A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS.


A heparin hexasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-3,6-di-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by 1->4 linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S-GlcA-GlcNS3S6S.


A heparin hexasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by 1->4 linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNAc-GlcA-GlcNS6S.


A heparin pentasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-D-glucopyranosyl, and beta-D-glucopyranuronic acid joined in sequence by alpha-(1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S-GlcA.


A heparin tetrasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl,D-glucopyranuronosyl and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages with alpha, alpha, and beta configuration, respectively. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-GlcA-GlcNS6S.


A heparin tetrasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose joined in sequence by alpha-(1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS.


An unsaturated heparin disaccharide that is 2N,6-O-disulfo-alpha-D-glucosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronic acid. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S.


An unsaturated heparin disaccharide that is 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by a 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid moiety. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS.


A heparin icosasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl,2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by alpha-(1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoA2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoA2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoA2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoA2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoA2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoA2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoA2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoA2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoA2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNS6S.


A heparin hexadecasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-3,6-di-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-[-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-]5-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S-GlcA-GlcNS3S6S.


A heparin hexadecasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-[-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-]7-GlcNS6S


A heparin tetradecasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-3,6-di-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-[-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-]4-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S-GlcA-GlcNS3S6S.


A heparin tetradecasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S.


A heparin dodecasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-3,6-di-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S-GlcA-GlcNS3S6S.


9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate

A retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-cis-retinol.


A heparin dodecasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S.


A heparin decasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-3,6-di-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S-GlcA-GlcNS3S6S.


A heparin decasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-b-D-GlcAp-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S.


A heparin decasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by alpha-(1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S.


A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-3,6-di-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S-GlcA-GlcNS3S6S.


A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-GlcA-GlcNS6S.


A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose joined in sequence by alpha-(1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S.


A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DHexA-GlcNSO3-HexA-GlcNSO3(6SO4)-HexA-GlcNSO3(6SO4)-HexA-GlcNSO3(6SO4).


A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.


A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DHexA-GlcNSO3-HexA-GlcNSO3(6SO4)-HexA-GlcNSO3(6SO4)-HexA-GlcNSO3.


A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DHexA-GlcNSO3-HexA-GlcNSO3(6SO4)-HexA-GlcNSO3-HexA-GlcNSO3.


A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-2-O-sulfo-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-2-O-sulfo-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-2-O-sulfo-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DHexA-GlcNSO3-HexA(2SO4)-GlcNSO3-HexA(2SO4)-GlcNSO3-HexA(2SO4)-GlcNSO3.


A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-2-O-sulfo-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-2-O-sulfo-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DHexA-GlcNSO3-HexA(2SO4)-GlcNSO3-HexA(2SO4)-GlcNSO3-HexA-GlcNSO3.


13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate

A retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 13-cis-retinol.


A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-2-O-sulfo-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DHexA-GlcNSO3-HexA(2SO4)-GlcNSO3-HexA-GlcNSO3-HexA-GlcNSO3.


A heparin octasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, (5xi)-D-xylo-hexopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages.  Sequence: DHexA-GlcNSO3-HexA-GlcNSO3-HexA-GlcNSO3-HexA-GlcNSO3.


A heparin hexasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose connected in sequence by 1->4 linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNp2S6S (1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNp2S6S(1-4)-b-D-GlcAp(1-4)-a-D-GlcNp2S6S.


A heparin hexasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose groups joined in sequence by alpha-(1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNp2S6S (1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNp2S6S(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNp2S.


A heparin hexasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranose joined in sequence by alpha-(1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S (1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpAc6S


A heparin hexasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranose joined in sequence by alpha-(1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S (1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S.


A heparin tetrasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronosyl and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose joined in sequence by alpha-(1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S (1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S.


A heparin disaccharide that is 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by 2-N,6-O-disulfo-alpha-D-glucosamine. Sequence: GlcNS6S-IdoA2S.


A heparin disaccharide that is 6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by alpha-L-idopyranuronic acid.  Sequence: IdoA-GlcN(6-OSO3).


A heparin disaccharide that is 2-N-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronic acid. Sequence: IdoA(2-OSO3)-GlcNSO3.


A heparin disaccharide that is N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by alpha-L-idopyranuronic acid. Sequence: IdoA-GlcNAc


A heparin disaccharide that is N-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by alpha-L-idopyranuronic acid.  Sequence: IdoA-GlcNSO3.


A heparin disaccharide that is 2N,6-O-disulfo-alpha-D-glucosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by alpha-L-idopyranuronic acid. Sequence: IdoA-GlcNSO3(6-OSO3).


all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol.


A heparin disaccharide that is 6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronic acid. Sequence: IdoA(2-OSO3)-GlcN(6-OSO3).


A heparin decasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-GlcA-GlcNS6S.


tetradecyl tetradecanoate

A tetradecanoate ester (myristate ester) resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid) with the hydroxy group of tetradecan-1-ol (myristyl alcohol). Used as an emollient.


13-cis-retinyl hexadecanoate

A retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 13-cis-retinol.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-) in which the 1- and 2-acyl substituent are specified as oleoyl and (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl respectively; major species at pH 7.3.


all-trans-retinyl heptanoate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of heptanoic acid with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol.


9-cis-retinyl hexadecanoate

A retinyl palmitate obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-cis-retinol.


3'-unsubstituted flavone

Any flavone lacking a substituent at position 3'.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 3-hydroxy group carries a carboxymethyl substituent.


unsaturated heparin disaccharide

A heparin disaccharide that contains a C4-C5 double bond in a uronic acid (DeltaUA) moiety. They are generally produced by the digestion of heparin by various heparinases.


heparin disaccharide

Any disaccharide derivative resulting from the enzymic digestion of heparin.


Any methoxyflavone with a methoxy substituent at position 3'.


Any hydroxyflavone with a hydroxy substituent at position 5' and a methoxy substituent at position 3'.


A dimethoxyflavone in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3' and 5' have been replaced by methoxy groups.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of alpha-D-galactosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl diphosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


A monoalkylmonoacylglycerol in which the alkyl is specified as (9Z)-octadecenyl at position 1 and the acyl group is (9Z)-octadecenoyl with undefined position, it could be 2 or 3 of the glycerol molecule.


A 1-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol in which the alkyl group is specified as (9Z)-octadecenyl while the two acyl groups are both oleoyl.


picolinafen

A pyridinecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-(m-trifluoromethylphenoxy)picolinic acid with the amino group of p-fluoroaniline. A carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide for the control of broad-leaved weeds in cereal crops.


flurtamone

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-flurtamone. A carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor used to control broad-leaved weeds in cereal crops.


FLURTAMONE

A member of the class of furans that is furan-3(2H)-one which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by phenyl, m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, and methylamino groups, respectively.


(R)-flurtamone

A 5-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furan-3(2H)-one that has R configuration.


(S)-flurtamone

A 5-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furan-3(2H)-one that has S configuration.


very long-chain primary fatty alcohol

Any primary fatty alcohol with a chain length between C23 and C27.


cholesteryl hemisuccinate

A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. A detergent that is often used to replace cholesterol in protein crystallography, biochemical studies of proteins, and pharmacology.


