name: induction of blood coagulation in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.


name: meiotic recombination initiation complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A protein complex that initiates the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) required for meiotic recombination. Consists of a protein that catalyses formation of the double-strand breaks (Spo11 in S. cerevisiae and Rec12 in S. pombe), and a number of accessory proteins.


regulation of urine volume

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


positive regulation of urine volume

description: Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


negative regulation of urine volume

description: Any process that decreases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


renal sodium excretion

description: The elimination of sodium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


regulation of renal sodium excretion

description: Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


name: negative regulation of renal sodium excretion

description: Any process that decreases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


name: positive regulation of renal sodium excretion

description: Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


name: renal sodium ion absorption involved in negative regulation of renal sodium excretion

description: Any process where sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron, which contributes to decreasing the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine per unit time.


name: positive regulation of urine volume by pressure natriuresis

description: An increase in the amount of urine excreted over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.


name: positive regulation of renal sodium excretion by pressure natriuresis

description: An increase in the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.


name: negative regulation of renal sodium excretion by angiotensin

description: The process in which angiotensin decreases the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine over a unit of time.


name: modulation of process of another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of another organism.


gene conversion

description: A DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor. The resulting acceptor sequence is identical to that of the donor.


short tract gene conversion

description: A gene conversion process in which a segment of about 50-200 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor.


long tract gene conversion

description: A gene conversion process in which a segment of more than 1000 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor.


homologous recombination

description: A DNA recombination process that results in the exchange of an equal amount of genetic material between highly homologous DNA molecules.


palmatine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.


palmatine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.


berbamunine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving berbamunine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.


berbamunine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of berbamunine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.


indole alkaloid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


indole alkaloid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


ergot alkaloid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an ergot alkaloid, an indole alkaloid.


ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid.


growing cell tip

description: The region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell, where polarized growth occurs.


non-growing cell tip

description: A cell tip at which no growth takes place. For example, in fission yeast the cell end newly formed by cell division does not grow immediately upon its formation, and lacks actin cytoskeletal structures.


old growing cell tip

description: A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs. For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.


new growing cell tip

description: A cell tip that was newly formed at the last cell division, and that has started to grow after the cell has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). New end take-off is when monopolar cells initiate bipolar growth.


name: old cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth

description: A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs, which is part of a cell that has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.


endonuclear canal

description: A membrane-bound structure present in the nucleus of a spermatozoon. There is variation in the number of endonuclear canals between sperm of different organisms, and some species lack these structures altogether. The endonuclear canal may provide a supporting role for the sperm nucleus, and originates during spermiogenesis from an invagination of the nuclear envelope.


cloaca development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cloaca over time, from it's formation to the mature structure. The cloaca is the common chamber into which intestinal, genital and urinary canals open in vertebrates.


name: photoreceptor cell outer segment organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials.


oviduct epithelium development

description: The progression of the oviduct epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. The oviduct epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the oviduct.


uterine epithelium development

description: The progression of an epithelium of the uterus over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


oviduct morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structures of the oviduct are generated and organized. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.


nephric duct elongation

description: The process in which the nephric duct grows along its axis. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


name: epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an epithelial cell that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Krueppel-associated box domain binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to a Krueppel-associated box (KRAB) domain of a protein. The approximately 75 amino acid KRAB domain is enriched in charged amino acids, and is found in the N-terminal regions of many zinc finger-containing transcription factors.


horizontal cell localization

description: Any process in which a horizontal cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. A horizontal cell is a neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. Targeting of retinal neurons to the appropriate lamina is vital to establish the architecture of the retina.


name: chromosome passenger complex localization to spindle midzone

description: A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the spindle midzone. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


eosinophil fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a eosinophil cell. A eosinophil is any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin.


megakaryocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.


eosinophil fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of identity of an eosinophil cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


eosinophil fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an eosinophil cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


Seh1-associated complex

description: A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In S. cerevisiae the complex contains Seh1p, Sec13p, Npr2p, Npr3p, Iml1p, Mtc5p, Rtc1p, and Sea4p.


name: glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor.


site of double-strand break

description: A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.


dITP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dITP (deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate). dITP is a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.


dITP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dITP, a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.


response to potassium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


cellular response to potassium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to protein kinase C alpha.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). IGF1R is a heterotetramer that consists of two alpha-subunits and two beta-subunits.


alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to high mobility group box 1 protein.


