name: nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding

description: The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.


name: nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage removal

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The removal of the oligonucleotide that contains the DNA damage. The oligonucleotide is formed by dual incisions that flank the site of DNA damage.


photoreactive repair

description: The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines.


name: pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair

description: The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


(R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reversible reaction: (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = (R)-acetoin + NADH + H+.


telomere maintenance via recombination

description: Any recombinational process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length.


telomere maintenance

description: Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences.


name: double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

description: The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.


recombinational repair

description: A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region.


name: double-strand break repair via break-induced replication

description: The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome.


DNA double-strand break processing

description: The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.


DNA recombinase assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.


DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair

description: Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end and uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.


DNA strand displacement

description: The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules.


removal of nonhomologous ends

description: The removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.


name: double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends

description: During DSBR via single-strand annealing, the removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.


nuclear membrane fusion

description: The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus.


karyogamy

description: The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei.


name: karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

description: During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.


name: nuclear migration involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

description: The microtubule-based movement of nuclei towards one another as a prelude to karyogamy in organisms undergoing conjugation with cellular fusion.


name: karyogamy involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

description: During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from two nuclei as a result of fusing the nuclear envelopes that surround each nuclei. This takes place following the mutual exchange of one of the two nuclei produced by the mitosis that follows the second meiotic nuclear division. This occurs in ciliated protozoans such as Tetrahymena.


name: nuclear migration involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

description: The net movement of nuclei towards one another, leading to the bilateral transfer of genetic material in organisms undergoing conjugation without cellular fusion.


conjugation with cellular fusion

description: A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


name: conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

description: A conjugation process that results in the mutual exchange and union of only genetic information between compatible mating types. Conjugation without cellular fusion requires direct cellular contact between the organisms without plasma membrane fusion. The organisms involved in conjugation without cellular fusion separate after nuclear exchange.


name: response to pheromone triggering conjugation with cellular fusion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that positively regulates the process of conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


name: pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


name: mitotic cell cycle G1 arrest in response to pheromone

description: The cell cycle regulatory process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 as a result of a pheromone stimulus. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


name: agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

description: The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation with cellular fusion of a unicellular organism. An example of this process is agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


name: cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

description: The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion.


name: adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

description: In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


cytogamy

description: During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


name: response to pheromone regulating conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus regulating the process of conjugation without cellular fusion.


name: agglutination involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

description: The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation without cellular fusion of a unicellular organism.


name: adaptation to pheromone regulating conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

description: In organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


conjugant formation

description: During conjugation without cellular fusion, the process that results in pairing complementary mating types. Localized morphological, cytological, and cytoskeletal changes connect the mating types without cytoplasmic mixing.


description: Unidirectional transfer of genetic information triggered by to a pheromone signal.


name: response to pheromone regulating pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that regulates the process of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.


name: negative adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

description: In organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation, the process involved in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that acts to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


name: syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

description: The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


name: syncytium formation by mitosis without cytokinesis

description: The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by one or more rounds of nuclear division without cytokinesis.


peptide pheromone export

description: The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones.


mating pheromone activity

description: The activity of binding to and activating specific cell surface receptors, thereby inducing a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell that leads to the transfer or union of genetic material between organisms or cells. The mating pheromone can either be retained on the cell surface or secreted.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine.


name: adenyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

description: Binds to and stimulates the hydrolysis and exchange of adenyl nucleotides by other proteins.


chromosome, centromeric region

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.


kinetochore

description: A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


name: condensed chromosome, centromeric region

description: The region of a condensed chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.


chromosome, telomeric region

description: The end of a linear chromosome, required for the integrity and maintenance of the end. A chromosome telomere usually includes a region of telomerase-encoded repeats the length of which rarely exceeds 20 bp each and that permits the formation of a telomeric loop (T-loop). The telomeric repeat region is usually preceded by a sub-telomeric region that is gene-poor but rich in repetitive elements. Some telomeres only consist of the latter part (for eg. D. melanogaster telomeres).


telomere cap complex

description: A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


nuclear telomere cap complex

description: A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


chromatin

description: The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.


nucleosome

description: A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


euchromatin

description: A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation.


heterochromatin

description: A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription.


condensed chromosome

description: A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure.


condensed nuclear chromosome

description: A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.


synaptonemal complex

description: A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. It consists of 2 lateral elements and a central element, all running parallel to each other. Transverse filaments connect the lateral elements to the central element.


condensin complex

description: A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation in meiosis and mitosis.


lateral element

description: A proteinaceous core found between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase.


central element

description: A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex found between the lateral elements.


transverse filament

description: A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex that spans the regions between the lateral elements and connects them.


sex chromosome

description: A chromosome involved in sex determination.