An N-sulfonylcarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of o-naphthalen-2-ylcinnamic acid with the sulfonamide group of 5-bromo-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide. It is a selective antagonist for the prostanoid receptor EP3, a prostaglandin receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the acyl group is specified as (9S,11R)-epidioxy-(15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,13E)-prostadienoyl.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the acyl group is specified as (9S,11R)-epidioxy-(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,13E)-prostadienoyl.


A 6-(3-hexenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.


alpha-isomethylionyl acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-ol. It is used a flavoring agent.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which both acyl substituents are specified as (9Z)-hexadecenoyl (palmitoleoyl).


lysophosphatidylglycerol 16:1

A lysophosphatidylglycerol in which the acyl group (position of attachment not specified) contains 16 carbons and 1 double bond.


D-tagatopyranose 1-phosphate

A ketohexose monophosphate that is D-tagatopyranose in which the phosphono substituent is located at position 1.


Gly-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Thr-Ser-His-Tyr

An oligopeptide composed of glycine, L-tyrosine, L-serine, L-isoleucine, L-threonine, L-serine, L-histidine and L-tyrosine joined in sequence by peptide linkages.


name: archaeosine 5'-phosphate zwitterionic residue

description: A zwitterionic group derived from archaeosine, a  7-formamidino-7-deazaguanine; major microspecies at pH 7.3


An oligopeptide composed of L-alanine, L-arginine, glycine, L-tyrosine, L-serine, L-serine, L-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine, L-tyrosine, L-trytophan, L-phenylalanine, L-phenylalanine, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine joined in sequence by peptide linkages.


An oligopeptide composed of L-alanine, L-arginine, glycine, L-tyrosine, L-serine, L-serine, L-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine, L-tyrosine, L-trytophan, L-phenylalanine and L-phenylalanine joined in sequence by peptide linkages.


An oligopeptide composed of L-alanine, L-arginine, glycine, L-tyrosine, L-serine, L-serine, L-phenylalanine, L-arginine, L-tyrosine, L-trytophan, L-phenylalanine and L-phenylalanine joined in sequence by peptide linkages.


ent-copal-8-ol diphosphate

A diterpenyl phosphate that is the O-diphospho derivative of ent-copal-8-ol.


A CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose(2-) in which the anomeric centre of the deoxyglucose fragment has alpha-configuration.


An aldehydic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of (R)-3-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid.


A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at position 4 by an ethoxycarbonyl group, while the other is substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-hydroxy-PGDH).


MMP9 inhibitor I

A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxy-3-methylbenzamide in which the the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by benzyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]amino and (diethylamino)methyl groups, respectively. It is a cell-permeable, potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9, EC 3.4.24.35).


name: 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid CoA thioester(4-)

description: A steroidal acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of any 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid; major species at pH 7.3.


3-oxo bile acid CoA thioester(4-)

A steroidal acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of any 3-oxo bile acid; major species at pH 7.3.


oxolinic acid

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid having the carboxy group at position 7 as well as oxo and ethyl groups at positions 4 and 1 respectively and a dioxolo ring fused at the 5- and 6-positions. A synthetic antibiotic, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections in cattle, pigs and poultry.


HT-2 TOXIN

A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin.


beta-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate(2-)

a D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate(2-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of beta-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


prinomastat

A hydroxamic acid that is (3S)-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylthiomorpholine-3-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the thiomorpholine nitrogen has been replaced by a [4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl group. It is a selective inhibitor with of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, 9, 13, and 14.


(R)-3-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid

A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxobutanoic acid in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.


peregrinol diphosphate

A diterpenyl phosphate that is the 15-O-diphospho derivative of peregrinol.


inositol C20 phosphophytoceramide(1-)

An inositol phosphophytoceramide(1-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of any inositol C20 phosphophytoceramide; major species at pH 7.3.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide(1-) having an acyl group attached to the ceramide nitrogen and hydroxylation at C4 of the C20 sphingoid base; major species at pH 7.3.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide(1-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of any Man-1-6-Ins-1-P-Cer(d18:0); major species at pH 7.3.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide(1-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of any Man-1-6-Ins-1-P-Cer(d20:0); major species at pH 7.3.


3',5'-unsubstituted flavanone

A flavanone lacking any substituents at positions 3' and 5'


meso-zeaxanthin

A carotenol that is beta,beta-carotene carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3R,3'S-diastereomer). It is rarely found in diet and is believed to be formed at the macula by metabolic transformations of ingested carotenoids.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are both specified as hexanoyl.


1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as heptanoyl and hexanoyl respectively.


1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are both specified as heptadecanoyl.


An N-hexadecanoylphosphatidylethanolamine in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are both specified as heptadecanoyl.


An N-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are both specified as heptadecanoyl.


An L-tryptophan derivative in which the indolyl ring nitrogen carries a nitroso substituent.


N(omega)-nitroso-L-arginine

An L-arginine derivative in which one of the omega-nitrogen atoms carries a nitroso substituent.


A dipeptide that is glutathione in which the amino group on the glutamyl residue has been replaced by an oxo group.


S-nitroso-L-cysteine

An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent.  A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.


N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysine residue

An N(6)-acyl-L-lysine residue derived from N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysine.


D-xylulose 1,5-bisphosphate

A xylulose phosphate that is D-xylulose carrying two phospho groups at positions 1 and 5.


A branched hexasaccharide derivative consisting of a linear tetrasaccharide unit of beta-L-rhamnose, beta-D-glucose, and two alpha-L-rhamnose residues, linked sequentially (1->4), (1->3) and (1->3), to the non-reducing-end alpha-L-rhamnose residue is also linked (1->2) an alpha-D-glucuronosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucosyl disaccharide branch, the whole linked glycosidically to a 5-aminopentyl group.


azelaoyl-PAF

A 2-acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl and the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as hexadecyl and 8-carboxyoctanoyl respectively.


A hydroxy fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid.


An abietane diterpenoid that is ferruginol in which the hydrogen ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


carnosate

A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of carnosic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.


salviol

A meroterpenoid that is ferruginol which has been substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 6.


maniladiol

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene in which the hydrogens at the 3beta and 16beta positions have been replaced by hydroxy groups.


cochalate

A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of cochalic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.


A disaccharide derivative consisting of two alpha-L-rhamnosyl residues linked (1->3) and at the reducing end linked glycosidically to a 5-aminopentyl group.


An organic anion that is the conjugate base of (4S)-2,3-dehydroleucocyanidin, obtained by deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).


A disaccharide derivative consisting of a beta-D-glucosyl residue glycosidically linked to a 5-aminopentyl group and which carries at O-3 a beta-L-rhamnosyl residue.


An organic anion that is the conjugate base of (4S)-2,3-dehydroleucopelargonidin, obtained by deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).


3'-hydroxy-5'-unsubstituted flavanone

Any 3'-hydroxyflavanone with lacking a substituent at position 5'.


