis.


name: regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of internal levels of plasma lipoprotein particles within an organism.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (EE)-geranyllinalool + NADPH + O2 = 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C18-farnesylacetone and then cleaved to produce 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) and acetone.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 = (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C11-geranylacetone and then cleaved to produce (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) and acetone.


energy homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure.


name: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex.


name: cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


name: response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


phagocytic vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of a phagocytic vesicle.


ciliary plasm

description: All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium.


L27 domain binding

description: Binding to a L27 domain of a protein. L27 is composed of conserved negatively charged amino acids and a conserved aromatic amino acid. L27 domains can assemble proteins involved in signaling and establishment and maintenance of cell polarity into complexes by interacting in a heterodimeric manner.


renal protein absorption

description: A renal system process in which proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).


renal albumin absorption

description: A renal system process in which albumin is taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron.


COPII receptor activity

description: Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a COPII transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles.


name: lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs

description: The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen or Peyer's patches, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen.


lymphocyte migration into lymph node

description: The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into a lymph node, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen.


fructose 6-phosphate aldolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-6-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


MPP7-DLG1-LIN7 complex

description: A heterotrimeric protein complex formed by the association of MMP7, DLG1 and either LIN7A or LIN7C; regulates the stability and localization of DLG1 to cell junctions.


dendritic cell dendrite assembly

description: Formation of dendrites, branched cellular projections (or cytoplasmic extension) that are extended from the surface of a dendritic immune cell, and which enable the cell to sample luminal pathogens and increase the surface area for antigen presentation to T cells.


name: ubiquitin-protein transferase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase.


dendritic cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


name: mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation

description: The process in which antigen-activated dendritic cells acquire the specialized features of a mature conventional dendritic cell. Mature conventional dendritic cells upregulate the surface expression of MHC molecules, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and increase the number of dendrites (cytoplasmic protrusions) in preparation for migration to lymphoid organs where they present antigen to T cells.


CENP-A containing nucleosome binding

description: Binding to a centromere-specific nucleosome, a form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).


name: regulation of membrane lipid distribution

description: Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of lipids in a cellular membrane.


name: regulation of plasma membrane sterol distribution

description: Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of sterols in the plasma membrane.


heme export

description: The directed movement of heme out of a cell or organelle.


perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum

description: The portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. The lumen of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum is contiguous with the nuclear envelope lumen (also called perinuclear space), the region between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.


protein linear polyubiquitination

description: A protein ubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is added to a protein.


phthiocerol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phthiocerol, a lipid-based 1,3-glycol consisting of (3S,4R)-3-methoxy-4-methylnonacosane having (9R)- and (11S)-hydroxy substituents.


name: phenolic phthiocerol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenolic phthiocerol, a phthiocerol derivative having a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at the 29-position.


name: phosphatidylserine exposure on blood platelet

description: A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the surface of activated blood platelets, and triggers the clotting system.


name: replication fork progression beyond termination site

description: Regulation of DNA replication by a mechanism that allows a DNA replication fork to progress beyond a termination site, which is a region containing fork pausing elements that influence the progression and merging of DNA replication forks.


DNA replication termination region

description: A chromosomal region that contains fork pausing elements influencing the progression and merging of DNA replication forks.


dendritic cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a dendritic cell, a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


motor neuron apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


name: type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


name: establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


L-kynurenine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine).


L-kynurenine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine).


L-glutamate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


agmatine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)). Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase.


TRAF2-GSTP1 complex

description: A protein complex comprising tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1). This complex is thought to disrupt the TNF signaling cascade, thus down-regulating inflammatory responses.


CRLF-CLCF1 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene) and cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (product of the CRLF gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space. The CRLF-CLCF1 complex is a ligand for the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor complex.


