vulvar syringoma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from eccrine ducts in the vulva and is characterized by the presence of tubules and cysts which are lined by epithelial cells in the densely fibrotic dermis.


syringoma

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A benign sweat gland neoplasm usually affecting the lower eyelids and upper cheeks. The lesions are papular and are usually numerous. Morphologically, there are nests, cords, and tubules of epithelial cells present, surrounded by a dense stroma in the reticular dermis.


vulvar angiokeratoma

description: An uncommon benign lesion in the vulva. It manifests with multiple papular lesions which are purple in color. They are usually asymptomatic. Histologically, there is hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, and dilated blood vessels in the papillary dermis.


Bartholin gland benign neoplasm

description: A benign neoplasm that affects the Bartholin gland. Representative examples include adenoma, adenomyoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.


vestibular papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of a delicate fibrovascular stalk lined by squamous epithelium. There is no evidence of epithelial atypia.


vulvar squamous neoplasm

description: A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the vulva. Representative examples include vestibular papilloma, intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma.


minor vestibular glands adenoma

description: A rare, benign neoplasm that arises from the vulva It is characterized by the presence of clusters of small glands lined by mucinous epithelial cells. Bartholin duct structures are not present.


vulvar glandular neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the vulva and is composed of glandular epithelial cells. Representative examples include adenoma of the minor vestibular glands, Bartholin gland adenoma, and Bartholin gland adenocarcinoma.


benign mixed tumor of the vulva

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of epithelial cells forming nests and tubules in a fibrotic stroma. It may recur locally and complete excision is recommended.


eccrine mixed tumor of skin

description: A rare, benign, slow-growing and painless neoplasm of sweat glands. It usually arises in the head and neck. It is characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal chondroid stroma, fibrosis, and epithelial structures.


vulvar trichoepithelioma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of nests of monomorphic basaloid cells forming small cysts that contain keratin.


constipation disorder

description: Irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels.


transient arthritis

description: Arthritis that is not permanent.


vulvar melanoma

description: A usually pigmented, nodular or polypoid malignant neoplasm that originates from melanocytes and arises from the vulva. It presents with bleeding and dysuria.


sweat gland cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the sweat glands.


vulval Paget disease

description: An uncommon intraepithelial malignant neoplasm of eccrine or apocrine origin, arising from the vulva. It usually affects post-menopausal women. In approximately 10-20% of the cases there is an associated anorectal, or urothelial carcinoma or a skin appendage adenocarcinoma identified. It presents as a red, eczematous lesion. Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of the typical Paget cells which are large, round cells with abundant cytoplasm and prominent nuclei.


heel spur

description: A bony outgrowth on the lower surface of the calcaneus. Though often presenting along with plantar fasciitis (fasciitis, plantar), they are not considered causally related.


B cell deficiency

description: A broad classification of disorders where circulating numbers of B lymphocytes are decreased or ineffective. Complement components and the production of antibodies may also be deficient.


pneumonic tularemia

description: A tularemia that is located in lungs. The bacteria are transmitted by breathing dusts or aerosols containing the organisms. The infection has symptom cough, has symptom chest has symptom pain, and has symptom difficulty breathing.


brain germinoma

description: A germinoma (disease) that involves the brain.


brain sarcoma

description: A sarcoma arising from the brain.


central nervous system sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that arises from the central nervous system.


temporal lobe cancer

description: A cancer that involves the temporal lobe.


paraurethral gland neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the paraurethral gland.


urethral urothelial papilloma

description: Papilloma's are benign epithelial neoplasms that produce visible warty projections from epithelial surfaces. Papilloma's of the urethra typically occur just within or on the external meatus. - 2003


urethra leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the urethra. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


ovarian malignant mesothelioma

description: A rare malignant mesothelial neoplasm that usually involves both the ovarian surface and the ovarian stroma. In most cases there is bilateral ovarian involvement.


malignant ovarian cyst

description: A cystic cancerous tumor arising from the ovary.


ovarian sarcoma

description: A rare, aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the ovary. The prognosis is poor.


tuberculous oophoritis

description: An urogenital tuberculosis involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the ovary.


ovarian lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that affects the ovary. Lymphomatous involvement of the ovary is rare and in approximately half of the cases both ovaries are affected.


ovarian epithelial tumor

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant tumor that originates from the surface epithelium of the ovary. It is composed of epithelial cells and stroma. Representative examples of benign tumors include serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma, and benign Brenner tumor. Representative examples of borderline tumors include serous surface papillary tumor, mucinous adenofibroma, and borderline Brenner tumor. Representative examples of malignant tumors include serous adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and malignant Brenner tumor.


ovarian Wilms tumor

description: An embryonal neoplasm arising from the ovary with morphologic features resembling Wilms tumor of the kidney. It occurs during the reproductive age and may present as a rapidly growing adnexal mass.


nasal cavity disorder

description: A disease involving the nasal cavity.


enamel caries

description: A dental caries that involves the enamel.


vaginitis

description: A non-infectious or infectious inflammatory process affecting the vagina.


eyelid neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the eyelid. Representative examples include hemangioma, nevus, and carcinoma.


ocular cancer

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the structures of the eye.


carbuncle

description: An infection of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue that consists of a cluster of boils. Commonly, the causative agent is staphylococcus aureus. Carbuncles produce fever, leukocytosis, extreme pain, and prostration.


ascending colon cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the ascending colon.


acute perichondritis of pinna

description: Acute form of perichondritis of auricle.


factor XIII deficiency

description: An acquired or inherited coagulation disorder due to reduced levels and activity of factor XIII.


coagulation protein disease

description: Congenital or acquired deficiency of one of the coagulation factors. It results in bleeding.


hemorrhagic disease

description: Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (blood coagulation disorders) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (hemostatic disorders).


factor VII deficiency

description: A coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of factor VII activity in the blood.


blood platelet disease

description: Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.


perichondritis of auricle

description: An otitis externa involving infection of the tissue surrounding the cartilage of the earlobe (pinna), ear canal, or both. It may be caused by injury, burns, insect bites, ear piercing, or a boil on the ear. The common bacterial causative agent is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Symptoms include redness, pain, fever, swelling of the earlobe and pus accumulation between the cartilage and the layer of connective tissue around it.


factor X deficiency

description: A coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of factor X activity in the blood.


thrombocytosis disease

description: A disease characterized by higher than normal platelet counts in the peripheral blood.


basilar artery insufficiency

description: A syndrome which occurs as a result of the occlusion of the basilar artery. It may be caused by atherosclerosis, embolism or hemorrhage. Clinical signs include dizziness, headache, vomiting, hemiparesis or hemiplegia, dysarthria, dysphagia, blurred vision and loss of consciousness. The clinical course is variable and is dependent upon the extent of the occlusion and the location of the clot along the basilar artery which determines the resultant neurologic impairment. Prognosis is dismal in cases where a complete occlusion occurs with rapid deterioration of neurological function.


hepatitis

description: An active inflammatory process affecting the liver for more than six months. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune disorders, drugs, and metabolic disorders.


granulomatous hepatitis

description: Hepatitis that is characterized by the presence of granulomas.


spondylosis

description: A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the vertebra, the intervertebral disk, and the surrounding soft tissue.


syndromic disease

description: A group of signs, symptoms, and clinicopathological characteristics that may or may not have a genetic basis and collectively define an abnormal condition.


cervix disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the cervix. Representative examples include cervicitis, endocervical polyp, and carcinoma.


ankylosis

description: Fixation and immobility of a joint.


pharyngitis

description: Inflammation of the throat most often caused by viral and bacterial infections. Other causes include allergens, chemical substances, and trauma.


gonadal disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the testis or the ovary.


hidradenitis

description: An inflammatory disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the apocrine sweat gland.


keratopathy

description: Any disorder of the cornea.


capillary lymphangioma

description: A lymphangioma that involves the capillary.


female reproductive system disorder

description: A disease involving the female reproductive system.


stereotypic movement disorder

description: Motor behavior that is repetitive, often seemingly driven, and nonfunctional. This behavior markedly interferes with normal activities or results in severe bodily self-injury. The behavior is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. (dsm-iv, 1994)


malt worker's lung

description: An extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by infection with Aspergillus.