A trisaccharide derivative consisting of an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue glycosidically linked to a 5-aminopentyl group and which carries at O-3 a beta-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnosyl disaccharide unit.


daturadiol

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene in which the hydrogens at the 3beta and 6beta positions have been replaced by hydroxy groups. Found in the seeds of the downy thorn-apple, Datura innoxia.


A disaccharide derivative consisting of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue glycosidically linked to a 5-aminopentyl group and which carries at O-6 an alpha-D-glucosyluronic acid residue.


A tetrasaccharide derivative consisting of an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue glycosidically linked to a 5-aminopentyl group and which carries at O-3 a beta-L-rhamnosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnosyl trisaccharide unit.


A hydroxy fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxydecanoic acid.


A linear tetrasaccharide derivative consisting of an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue glycosidically linked to a 5-aminopentyl group and which carries at O-3 an alpha-D-glucuronosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-rhamnosyl trisaccharide unit.


SUGIOL

An abietane diterpenoid that is ferruginol in which the methylene group para to the phenolic hydroxy group has been substituted by an oxo group.


DEMETHYLCRYPTOJAPONOL

An abietane diterpenoid that is sugiol in which the hydrogen ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


An abietane diterpenoid that is 11-hydroxysugiol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to a ring junction has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A hydroxy fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid.


An abietane diterpenoid that is ferruginol in which a hydrogen of the bridgehead methyl group and the hydrogen ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group have both been replaced by hydroxy groups.


A pimarane diterpenoid in which the hydrogen at position 3beta has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A diterpenoid that is ent-cassa-12,15-diene in which the hydrogen at position 2beta has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A diterpenoid that is ent-cassa-12,15-diene in which the hydrogens at positions 2beta and 3beta have been replaced by hydroxy groups.


A diterpenoid that is ent-cassa-12,15-diene in which the methylene hydrogens at position 2 have been replaced by a keto group.


A diterpenoid that is ent-cassa-12,15-diene carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 3beta respectively.


drimendiol

A member of the class of octahydronaphthalenes that is drimenol in which a hydrogen of the allylic methyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 4,9-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-5,24-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 9beta, 10, and 14, and by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 11alpha.


A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is cucurbitadienol in which the methylene hydrogens at position 11 have been replaced by an oxo group.


MOGROL

A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is cucurbitadienol in which the side-chain double bond (position 24-25) has undergone formal oxidation to introduce hydroxy groups at positions 24 and 25 (the 24R stereoisomer). It is a biometabolite of mogrosides found in Siraitia grosvenorii.


mogroside IE

A mogroside that is mogrol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


A branched polysaccharide composed of a backbone of repeating beta-L-rhamnosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-D-glucuronosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->2)]-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnosyl units, joined by (1->3) linkages. The repeating unit is that of the Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 2 capsular polysaccharide.


Lys-GalA

An L-lysine derivative arising from amide formation between N-2 of L-lysine and the carboxy group of alpha-D-galactopyranuronic acid.


hemisuccinate

A succinate ester in which only one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid has been esterified.


An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the tertiary amino group of AZD1979.  A melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonist.


AZD1979 oxetane hydrolysis product

A diol resulting from hydrolysis of the oxetane ring of AZD1979.


taurino group

An organyl group that is the functional group of taurine attaching at the nitrogen


cis-alkene

Any alkene having cis-geometry about the double bond.


A hydroxy fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxyheptadecanoic acid


A hydroxy fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxyicosanoic acid


A hydroxy fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid.


A hydroxy fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol which has undergone formal oxidative coupling at positions 20 and 23 to the hydroxy group and methyl group, respectively, of methanol to afford the corresponding oxolane ring (the 20S,23S stereoisomer). It is a superagonist of the vitamin D nuclear receptor in vitro, but is as calcemic in vivo as the natural ligand.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol which has undergone formal oxidative coupling at positions 20 and 23 to the hydroxy group and methyl group, respectively, of methanol to afford the corresponding oxolane ring (the 20S,23R stereoisomer). It is less calcemic towards the vitamin D nuclear receptor than 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vivo.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity.


HYDROXYSAFFLOR YELLOW A

A C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).


nerylneryl diphosphate(3-)

An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of nerylneryl diphosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


(-)-kolavenyl diphosphate

A diterpenyl phosphate that is the O-diphospho derivative of (-)-kolavenol


(+)-kolavenyl diphosphate

A diterpenyl phosphate that is the O-diphospho derivative of (+)-kolavenol


L-firefly luciferyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of L-firefly luciferin.


ent-Photinus luciferin

A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.


GOLGICIDE A

A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising racemic cis- and racemic trans-goglioside A in a 10:1 ratio. It is a potent and rapidly reversible GBF1 (Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) inhibitor. The (3aS,4R,9bR) isomer is the most active (see Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2012, 22, 5177-5181).


An inositol-1-phospho-N-(2-hydroxyhexacosanoyl)phytosphingoid(1-) in which the sphingoid base portion contains 18 carbons.


An Ins-1-P-Cer-C(1-) in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxyhexacosanoyl.


FLUMIPROPYN

A dicarboximide that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a 5-(but-3-yn-2-yloxy)-4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl group.


(R)-flumipropyn

A 2-[5-(but-3-yn-2-yloxy)-4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione that has R configuration.


A 2-[5-(but-3-yn-2-yloxy)-4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione that has S configuration.


carbocyclic thromboxane A2

A member of the class of thromboxanes that is thromboxane A2 in which the bridging oxygen has been replaced by a methylene group.


19-hydroxycarbocyclic thromboxane A2

A member of the class of thromboxanes that is carbocyclic thromboxane A2 carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 19.


18-hydroxycarbocyclic thromboxane A2

A member of the class of thromboxanes that is carbocyclic thromboxane A2 carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 18.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which has been substituted at position 5 by a 4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl group, the nitrogen of which has been acylated by a (6-methylpyridin-2-yl)acetyl group. An orally bioavailable PERK inhibitor.


dihydroceramide

An N-acylsphingoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the amino group of any dihydrosphingoid base.


phytoceramide

A class of phytoceramides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the amino group of any phytosphingoid base.


An inositol phosphoceramide(1-) obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of any inositol-1-phosphodihydroceramide; major species at pH 7.3.


An inositol phosphoceramide(1-) obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of any inositol-1-phosphophytoceramide; major species at pH 7.3.


An inositol phosphophytoceramide(1-) obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of any inositol-1-phospho-N-acyl-(E)-phytosphing-8-enine; major species at pH 7.3.


A synthetic chiral mycolic acid analogue comprising 3-hydroxypropanoic acid having a tetracosanyl group at position 2 and a further long-chain alkyl group containing cyclopropyl, methoxy and methyl functions attached at position 3.


A pyridine nucleotide having 3-carboxy-5-(sulfanylcarbonyl)pyridine as the nucleobase.


A beta-D-galactosyl disaccharide group formed by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactose.


An alkane that is octane substituted by an ethyl group at position 3 and by methyl groups at positions 2 and 7. It is a urinary sex pheromone found in male mice.


An oxo fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxylic acid group of (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoic acid.