CNTFR-CLCF1 complex

description: A protein complex that is composed of two soluble ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha subunits (product of the CNTFR gene) and two molecules of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene). The complex is secreted into the extracellular space.


synaptic membrane

description: A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.


dendritic spine organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dendritic spine. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.


dendritic spine maintenance

description: The organization process that preserves a dendritic spine in a stable functional or structural state. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.


cadmium ion sensor activity

description: Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of cadmium (Cd++).


anterior head development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior part of the head over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


response to thyroid hormone

description: A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.


name: cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus

description: A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.


response to thyroxine

description: A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.


cellular response to thyroxine stimulus

description: A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.


ductus arteriosus closure

description: The morphogenesis process in which the ductus arteriosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth. The ductus arteriosus is the shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which allows blood to bypass the fetus' lungs.


interferon regulatory factor complex

description: A protein complex that consists of two interferon regulatory proteins (IRFs); may be homodimeric or heterodimeric. The activation of a latent closed conformation of IRF in the cytoplasm is triggered by phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues in a C-terminal region. Phosphorylation stimulates the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain to attain a highly extended conformation triggering dimerization through extensive contacts to a second subunit.


interferon regulatory factor 3 complex

description: An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a homodimer of interferon regulatory factor 3.


interferon regulatory factor 5 complex

description: An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a homodimer of interferon regulatory factor 5.


interferon regulatory factor 7 complex

description: An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a homodimer of interferon regulatory factor 7.


name: interferon regulatory factor 3-interferon regulatory factor 7 complex

description: An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of interferon regulatory factor 3 and interferon regulatory factor 7.


name: transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1 complex

description: A protein complex that possesses protein kinase activity and activates the I-kappa B kinase complex (IKK) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in response to TRAF6 signaling. It comprises the catalytic subunit TAK1 complexed to the regulatory subunits, termed TABs (TAK1-binding subunits).


copper ion sensor activity

description: Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of copper(I) (Cu+).


FAL1-SGD1 complex

description: A protein complex involved in the 18S rRNA biogenesis. In S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Fal1p and Sgd1p and in humans this complex consists of NOM1 and eIF4AIII subunits.


name: selenite:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: selenite(out) + H+(out) = selenite(in) + H+(in).


plasma membrane selenite transport

description: The directed movement of inorganic selenite (HSeO3-1 at physiological pH) across a plasma membrane.


name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of cells to a vascular smooth muscle cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a vascular smooth muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a vascular smooth muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell development

description: The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


name: interferon regulatory factor 3-interferon regulatory factor 5 complex

description: An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of interferon regulatory factor 3 and interferon regulatory factor 5.


amniotic stem cell differentiation

description: The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amniotic stem cell. An amniotic stem cell is a mesenchymal stem cell extracted from amniotic fluid. Amniotic stem cells are able to differentiate into various tissue types such as skin, cartilage, cardiac tissue, nerves, muscle, and bone.


interleukin-17A production

description: The appearance of interleukin-17A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


interleukin-17F production

description: The appearance of interleukin-17F due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: methyl-branched fatty acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl-branched fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with methyl branches on the main chain.


presynaptic membrane organization

description: A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.


synaptic vesicle clustering

description: The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles in presynaptic structures.


polyacyltrehalose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.


polyacyltrehalose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.


craniofacial suture morphogenesis

description: The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized.


frontonasal suture morphogenesis

description: The process in which the frontonasal suture, between frontal and nasal bones, is generated and organized.


facial suture morphogenesis

description: The process in which any suture between facial bones is generated and organized.


nasal suture morphogenesis

description: The process in which the nasal suture is generated and organized.


DNA/RNA hybrid annealing activity

description: An activity that facilitates the base-pairing of single-stranded RNA to double-stranded DNA resulting in the formation of R-loops.


structural constituent of albumen

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of albumen (also called egg white). Albumen is the clear liquid contained within an egg and consists of water and proteins, among which are ovomucin and ovomucoid. It protects the egg yolk and provides additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo.


supercoiled DNA binding

description: Binding to supercoiled DNA. For example, during replication and transcription, template DNA is negatively supercoiled in the receding downstream DNA and positively supercoiled in the approaching downstream DNA.


name: blood vessel endothelial cell fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of identity of a blood vessel endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.


endothelial tip cell fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial tip cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. An endothelial tip cell is a specialized endothelial cell localized to the leading edge of an angiogenic sprout that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels.


name: endothelial stalk cell fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial stalk cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. An endothelial stalk cell is a specialized endothelial cell which follows behind the tip cell of an angiogenic sprout.


postsynaptic membrane assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic membrane, a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft).


presynaptic membrane assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.


postsynaptic density organization

description: A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.


postsynaptic density assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.


hedgehog family protein binding

description: Binding to a member of the hedgehog protein family, signaling proteins involved in development.


neuroligin family protein binding

description: Binding to a member of the neuroligin protein family, neuronal cell surface proteins that mediate synapse formation.


scaffold protein binding

description: Binding to a scaffold protein. Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signaling pathways. Although not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes.


name: endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment.