obstructive lung disease

description: Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. airway obstruction may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.


dyspepsia

description: An uncomfortable, often painful feeling in the stomach, resulting from impaired digestion. Symptoms include burning stomach pain, bloating, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Causes include gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pancreatic disease, and gallbladder disease.


gastroenteritis

description: An inflammatory disorder that affects the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Most commonly, this is attributed to viruses; however bacteria, parasites or adverse reactions can also be the culprit. Symptoms include acute diarrhea and vomiting.


viral gastritis

description: Inflammation of the stomach resulting from viral infection.


colon adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the colon


polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia

description: A laboratory test result indicating abnormally high proliferation of gamma globulins in the blood originating from multiple cell lines.


plasma protein metabolism disease

description: An inherited metabolic disorder that involves plasma protein metabolism malfunction.


monoclonal paraproteinemia disease

description: A disease characterized by the presence of excessive amounts of paraprotein or single monoclonal gammaglobulin in the blood. It is usually due to an underlying immunoproliferative disorder or hematologic neoplasms, especially multiple myeloma.


generalized atherosclerosis

description: Atherosclerosis that is not localized.


arteriosclerosis disorder

description: A vascular disorder characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries.


benign colon neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the wall of the colon.


iron metabolism disease

description: Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.


anemia

description: A reduction in the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, and/or the volume of packed red blood cells. Clinically, anemia represents a reduction in the oxygen-transporting capacity of a designated volume of blood, resulting from an imbalance between blood loss (through hemorrhage or hemolysis) and blood production. Signs and symptoms of anemia may include pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, shortness of breath, palpitations of the heart, soft systolic murmurs, lethargy, and fatigability.


macrocytic anemia

description: Anemia that is characterized by increased red blood cell volume.


West Nile fever

description: A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the west nile virus, a flavivirus and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include headache; fever; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. meningitis; encephalitis; and myelitis may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)


neuroaxonal dystrophy

description: A nonspecific term referring both to the pathologic finding of swelling of distal portions of axons in the brain and to disorders which feature this finding. Neuroaxonal dystrophy is seen in various genetic diseases, vitamin deficiencies, and aging. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by arrested psychomotor development at 6 months to 2 years of age, ataxia, brain stem dysfunction, and quadriparesis. Juvenile and adult forms also occur. Pathologic findings include brain atrophy and widespread accumulation of axonal spheroids throughout the neuroaxis, peripheral nerves, and dental pulp. (From Davis & Robertson, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p927)


pupil disorder

description: A disease involving the pupil.


renal artery disease

description: A disease involving the renal artery.


glandular cystitis

description: A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the bladder. It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the bladder wall. The cysts are lined by metaplastic glandular cells.


iris disorder

description: A disease involving the iris.


clitoris cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the clitoris.


cutaneous granular cell tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that involves the zone of skin.


cutaneous ganglioneuroma

description: A ganglioneuroma arising from the skin.


skin glomus tumor

description: A glomus tumor arising from the skin. It usually presents as a small red-blue nodule and it often associated with pain at the site.


epidermal appendage tumor

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or sweat glands.


cutaneous glomangioma

description: A glomus tumor arising from the skin. It is characterized by the presence of dilated veins surrounded by glomus cells.


glomangioma

description: A morphologic variant of the glomus tumor characterized by the presence of dilated veins, surrounded by small clusters of glomus cells. Glomangiomas are most often present in patients with multiple lesions.


dermis tumor

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the dermis.


frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the mucosal epithelial surface of the frontal sinus. Patients may present with nasal fullness, obstruction, and/or epistaxis.


central retinal vein occlusion

description: Blockage of the central retinal vein.


protein S deficiency

description: Protein S deficiency is a disorder that causes abnormal blood clotting. When someone bleeds, the blood begins a complicated series of rapid chemical reactions involving proteins called blood coagulation factors to stop the bleeding. Other proteins in the blood, such as protein S, usually regulate these chemical reactions to prevent excessive clotting. When protein S is missing (deficient), clotting may not be regulatednormally and affected individuals have an increased risk of forming a blood clot called a thrombosis. People at risk to haveprotein S deficiency are those with an individual or family history of multiple blood clots in the veins. Treatment may include taking medication known as blood thinners to decrease the chance of developing a blood clot.


thrombophilia

description: A condition characterized by an abnormally high level of thrombi. Causes include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bone marrow disorders, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.


angular blepharoconjunctivitis

description: A blepharoconjunctivitis that is characterized by fissuring, scaling, maceration and erythema of the lateral or medial canthal area.


blepharoconjunctivitis

description: Inflammation of both the eyelids and the conjunctiva.


giant papillary conjunctivitis

description: Conjunctivitis that is associated with contact lens wear, and which is characterized by giant papillae in the tarsal conjunctiva.


papillary conjunctivitis

description: Conjunctivitis that is characterized by the formation of papillae on the palpebral conjunctiva.


retinal vascular disorder

description: Retinal damage resulting from diminished blood flow/oxygenation due to abnormalities of the retinal vessels. Causes include hypertension, diabetes, thrombosis, embolism, and hemorrhage.


opportunistic mycosis

description: A mycosis that arises from infection in an immunologically compromised host.


vernal conjunctivitis

description: Inflammation of the cornea that is seasonal in nature.


chronic conjunctivitis

description: Conjunctivitis that is persistent and long-standing.


motor peripheral neuropathy

description: Inflammation or degeneration of the peripheral motor nerves.


central nervous system origin vertigo

description: An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (ear, inner); vestibular nerve; brainstem; or cerebral cortex. Lesions in the temporal lobe and parietal lobe may be associated with focal seizures that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)


trachea leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the trachea. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


phosphorus metabolism disease

description: A metabolic disorder that affects the phosphate homeostasis.


congenital nervous system disorder

description: An abnormality of the nervous system that is present at birth or detected in the neonatal period.


sensory peripheral neuropathy

description: Inflammation or degeneration of the sensory nerves.


angiodysplasia

description: Acquired degenerative dilation or expansion (ectasia) of normal blood vessels, often associated with aging. They are isolated, tortuous, thin-walled vessels and sources of bleeding. They occur most often in mucosal capillaries of the gastrointestinal tract leading to gastrointestinal hemorrhage and anemia.


cherry hemangioma

description: A capillary hemangioma of the skin, presenting as a red papular lesion.


tooth erosion, non-bacterial

description: Progressive loss of tooth tissue by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)


intracranial cavernous angioma

description: A cavernous hemangioma arising from the brain and meninges.


intracranial hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the brain and meninges.


testicular disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the testis. Representative examples include torsion, infarction, germ cell tumor, sex cord-stromal tumor, lymphoma, and leukemia.


alcoholic psychosis

description: A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.


nephrosis

description: Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.


splenic disorder

description: A disease involving the spleen.


splenic abscess

description: An abscess that is located in the spleen.


name: hematopoietic and lymphoid system neoplasm

description: Neoplasms of the hematopoietic system, including hematopoietic cell neoplasms (e.g. leukemias, lymphomas) and non-hematopoietic cell neoplasms that can affect the hematopoietic system (e.g. lymph node and splenic sarcomas). --2003


intra-abdominal hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from organs within the abdominal cavity.


extratemporal epilepsy

description: An epilepsy syndrome that is located in an area of the brain other than the temporal lobe.


granulomatous angiitis

description: Inflammation of the arteries that is characterized by the presence of granulomas.


chondromalacia

description: Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (cartilage).


splenic hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the spleen.


cervicitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammatory process that affects the cervix. Causes include sexually transmitted diseases and bacterial infections. Clinical manifestations include abnormal vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge.


barbiturate dependence

description: A drug dependence that involves the continued use of barbiturates despite problems related to use of the substance.


familial nephrotic syndrome

description: An instance of nephrotic syndrome that is caused by an inherited modification of the individual's genome.


glottis cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the glottic area of the larynx. The vast majority of cases represent squamous cell carcinomas.


larynx cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the larynx. The majority are carcinomas.


glottis neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the glottic area of the larynx.


benign laryngeal neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the larynx. Representative examples include squamous papilloma and hemangioma.


glottis carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the glottis.


pancreas disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pancreas. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include pancreatitis and pancreatic insufficiency. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include cystadenomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, and neuroendocrine neoplasms.