An mannosylinositol phosphoceramide(1-) obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of any mannosylinositol-1-phosphodihydroceramide; major species at pH 7.3.


An mannosylinositol phosphophytoceramide(1-) obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of any mannosylinositol-1-phosphophytoceramide; major species at pH 7.3.


An anionic phospholipid obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH groups of any inositol phosphomannosylinositol-1-phosphophytoceramide; major species at pH 7.3..


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol phosphophytoceramide(2-) obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH groups of any inositol phosphomannosylinositol-1-phosphophytoceramide; major species at pH 7.3.


An organic cation resulting from the protonation of the primary amino group of 4-hydroxytryptamine. The major species at pH 7.3.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and protonation of the amino group of norbaeocystin; major species at pH 7.3.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and protonation of the amino group of baeocystin; major species at pH 7.3.


An organophosphate oxoanion resulting from the protons from the phosphate group and the protonation of the tertiary amino group of psilocybin. The major species at pH 7.3


An organic phosphoramidate anion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphoramidate and carboxy groups as well as protonation of the amino group of N(5)-phospho-L-glutamine; major species at pH 7.3.


name: 3-methyldeoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate zwitterion residue

description: A zwitterionic group derived from 3-methyldeoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline which is substituted by a pyridin-3-yl at position 4 and by fluorines at positions 6 and 8.


(3aR,4S,9bS)-golgicide A

A 6,8-difluoro-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline that has 3aR,4S,9bS configuration.


(3aS,4R,9bR)-golgicide A

A 6,8-difluoro-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline that has 3aS,4R,9bR configuration. It is the most active stereoisomer of golgicide A.


cis-golgicide A

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3aR,4S,9bS)- and (3aS,4R,9bR)-golgicide A. Commercially available golgicide A is a 10:1 mixture of cis- and trans-golgicide A; the (3aS,4R,9bR) stereoisomer is the most active.


(3aR,4R,9bS)-golgicide A

A 6,8-difluoro-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline that has 3aR,4R,9bS configuration.


(3aS,4S,9bR)-golgicide A

A 6,8-difluoro-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline that has 3aS,4S,9bR configuration.


trans-golgicide A

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3aR,4R,9bS)- and (3aS,4S,9bR)-golgicide A. Commercially available golgicide A is a 10:1 mixture of cis- and trans-golgicide A; the (3aS,4R,9bR) stereoisomer is the most active.


A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (E)-hex-4-enoic acid.


A carbocyclic fatty acid that is hexanoic acid substituted at position 6 by a 3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl}cyclopentyl group.


A galactosyl disaccharide group formed by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactose.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate function of 3-methyldeoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A purine deoxyribonucleotide residue derived from N(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol-1-phosphophytoceramide(2-) obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of inositol phosphomannosylinositol-1-phospho-N-acylphytosphingosine; major species at pH 7.3.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol-1-phosphophytoceramide(2-) obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of inositol phosphomannosylinositol-1-phospho-C20-phytoceramide; major species at pH 7.3.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol-1-phosphodihydroceramide(2-) obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of inositol phosphomannosylinositol-1-phospho-N-acylsphinganine; major species at pH 7.3.


An inositol phosphomannosylinositol-1-phosphodihydroceramide(2-) obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of inositol phosphomannosylinositol-1-phospho-C20-dihydroceramide; major species at pH 7.3.


2'-deoxyribose 5'-monophosphate residue

A deoxyribonucleotide residue that has lost its base either spontaneously or through the action of glycosylases.


An organic anionic group that is the conjugate base of 2'-deoxyribose 5'-monophosphate residue obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.


name: 1-methyldeoxyadenosine  5'-monophosphate residue

description: A zwitterionic group derived from 1-methyldeoxyadenosine  5'-monophosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


name: 7-methyldeoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate zwitterion residue

description: A zwitterionic group derived from 7-methyldeoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


A beta-D-galactosyl disaccharide group formed by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactose. Implied reactive epitope within lactosylceramide.


A beta-D-galactosyl disaccharide group formed by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactose.


MDMA

A member of the class of  benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.


A disaccharide consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose having a D-galactopyranosyl residue attached at the 6-position via an alpha-linkage. alpha-D-Gal-(1->6)-D-Gal in which the configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre is beta.


A glycosyl group obtained by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose


A glycosyl group obtained by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->2)-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-galactose


A branched trisaccharide comprising beta-D-galactose (at the reducing end), to which are linked (1->2) and (1->6) alpha-D-galactosyl residues.


A 3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of (R,R)-3-(3-hydroxydecanoyloxy)decanoic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.


An oxo fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxylic acid group of (9S,13S)-1a,1b-dinor-10,11-dihydro-12-oxo-15-phytoenoic acid.


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(octanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(6-phenylhexyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1.


An oxo fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxylic acid group of (9S,13S)-1a,1b-dinor-12-oxo-10,15-phytodienoic acid.


hexadecanoyl phosphate

An acyl monophosphate in which the acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).


A 3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoic acid in which both stereocentres have R configuration.


alpha-galactosylsphingamide

A galactolipid in which the side chain of a galactosylphytosphingosine has been modified by amidation. Some alpha-galactosylsphingamides have been shown to exhibit antigenic properties.


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(octanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(8-phenyloctyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1.


A synthetic sphingoid in which C16 phytosphingosine is substituted at O-1, C-16 and N with respectively an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl group, a phenyl group and an octanoyl group.


carotenoid psi-end derivative

Any carotenoid derivative with a psi-end group.


carotenoid  epsilon-end derivative

Any carotenoid  derivative with an epsilon-end group.


carotenoid beta-end derivative

Any carotenoid derivative with an beta-end group


A medium-chain unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (3E,5Z)-dodecadienoic acid.


A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid obtained by formal hydration across the 2,3-double bond of tabersonine.


An alpha-amino-acid residue anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of C-terminal S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine residue; major species at pH 7.3.


C-terminal S-cyano-L-cysteinate residue

An alpha-amino-acid residue anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of C-terminal S-cyano-L-cysteine residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the sulfonic acid group of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of (2R)-2-amino-N-(2-furylmethyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-thienylmethyl)acetamide. OSMI-1 is a cell permeable inhibitor of O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (O-GlcNAc transferase, OGT).


A galactosylceramide sulfate(1-) that is the conjugate base of 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-[(15Z)-tetracos-15-enoyl]sphingosine obtained by deprotonation of the sulfate group; major species at pH 7.3.


beta-D-glucosyl-N-(oleoyl)sphingosine

An N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine where the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as oleoyl.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and a 7-phenylheptanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and a 9-phenylnonanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


An anionic phospholipid that is the conjugate base of beta-D-mannosyl C32-phosphomycoketide obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.


phosphomycoketide C32(2-)

An anionic phospholipid that is the conjugate base of phosphomycoketide C32 obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.