W chromosome

description: The sex chromosome present in females of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the Z chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The W chromosome is absent from the cells of males and present in one copy in the somatic cells of females.


X chromosome

description: The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the X chromosome are present in each somatic cell of females and one copy is present in males.


Y chromosome

description: The sex chromosome present in males of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The Y chromosome is absent from the cells of females and present in one copy in the somatic cells of males.


Z chromosome

description: The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the Z chromosome are present in each somatic cell of males and one copy is present in females.


origin recognition complex

description: A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome.


name: cytoplasmic origin of replication recognition complex

description: A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the cytoplasm.


name: diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


GINS complex

description: A heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with replication origins, where it is required for the initiation of DNA replication, and with replication forks.


Swr1 complex

description: A multisubunit protein complex that is involved in chromatin remodeling. It is required for the incorporation of the histone variant H2AZ into chromatin. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains Swr1p, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, and 12 additional subunits.


ESCRT I complex

description: An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes.


ESCRT II complex

description: An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.


ESCRT III complex

description: A complex with membrane scission activity that plays a major role in many processes where membranes are remodelled - including endosomal transport (vesicle budding), nuclear envelope organisation (membrane closure, mitotic bridge cleavage), and cytokinesis (abscission).


COMA complex

description: A kinetochore multiprotein complex that bridges the subunits that are in contact with centromeric DNA and the subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly. In yeast, consists of Ctf19p, Okp1p, Mcm21p, and Ame1p.


sister chromatid segregation

description: The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


name: regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


name: regulation of arginine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


inositol hexakisphosphate binding

description: Binding to inositol hexakisphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + 2 ATP = D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + 2 ADP + 2 H+.


name: inositol tetrakisphosphate 3-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate.


name: inositol tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate is unknown.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown.


name: inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate = ADP + bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configurations of the diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) and bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate (bis-PP-IP4) are unknown.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate.


name: inositol heptakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate.


name: inositol heptakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.


ER ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the ER.


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal and membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p. In mammals, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 (Synoviolin) or AMFR (gp78).


Doa10p ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates membrane proteins with misfolded cytosolic domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Ssm4p/Doa10p.


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-M complex

description: A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-L complex

description: A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


name: mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity

description: Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide via direct binding (through a selective and non-covalent interaction) to nucleic acid.


name: translation repressor activity, non-nucleic acid binding

description: Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide but does not bind directly to nucleic acid.


cell morphogenesis

description: The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.


name: sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction

description: The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione = 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + phosphate.


sulfonate dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2.


taurine dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + taurine = aminoacetaldehyde + CO2 + succinate + sulfite.


name: sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi.


cytokinesis

description: The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.


cytokinesis by cell plate formation

description: The process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parent cell where a structure forms in the cytoplasm and grows until reaching the plasma membrane, thereby completely separating the cytoplasms of adjacent progeny cells. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


name: assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis

description: The assembly and arrangement of an apparatus composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.


preprophase band assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the preprophase band, a dense band of microtubules that marks the position in the cell where cytokinesis will occur in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation.


phragmoplast assembly

description: The formation of a structure composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation. The structure usually contains antiparallel microtubules and membrane (often visible as vesicles).


actomyosin contractile ring assembly

description: The process of assembly of a ring composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.


actomyosin contractile ring contraction

description: The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.


division septum assembly

description: The assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis. The progeny cells that form a division septum are not able to exchange intracellular material.


division septum site selection

description: The process of marking the site where a division septum will form.


cell plate assembly

description: The process of assembly, maturation, and growth of the cell plate to the cell periphery in cells that divide by cell plate formation; often involves deposition of cell wall material in and around the phragmoplast.


septum digestion after cytokinesis

description: The process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.


septin ring assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex.


spindle pole

description: Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


name: equatorial microtubule organizing center

description: A microtubule organizing center formed by a band of gamma-tubulin that is recruited to a circumferential band of F-actin at the midpoint of a cell and which nucleates microtubules from the cell division site at the end of mitosis.


gamma-tubulin complex

description: A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species.


gamma-tubulin ring complex

description: A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes. An example of this structure is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.