hepatic flexure cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the hepatic flexure of colon.


laryngeal carcinoma

description: Carcinoma that arises from the laryngeal epithelium. More than 90% of laryngeal carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas. The remainder are adenoid cystic carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas and carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation.


periosteal chondroma

description: A benign neoplasm of bone surface composed of hyaline cartilage. It arises beneath the periosteum and is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


chondroma

description: A benign well circumscribed neoplasm of hyaline cartilage arising from bone or soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes.


transverse colon cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the transverse colon.


serous surface papilloma

description: A non-invasive papillary serous epithelial neoplasm usually arising from the ovary.


papilloma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm that projects above the surrounding epithelial surface and consists of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma.


kidney hemangiopericytoma

description: A hemangiopericytoma arising from the kidney.


autonomic nervous system neoplasm

description: Benign and malignant neoplasms which arise from or directly involve the central or peripheral elements of the autonomic nervous system.


kidney cancer

description: Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the kidney.


papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma

description: A malignant cystic serous epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells forming papillary structures. Stromal invasion is present.


cystadenoma

description: A benign or borderline cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium. The epithelial cells line the cystic spaces which contain serous or mucinous fluid. Representative examples include ovarian and pancreatic cystadenomas.


ovarian Brenner tumor

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant transitional cell neoplasm arising from the ovary. It constitutes between 1% and 2% of all ovarian neoplasms. The average age at presentation is about 50 years. Grossly it is usually unilateral, firm and white or yellowish. Microscopically it consists of solid and cystic nests of epithelial cells resembling transitional epithelium surrounded by an abundant stromal component of dense, fibroblastic nature.


breast pericanalicular fibroadenoma

description: A morphologic variant of breast fibroadenoma without clinical significance. It is characterized by circumferential proliferation of stromal cells around the ducts. This results in the formation of rounded ductal-epithelial structures.


name: ovarian monodermal and highly specialized teratoma

description: A teratoma of the ovary composed exclusively or predominantly of a single type of tissue derived from the ectoderm or endoderm. A representative example is struma ovarii which is a teratoma composed exclusively or predominantly of thyroid tissue.


benign mesothelioma

description: A benign proliferative neoplasm made up of epithelial and mesenchymal cells of the mesothelium which make up part of the serosal covering and lining of various organ surfaces within the body.


sebaceous adenoma

description: A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm arising from the sebaceous glands. It usually presents as a small yellowish tumor in the sun exposed skin of head and neck. It is characterized by the presence of sebaceous cells aggregates with a peripheral rim of basaloid cells.


spleen angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the spleen.


breast intracanalicular fibroadenoma

description: A morphologic variant of breast fibroadenoma without clinical significance. It is characterized by distortion and compression of the ducts by proliferating stromal cells.


dermoid cyst

description: A mature teratoma characterized by the presence of a cyst which is lined by mature tissue resembling the epidermis and the epidermal appendages. It occurs in the ovary, testis, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system and skin.


myoepithelial tumor

description: A benign or malignant tumor characterized by the presence of cells that show myoepithelial differentiation. Based on its morphologic features, it is classified as benign or malignant. A representative example of benign myoepithelioma is benign salivary gland myoepithelioma. Representative examples of malignant myoepithelioma or myoepithelial carcinoma are malignant breast myoepithelioma and salivary gland myoepithelial carcinoma.


sweat gland neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the sweat glands.


benign mesenchymoma

description: A term describing a benign soft tissue tumor which consists of two or more mesenchymal lines of differentiation, excluding a fibroblastic line of differentiation.


Pacinian tumor

description: A neurofibroma characterized by the presence of structures which resemble Vater-Pacini corpuscles.


benign cystic nephroma

description: A benign encapsulated neoplasm of the kidney, characterized by the presence of cysts separated by septa. There are no solid areas present. The septa are lined by one layer of epithelial cells that have eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm. The cystic spaces contain serous or hemorrhagic fluid.


name: mixed epithelial stromal tumor of the kidney

description: A rare, usually benign neoplasm that arises from the kidney. It usually affects females. It is characterized by the presence of a biphasic pattern with tubular and cystic structures in a spindle cell stroma. Patients usually present with flank pain and hematuria.


liver angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the liver.


intracystic papillary adenoma

description: A papillary epithelial neoplasm arising in a cystically dilated breast duct.


renal adenoma

description: An adenoma arising from the renal cortex.


nephrogenic adenofibroma

description: A benign, solitary, and partially cystic neoplasm arising from the kidney. It occurs in children and adults. Presenting symptoms include hematuria and polycythemia. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial nodules embedded in a stroma containing spindle cells.


liver sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the liver. Representative examples include angiosarcoma, undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


mucinous adenofibroma

description: A benign adenofibroma characterized by the presence of epithelial cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin and a fibrotic stroma. A representative example is the ovarian mucinous adenofibroma. Cases with epithelial atypia described in the ovary lacking stromal invasion are designated as borderline mucinous adenofibromas and have a low grade malignant potential.


name: tenosynovial giant cell tumor, localized type

description: A well-circumscribed, lobulated tumor, completely or partially covered by a fibrous capsule. It usually arises in the fingers. It is characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, foam cells, and an inflammatory infiltrate. The tumor is slow-growing, usually developing over several years. Clinical presentation includes painless edema of the affected site.


synovitis

description: Inflammation of a synovial membrane.


malignant tenosynovial giant cell tumor

description: An uncommon malignant tumor arising from the tendon sheath. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of a cellular infiltrate reminiscent of a giant cell tumor with prominent malignant characteristics. Recurrent giant cell tumors with a sarcomatous dedifferentiation are included in this category as well.


malignant giant cell tumor

description: A malignant neoplasm characterized by then presence of atypical giant cells.


synovium cancer

description: A cancer that involves the layer of synovial tissue.


liver hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the liver.


hepatic vascular disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic vascular disorder that affects the liver. Representative examples include veno-occlusive disease, hemangioma, lymphangioma, and angiosarcoma.


dermatitis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the skin. Signs include red rash, itching, and blister formation. Representative examples are contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis.


capillary hemangioma

description: A common hemangioma characterized by the presence of capillary-sized vascular channels without prominent epithelioid endothelial cells.


hereditary hyperbilirubinemia

description: An inherited disorder affecting the metabolism of bilirubin. It results in increased levels of bilirubin in the blood. Representative examples of this condition include Gilbert syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndrome.


auditory system disorder

description: A disease involving the auditory system.


pyeloureteritis cystica

description: A non-neoplastic lesion of the ureter characterized by the presence of multiple submucosal small cysts in the ureteral wall.  It is caused by inflammation due to urinary tract stones or infection.


narcissistic personality disorder

description: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of grandiose beliefs and arrogant behavior together with an overwhelming need for admiration and a lack of empathy for (and even exploitation of) others.


disorder of glycogen metabolism

description: An inherited metabolic disorder characterized either by defects in glycogen synthesis or defects in the breaking down of glycogen. It results either in the creation of abnormal forms of glycogen or accumulation of glycogen in the tissues.


glycogen storage disease I

description: Glycogenosis due to glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) deficiency or glycogen storage disease, (GSD), type 1, is a group of inherited metabolic diseases, including types a and b, and characterized by poor tolerance to fasting, growth retardation and hepatomegaly resulting from accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver.


gastric hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the stomach.


bone carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that involves the bone element.


ethmoid sinus squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the mucosal epithelial surface of the ethmoid sinus. Patients may present with nasal fullness, obstruction, and/or epistaxis.


ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the epithelial cell


transient tic disorder

description: A neurological disorder presenting in childhood that is characterized by motor and/or phonic tics that occur daily or nearly daily for one to twelve months and are not attributed to an identifiable cause.


tic disorder

description: Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition. (From DSM-IV, 1994)


adamantinoma

description: A low grade malignant neoplasm arising from the long bones. The tibia is the most frequently affected bone site. Patients present with swelling which may or may not be associated with pain. Morphologically, it is characterized by a biphasic pattern consisting of an epithelial and an osteofibrous component. The vast majority of cases recur if they are not treated with radical surgery. In a minority of cases the tumor may metastasize to other anatomic sites including lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, and skeleton.


rectosigmoid junction neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the rectosigmoid region. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Rectosigmoid adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.


rectosigmoid carcinoma

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectosigmoid area and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas. About 50% of colorectal carcinomas occur in the rectosigmoid area.


rectosigmoid junction cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the rectosigmoid area. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.


lung sarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the lung. Representative examples include Kaposi sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma.


cerebellar disorder

description: Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, gait ataxia, and muscle hypotonia.


protozoa infectious disease

description: An infection that is caused by protozoans.


idiopathic interstitial pneumonia

description: A class of diffuse lung diseases that typically affect the pulmonary interstitium, although some also have a component affecting the airways (for instance, Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis).


malignant neoplasm of acoustic nerve

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the vestibulocochlear nerve.


malignant cranial nerve neoplasm

description: Abnormal malignant growth of the cells that comprise the cranial nerve.


oculomotor nerve cancer

description: A cancer involving a oculomotor nerve.


oculomotor nerve neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a oculomotor nerve.


nasal disorder

description: A disease involving the nose.


dehydration polycythemia

description: Polycythemia resulting from dehydration.


acquired polycythemia

description: An instance of polycythemia that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


erythropoietin polycythemia

description: Polycythemia that is caused by excess erythropoietin.


Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome

description: An autosomal recessive inherited syndrome caused by mutations in the KCNE1 and KCNQ1 genes. It is characterized by congenital hearing loss and arrhythmia. It is a form of long QT syndrome.


long QT syndrome

description: A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (syncope) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are Romano-Ward syndrome (also known as long QT syndrome 1) and Jervell-Lange Nielsen syndrome.


bruxism

description: Excessive clenching of the jaw and grinding of the teeth.


melancholia

description: A subtype of depression characterized by the inability to find pleasure in positive things combined with physical agitation, insomnia, or decreased appetite.


endometrial carcinoma

description: A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium that lines the cavity of the uterine body. The vast majority of endometrial carcinomas are adenocarcinomas; squamous cell and adenosquamous carcinomas represent a minority of the cases. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most frequently seen variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Uterine bleeding is an initial clinical sign. The prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor, the depth of myometrial wall invasion, and the degree of differentiation.


laryngeal sarcoma

description: A rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


prostatic adenoma

description: Focal benign glandular hyperplasia in the prostate gland.


benign prostate phyllodes tumor

description: A rare benign neoplasm that arises from the prostate gland and is characterized by the presence of hyperplastic glands and stroma that contains spindle-shaped cells.


prostate leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the prostate. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


retrocochlear disease

description: Pathological processes involving the vestibulocochlear nerve; brainstem; or central nervous system. When hearing loss is due to retrocochlear pathology, it is called retrocochlear hearing loss.


exocervical carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the squamous epithelium of the exocervix.


Treacher-Collins syndrome

description: A congenital disorder of craniofacial development characterized by bilateral symmetrical oto-mandibular dysplasia without abnormalities of the extremities, and associated with several head and neck defects.


type IV hypersensitivity disease

description: A disease that has its basis in the disruption of type IV hypersensitivity.


lacrimal system cancer

description: A cancer that involves the lacrimal apparatus.


description: Inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by deposits at the intraglomerular mesangium, resulting in thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, activation of complement, and impaired kidney function secondary to damaged glomeruli.


glomerulonephritis

description: A renal disorder characterized by damage in the glomeruli. It may be acute or chronic, focal or diffuse, and it may lead to renal failure. Causes include autoimmune disorders, infections, diabetes, and malignancies.


lacrimal gland carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the lacrimal gland.


lacrimal gland cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the lacrimal gland.


bronchiolitis

description: Inflammation of the bronchioles characterized by swelling of the bronchioles and mucus accumulation. It is usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus and affects children. Signs and symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.


eye carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the eye


inner ear disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the inner ear. Causes are inner ear infections, head injuries, and neoplasms (e.g., acoustic schwannoma). Symptoms include dizziness, imbalance, nausea, and vision problems.


name: lacrimal gland carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

description: A carcinoma arising in a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma in the lacrimal gland.


photosensitive trichothiodystrophy

description: A trichothiodystrophy that is photosensitive, and caused by defects in the NER pathway


bursitis

description: Inflammation or irritation of a synovial bursa, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin.


carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

description: A carcinoma arising in a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma. It most often occurs in the parotid gland and less often in the submandibular gland and minor salivary gland. Patients usually present with a history of a long-standing mass which recently had undergone rapid growth. The prognosis depends on the invasiveness of the malignant component. Patients with non-invasive or minimally invasive tumors usually have a good prognosis following surgical resection. Invasive tumors are usually aggressive and are associated with recurrences and metastases.


cystic kidney disease

description: A congenital or acquired kidney disorder characterized by the presence of renal cysts.


primary hyperoxaluria

description: A hereditary disorder characterized by excessive oxalate production, leading to hyperoxaluria.


lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the lacrimal gland


anuria

description: Absence of urine output.


prostate neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the prostate gland. This category includes carcinoid tumors and small cell carcinomas.


mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumor

description: A biphasic neoplasm that arises from the ovary or the testis. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic germ cells and neoplastic sex cord-stromal cells. It includes the gonadoblastoma and mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor, unclassifiable.


Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

description: A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor consists of leydig cells; sertoli cells; and fibroblasts in varying proportions and degree of differentiation. Most such tumors produce androgens in the Leydig cells, formerly known as androblastoma or arrhenoblastoma. Androblastomas occur in the testis or the ovary causing precocious masculinization in the males, and defeminization, or virilization (virilism) in the females. In some cases, the Sertoli cells produce estrogens.


endometrioid tumor

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the female reproductive system characterized by the presence of glands and/or cysts lined by neoplastic cells that resemble endometrial cells.


ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: An epithelial neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ovary. It includes carcinoid tumor, small cell carcinoma pulmonary type, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


nipple neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises in the area of the nipple.


breast myoepithelial tumor

description: A benign or malignant tumor that arises from the breast and originates from or is composed of myoepithelial cells. Representative examples include adenomyoepithelioma, myoepitheliosis, and malignant myoepithelioma.


breast neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the breast and is composed of cells of neuroendocrine origin. Most cases are neuroendocrine carcinomas. Primary carcinoid tumors of the breast are very rare.


lobular neoplasia

description: A spectrum of non-invasive neoplastic lesions that arise from the terminal ductal lobular units of the breast. There is atypical small epithelial cell proliferation. Pagetoid involvement of the terminal ducts may or may not be present. In the minority of cases, there is a risk for subsequent development of invasive ductal or invasive lobular carcinoma.


breast granular cell tumor

description: A usually benign neoplasm that arises from the breast. It presents as a single, firm, and painless mass. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm.


intraductal breast neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises anywhere in the ductal system of the breast. This category includes intraductal papilloma, intraductal papillary carcinoma, ductal hyperplasia with or without atypia, and ductal carcinoma in situ.


malignant breast phyllodes tumor

description: A phyllodes tumor of the breast characterized by infiltrative margins and a sarcomatous stromal component. The sarcomatous stroma usually displays features of fibrosarcoma. Liposarcomatous, osteosarcomatous, or rhabdomyosarcomatous elements may also be present.


breast sarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the breast. Representative examples include angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and extraskeletal osteosarcoma.


substance abuse

description: The use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed.


acute kidney failure

description: Sudden and sustained deterioration of the kidney function characterized by decreased glomerular filtration rate, increased serum creatinine or oliguria.


prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland composed of secretory cells. It is the most common histologic type of prostate adenocarcinoma. Several morphologic variants exist, including atrophic, pseudohyperplastic, foamy gland, and oncocytic variants.


substance-related disorder

description: A category of psychiatric disorders which include disorders related to the taking of a drug of abuse (including alcohol, prescribed medications and recreational drugs).


colon signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells which contain prominent intracytoplasmic mucin (signet ring cells). The signet ring cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cells.


name: submucosal invasive colon adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma of the colon that has invaded into the submucosa.


brain glioblastoma

description: A WHO grade IV malignant astrocytic tumor that arises from the brain, usually the cerebral hemispheres. It is characterized by the presence of poorly differentiated astrocytes, cellular polymorphism, nuclear atypia, and increased mitotic activity. The prognosis is poor.