A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate groups of 4-O-({poly[2-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-1-D-ribitylphosphonato]}-di{[2R]-1-glycerylphosphonato})-N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl diphosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate groups of 4-O-({poly[2-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1-D-ribitylphosphonato]}-di{[2R]-1-glycerylphosphonato})-N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl diphosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


mannose-1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate(2-)

A phosphate monoester dianion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of mannose-1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of mannose-(1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate)2; major species at pH 7.3.


A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate groups of 4-O-[poly(2-beta-D-glucosyl-1-D-ribitylphosphonato)-1-D-ribitylphosphonato-(2R)-1-glycerylphosphonato]-N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl diphosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


A 3,3'-lysobisphosphatidate obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of (S,S)-bis-(3-oleoylglycero)-1-phosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


A organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy and phosphate groups of ADP-5-ethyl-4-methylthiazole-2-carboxylic acid; major species at pH 7.3.


A 1-acylglycero-3-phospho-1'-glycerol(1-) that is the conjugate base of (S,S)-3-oleoyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.


A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-phenoxyazetidine and in which the phenoxy group has been substituted at the para- position by a 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-ylmethyl group. It is a melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonist.


A 1,1'-lysobisphosphatidate obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of (S,S)-bis-(2-oleoylglycero)-1-phosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


An anionic phospholipid that is the conjugate base of (S,S)-2-oleoylglycero-1-phospho-1'-glycerol obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.


A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of [(1->2)-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonosyl]n; major species at pH 7.3.


A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of alpha-D-galacturonosyl-[(1->2)-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonosyl]n; major species at pH 7.3.


A tertiary amino compound that is p-methoxybenzylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the amino group have been replaced by methyl and 3-methyloxetan-3-yl groups.


An ammonium ion obtained by protonation of the amino group of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-N-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl]methanamine. The major species at pH 7.3.


oleuropein aglycone

A secoiridoid that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2R,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.


A tertiary amino compound that is p-methoxybenzylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the amino group have been replaced by a methyl group and a 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl group. Obtained from 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-N-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl]methanamine by hydrolysis of the oxetane moiety using human liver microsomes.


An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the amino group of 2-{[(4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino]methyl}-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol.


Metabolomics data of thiamine supplementation in rumen


secoiridoid

An iridoid monoterpenoid in which a bond in the cyclopentane ring has been cleaved.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an 11-phenylundecanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and a 15-phenylpentadecanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and a 21-phenylhenicosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and a 25-phenylpentacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


An amino acid zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the side-chain amino group of any N(2)-[(3R)-3-(2-hydroxyacyloxy)acyl]-L-ornithine; major species at pH 7.3.


An acylglycerophosphoacylglycerol(1-) that is the conjugate base of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-oleoyl)-sn-glycerol, obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.


heparin oligosaccharide

Any oligosaccharide derivative resulting from  either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycan heparin.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and a 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)hexanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and a 6-(4-fluorophenyl)hexanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and a 6-(4-trifluoromethyl)hexanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


bryostatin 2

A member of the class of bryostatins that is bryostatin 1 in which the acetoxy group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and a 6-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)hexanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


4,4'-diapolycopen-4-oic acid

An apo carotenoid triterpenoid that is 4,4'-diapolycopene in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been replaced by a carboxy group.


A retinoid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-D-glucuronide arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.


A retinoid glucosiduronic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of 4-(beta-D-glucopyranuronosyloxy)retinoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.


A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 5,6-epoxyretinoic acid arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.


A retinoid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of 1-O-(5,6-epoxyretinoyl)-beta-D-glucuronic acid arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.


A retinoid glucosiduronic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 1-O-(4-oxoretinoyl)-beta-D-glucuronic acid arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


retinoid glucosiduronic acid anion

A carbohydrate acid derivative anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxy group(s) of any retinoid glucosiduronic acid.


2-hydroxy fatty acid anion 14:0

A hydroxy fatty acid anion 14:0 in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position 2.


hydroxy fatty acid anion 14:0

Any hydroxy saturated fatty acid anion containing 14 carbons.


2-hydroxy fatty acid anion 16:0

A hydroxy fatty acid anion 16:0 in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position 2.


hydroxy fatty acid anion 16:0

Any hydroxy saturated fatty acid anion containing 16 carbons.


2-hydroxy fatty acid anion 18:0

A hydroxy fatty acid anion 18:0 in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position 2.


hydroxy fatty acid anion 18:0

Any hydroxy saturated fatty acid anion containing 18 carbons.


2-hydroxy fatty acid anion 20:0

A hydroxy fatty acid anion 20:0 in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position 2.


hydroxy fatty acid anion 20:0

Any hydroxy saturated fatty acid anion containing 20 carbons.


2-hydroxy fatty acid anion 22:0

A hydroxy fatty acid anion 22:0 in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position 2.


hydroxy fatty acid anion 22:0

Any hydroxy saturated fatty acid anion containing 22 carbons.


2-hydroxy fatty acid anion 24:0

A hydroxy fatty acid anion 24:0 in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position 2.


hydroxy fatty acid anion 24:0

Any hydroxy saturated fatty acid anion containing 24 carbons.


2-hydroxy fatty acid anion 26:0

A hydroxy fatty acid anion 26:0 in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position 2.


hydroxy fatty acid anion 26:0

Any hydroxy saturated fatty acid anion containing 26 carbons.


2-hydroxy fatty acid anion 28:0

A hydroxy fatty acid anion 28:0 in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position 2.


hydroxy fatty acid anion 28:0

Any hydroxy saturated fatty acid anion containing 28 carbons.


hydroxy fatty acid anion 24:1

Any hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid anion containing 24 carbons.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)octanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an 8-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]octanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an 8-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)octanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


heparin pentasaccharide

Any amino pentasaccharide obtained by either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycan heparin.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an 11-(4-methoxyphenyl)undecanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an 11-(4-trifluoromethyl)undecanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


cochalic acid

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta and 16beta positions, dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond at the 12-13 position, and in which the methyl substituent at position 17 has undergone oxidation to give the corresponding carboxylic acid. Found in the cactus Myrtillocactus cochal.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an 11-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)undecanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A member of the class of tryptamines that is tryptamine in which the the indole ring has been substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.


secondary nitroalkane

A nitroalkane in which the nitro group, -NO2, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


An alpha-galactosylceramide in which the nitrogen carries a hexacosanamido group and C-4 carries in addition to a hydroxy function a 2-phenylethyl group. Essentially a phytosphingosine analogue with a truncated lipid chain terminating in a benzene ring, it has been used in investigations on the binding affinity of glycolipids to CD1d molecules.


An alpha-galactosylceramide in which the nitrogen carries a hexacosanamido group and C-4 carries in addition to a hydroxy function a 4-phenylbutyl group. Essentially a phytosphingosine analogue with a truncated lipid chain terminating in a benzene ring, it has been used in investigations on the binding affinity of glycolipids to CD1d molecules.


An alpha-galactosylceramide in which the nitrogen carries a hexacosanamido group and C-4 carries in addition to a hydroxy function a 7-phenylhexyl group. Essentially a phytosphingosine analogue with a truncated lipid chain terminating in a benzene ring, it has been used in investigations on the binding affinity of glycolipids to CD1d molecules.