ciliary transition zone

description: A region of the cilium between the basal body and proximal segment that is characterized by Y-shaped assemblages that connect axonemal microtubules to the ciliary membrane. The ciliary transition zone appears to function as a gate that controls ciliary membrane composition and separates the cytosol from the ciliary plasm.


dITP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dITP + H2O = dIMP + H+ + diphosphate.


protein K11-linked deubiquitination

description: A protein deubiquitination process in which a K11-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


name: nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains: a variable C-terminus, a middle nucleotide-binding domain, and a LRR domain that is variable in the repeats composition and number.


lactate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which lactate is transported across a membrane. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.


name: cellular response to copper ion starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of copper ions.


name: maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric

description: The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.


death effector domain binding

description: Binding to a DED domain (death effector domain) of a protein, a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices that is related in structure to the death domain (DD).


nail development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nail over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the outer end of a finger or toe, and consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.


plasma membrane lactate transport

description: The directed movement of lactate across a plasma membrane.


embryonic nail plate morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of a nail plate are generated and organized. The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin, and serves to protect the tips of digits.


amacrine cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons.


defecation rhythm

description: The rhythmic process of defecation that consists of an intestinal oscillator which regulates calcium waves. These waves in turn control a stereotypical, three-part pattern of muscle contractions. In some organisms, defecation can recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours. For example, in a well-fed Caenorhabditis elegans, the defecation motor program occurs approximately every 45 seconds, and is temperature- and touch-compensated.


enteroendocrine cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.


arabinan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


exochitinase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-beta-linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, exochitinases progressively cleave off two subunits from the reducing or non-reducing ends of the chitin chain.


name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell.


name: aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell surrounding the aorta.


isoguanine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: isoguanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.


otolith tethering

description: The attachment of a developing otolith to the kinocilia of tether cells in the inner ear.


exit from host cell

description: The movement of an organism out of a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: perturbation of platelet aggregation in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that affects platelet aggregation in another organism. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


name: suppression of platelet aggregation in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in a second organism.


name: induction of platelet aggregation in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in another organism.


name: modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood mast cell degranulation in another organism. Mast cell degranulation is the regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.


name: positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood mast cell degranulation in another organism.


parathyroid hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of parathyroid hormone into the circulatory system.


name: suppression of blood coagulation in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.


response to isolation stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lack of contact with other members of the same species.


cellular response to isolation stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lack of contact with other members of the same species.


response to immobilization stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.


name: cellular response to immobilization stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.


aorta development

description: The progression of the aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


ascending aorta development

description: The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


descending aorta development

description: The progression of the descending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


dorsal aorta development

description: The progression of the dorsal aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


ventral aorta development

description: The progression of the ventral aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


aorta morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


ascending aorta morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the ascending aorta are generated and organized. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


descending aorta morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the descending aorta are generated and organized. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


dorsal aorta morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


ventral aorta morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the ventral aorta are generated and organized. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


skeletal muscle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.


name: pore formation in membrane of another organism

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of another organism.


name: modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


name: negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


name: negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


desmosome disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


foramen ovale closure

description: The morphogenetic process in which the foramen ovale closes after birth, to prevent blood flow between the right and left atria. In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. Closure of the foramen ovale after birth stops this blood flow.


flurbiprofen binding

description: Binding to flurbiprofen.


name: cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding

description: Binding to a region containing frequent adenine and uridine bases within the 3' untranslated region of a mRNA molecule or in pre-mRNA intron. The ARE-binding element consensus is UUAUUUAUU. ARE-binding proteins control the stability and/or translation of mRNAs.


RNA import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which a rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


rRNA import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which a rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


steroid hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system.


corticosteroid hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of any corticosteroid hormone into the circulatory system.


mineralocorticoid secretion

description: The regulated release of any mineralocorticoid into the circulatory system. Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism.


aldosterone secretion

description: The regulated release of aldosterone into the circulatory system. Aldosterone is a pregnane-based steroid hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney.


glucocorticoid secretion

description: The regulated release of any glucocorticoid hormone into the circulatory system. Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.


corticosterone secretion

description: The regulated release of corticosterone into the circulatory system. Corticosterone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.


androgen secretion

description: The regulated release of an androgen into the circulatory system. Androgens are steroid hormones that stimulate or control the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates.


testosterone secretion

description: The regulated release of testosterone into the circulatory system. Testosterone is an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5.


estrogen secretion

description: The regulated release of estrogen into the circulatory system. Estrogen is a steroid hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics in mammals.