P-body

description: A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. Protein and RNA localized to these foci are involved in mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), translational repression, and RNA-mediated gene silencing.


adventitious septum

description: A cell septum whose formation is independent of nuclear division.


porous cell septum

description: A septum or cross wall which does not entirely span the space between two portions of cell wall and may contain a specialized central pore structure. A porous septum allows the movement of organelles and/or cytoplasm between compartments.


division septum

description: A cell septum which forms as part of the division site and functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells at division. A division septum spans a cell and does not allow exchange of organelles or cytoplasm between compartments.


primary cell septum

description: A cell septum that forms following nuclear division.


dolipore septum

description: A septum, or cross-wall, between two portions of a cell or hypha; contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure; pore is covered on each side of the septum by a septal pore cap (parenthosome).


GARP complex

description: A quatrefoil tethering complex required for retrograde traffic from the early endosome back to the late Golgi and biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.


inner kinetochore

description: The region of a kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA which contains many CENP proteins organized in various subcomplexes including CENP-C, CENP-LN, CENP-HIKM, CENP-OPQUR and CENP-TWSX, but excluding the CENP-A containing heterochromatin.


outer kinetochore

description: The region of a kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.


retrotransposon nucleocapsid

description: A complex of the retrotransposon RNA genome, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and associated molecules required for reproduction and integration of the retrotransposon into the host genome; the main structural molecule of the nucleocapsid is often a gag protein homolog.


name: amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


name: amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


name: aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


name: branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, or 2-methylpropanol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


name: methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanol

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanol is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


name: aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanoate, 4-hydroxyphenylethanoate, or 2-(Indol-3-yl)-ethanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


name: branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


name: methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanoate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanoate is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


name: amino acid catabolic process via Ehrlich pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols or carboxylic acids containing one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives, sometimes referred to as fusel acids, may be produced instead of alcohols.


name: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells.


mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


mitochondrial RNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


name: regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


name: negative regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


name: positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


mitochondrial RNA processing

description: The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion.


mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


mitochondrial RNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


RNA 5'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule.


rRNA 5'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an rRNA molecule.


tRNA exon ligation

description: An RNA exon ligation process that rejoins two exons of a pre-tRNA which has had the intron removed.


name: transcription-dependent tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery

description: The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves cis-acting DNA sequences such as the TATA box and upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements, trans-acting transcriptional activators, and also the 3'-UTR of the transcript.


name: post-transcriptional tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery

description: The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery even after transcription has been repressed.


Prp19 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of Prp19 and associated proteins that is involved in the transition from the precatalytic spliceosome to the activated form that catalyzes step 1 of splicing, and which remains associated with the spliceosome through the second catalytic step. It is widely conserved, found in both yeast and mammals, though the exact composition varies. In S. cerevisiae, it contains Prp19p, Ntc20p, Snt309p, Isy1p, Syf2p, Cwc2p, Prp46p, Clf1p, Cef1p, and Syf1p.


name: transcription cis-regulatory region binding

description: Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


name: RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II.


name: RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


name: RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA sequence that is part of the core promoter of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene.


name: DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


name: cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site, located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by some RNA polymerase. Cis-regulatory sites are often referred to as a sequence motifs, enhancers, or silencers.


name: RNA polymerase III cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III. The transcribed region might be contain a single gene or a cistron containing multiple genes.


RNA polymerase II complex binding

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits.