An alpha-galactosylceramide in which the nitrogen carries a hexacosanamido group and C-4 carries in addition to a hydroxy function a 9-phenylnonyl group. Essentially a phytosphingosine analogue with a truncated lipid chain terminating in a benzene ring, it has been used in investigations on the binding affinity of glycolipids to CD1d molecules.


OMPT

A glycerophospholipid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the primary hydroxy group of (2S)-2-methylglycero-3-phosphothionate.


A benzoisoquinoline that is 1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-[(2-carboxyphenyl)thio]propyl group. It is a selective LPA2 receptor non-lipid agonist.


benzylpenamidyl group

A penicillinyl group arising from nucleophilic cleavage of the beta-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin and amidation of the thiazolidine nitrogen atom.


penicillin-derived group

Any organyl group derived from a penicillin.


benzylpenicillenyl group

A penicillin-derived group formed from benzylpenicillin via cleavage of the beta-lactam and thiazolidine rings and subsequent rearrangement enabling a link to be made between its sulfur atom and the thiol group of a protein cysteine residue.


A 2-acylglycerophospho-(2'-acylglycerol)(1-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of (R,R)-bis-(2-oleoylglycero)-1-phosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


benzylpenicanyl group

A penicillin-derived group formed from benzylpenicillin, enabling an amide linkage to be formed between its carboxy group and the epsilon-nitrogen of a protein lysine residue.


An anionic phospholipid that is the conjugate base of (R,R)-2-oleoylglycero-1-phospho-1'-glycerol obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.


A deoxyribonucleotide residue derived from 5-methyldeoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate.


A nucleotide residue derived from 5-hydroxymethylcytidine 5'-monophosphate.


3,3-dimethylcystein-S-yl group

A penicillin-derived group formed from benzylpenicillin via cleavage of the beta-lactam and thiazolidine rings to afford a dimethyl-substituted cysteine entity able to link to the thiol group of a protein cysteine residue through a sulfur-sulfur bond.


benzylpenamaldate group

A penicillin-derived group resulting from cleavage of the beta-lactam and thiazolidine ring systems of benzylpenicillin, enabling a new sulfur-sulfur link to be made between the resulting thiol group and the thiol group of a protein cysteine residue.


(3E,5Z)-dodecadienoic acid

A medium-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is dodecanoic acid containing two double bonds at positions 3 and 5 (the 3E,5Z-geoisomer).


A 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (R)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid.


bacteriochlorophyllide f(1-)

A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is obtained from any bacteriochlorophyllide f via deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


(R)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid

A 3-hydroxypentanoic acid in which the chiral centre at position 3 has R-configuration.


A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is obtained from any 7(1)-hydroxybacteriochlorophyllide d via deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is obtained from any 7(1),7(1)-hydroxybacteriochlorophyllide d via deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic fluorinated and deuterated analogue of vitamin D3 which exhibits vitamin D receptor superagonist and anti-cancer activity.


benzylpenilloic acid

A thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid resulting from nucleophilic cleavage of the beta-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin.


NBD-N(Me)-DKK(Biotin)betaA-OH

A tetrapeptide comprising in sequence an alpha-aspartyl residue, two lysyl residues and a beta-alanyl residue, to the nitrogen of the aspartyl residue of which are linked both a methyl group and a 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl moiety, while the epsilon nitrogen of the lysyl(II) residue carries a biotin moiety. It is used a peptide probe, with the biotin moiety finding application in immunoassays.


A butenolide that is (5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate carrying an additional 6-methylheptanoyl substituent at position 4.


NBD-N(Me)-DKbetaA-OH

A tripeptide comprising in sequence alpha-aspartyl, lysyl residue and beta-alanyl residues, to the nitrogen of the aspartyl residue of which are linked both a methyl group and a 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl moiety.


NBD-N(Me)-DbetaA-OH

A dipeptide comprising in sequence alpha-aspartyl and beta-alanyl residues, to the nitrogen of the aspartyl residue of which are linked both a methyl group and a 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl moiety.


DNP-N-GKbetaA-OH

A tripeptide comprising in sequence glycyl, lysyl and beta-alanyl residues, to the nitrogen of the glycyl residue of which is linked a 2,4-dinitrophenyl moiety.


[8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->]n polyanion

A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of [8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->]n; major species at pH 7.3.


A retinoid anion that is the conjugate base of 9-cis-4-hydroxyretinoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A retinoid anion that is the conjugate base of 9-cis-4-oxoretinoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


9-cis-4-oxoretinoic acid

A retinoid that consists of 9-cis-retinoic acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 4 on the cyclohexenyl ring.


all-trans-16-hydroxyretinoic acid

A retinoid that consists of all-trans-retinoic acid bearing an hydroxy substituent at position 16.


A retinoid anion that is the conjugate base of all-trans-16-hydroxyretinoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A retinoid anion that is the conjugate base of all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


all-trans-4,16-dihydroxyretinoic acid

A retinoid that consists of all-trans-retinoic acid bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 16.


A retinoid anion that is the conjugate base of all-trans-4,16-dihydroxyretinoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


all-trans-4,18-dihydroxyretinoic acid

A retinoid that consists of all-trans-retinoic acid bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 18.


A retinoid anion that is the conjugate base of all-trans-4,18-dihydroxyretinoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


all-trans-4-oxo-16-hydroxyretinoic acid

A retinoid that consists of all-trans-retinoic acid carrying an oxo substituent at position 4 and a hydroxy substituent at position 16.


A retinoid anion that is the conjugate base of all-trans-4-oxo-16-hydroxyretinoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


all-trans-4-oxo-18-hydroxyretinoic acid

A retinoid that consists of all-trans-retinoic acid carrying an oxo substituent at position 4 and a hydroxy substituent at position 18.


A retinoid anion that is the conjugate base of all-trans-4-oxo-18-hydroxyretinoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A butan-4-olide that is (5-oxooxolan-3-yl)methyl phosphate carrying an additional 6-methylheptanoyl substituent at position 4.


A 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (S)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid.


A  C21-steroid that is cortisone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. It is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.


(S)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid

A 3-hydroxypentanoic acid in which the chiral centre at position 3 has S-configuration.


A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.


3-hydroxypentanoic acid

A short-chain fatty acid that is valeric acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A phenolate anion that is the conjugate base of 4-O-methylxanthohumol, obtained by deprotonation of the 1-hydroxy group. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).


calcitriol 25-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)

A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of calcitriol 25-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.


A branched tetrasaccharide galactosyl group consisting of alpha-L-fucosyl and two beta-D-galactosyl residues linked sequentially (1->2) and (1->3), to the non-reducing-end galactosyl residue of which is also linked (1->3) an N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosyl residue. Blood group type-V A determinant.


A branched tetrasaccharide glucosyl group consisting of alpha-L-fucosyl, beta-D-galactosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues linked sequentially (1->2) and (1->3), to the galactosyl residue of which is also linked (1->3) an N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl residue. Blood group type-VI A determinant.


calcidiol 25-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)

A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of calcidiol 25-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.


calcidiol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)

A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of calcidiol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.