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor clustering

description: The receptor clustering process in which gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


AMPA glutamate receptor clustering

description: The glutamate receptor clustering process in which alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


NMDA glutamate receptor clustering

description: The receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


name: neurexin clustering involved in presynaptic membrane assembly

description: The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the presynaptic membrane in which neurexins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neurexins are synaptic cell surface proteins which act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.


name: gephyrin clustering involved in postsynaptic density assembly

description: The clustering process in which gephyrin molecules are localized to distinct domains in the postsynaptic density as part of postsynaptic density assembly. Gephyrin is a component of the postsynaptic protein network of inhibitory synapses.


name: guanylate kinase-associated protein clustering

description: The clustering process in which guanylate kinase-associated proteins (GKAPs) are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. GKAP facilitates assembly of the post synaptic density of neurons.


name: neuroligin clustering involved in postsynaptic membrane assembly

description: The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the postsynaptic membrane in which neuroligins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neuroligins are neuronal cell surface proteins on the postsynaptic membrane that mediate synapse formation between neurons.


name: postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering

description: The clustering process in which postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) molecules are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. PSD-95 is mostly located in the post synaptic density of neurons, and is involved in anchoring synaptic proteins.


receptor localization to synapse

description: Any process in which a receptor is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.


cyclin A1-CDK1 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin A1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin A2-CDK1 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin A1-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin A1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin A2-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin B1-CDK1 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin B2-CDK1 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin B2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin B3-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin B3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin D1-CDK4 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin D2-CDK4 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin D3-CDK4 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin D1-CDK6 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin D2-CDK6 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin D3-CDK6 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin E1-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin E2-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin E2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


Bcl-2 family protein complex

description: A protein complex that consists of members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators. Bcl-2 proteins respond to cues from various forms of intracellular stress, such as DNA damage or cytokine deprivation, and interact with opposing family members to determine whether or not the caspase proteolytic cascade should be unleashed.


BAD-BCL-xl complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BAD and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


BAD-BCL-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BAD and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


BID-BCL-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BID and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


BIM-BCL-xl complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BIM and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


BIM-BCL-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BIM and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


PUMA-BCL-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of PUMA and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


PUMA-BCL-xl complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of PUMA and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


BAX complex

description: An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAX, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


BAK complex

description: An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAK, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


NOXA-BCL-xl complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of NOXA and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


NOXA-BCL-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of NOXA and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


BCL-2 complex

description: A homodimeric protein complex consisting of BCL-2, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


centralspindlin complex

description: A heterotetrameric protein complex playing a key role in the formation of the central spindle in mitosis. Made up of two molecules each of a mitotic kinesin (ZEN-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MKLP1 in mammals) and of two molecules each of a GTPase activating protein (GAP) factor (CYK-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MgcRacGAP in mammals).


name: neuronal stem cell population maintenance

description: Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells.


name: positive regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


name: cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the apoptotic process.


GABAergic neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic neuron.


fasciculation of sensory neuron axon

description: The collection of sensory neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


fasciculation of motor neuron axon

description: The collection of motor neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


pre-mRNA intronic binding

description: Binding to an intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).


name: pre-mRNA intronic pyrimidine-rich binding

description: Binding to a pyrimidine-rich (CU-rich) intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).


organic cyclic compound binding

description: Binding to an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure.


polychlorinated biphenyl binding

description: Binding to a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), a biphenyl compound containing between 2 and 10 chlorine atoms attached to the two benzene rings.


DH domain binding

description: Binding to a DH (Dbl homology) domain of a protein. The DH domain contains three structurally conserved regions separated by more variable regions. It is composed of 11 alpha helices that are folded into a flattened, elongated alpha-helix bundle in which two of the three conserved regions, conserved region 1 (CR1) and conserved region 3 (CR3), are exposed near the centre of one surface. CR1 and CR3, together with a part of alpha-6 and the DH/PH (pleckstrin homology) junction site, constitute the Rho GTPase interacting pocket.