RNA polymerase III core binding

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase III core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of seventeen subunits.


name: RNA polymerase III general transcription initiation factor activity

description: A general transcription initiation factor activity that contributes to transcription start site selection and transcription initiation of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Factors required for RNA polymerase III transcription initiation include TFIIIA, TFIIIB and TFIIIC. RNA polymerase III transcribes genes encoding short RNAs, including tRNAs, 5S rRNA, U6 snRNA, the short ncRNA component of RNases P, the mitochondrial RNA processing (MRP) RNA, the signal recognition particle SRP RNA, and in higher eukaryotes a number of micro and other small RNAs, though there is some variability across species as to whether a given small noncoding RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III.


name: bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding

description: Binding to a bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme, typically consisting of two alpha, one beta, one beta prime, and one omega subunit.


name: mitochondrial single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding

description: Binding to a single subunit mitochondrial RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.


name: RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 1 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 1 promoters are found in 5S rRNA genes, downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence of the mature RNA, and require TFIIIA for recognition.


name: RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 2 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 2 promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence within the sequence of the mature RNA. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.


name: RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 3 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A type 3 Pol III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.


name: RNA polymerase II sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor recruiting activity

description: The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence and recruiting another transcription factor to the DNA in order to modulate transcription. The recruited factor may bind DNA directly, or may be colocalized via protein-protein interactions.


name: snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

description: The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at a type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.


name: snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

description: The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


name: RNA polymerase III transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA region that controls the transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase III. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


name: mitochondrial promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA region that controls the transcription of the mitochondrial DNA.


name: plastid promoter transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA region that controls transcription by a plastid RNA polymerase. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


name: RNA polymerase III general transcription initiation factor binding

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase III transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase III.


name: RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a hybrid type promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A hybrid Pol III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.


RNA polymerase I core binding

description: Binding to a RNA polymerase I core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of seventeen subunits.


name: core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region. The core promoter is composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the RNA polymerase and the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


RNA polymerase IV core binding

description: Binding to RNA polymerase IV core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase found in plants and involved in siRNA production.


RNA polymerase V core binding

description: Binding to RNA polymerase V core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase found in plants and involved in production of noncoding transcripts at target loci for silencing.


name: single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding

description: Binding to a single subunit RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.


name: plastid single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding

description: Binding to a single subunit plastid RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.


name: plastid PEP RNA polymerase core enzyme binding

description: Binding to a bacterial-type plastid PEP RNA polymerase core enzyme, typically consisting of two alpha, one beta, one beta prime, and one double prime subunit.


RNA polymerase I activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase I specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyzes DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


RNA polymerase II activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


RNA polymerase III activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase III specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


RNA polymerase IV activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase IV specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


RNA polymerase V activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase V specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


transcription by RNA polymerase IV

description: The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase IV, originating at a Pol IV-specific promoter.


transcription by RNA polymerase V

description: The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase V, originating at a Pol V-specific promoter.


name: single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


name: mitochondrial single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type mitochondrial RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


name: plastid single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single subunit type plastid RNA polymerase specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


name: transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding

description: Binding to a nucleic acid region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.


name: transcription regulatory region RNA binding

description: Binding to a RNA region within the transcript that regulates the transcription of a gene, cistron, or operon.


regulatory region RNA binding

description: Binding to a RNA region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.


name: RNA-binding transcription regulator activity

description: A transcription regulator activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific RNA sequence. This function is known to occur in phages and viruses, for example the lambda N and the HIV tat proteins are necessary to allow RNA polymerase to read through terminator sequences.


name: transcription antitermination factor activity, RNA binding

description: Binds to RNA, typically within the nascent RNA transcript, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind the nascent RNA include the lambda N protein and the HIV-1 tat protein.


name: transcription antitermination factor activity, DNA binding

description: Binds to DNA, typically within region of the promoter and transcribed region, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind DNA include the lambda Q protein.


name: nitrogen catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

description: A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.


name: nitrogen catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

description: A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.


name: nitrogen catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

description: A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.


name: RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor binding

description: Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.


name: TFIIA-class transcription factor complex binding

description: Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIIA complex, one of the complexes involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.


name: TFIIB-class transcription factor binding

description: Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIB class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.


name: TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding

description: Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIID complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.


name: TFIIE-class transcription factor complex binding

description: Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIIE complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.


name: TFIIF-class transcription factor complex binding

description: Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIIF complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.


name: TFIIH-class transcription factor complex binding

description: Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIIH complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.


basal transcription machinery binding

description: Binding to a component of the basal transcription machinery which is composed of the RNA polymerase core enzyme and the basal transcription factor(s), the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by the RNA polymerase.


name: basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery binding

description: Binding to a component of the basal transcription machinery for RNA polymerase II which is composed of the RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits, and the basal RNA polymerase II transcription factors, the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by the RNA polymerase.


name: negative regulation of exit from mitosis

description: Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).


response to acid chemical

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


name: bacterial-type RNA polymerase holo enzyme binding

description: Binding to a component of the basal transcription machinery which is composed of a bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme and a sigma factor, the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.


name: promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription

description: Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


RNA polymerase III promoter clearance

description: A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase III, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase.