adult astrocytic tumor

description: An astrocytic tumor occurring during adulthood. Representative examples include diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma.


childhood astrocytic tumor

description: An astrocytic tumor appearing before the age of twenty one without designation of benign or malignant nor designated location.


gingival overgrowth

description: Excessive growth of the gingiva either by an increase in the size of the constituent cells (gingival hypertrophy) or by an increase in their number (gingival hyperplasia). (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p574)


gingivitis

description: A disorder involving inflammation of the gums; may affect surrounding and supporting structures of the teeth.


non-specific granulomatous orchitis

description: Granulomatous inflammation of the testis. It is characterized by the formation of granulomas around the seminiferous tubules. History of trauma may be present. It is assumed to be a reactive process due to autoimmune phenomena.


papillary adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of adenocarcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern. Representative examples include thyroid gland papillary carcinoma, invasive papillary breast carcinoma, and ovarian serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma.


kidney benign neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the kidney. Representative examples include cystic nephroma, metanephric adenoma, oncocytoma, and urothelial papilloma of the renal pelvis.


hepatobiliary neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include hepatocellular adenoma, bile duct adenoma, and gallbladder lipoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma.


hepatobiliary disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma.


digestive system cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving any part of the digestive system.


gallbladder papillary neoplasm

description: A non-invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the gallbladder. Intraepithelial neoplasia is present.


anus disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anal canal or anal margin. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hemorrhoids and anal ulcer. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma.


hepatic porphyria

description: A group of metabolic diseases due to deficiency of one of a number of liver enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of heme. They are characterized by the accumulation and increased excretion of porphyrins or its precursors. Clinical features include neurological symptoms (porphyria, acute intermittent), cutaneous lesions due to photosensitivity (porphyria cutanea tarda), or both (hereditary coproporphyria). Hepatic porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic tissues.


tenosynovial giant cell tumor

description: A tumor usually arising in the synovium of joints, bursa or tendon sheath. It is characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, foam cells, and an inflammatory infiltrate. According to the growth pattern, it is classified as localized or diffuse.


cutaneous mucinosis

description: The mucinoses are a diverse group of disorders which have in common the deposition of basophilic, finely granular and stringy material (mucin) in the connective tissues of the dermis (dermal mucinoses), in the pilosebaceous follicles (follicular mucinoses), or in the epidermis and tumors derived therefrom (epithelial mucinoses).


inherited lipid metabolism disorder

description: An inherited metabolic disorder caused by an enzyme deficiency, resulting in an inability to oxidize fatty acids for energy production.


name: dermal unilateral segmental cavernous angioma


keratoacanthoma

description: A dome-shaped, rapidly growing skin lesion composed of well differentiated squamous cells. It represents a proliferation of the infundibular epithelium of the hair follicle and its morphologic distinction from a well differentiated carcinoma may be difficult or impossible. Keratoacanthomas affect males more frequently than females and the majority tend to regress spontaneously. It has been suggested that keratoacanthoma represents a distinct subtype of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.


synovium neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant soft tissue neoplasm arising exclusively from the synovial membrane. Examples include the diffuse giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, localized giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, and malignant giant cell tumor of tendon sheath.


skin squamous cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma arising from the squamous cells of the epidermis. Skin squamous cell carcinoma is most commonly found on sun-exposed areas. The majority of the tumors are well-differentiated.


skin neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant tumor involving the skin. Representative examples of benign skin neoplasms include the benign melanocytic skin nevus, acanthoma, sebaceous adenoma, sweat gland adenoma, lipoma, hemangioma, fibroma, and benign fibrous histiocytoma. Representative examples of malignant skin neoplasms include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Kaposi sarcoma.


squamous cell neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that is composed of squamous epithelial cells. Squamous cell carcinoma is a representative example.


papillary adenoma

description: An adenoma characterized by the presence of papillary epithelial patterns.


fallopian tube papilloma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of fibrovascular stalks lined by serous epithelial cells.


verrucous papilloma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a papillary growth pattern, lack of significant cytologic atypia, and a wart-like appearance.


skin papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplastic growth on the skin composed of epithelial cells and a fibrous stalk. It usually develops in the eyelid, axilla, neck, upper chest, and groin.


inverted papilloma

description: An endophytic benign papillary epithelial neoplasm that results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma. Representative examples are the inverted urothelial papilloma that arises from the urinary tract and inverted Schneiderian papilloma that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


childhood oligodendroglioma

description: An oligodendroglioma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


spinal cord oligodendroglioma

description: A oligodendroglioma that involves the spinal cord.


spinal cord glioma

description: A neoplasm that arises from glial cells in the spinal cord. Representative examples include astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and ependymoma.


adult oligodendroglioma

description: An oligodendroglioma occurring during adulthood.


brain oligodendroglioma

description: A oligodendroglioma that involves the brain.


spinal cord disorder

description: A disease involving the spinal cord.


schwannoma

description: A benign, usually encapsulated slow growing tumor composed of Schwann cells. It affects peripheral and cranial nerves. It recurs infrequently and only rare cases associated with malignant transformation have been reported.


nerve sheath neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the perineural cells in the sheaths surrounding the nerves. Representative examples include neurofibroma, schwannoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.


cellular schwannoma

description: A morphologic variant of schwannoma characterized by hypercellularity, Antoni A pattern, and the absence of well-formed Verocay bodies.


schwannoma of twelfth cranial nerve

description: A schwannoma that involves the hypoglossal nerve.


hypoglossal nerve neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a hypoglossal nerve.


c-P angle neurinoma

description: A schwannoma occurring in the cerebellopontine angle.


cerebellopontine angle tumor

description: A neoplasm that affects the cerebellopontine angle. Representative examples include vestibular schwannoma and meningioma.


sympathetic neurilemmoma

description: A benign tumor derived from schwann cells of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, including the sympathetic plexus.


trigeminal schwannoma

description: A schwannoma that involves the trigeminal nerve.


microcystic/reticular schwannoma

description: The rarest histopathologic subtype of Schwannoma. The reported cases have been located in the gastrointestinal submucosa or subcutaneous tissue. Morphologically it is characterized by the presence of a microcyst-rich network of spindle cells with minimal amount of cytoplasm and Antoni A tissue.


melanotic neurilemmoma

description: A rare circumscribed, non-encapsulated and grossly pigmented nerve sheath tumor. It is composed of cells with the immunophenotypic and electron microscopic features of Schwann cells which contain melanosomes and are positive for melanoma markers. It usually involves spinal nerve roots but may occur in other locations. It may be associated with PRKAR1A gene mutation and Carney complex. Malignant behavior has been reported in a significant number of patients.


plexiform schwannoma

description: A schwannoma characterized by a plexiform or multinodular growth pattern. It usually arises from the skin or subcutaneous tissues in the extremities, trunk, and head and neck.


lysosomal storage disease

description: A metabolic disorder caused by mutations in proteins critical for lysosomal function, including lysosomal enzymes, lysosomal integral membrane proteins, and proteins involved in the post-translational modification and trafficking of lysosomal proteins.


demyelinating disease

description: A broad group of disorders that affect the myelin sheaths that cover the neurons. Myelin sheathes cover neuronal axons in the central and peripheral nervous system and function to increase traveling impulse speeds. Disruption of this sheath impairs neuronal transmission and can result in disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome, among others.


jejunal somatostatinoma

description: A somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the jejunum. It is characterized by the presence of tubulo-glandular structures.


jejunal neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the wall of the jejunum. Representative examples include adenoma, carcinoma, and lymphoma.


myelitis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the spinal cord. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune disorders, vascular disorders, and toxic agents. Symptoms include weakness, paresthesia, sensory loss, pain, and incontinence.


tracheal disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the trachea. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include congenital malformations and infection. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoma and lymphoma.


tracheal stenosis

description: Narrowing of the lumen of the trachea.


gastric dilatation

description: Abnormal distention of the stomach due to accumulation of gastric contents that may reach 10 to 15 liters. Gastric dilatation may be the result of gastric outlet obstruction; ileus; gastroparesis; or denervation.