MADS box domain binding

description: Binding to a MADS box domain, a protein domain that encodes the DNA-binding MADS domain. The MADS domain binds to DNA sequences of high similarity to the motif CC[A/T]6GG termed the CArG-box. MADS-domain proteins are generally transcription factors. The length of the MADS-box is in the range of 168 to 180 base pairs.


sulfur carrier activity

description: Covalently binding to sulfur and delivering it to an acceptor molecule.


ammonium ion metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the ammonium ion.


nuclear stress granule

description: A dense aggregation in the nucleus composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.


lens epithelial cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of lens epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Lens epithelial cells make up the lens epithelium, which is located in the anterior portion of the lens between the lens capsule and the lens fibers and is a simple cuboidal epithelium. The epithelial cells of the lens regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens such as osmolarity and liquid volume. The lens epithelial cells also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. The lens epithelium constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth.


circadian regulation of translation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA translation with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


AIM2 inflammasome complex

description: An inflammasome complex that consists of AIM2, ASC, and caspase-1. AIM2 is a member of the HN-200 protein family that appears to be the sensor of cytosolic double-stranded DNA.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose, an ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the heptose. ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (also called ADP-L-beta-D-heptose or ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose) is a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose, an ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the heptose. ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (also called ADP-L-beta-D-heptose or ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose) is a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


N-acetylmuramic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


name: 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.


name: 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.


epoxide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving epoxides, compounds in which an oxygen atom is directly attached to two adjacent or non-adjacent carbon atoms of a carbon chain or ring system; thus cyclic ethers.


mitochondrial ribosome binding

description: Binding to a mitochondrial ribosome.


ruffle assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. The formation of ruffles (also called membrane ruffling) is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42.


protease inhibitor complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains a protease inhibitor and a protease; formation of the complex inhibits protease activity.


serine protease inhibitor complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains a serine protease inhibitor and a protease; formation of the complex inhibits serine protease activity.


name: protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor V complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor V (F5); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor V.


name: protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor Xa complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor Xa (F10); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor Xa.


name: protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor XI complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor XI (F11); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor XI.


response to azide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.


cellular response to azide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.


amelogenesis

description: The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage.


dentinogenesis

description: The process whose specific outcome is the formation of dentin, the mineralized tissue that constitutes the major bulk of teeth. Dentin may be one of three types: primary dentin, secondary dentin, and tertiary dentin.


dentin mineralization

description: The process in which calcium salts are deposited into the calcareous tooth structure known as dentin.


apoptotic body

description: A vesicle containing parts of a dying cell. Apoptotic bodies can be formed during the execution phase of the apoptotic process, when the cell's cytoskeleton breaks up and causes the membrane to bulge outward. These bulges may separate from the cell, taking a portion of cytoplasm with them, to become apoptotic bodies. These are then engulfed by phagocytic cells, and their components recycled. Apoptotic bodies may range in size from 0.8 to 5um.


apoptotic signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

description: The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP).


execution phase of apoptosis

description: A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


pilomotor reflex

description: The reflex process in which the arrectores pilorum (hair follicle) muscles contract and cause the hair to stand erect.


Shu complex

description: A protein complex involved in error-free DNA post-replication repair (PRR). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Csm2p, Psy3p, Shu1p, and Shu2p.


tetraspanin-enriched microdomain

description: A pre-organized unit composed either of adhesion molecules (mainly integrins and members of the Ig superfamily), signaling receptors and/or enzyme-enriched plasma membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes. Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains might be specially suited for the regulation of avidity of adhesion receptors and the compartmentalization of enzymatic activities.


name: cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the apoptotic signaling pathway.


name: cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the execution phase of apoptosis.


name: activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase.


phagocytic cup lip

description: The tip or margin of the progressing circular lamella that engulfs a particle during phagocytosis. When the two lips of the cup fuse it is converted into a phagosome.


phagocytic cup base

description: The older part of the phagocytic cup where the actin cytoskeleton disassembles, allowing early incoming and outgoing vesicular trafficking.


renal filtration

description: A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system.


nephrocyte filtration

description: The process by which hemolymph is filtered based on size and charge through a nephrocyte filtration barrier formed by the basement membrane and nephrocyte diaphragm.


bud dormancy process

description: A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a bud. Bud dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. It may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. The exit from bud dormancy is marked by the resumed growth of the bud.