A branched tetrasaccharide galactosyl group consisting of alpha-L-fucosyl and two beta-D-galactosyl residues linked sequentially (1->2) and (1->3), to the non-reducing-end galactosyl residue of which is also linked (1->3) an alpha-D-galactosyl residue. Blood group type-V B determinant.


A branched tetrasaccharide glucosyl group consisting of alpha-L-fucosyl, beta-D-galactosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues linked sequentially (1->2) and (1->3), to the galactosyl residue of which is also linked (1->3) an alpha-D-galactosyl residue. Blood group type-VI B determinant.


A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.


A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of [(2->8)-N,O(7)-diacetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl]n; major species at pH 7.3.


A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of [(2->8)-N,O(9)-diacetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl]n; major species at pH 7.3.


A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of [(2->6)-alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl]n; major species at pH 7.3.


A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of [(2->6)-alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-N,O(7)-diacetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl]n; major species at pH 7.3.


A polyanionic polymer obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of [(2->6)-alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-N,O(9)-diacetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl]n; major species at pH 7.3.


A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is the carbanion obtained by removal of the acidic proton from position 21 of any chlorophyll. Major species at pH 7.3


A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion obtained by removal of the acidic proton from position 21 as well as deprotonation of the carboxy group of any chlorophyllide. Major species at pH 7.3


D-alanyl-AMP

A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is adenosine 5'-monophosphate in which one of the hydroxy groups of the phosphate has been condensed with the carboxylic acid group of D-alanine.


A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted to the corresponding decanoate esters. A Trpv4-specific ligand.


(+)-jasmonic acid

An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.


An L-isoleucine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (3R)-12-hydroxyjasmonic acid with the amino group of L-isoleucine.


An L-isoleucine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (3R)-jasmonic acid with the amino group of L-isoleucine.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxybutanoic acid.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid.


otophylloside B

A steroid saponin that is 17alpha-pregnenolone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8, 12beta, 14beta and 17beta, in which the 14beta-hydrocy group has been acylated by formal condensation with the carboxy group of (2E)-3,4-dimethylpent-2-enoic acid, and in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been glycosylated with 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranos. A C-21 steroidal glycoside, it is the essential active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Qingyangshen, isolated from Cynanchum otophyllum and used to treat epilepsy and rheumatic pain.


methanol extract of Sorbus alnifolia

A mixture resulting from methanol extraction of dried stems and twigs of Sorbus alnifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) K. Koch (Rosaceae) (also known as alder-leafed whitebeam, Korean whitebeam, or Korean mountain ash).


A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.


A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-alpha-D-GalNAc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.


A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.


A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.


A 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid that is cortisol in which the 20-oxo group has been reduced to a hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of cortisol identified in the urine of horses and humans, and its urinary excretion is increased in obesity.


A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.


A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.


A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-alpha-D-GalNAc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.


A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.


A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.


3-trisulfanyl-L-alanine residue

An L-alpha-amino acid residue derived from 3-trisulfanyl-L-alanine.


ds/ss telomeric DNA junction

The junction formed at the point where double-stranded telomeric DNA becomes a single-stranded G-rich telomeric DNA 3' overhang.


An alpha-amino-acid residue anion obtained by deprotonation of the sulfo group of S-(sulfosulfanyl)-L-cysteine residue; major species at pH 7.3.


poly(ethylene glycol) derivative

A polyether that is any poly(ethylene glycol) in which one or both of the terminal hydroxy groups has been substituted or undergone modification.


coelenterazine 2-hydroperoxide

A member of the class of oxidized luciferins that is obtained via formal hydroperoxidation at position 2 of Oplophorus luciferin.


coelenterazine dioxetanone

A member of the class of oxidized luciferins that is obtained via formal oxidative cleavage of Oplophorus luciferin.


methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-maleimide

A poly(ethylene glycol) derivative that is methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) in which the terminal hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding 2-maleimidoethyl ether. Used particularly for the mPEGylation of free thiol groups in cysteine residues of proteins.


5-chloro-L-tryptophan zwitterion

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the alpha-amino group of 5-chloro-L-tryptophan.


8-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid having a hydroxy group located at position 8.


nepicastat

A member of the class of 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thione in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 5,7-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl group while the carbon adjacent to it is substituted by an aminomethyl group (the S enantiomer). It is a potent and selective inhibitor of both bovine and human dopamine beta-hydroxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine.


6-chloro-L-tryptophan zwitterion

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the alpha-amino group of 6-chloro-L-tryptophan; major species at pH 7.3.


6,7-dichloro-L-tryptophan zwitterion

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the alpha-amino group of 6,7-dichloro-L-tryptophan; major species at pH 7.3.


A sesquiterpenoid that is (4Z,8Z)-4,8-dimethyltrideca-4,8-diene carrying two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 12. A product from bacterial degradation of rubber.


A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thione and its derivatives by substitution.


A polysaccharide composed of a backbone of alpha-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-galactofuranosyl repeating units that are joined to each other also via beta-(1->3)-linkages; corresponds to the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide from Plesiomonas shigelloides strain CNCTC 78/79, although in this species the O-acetylation is incomplete.


A branched 11-residue branched carbohydrate group consisting of one alpha-D-GalN, one beta-D-Gal, one alpha-D-GalNac, one alpha-D-GlcN, one beta-D-Glc, one alpha-Kdo, two alpha-D-GalA and three alpha-LDHep residues, linked as shown.


A member of the class of triazoles that is 2,2-dimethylpentane that is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by hydroxy, 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, and p-chlorophenyl groups, respectively.


(S,S)-paclobutrazol

A 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol in which both stereocentres have S configuration.


(R,R)-paclobutrazol

A 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol in which both stereocentres have R configuration.


A retinoid that is all-trans-retinal carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the cyclohexenyl ring.


A retinoid that is all-trans-retinal carrying an oxo substituent at position 4 on the cyclohexenyl ring.


heparin hexasaccharide

Any hexasaccharide derivative obtained by either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycan heparin.


ACAA

An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-pentylcinnamoyl group. It is a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blocker and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor.


A galactosyl group derived from alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-alpha-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-Gal. The precursor oligosaccharide group for the ABO blood group system.


An alpha-D-galactosyl group derived from alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Gal-yl group. The blood group O (H) antigen from which subsequent sugar additions form blood groups A, B and AB


An alpha-D-galactosyl group derived from alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Gal. Blood group A antigen.


A galactosyl group derived from alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Gal-yl group. Blood group B antigen.


methacetin

A member of the class of acetamides that is paracetamol in which the hydrogen of phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.


A (13)C-modified compound that is methacetin which has (13)C as the predominant isotope of the methoxy carbon. In normal subjects, methacetin is rapidly metabolised in the liver, being dealkylated by hepatic CYP1A2 to give paracetamol (acetaminophen); the methyl of the methoxy group is eliminated as CO2. Administering methacetin-(methoxy-(13)C) to a patient enables the liver (cytochrome P-450 1A2) function to be determined quickly and precisely by measuring the (13)CO2 in the breath (e.g. by isotope-selective non-dispersive infrared spectrometry (NDIRS)).


precursor messenger RNA

An immature or incompletely processed mRNA molecule that needs to be processed before it becomes a fully functional mature mRNA. Pre-mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template in the cell nucleus by transcription and lacks structures that the mRNA requires. First all introns have to be removed from the transcribed RNA through a process known as splicing. Before the RNA is ready for export, a Poly(A)tail is added to the 3' end of the RNA and a 5' cap is added to the 5' end.