high pressure neurological syndrome

description: A syndrome related to increased atmospheric pressure and characterized by tremors, nausea, dizziness, decreased motor and mental performance, and seizures. This condition may occur in those who dive deeply (c. 1000 ft) usually while breathing a mixture of oxygen and helium. The condition is associated with a neuroexcitatory effect of helium.


primary central nervous system lymphoma

description: A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the brain or spinal cord as a primary lesion. There is no evidence of lymphoma outside the central nervous system at the time of diagnosis.


aspiration pneumonitis

description: Inflammation of the lungs due to the inhalation of solid or liquid material.


prostate embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the prostate. It is characterized by the presence of skeletal muscle exhibiting embryonic features.


name: embryonal extrahepatic bile duct rhabdomyosarcoma

description: An embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


extrahepatic bile duct rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation, arising from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from organs with a mucosal epithelial surface. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules within an abundant myxoid stroma.


orbit embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the orbit. It is characterized by the presence of skeletal muscle tissue exhibiting embryonic features.


orbit rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm with skeletal muscle differentiation that arises from the orbit.


spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma

description: An uncommon variant of rhabdomyosarcoma characterized by the presence of whorls of spindle cells forming a storiform pattern. In children it usually arises in the paratesticular region. In adults it usually arises from the deep soft tissues in the head and neck.


subacute leukemia

description: A leukemia that is in between acute and chronic leukemia and is characterized by a moderate duration or severity.


mucinous ovarian cystadenoma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by mucinous columnar epithelial cells.


name: breast fibrocystic change, proliferative type

description: Breast fibrocystic change characterized by the presence of epithelial cell hyperplasia. Epithelial atypia may be present or absent.


thymus cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the thymus. This category includes malignant thymomas, thymic lymphomas, primary thymic carcinomas, and metastatic carcinomas from other anatomic sites.


encapsulated thymoma

description: A thymoma that is confined within the capsule and may display benign or malignant morphologic characteristics.


thymoma type A

description: A thymic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of spindle and/or oval neoplastic epithelial cells. Lymphocytic infiltration is minimal or absent. It may be associated with myasthenia gravis or pure red cell aplasia. The majority of cases occur in the anterior mediastinum as Masaoka stage I tumors. Approximately 20% of the cases occur as stage II or stage III tumors. Type A thymoma generally behaves as a benign tumor and the overall survival is reported to be 100% at 5 and 10 years.


invasive malignant thymoma

description: A malignant thymoma that extends beyond the capsule and infiltrates the surrounding tissues.


monkeypox

description: An infection that is caused by an Orthopoxvirus, which is transmitted by primates or rodents, and which is characterized by a prodromal syndrome of fever, chills, headache, myalgia, and lymphedema; initial symptoms are followed by a generalized papular rash that typically progresses from vesiculation through crusting over the course of two weeks.


vaccinia

description: The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.


notochordal tumor

description: A bone tumor arising from the remnants of the fetal notochord. This category includes the chordoma and benign notochordal cell tumor.


germinoma

description: A malignant germ cell tumor arising in the central nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of primitive, large malignant germ cells and lymphocytes.


teratocarcinoma

description: A germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of an embryonal carcinoma component and a teratoma component.


teratoma

description: A non-seminomatous germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of various tissues which correspond to the different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). It occurs in the testis, ovary, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system, mediastinum, lung, and stomach. According to the level of differentiation of the tissues which comprise the tumor, teratomas are classified as mature or immature. Mature teratomas are composed of well differentiated, adult-type tissues. Immature teratomas are composed of immature, fetal-type tissues. Testicular teratomas in children follow a benign clinical course. Mature ovarian teratomas without a fetal-type component have an excellent outcome. The prognosis of immature ovarian teratomas is related to the grade and stage of the tumor.


central nervous system disorder

description: A disease involving the central nervous system.


angiomyolipoma

description: A neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation often associated with tuberous sclerosis. It is characterized by a mixture of epithelioid cells, smooth muscle, vessels, and mature adipose tissue. The kidney is the most common site of involvement. Other sites of involvement include the liver, lung, lymph nodes, and retroperitoneum. The vast majority of cases follow a benign clinical course. However, cases of metastatic angiomyolipomas with sarcomatoid features have been described.


pericytic neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the perivascular cells of the connective and soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of pericytes that grow in a circumferential pattern around vessels.


hepatic angiomyolipoma

description: An angiomyolipoma arising from the liver.


epithelioid type angiomyolipoma

description: An angiomyolipoma composed exclusively or predominantly by polygonal epithelioid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, often associated with cytologic atypia.


purpura

description: A small blood vessel hemorrhage into the skin and/or mucous membranes. Newer lesions appear reddish in color. Older lesions are usually a darker purple color and eventually become a brownish-yellow color.


frontal lobe epilepsy

description: A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by seizures which arise in the frontal lobe. A variety of clinical syndromes exist depending on the exact location of the seizure focus. Frontal lobe seizures may be idiopathic (cryptogenic) or caused by an identifiable disease process such as traumatic injuries, neoplasms, or other macroscopic or microscopic lesions of the frontal lobes (symptomatic frontal lobe seizures). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp318-9)


histrionic personality disorder

description: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of excessively intense and superficial emotionality, attention seeking behavior, seductive appearance and speech, self dramatization and/or theatrical behavior.


bone inflammation disease

description: Inflammation of the bone.


xanthomatosis

description: A condition marked by the development of widespread xanthomas, yellow tumor-like structures filled with lipid deposits. Xanthomas can be found in a variety of tissues including the skin; tendons; joints of knees and elbows. Xanthomatosis is associated with disturbance of lipid metabolism and formation of foam cells.


mesenchymal cell neoplasm

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the mesenchyma-derived cells of the soft tissue or bone. Representative examples include lipoma, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma.


bone angiosarcoma

description: A high-grade malignant vascular neoplasm that arises from the bone. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with endothelial differentiation.


name: undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone

description: A rare, high-grade pleomorphic malignant neoplasm arising from the bone. It usually presents with pain which may or may not be associated with swelling in the affected area. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped cells, polygonal or epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and inflammatory cells. The neoplastic cells exhibit nuclear pleomorphism and high mitotic activity. It metastasizes frequently, most often in the lungs.


bone fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the bone. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


localized osteosarcoma

description: A non-disseminated osteosarcoma.


extraosseous osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma arising from the soft tissue.


multifocal osteogenic sarcoma

description: A primary bone osteosarcoma affecting multiple bone sites.


pediatric osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma occurring in childhood.


bone leiomyosarcoma

description: A rare aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the bone. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


Ewing sarcoma of bone

description: A small round cell bone tumor that lacks morphologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic evidence of neuroectodermal differentiation. It represents one of the two ends of the spectrum called Ewing sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor. It often affects the diaphysis or metaphyseal-diaphyseal portion of long bones. Clinical findings include pain and a mass in the involved area. fever, anemia, leukocytosis, and an increased sedimentation rate are often seen. X-ray examination reveals osteolytic lesions. The prognosis depends on the stage, anatomic location, and size of the tumor.


spinal accessory nerve neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a accessory XI nerve spinal component.


chondroblastic osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma characterized by the presence of atypical cartilage of variable cellularity. It may or may not be associated with the presence of myxoid areas or focal bone formation.


peripheral osteosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the surface of the bone.


bone osteosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the bone. It may arise de novo or from a pre-existing lesion of the bone. Pain and a palpable mass are the most frequent clinical sign and symptom. It may spread to other anatomic sites, particularly the lungs.


small cell osteogenic sarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma usually arising from the metaphysis of long bones. It is characterized by the presence of small cells and osteoid production. The prognosis is usually unfavorable.


conventional osteosarcoma

description: A high grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm producing osteoid. The tumor arises from the medullary portion of the bone. It affects the long bones and most commonly, the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. Pain with or without a palpable mass is the most common clinical presentation. It usually has an aggressive growth and may metastasize through the hematogenous route. The lung is the most frequent site of metastasis.


metachronous osteosarcoma of the bone

description: A bone osteosarcoma that has metastasized to skeletal or extraskeletal sites.


cranial nerve neoplasm

description: Abnormal growth of the cells that comprise the cranial nerves.


liposarcoma of bone

description: A very rare malignant adipose tissue neoplasm that arises from the bone.