RNA polymerase II promoter clearance

description: A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


name: DNA-templated transcription open complex formation

description: Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


name: transcription open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter

description: Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


protein-DNA-RNA complex

description: A macromolecular complex containing protein, DNA, and RNA molecules.


protein-DNA-RNA complex organization

description: Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA-RNA complex.


protein-DNA-RNA complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins, DNA, and RNA molecules to form a protein-DNA-RNA complex.


protein-DNA-RNA complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a protein-DNA-RNA complex into its constituent components.


name: transcription ternary complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a transcription ternary complex, composed of RNA polymerase, template DNA, and an RNA transcript, into its constituent components.


protein-DNA-RNA complex remodeling

description: The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA-RNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


protein-DNA complex remodeling

description: The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


name: RNA polymerase II complex recruiting activity

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, typically composed of twelve subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way in order to facilitate the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.


name: transcription termination site sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a sequence of DNA that promotes termination by RNA polymerase. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


name: TFIIIB-class transcription factor complex binding

description: Binding to a general RNA polymerase III transcription factor belonging to the TFIIB complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase III.


name: TFIIIA-class transcription factor binding

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase III transcription factor of the TFIIIA class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) at RNA polymerase III promoters.


name: TFIIIC-class transcription factor complex binding

description: Binding to a general RNA polymerase III transcription factor belonging to the TFIIC complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase III.


name: intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to an intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.


name: RNA polymerase II intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase II intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.


name: RNA polymerase I transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase I.


name: RNA polymerase I core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery. This site is often referred to as the CORE element. In mammalian cells, the CORE element functions in conjunction with the Upstream Control Element (UCE), while in fungi, protozoa, and plants, the CORE element functions without a UCE.


name: RNA polymerase I cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase I. RNA polymerase I elements are referred to either enhancers or upstream control element (UCE, or alternately referred to as the upstream element).


reverse transcription

description: A DNA synthesis process that uses RNA as the initial template for synthesis of DNA, but which also includes an RNase activity to remove the RNA strand of an RNA-DNA heteroduplex produced by the RNA-dependent synthesis step and use of the initial DNA strand as a template for DNA synthesis.


RNA-templated transcription

description: The synthesis of an RNA transcript from an RNA template.


name: DNA-templated transcriptional start site selection

description: Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


name: transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter

description: Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


name: transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase III promoter

description: Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase III promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


name: regulation of transcription open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


name: regulation of transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


name: RNA polymerase I general transcription initiation factor binding

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase I transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.


name: RNA polymerase I general transcription initiation factor activity

description: A general transcription initiation factor activity that contributes to transcription start site selection and transcription initiation of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I. Factors required for RNA polymerase I transcription initiation include upstream activation factor (UAF), core factor (CF), TATA binding protein (TBP) and RRN3. In all species characterized, RNA polymerase I transcribes a large polycistronic transcript that is processed into several mature rRNAs (3 or 4 depending on the species), including the large subunit rRNA (28S in humans), the small subunit rRNA (18S in humans), as well as one or two additional smaller rRNAs (the 5.8S rRNA in humans). In most species, this large rRNA transcript is the sole product of RNA polymerase I. However there are rare exceptions, such as Trypanosoma brucei, where RNA polymerase I also transcribes certain mRNAs.