alveolar lamellar body

description: A specialized secretory organelle found in type II pneumocytes and involved in the synthesis, secretion, and reutilization of pulmonary surfactant.


epidermal lamellar body

description: A specialized secretory organelle found in keratinocytes and involved in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function.


name: response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


name: cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


lysosomal membrane organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosomal membrane. A lysosomal membrane is the lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.


name: regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane.


name: positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane.


name: negative regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane.


guanosine tetraphosphate binding

description: Binding to guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.


sieve area

description: A pit-like area in the cell wall of a sieve element; contains pores lined with callose and occupied by strands of protoplasmic material that interconnect the protoplasts of contiguous sieve elements.


sieve plate

description: A part of the cell wall of a sieve tube member that bears one or more highly specialized sieve areas.


compound sieve plate

description: A sieve plate that contains several specialized sieve areas in either a scalariform or reticulate arrangement.


simple sieve plate

description: A sieve plate that contains a single specialized sieve area.


name: M/G1 phase-specific MADS box-forkhead transcription factor complex

description: A protein complex that contains a MADS-box protein and two forkhead domain proteins, and binds to and regulates transcription from promoters of genes transcribed during the M/G1 transition of the cell cycle. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the complex contains the MADS-box protein Mbx1 and two forkhead proteins, Sep1 and Fkh2.


mitochondrial mRNA polyadenylation

description: The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-60 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mitochondrial mRNA primary transcript. Mitochondria contain both stabilizing and destabilizing poly(A) tails.


sperm midpiece

description: The highly organized segment of the sperm flagellum which begins at the connecting piece and is characterized by the presence of 9 outer dense fibers (ODFs) that lie outside each of the 9 outer axonemal microtubule doublets and by a sheath of mitochondria that encloses the ODFs and the axoneme; the midpiece terminates about one-fourth of the way down the sperm flagellum at the annulus, which marks the beginning of the principal piece.


sperm mitochondrial sheath

description: The tightly packed helical sheath of ATP-producing mitochondria restricted to the midpiece of the sperm flagellum.


sperm annulus

description: The ring-like, filamentous structure located at the distal end of the midpiece of the sperm flagellum; the annulus is thought to form a diffusion barrier between the midpiece and the principal piece and serve as a stabilizing structure for tail rigidity.


sperm principal piece

description: The segment of the sperm flagellum where the mitochondrial sheath ends, and the outer dense fibers (ODFs) associated with outer axonemal doublets 3 and 8 are replaced by the 2 longitudinal columns of the fibrous sheath (FS) which run the length of the principal piece and are stabilized by circumferential ribs. The principal piece makes up ~2/3 of the length of the sperm flagellum and is defined by the presence of the FS and of only 7 (rather than 9) ODFs which taper and then terminate near the distal end of the principal piece.


sperm end piece

description: The short tip of the sperm flagellum, adjacent to the sperm principal piece and furthest from the sperm head, which contains only the axoneme surrounded by the plasma membrane.


name: cell motility in response to potassium ion

description: Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


name: cell motility in response to calcium ion

description: Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.


lamellar body membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a lamellar body. A lamellar body is a membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.


alveolar lamellar body membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an alveolar lamellar body, a specialized secretory organelle found in type II pneumocytes and involved in the synthesis, secretion, and reutilization of pulmonary surfactant.


epidermal lamellar body membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an epidermal lamellar body, a specialized secretory organelle found in keratinocytes and involved in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function.


cellular response to toxic substance

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


cellular response to methylglyoxal

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal.


name: chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

description: The process in which chromatin is anchored to the nuclear envelope.


name: hematopoietic stem cell migration to bone marrow

description: The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell into the bone marrow, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments in that microenvironment. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.


amyloid-beta clearance

description: The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by mechanisms involving cell surface receptors.


flavonoid binding

description: Binding to a flavonoid, a compound containing two or more aromatic rings, each bearing at least one aromatic hydroxyl and connected with a carbon bridge.


flavonol binding

description: Binding to a flavonol, a flavonoid that contains a 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one backbone.


flavanol binding

description: Binding to a flavanol.


catechin binding

description: Binding to a catechin, a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite with a flavonoid or flavan-3-ol structure.


epigallocatechin 3-gallate binding

description: Binding to epigallocatechin 3-gallate, a compound that is a gallic acid ester of a catechin.


name: maintenance of protein location in cell cortex of cell tip

description: A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex of a cell tip, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. The cell cortex of a cell tip is the region directly beneath the plasma membrane at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


mitochondrial respirasome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of respiratory enzyme complexes of the mitochondrial inner membrane (including, for example, complex II, complex III, complex IV) to form a large supercomplex.


leukotriene B4 biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.


oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in an oligodendrocyte. Oligodendrocytes belong to a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, where they form the insulating myelin sheath of axons.


name: beta-hydroxybutyrate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of beta-hydroxybutyrate from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is the conjugate base of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid.


renal tubular secretion

description: The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs.