(13)C-modified compound

An isotopically modified compound in which the abundance of a (13)C isotope at one or more positions has been increased above that of the naturally occurring level.


isotopically modified compound

Any molecular entity in which the isotopic ratio of nuclides for at least one element deviates measurably from that occurring in nature. The term includes both isotopically substituted compounds (in which essentially all the molecules of the compound have only the indicated nuclide(s) at each designated position) and isotopically labeled compounds (a formal mixture of an isotopically unmodified compound with one or more analogous isotopically substituted compound(s).


tritiated compound

Any isotopically modified compound that has one or more hydrogens replaced by tritium.


(15)N-modified compound

An isotopically modified compound in which the abundance of a (15)N isotope at one or more positions has been increased above that of the naturally occurring level.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxy-3-methylundecanoic acid.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxy-3-methylnonanoic acid.


piperacilloyl-L-lysine

An L-lysine derivative obtained from nucleophilic cleavage of the beta-lactam ring of piperacillin by the epsilon-amino group of the L-lysine molecule.


flucloxacilloyl-L-lysine

An L-lysine derivative obtained from nucleophilic cleavage of the beta-lactam ring of flucloxacillin by the epsilon-amino group of the L-lysine molecule.


amoxicilloyl-L-lysine

An L-lysine derivative obtained from nucleophilic cleavage of the beta-lactam ring of amoxicillin by the epsilon-amino group of the L-lysine molecule.


benzylpenicilloyl-L-lysine

An L-lysine derivative obtained from nucleophilic cleavage of the beta-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) by the epsilon-amino group of the L-lysine molecule.


aztreonyl-L-lysine

An L-lysine derivative obtained from nucleophilic cleavage of the beta-lactam ring of aztreonam by the epsilon-amino group of the L-lysine molecule.


piperacilloyl group

A penicilloyl group formed from nucleophilic cleavage of the beta-lactam ring of piperacillin.


aryl sulfate oxoanion

An organosulfate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the sulfo group of any aryl sulfate. The R group in this structure represents an aromatic ring.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-methylnonanoic acid.


A 2-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA  that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxy-3-methyldodecanoic acid.


heparin decasaccharide

Any decasaccharide derivative obtained by either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycan heparin.


1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid

An oxopurine that is uric acid in which the hydrogens at positions 1,3,7 and 9 are replaced by methyl groups. It is a purine alkaloid that is found in Chinese tea known as kucha (Camellia assamica var. kucha) and exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.


A mannooligosaccharide derivative consisting of a D-mannosyl residue alpha-linked to a 3-aminopropyl group and which carries an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl unit linked (1->3) and an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl unit linked (1->6).


A mannooligosaccharide derivative consisting of a D-mannosyl residue beta-linked to a 3-aminopropyl group and which carries an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl unit linked (1->3) and an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-mannosyl unit linked (1->6).


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-methyldodecanoic acid.


A mannooligosaccharide derivative consisting of a D-mannosyl residue alpha-linked to a 5-aminopentyl group and which carries an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl unit linked (1->3) and an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-alpha-D-mannosyl unit linked (1->6).


A polyprenyl glucosyl phosphate in which an alpha-D-galactosyl residue is linked to a undecaprenyl group via a diphospho group.


phytocassane

Any member of a group of tricyclic diterpenoids isolated from Magneporthe grisea-infected rice leaves or Rhizoctonia solani-infected rice stems. They were initially identified as cassane diterpenoids, but were subsequently found to have the enantiomeric (ent-cassane) configuration.


A CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose in which the anomeric centre of the deoxyglucose fragment has alpha-configuration.


An N-acyl-O-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-L-serine obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the amino group of 1-octadecanoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine.


An acylglycerophosphoserine obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the amino group of any 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine


An N-acyl-O-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-L-serine obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the amino group of 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine


N-acyllysophosphatidyl-L-serine

An acylglycerophosphoserine obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the amino group of any lysophosphatidyl-L-serine.


A glycerophosphoethanolamine obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the amino group of 1-[(1Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.


carbamate

Any ester of carbamic acid or its N-substituted derivatives.


An amino oligosaccharide that is a branched undecasaccharide derivative consisting of a heptasaccharide chain of alpha-sialyl, beta-D-galactose, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine, alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-mannose, and two N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residues linked sequentially (2->3), (1->4), (1->2), (1->3), (1->4) and (1->4), to the beta-D-mannose residue of which is (1->6)-linked a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-mannosyl tetrasaccharide branch and to the reducing end N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residue of which is (1->6)-linked an alpha-L-fucose residue. When it is the N-glycan content of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha blocker cetuximab, the terminal Neu5Ac residue may be replaced by Neu5Gc, while the fucose residue may be absent. When it is the N-glycan content of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha blocker infliximab, the terminal Neu5Ac residue may be replaced by Neu5Gc, while one or both of the fucose and terminal galactose residues may be absent.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in which the 1- and 2-acyl substituent are specified as oleoyl and (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl respectively; major species at pH 7.3.


beta-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

A D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


An amino oligosaccharide that is a branched pentadecasaccharide derivative comprising N-glycoloylneuraminic acid, D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-mannoseD residues linked as shown. It constitutes the N-glycan moiety in bovine thyroglobulin.


inositol C20 phosphophytoceramide

An inositol phosphoceramide in which a D-myo-inositol residue is linked via a phosphodiester bridge to a C20 phytoceramide moiety.


4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-ferulic acid

A methoxyycinnamic acid that is ferulic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group at position 4 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide having an acyl group attached to the ceramide nitrogen and hydroxylation at C4 of the C20 sphingoid base.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide in which the sphingoid moiety is specified as C20 dihydroceramide.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide in which the sphingoid moiety is specified as dihydroceramide.


An amino oligosaccharide that is a branched dodecasaccharide derivative comprising N-acetylneuraminic acid, D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-mannoseD residues linked as shown. It constitutes the N-glycan moiety in human thyroglobulin.


example 15 [WO2015079413]

A flavanone glycoside that is eriodictyol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is an Nrf2 activator and provides protection against cisplatin-induced toxicity.


nitroso-dapsone

A sulfone that is a metabolite of dapsone in which one of the amino groups of dapsone has been oxidized to a nitroso group.


A chromenol that is 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran carrying four additional hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7.


A chromenol that is 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran carrying four additional hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7.


MONO-N-ACETYL DAPSONE

A secondary carboxamide resulting from acetylation of one of the amino groups of dapsone.


acedapsone

A sulfone that is dapsone in which both of the amino groups been acetylation. An antimicrobial drug, it also has antimalarial activity.