RNA polymerase I promoter clearance

description: A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase I, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


name: RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex assembly

description: The formation of a large multiprotein-DNA complex that self-assembles on gene promoter through the sequential recruitment of the general initiation factors that compose the preinitiation complex (PIC) (which includes including UBF, SL1, RRN3 and TBP in human). The PIC engages RNA polymerase I on its DNA template strand and sparks polymerization of the first few RNA nucleotides.


name: maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation

description: Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation on a DNA template.


name: maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

description: Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


name: maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase III

description: Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from a RNA polymerase III promoter.


name: DNA-binding transcription activator activity

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets.


name: DNA-binding transcription repressor activity

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets.


transcription coregulator binding

description: Binding to a transcription coregulator, a protein involved in regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other transcription regulatory proteins. Cofactors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


transcription corepressor binding

description: Binding to a transcription corepressor, a protein involved in negative regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that negatively regulate transcription. Transcription corepressors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressing transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


transcription coactivator binding

description: Binding to a transcription coactivator, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


name: DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


name: DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


name: formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA

description: Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.


description: Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.


mating projection base

description: The region where the mating projection meets the bulk of the cell, in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.


SAM complex

description: A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates sorting of some imported proteins to the outer membrane and their assembly in the membrane; functions after import of incoming proteins by the mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.


name: signal transduction involved in filamentous growth

description: Relaying of environmental signals promoting filamentous growth.


name: invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

description: A growth pattern exhibited by budding haploid cells under certain growth conditions, in which cells retain the typical axial budding pattern of haploids, but become elongated and fail to separate after division; during growth on a solid substrate, this results in penetration of cells into the agar medium. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


name: PAM complex, Tim23 associated import motor

description: Protein complex located on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associated with the TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex (GO:0005744); ATPase motor activity to drive import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix.


name: glycerophosphodiester transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glycerophosphodiesters from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.


description: The process in which a glycerophosphodiester is transported across a membrane. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.


guanine nucleotide transport

description: The directed movement of guanine nucleotides, GTP, GDP, and/or GMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


chlamydospore formation

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans.


hyphal tip

description: The end, or tip, of a fungal hypha, where polarized growth occurs during hyphal elongation.


skeletal system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).


cartilage condensation

description: The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes.


ossification

description: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


neurotransmitter uptake

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


name: acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.


action potential

description: A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities.


RNA methylation

description: Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor.


name: dihydronicotinamide riboside quinone reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone = 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide + a hydroquinone.


selenocysteine incorporation

description: The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


opioid peptide activity

description: Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.


prostaglandin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate.


voltage-gated sodium channel complex

description: A sodium channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.


peptide amidation

description: The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions.


outer dense fiber

description: A supramolecular fiber found in the flagella of mammalian sperm that surrounds the nine microtubule doublets. These dense fibers are stiff and noncontractile. In human, they consist of about 10 major and at least 15 minor proteins, where all major proteins are ODF1, ODF2 or ODF2-related proteins.


pseudouridine synthesis

description: The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule.


retinoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


angiogenesis

description: Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


microfibril

description: Extracellular matrix components occurring independently or along with elastin. Thought to have force-bearing functions in tendon. In addition to fibrillins, microfibrils may contain other associated proteins.


lipopolysaccharide binding

description: Binding to a lipopolysaccharide.


interleukin-21 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-21 receptor.


interleukin-21 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-21 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


cornified envelope

description: A type of plasma membrane that has been modified through addition of distinct intracellular and extracellular components, including ceramide, found in cornifying epithelial cells (corneocytes).


radial spoke

description: Protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of a 9+2 type ciliary or flagellar axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. Composed of a stalk that attaches to each doublet microtubule and a globular structure (spoke head) that projects toward the central pair of microtubules.


radial spoke head

description: Protein complex forming portion of the radial spoke that is orthogonal to the elongated stalk and which projects towards the central pair of microtubules within the ciliary or flagellum axoneme.


radial spoke stalk

description: Protein complex forming the elongated portion of the radial spoke between the base which binds to the A-tubule of each microtubule outer doublet and the neck which connects to the spoke head within the ciliary or flagellum axoneme.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate.


name: cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility

description: Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella.


amyloid-beta binding

description: Binding to an amyloid-beta peptide/protein.


ovarian follicle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ovulation from ovarian follicle

description: The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus.


ovarian follicle rupture

description: Disruption of theca cell layer releasing follicular fluid and/or the oocyte.


name: initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth

description: Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).


primary ovarian follicle growth

description: Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle).


preantral ovarian follicle growth

description: Increase in size of follicles surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells up to the onset of antrum formation.


antral ovarian follicle growth

description: Increase in size of antral follicles due to cell proliferation and/or growth of the antral cavity.


name: follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum

description: The menstrual cycle process that results in the formation of one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells during the various stages of oogenesis.