R2TP complex

description: A highly conserved protein complex comprised of two ATP-dependent DNA helicases (Rvb1p and Rvb2p in yeast, Pontin52 and Reptin52 in humans), Pih1p in yeast or PIH1D1 in humans, and Tah1 in yeast or RPAP3 in humans. The complex associates with Hsp90 and is thought to have a role in assembly of large protein or protein/nucleic acid complexes. In this role it is involved in multiple processes such as box C/D snoRNP biogenesis, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) signaling, RNA polymerase II assembly, and others.


phenyllactate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + NAD+ = 3-phenylpyruvate + H+ + NADH.


name: leukotriene B4 12-hydroxy dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + NADP+ = 12-oxo-leukotriene B4 + NADPH + H+.


name: 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 omega oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-oxo-leukotriene B4 + H+ + 2 H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


name: 20-aldehyde-leukotriene B4 20-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 20-oxo-leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4 + 2 H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


eoxin A4 synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene A4 = eoxin A4.


eoxin C4 synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin A4 + glutathione = eoxin C4.


eoxin D4 synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin C4 = eoxin D4 + 5-L-glutamyl amino acid.


eoxin E4 synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin D4 + H20 = eoxin E4 + glycine.


self proteolysis

description: The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.


name: 5(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-HETE + NADP+ = 5-oxo-ETE + NADPH + H+.


phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.


omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds initially by omega-hydroxylation.


cytoophidium

description: A subcellular filamentary structure where CTP synthase is compartmentalized in a range of organisms including bacteria, yeast, fruit fly, rat and human.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate.


dishabituation

description: The temporary recovery of response to a stimulus when a novel stimulus is added.


protein localization to bud neck

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a cellular bud neck.


ammonium homeostasis

description: Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ammonium.


intracellular ammonium homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of ammonium within a cell.


complement-dependent cytotoxicity

description: Cell killing caused by the membrane attack complex formed following complement activation.


name: histamine secretion mediated by IgE immunoglobulin

description: Histamine release triggered by the binding of an antigen to an IgE immunoglobulin bound to the cell surface. An example is mast cell histamine degranulation as a result of exposure of mast cell-bound IgE to alder tree pollen.


name: histamine secretion mediated by immunoglobulin

description: Histamine release triggered by the binding of an antigen to an immunoglobulin bound to the cell surface.


immune complex formation

description: The process that gives rise to an immune complex. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution. Examples are the clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells in the presence of an antibody, precipitation of a toxin after an antibody binds to it, and clumping of viral particles as a result of antibody binding to the virus.


immunoglobulin-mediated neutralization

description: The inhibition of an antigen's biological effects by antibody binding to it. An example is neutralization of diphtheria toxin by preventing its entry into human cells via the binding of antibody specific for diphtheria toxin.


keratinocyte apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a keratinocyte. A keratinocyte is an epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it moves upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.


hepatocyte apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a hepatocyte, the main structural component of the liver.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Q nucleoside precursor 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine, also known as 2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile or preQo.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Q nucleoside precursor 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine, also known as 2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile or preQo.


alpha-ribazole metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).


renal phosphate ion absorption

description: A renal system process in which phosphate ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


XMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.


XMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.


'de novo' XMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate, from simpler precursors.


morphine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.


name: activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway.


regulation of nucleus size

description: Any process that modulates the size of the nucleus.


programmed necrotic cell death

description: A necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


name: lipoprotein biosynthetic process via diacylglyceryl transfer

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which diacylglyceryl transfer leads to formation of a water-soluble protein-lipid complex.


name: lipoprotein biosynthetic process via N-acyl transfer

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which N-acyl transfer leads to formation of a water-soluble protein-lipid complex.