periodontal disorder

description: An inflammatory process of the gingival tissues and/or periodontal membrane of the teeth, resulting in an abnormally deep gingival sulcus, possibly producing periodontal pockets and loss of alveolar bone support.


accessory nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the accessory XI nerve.


histiocytosis

description: A morphologic finding indicating tissue infiltration by non-neoplastic or neoplastic histiocytes.


glossopharyngeal nerve neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a glossopharyngeal nerve.


glossopharyngeal nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the glossopharyngeal nerve.


optic nerve neoplasm

description: Benign and malignant neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the optic or second cranial nerve which extends from the optic disk of the eye and joins the optic chiasm. Clinical features may include visual loss, proptosis, and local pain. The majority of optic nerve tumors or optic gliomas.


subclavian artery aneurysm

description: A subclavian aneurysm is weakness or bulging in the wall of the subclavian artery, which is located below the collarbone. If the aneurysm ruptures, it can cause life-threatening, uncontrolled bleeding. Blood clots caused by the aneurysm can potentially lead to stroke or loss of fingers, the hand or, in rare cases, the entire arm.


trochlear nerve neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a trochlear nerve.


vestibular disorder

description: Pathological processes of the vestibular labyrinth which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.


cerebritis

description: Inflammation of the cerebrum.


viral laryngitis

description: Acute inflammation of the larynx caused by viruses, including rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus.


laryngitis

description: An acute or chronic, bacterial or viral inflammatory process affecting the larynx. Signs and symptoms include sore throat, cough, swallowing difficulties, and hoarseness.


mammary Paget disease

description: A malignant neoplasm in which there is infiltration of the skin overlying the breast by neoplastic large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli (Paget cells). It is almost always associated with an intraductal or invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The clinical features include focal skin reddening, and eczema. Retraction of the nipple may sometimes occur.


scrotum Paget disease

description: A mammary Paget's disease that involves the scrotum.


scrotal carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the scrotum.


anal Paget disease

description: A slowly spreading, erythematous eczematoid plaque in the anal region. Histologically, the basal part or whole thickness of the squamous epithelium is infiltrated by large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and large nuclei. Half of the cases are associated with an internal malignancy, most often a colorectal adenocarcinoma. The other half of the cases, have a high local recurrence rate and they may become invasive (WHO).


anus adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising in the anal canal epithelium, including the mucosal surface, the anal glands, and the lining of fistulous tracts. The prognosis is related to the stage at diagnosis.


Paget disease of the penis

description: A premalignant condition morphologically characterized by the presence of the characteristic Paget cells in the intraepithelial tissue of the penis. It presents as a smooth raised reddish area that may or may not be painful. -- 2003


uterine disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the uterine corpus or the cervix. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include endometritis and cervicitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include endometrial carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and cervical carcinoma.


cutaneous Paget disease

description: A skin carcinoma that is characterized by infiltration of the skin by neoplastic large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli.


skin carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the zone of skin


breast disorder

description: A disease involving the breast.


iris cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the iris.


uveal cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the choroid, ciliary body, or iris.


blepharochalasis

description: An eyelid disease that is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema, which results in a stretching and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue, leading to the formation of redundant folds over the lid margins.


uveal disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the uvea. Representative examples include uveitis, chorioretinitis, and uveal melanoma.


name: extrahepatic bile duct signet ring cell carcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of signet ring malignant epithelial cells.


extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the extrahepatic bile duct


name: pancreatic signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

description: A rare pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with poor prognosis. It is characterized by the presence of malignant signet ring cells infiltrating the pancreatic parenchyma in an individual cell pattern.


name: gallbladder signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of signet ring malignant epithelial cells.


name: ampullary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of mucin-containing signet-ring cells.


ampulla of vater adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the hepatopancreatic ampulla


signet ring cell breast carcinoma

description: An invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with signet ring appearance.


name: acinar prostate adenocarcinoma, signet ring variant

description: A morphologic variant of acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland characterized by the presence of signet ring malignant cells.


neurofibrosarcoma

description: A malignant tumor that arises from small cutaneous nerves, is locally aggressive, and has a potential for metastasis. Characteristic histopathologic features include proliferating atypical spindle cells with slender wavy and pointed nuclei, hypocellular areas, and areas featuring organized whorls of fibroblastic proliferation. The most common primary sites are the extremities, retroperitoneum, and trunk. These tumors tend to present in childhood, often in association with neurofibromatosis 1. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1662; Mayo Clin Proc 1990 Feb;65(2):164-72)


adult fibrosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of fibroblasts. It is characterized by collagen production and a herringbone architectural pattern. It is more commonly seen in middle-aged and older adults. It usually affects the deep soft tissues of extremities, trunk, head and neck. Adult fibrosarcomas may recur and metastasize to the lungs and bones.


conventional fibrosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of fibroblasts, and characterized by collagen production and usually a herringbone architectural pattern.


pediatric fibrosarcoma

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from the deep soft tissues in children. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


cerebral infarction

description: An ischemic condition of the brain, producing a persistent focal neurological deficit in the area of distribution of the cerebral arteries.


chronic wasting disease

description: A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (prion disease) of deer and elk characterized by chronic weight loss leading to death. It is thought to spread by direct contact between animals or through environmental contamination with the prion protein (prions).


choroid plexus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the choroid plexus


cerebral ventricle cancer

description: A neoplasm that involves a brain ventricle. It may be a primary neoplasm arising from a brain ventricle, a metastasis from a distant anatomic site, or an extension of an invasive neoplasm from an adjacent brain structure.


adult choroid plexus neoplasm

description: A choroid plexus neoplasm that occurs in an adult.


atypical choroid plexus papilloma

description: A choroid plexus papilloma characterized by increased mitotic activity.


childhood choroid plexus carcinoma

description: A choroid plexus carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


superior mesenteric artery syndrome

description: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a digestive condition that occurs when the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) is compressed between two arteries (the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery). This compression causes partial or complete blockage of the duodenum. Symptoms vary based on severity, but can be severely debilitating. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fullness, nausea, vomiting, and/or weight loss. SMAS typically is due toloss of the mesenteric fat pad (fatty tissue that surrounds the superior mesenteric artery). The most common cause is significant weight loss caused by medical disorders, psychological disorders, or surgery. In younger patients, it most commonly occurs after corrective spinal surgery for scoliosis. Delays in diagnosis may result in significant complications. Depending on the cause and severity, treatment options may include addressing the underlying cause, dietary changes (small feedings or a liquid diet), and/or surgery. Symptoms may not resolve completely after treatment.


duodenal obstruction

description: Blockage of the normal flow of stomach contents through the duodenum.


liver cancer

description: An epithelial or non-epithelial malignant neoplasm that arises from the liver. Representative examples include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.


intracranial sinus thrombosis

description: Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in the cranial sinuses, large endothelium-lined venous channels situated within the skull. Intracranial sinuses, also called cranial venous sinuses, include the superior sagittal, cavernous, lateral, petrous sinuses, and many others. Cranial sinus thrombosis can lead to severe headache; seizure; and other neurological defects.


lateral sinus thrombosis

description: Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lateral sinuses. This condition is often associated with ear infections (otitis media or mastoiditis) without antibiotic treatment. In developed nations, lateral sinus thrombosis can result from craniocerebral trauma; brain neoplasms; neurosurgical procedures; thrombophilia; and other conditions. Clinical features include headache; vertigo; and increased intracranial pressure.


cavernous sinus thrombosis

description: Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in the cavernous sinus of the brain. Infections of the paranasal sinuses and adjacent structures, craniocerebral trauma, and thrombophilia are associated conditions. Clinical manifestations include dysfunction of cranial nerves iii, iv, V, and vi, marked periorbital swelling, chemosis, fever, and visual loss. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p711)


sagittal sinus thrombosis

description: Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in the superior sagittal sinus or the inferior sagittal sinus. Sagittal sinus thrombosis can result from infections, hematological disorders, craniocerebral trauma; and neurosurgical procedures. Clinical features are primarily related to the increased intracranial pressure causing headache; nausea; and vomiting. Severe cases can evolve to seizures or coma.