cumulus cell differentiation

description: The process in which a subpopulation of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte acquires the specialized features of an ovarian cumulus cell.


ovarian cumulus expansion

description: Increase in size of the cumulus surrounding the oocyte including change in morphology due to proliferation and dispersion of cumulus cells.


ovarian follicle endowment

description: Association of oocytes with supporting epithelial granulosa cells to form primordial follicles.


ovarian follicle atresia

description: A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed.


luteinization

description: The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation.


luteolysis

description: The lysis or structural demise of the corpus luteum. During normal luteolysis, two closely related events occur. First, there is loss of the capacity to synthesize and secrete progesterone (functional luteolysis) followed by loss of the cells that comprise the corpus luteum (structural luteolysis). Preventing luteolysis is crucial to maintain pregnancy.


oocyte growth

description: The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.


oocyte maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.


regulation of cell growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.


name: regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus

description: Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.


fatty acid alpha-oxidation

description: A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway.


response to protozoan

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.


detection of protozoan

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a protozoan is received and converted into a molecular signal.


phorbol ester receptor activity

description: Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: non-kinase phorbol ester receptor activity

description: Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal by a mechanism independent of kinase activity.


cholesterol 25-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + cholesterol + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O.


blood vessel development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


name: branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis

description: The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.


vasculogenesis

description: The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.


name: non-tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by a mechanism independent of tyrosine kinase activity.


lactosylceramide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.


ganglioside metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.


ganglioside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.


globoside metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving globosides, globotetraosylceramides, ceramides containing a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I). Globosides are the major neutral glycosphingolipid in normal kidneys and erythrocytes.


globoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ceramide with a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I).


microtubule bundle formation

description: A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.


medium-chain fatty acid transport

description: The directed movement of a medium-chain fatty acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A medium-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 6 to 12 carbons.


name: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste

description: The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


name: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste

description: The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


name: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sweet taste

description: The series of events required for a sweet taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


name: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of salty taste

description: The series of events required for a salty taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


name: Gi/o-coupled serotonin receptor activity

description: Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gi/o subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gi/o subunit subsequently inhibits adenylate cyclase and results in a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels.


name: Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity

description: Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gq/11 subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gq/11 subunit subsequently activates phospholipase C and results in an increase in inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels.


name: dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs

description: Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gs to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go

description: Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gi/Go to initiate a change in cell activity.


trace-amine receptor activity

description: Combining with a trace amine to initiate a change in cell activity. Trace amines are biogenic amines that are synthesized from aromatic amino acids and are substrates for monoamine oxidase, and are therefore detectable only at trace levels in mammals.


angiotensin receptor activity

description: Combining with angiotensin to initiate a change in cell activity.


angiotensin type I receptor activity

description: An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ signaling, and may act via additional signaling mechanisms.


peptide YY receptor activity

description: Combining with gut peptide YY to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: pancreatic polypeptide receptor activity

description: Combining with pancreatic polypeptide PP to initiate a change in cell activity.


urotensin II receptor activity

description: Combining with urotensin II to initiate a change in cell activity.


adrenomedullin receptor activity

description: Combining with adrenomedullin to initiate a change in cell activity.


neuromedin U receptor activity

description: Combining with neuromedin U to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: G protein-coupled nucleotide receptor activity

description: Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity

description: Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


purinergic nucleotide receptor activity

description: Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: growth hormone secretagogue receptor activity

description: Combining with ghrelin to initiate a change in cell activity.


virus receptor activity

description: Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.


G protein-coupled ADP receptor activity

description: Combining with ADP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


nociceptin receptor activity

description: Combining with the peptide nociceptin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


cysteinyl leukotriene receptor activity

description: Combining with a cysteinyl leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are leukotrienes that contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


leukotriene B4 receptor activity

description: Combining with leukotriene B4, LTB4, to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotriene B4 is also known as (6Z, 8E, 10E, 14Z)-(5S, 12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraen-1-oate.


name: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor that interacts with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.


name: calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor activity

description: Combining with a calcitonin gene-related polypeptide (CGRP) to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor activity

description: Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: PLC activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system.


name: adenylate cyclase inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

description: Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex to inhibit downstream adenylate cyclase activity.


name: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.


name: group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by L-AP-4 and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.