Sertoli cell tumor

description: A sex cord-stromal tumor of the testis or the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of Sertoli cells forming tubules. Leydig cells are rare or absent. It may be associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. In males, the presenting symptom is a slow growing testicular mass. Most cases follow a benign clinical course. In females it may present with estrogenic or androgenic manifestations. The vast majority of cases have a benign clinical course.


ovarian gonadoblastoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is composed of tissues that resemble dysgerminoma or seminoma and are admixed with sex cord tissues. It is found in children or young adults and usually is associated with secondary sex organs abnormalities. The majority of patients present as phenotypic females with virilization. The minority of patients present as phenotypic males with feminization. It typically affects both gonads. If a malignant germ cell component is present, it may metastasize to other anatomic sites.


testicular gonadoblastoma

description: A testicular mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumor. It is usually associated with mixed gonadal dysgenesis and ambiguous genitalia. It is characterized by the presence of nests of large neoplastic germ cells and immature cells that resemble Sertoli cells.


ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

description: An invasive cystic adenocarcinoma arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. The malignant cells invade the ovarian stroma and the cystic spaces contain mucoid material. In a minority of cases both ovaries are involved by the tumor. The prognosis for stage I tumors is excellent. Patients with metastases usually have a poor prognosis.


ovarian cystadenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of cystic structures. It includes the serous cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, and clear cell cystadenocarcinoma.


appendix mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from the appendix, characterized by the presence of mucinous stroma formation and cystic structures.


breast mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

description: An invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of tall columnar neoplastic cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Grossly, cystic changes are identified.


cervix endometriosis

description: Endometriosis that affects the cervix. Most patients are asymptomatic. Some patients may present with recurrent minimal uterine bleeding.


breast mucinous carcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of islands of small and uniform cells, surrounded by large amounts of mucin. Pure mucinous breast carcinomas generally have a favorable prognosis.


retinitis

description: Inflammation of the retina.


infiltrating angiolipoma

description: An uncommon lipoma characterized by prominent vascularity that invades the surrounding deep tissue.


epidural spinal canal angiolipoma

description: An uncommon lipoma characterized by prominent vascularity that arises in the epidural space of the spinal canal.


epidural spinal canal neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic neoplasm that involves the space between the vertebral periosteum and dura mater that surrounds the spinal cord.


central nervous system cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the central nervous system


uterine cancer

description: Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the uterine corpus and/or the cervix.


childhood spinal cord tumor

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the spinal cord during childhood.


central nervous system teratoma

description: A mature or immature teratoma that affects the central nervous system.


conus medullaris neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the conus medullaris.


sella turcica neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that occurs in sella turcica. Representative examples include craniopharyngioma and pituitary gland adenoma.


necrosis of pituitary

description: Ischemic or hemorrhagic necrosis of the pituitary gland.


olfactory nerve neoplasm

description: Benign and malignant neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the olfactory or first cranial nerve. Clinical features may include facial pain and impairments of taste or smell.


mast cell neoplasm

description: A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in one or more organ systems. Recent data suggest that most variants of mast cell neoplasms are clonal disorders. (WHO, 2001)


cutaneous solitary mastocytoma

description: A variant of cutaneous mastocytosis which occurs as a single lesion usually in infants. It is found mostly in the wrist and trunk and there is no atypical cytomorphology.


olfactory nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the olfactory nerve.


rhabdoid tumor

description: An aggressive malignant embryonal neoplasm usually occurring during childhood. It is characterized by the presence of large cells with abundant cytoplasm, large eccentric nucleus, and a prominent nucleolus and it is associated with abnormalities of chromosome 22. It can arise from the central nervous system, kidney, and the soft tissues. The prognosis is poor.


rhabdoid tumor of the kidney

description: A rhabdoid tumor that arises from the kidney. It occurs in children and it is associated with abnormalities of chromosome 22. It is characterized by the presence of cells with a large eccentric nucleus, prominent nucleolus, and abundant cytoplasm. The prognosis is poor.


childhood kidney neoplasm

description: A kidney neoplasm that occurs during childhood.


cerebral hemisphere cancer

description: A cancer that involves the cerebral hemisphere.


lung benign neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the lung parenchyma or the bronchi. Representative examples include lung adenoma, lung hamartoma, and endobronchial lipoma.


anal mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: An anal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of mucoid stroma formation.


anal canal adenocarcinoma

description: An anal adenocarcinoma arising from the anal canal mucosa. Morphologically, it resembles the adenocarcinoma which arises from the colorectal glandular epithelium. Symptoms include anal pruritus, discomfort when sitting, pain, change in bowel habit, and bleeding.


name: ampulla of vater mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma with glandular differentiation arising from the ampulla of Vater. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of mucoid stroma formation.


acute sanguinous otitis media

description: A acute transudative otitis media which involves bloody effusion.


acute transudative otitis media

description: Acute form of non-suppurative otitis media.


name: extrahepatic bile duct mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin that constitutes more than fifty-percent of the tumor.


name: uterine ligament mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: A rare mucinous adenocarcinoma that arises from the uterine ligament.


uterine ligament adenocarcinoma

description: A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the uterine ligament.


cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: A usually well to moderately differentiated cervical adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells that contain significant amount of intracytoplasmic mucin.


fallopian tube mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: An extremely rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin. The cases that have been reported are predominantly in situ mucinous adenocarcinomas.


fallopian tube mucinous tumor

description: A rare borderline or malignant epithelial tumor of the fallopian tube characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin and may resemble the epithelial cells of the endocervix or gastrointestinal tract.


fallopian tube adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the fallopian tube


endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: A primary, usually low grade adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in which the majority of the malignant epithelial cells contain abundant intracytoplasmic mucin.


rectum mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectum characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin. Malignant glandular epithelial cells are present in the mucin collections. Mucin constitutes more than 50% of the lesion.


extracranial neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma arising from an anatomic site other than the brain.


bladder colloid adenocarcinoma

description: A rare primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Histologically it is characterized by malignant cells floating in pools of mucin.


bladder adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the urinary bladder


ovarian adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary. It is the most common type of ovarian carcinoma. It includes the serous adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma.


extramedullary plasmacytoma

description: A plasma cell neoplasm arising at an extraosseous site. There is no involvement of the bone marrow. It most frequently involves the oropharynx, nasopharynx, sinuses, and larynx. Other sites of involvement include the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, breast, skin, lymph nodes, and bladder. A minority of patients have a monoclonal gammopathy. Treatment includes radiation therapy. Progression to plasma cell myeloma occurs in a minority of patients.


solitary osseous plasmacytoma

description: A localized, clonal (malignant) plasma cell infiltrate in the bone, without peripheral blood involvement. The most commonly affected bones are the vertebrae, ribs, skull, pelvis and femur. X-rays examination reveals a solitary lytic lesion.


solitary plasmacytoma of chest wall

description: A solitary plasmacytoma that arises from the chest wall.


acute allergic sanguinous otitis media

description: A acute sanguinous otitis media caused by an allergen.


vulva verrucous carcinoma

description: A highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of a warty and hyperkeratinized surface, malignant cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, minimal cytologic atypia, and absence or rarity of mitotic figures. The tumor infiltrates the underlying stroma with a pushing border.


bladder verrucous carcinoma

description: A verrucous carcinoma that involves the urinary bladder.


bladder squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder arising from metaplastic epithelium. It represents less than 10% of bladder carcinomas. The exception is the Middle East along the Nile Valley, where it represents the most common form of carcinoma because of the endemic nature of schistosomiasis. Bladder squamous cell carcinoma is often associated with long-standing chronic inflammation of the bladder and usually has a poor prognosis. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder should be reserved for those tumors that are predominantly keratin forming.


cervical verrucous carcinoma

description: A highly differentiated variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of a warty surface and stromal invasion with pushing borders. The malignant cells have abundant cytoplasm and minimal nuclear atypia. Koilocytosis is not present.


esophagus verrucous carcinoma

description: A rare variant of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It is an exophytic, cauliflower-like or papillary mass that can arise in any part of the esophagus. This variant of squamous cell carcinoma grows slowly and invades locally, with a very low metastasizing potential. (WHO)


urethral verrucous carcinoma

description: A verrucous carcinoma that involves the urethra.


urethra squamous cell carcinoma

description: A well differentiated, moderately differentiated, or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the male or female urethra.