estradiol secretion

description: The regulated release of estradiol into the circulatory system.


microsatellite binding

description: Binding to a microsatellite, a repeat_region in DNA containing repeat units (2 to 4 base pairs) that is repeated multiple times in tandem.


androstenedione secretion

description: The regulated release of androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione) into the circulatory system.


dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

description: The regulated release of dehydroepiandrosterone (3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one) into the circulatory system.


estrone secretion

description: The regulated release of estrone into the circulatory system.


perforin production

description: The appearance of a perforin protein due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


mitochondrial ncRNA surveillance

description: The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs) within the mitochondrion.


mitochondrial mRNA surveillance

description: The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading messenger RNA (mRNA) within the mitochondrion.


response to interleukin-13

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.


cellular response to interleukin-13

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.


COPI-coated vesicle budding

description: The evagination of a Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a COPI-coated vesicle.


cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling

description: Remodeling the acyl chains of premature (de novo synthesized) cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol), through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate mature cardiolipin containing high-levels of unsaturated fatty acids.


name: response to topologically incorrect protein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.


name: cellular response to topologically incorrect protein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.


peptidyl-threonine dephosphorylation

description: The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine to form peptidyl-threonine.


peptidyl-histidine dephosphorylation

description: The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-histidine to form peptidyl-histidine.


aggrephagy

description: The selective degradation of protein aggregates by macroautophagy.


meiotic spindle pole body

description: The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the meiotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


transcription factor AP-1 complex

description: A heterodimeric transcription factor complex composed of proteins from the c-Fos, c-Jun, activating transcription factor (ATF) or JDP families. The subunits contain a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain that is essential for dimerization and DNA binding. Jun-Fos heterodimers bind preferentially to a heptamer consensus sequence (TPA responsive element (TRE)), whereas Jun-ATF dimers bind the cyclic AMP responsive element (CRE) to regulate transcription of target genes.


name: protein deglycosylation involved in glycoprotein catabolic process

description: The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein that contributes to the breakdown of a glycoprotein.


histone H2AXS139 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-serine (position 139) + ATP = histone H2AX-phosphoserine (position 139) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 139 of histone variant H2AX.


tongue muscle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a tongue muscle cell.


response to trichostatin A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.


cellular response to trichostatin A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.


description: A transcriptionally-silent heterochromatin structure present in senescent cells. Contains the condensed chromatin of one chromosome and is enriched for histone modifications. Thought to repress expression of proliferation-promoting genes.


endodermal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.


chondrocyte proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


tendon development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon is a fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force.


tendon cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tendon cell. Tendon cell are elongated fibrocytes in which the cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. Tendon cells have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance.


nitric oxide sensor activity

description: Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of nitric oxide (NO).


tendon formation

description: The process that gives rise to a tendon. This process pertains to the initial formation of a tendon from unspecified parts.


deltoid tuberosity development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the deltoid tuberosity over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. The deltoid tuberosity develops through endochondral ossification in a two-phase process; an initiating tendon-dependent phase, and a muscle-dependent growth phase.


response to muscle stretch

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a myofibril being extended beyond its slack length.


detection of muscle stretch

description: The series of events by which a muscle stretch stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


rhabdomere microvillus

description: Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a rhabdomere.


rhabdomere microvillus membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus of a rhabdomere.


tetrahydrofolate interconversion

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules.


mucocyst

description: A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, in the pellicle of ciliate protozoans that discharges a mucus-like secretion.


name: 'de novo' pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from simpler components.


pre-mRNA binding

description: Binding to a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein that may contain introns and, at least in part, encodes one or more proteins. Introns are removed from pre-mRNA to form a mRNA molecule.


GAF domain binding

description: Binding to a GAF protein domain.


name: response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


name: cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


scintillon

description: A body present in the cytoplasm of some dinoflagellates, which is the source of bioluminescence; emits light on acidification in the presence of oxygen.


name: sucrose catabolic process to fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, which proceeds by phosphorylation of sucrose to form sucrose-6-phosphate. The subsequent actions of a hydrolase and a fructokinase generate fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein N-methyl-L-glutamine.


protein localization to endosome

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endosome.


imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation

description: Division of an imaginal disc-derived leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. The Drosophila leg, for example, has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint.


cyanelle inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope; also faces the cyanelle stroma.


cyanelle outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope.


cyanelle intermembrane space

description: The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the cyanelle envelope; includes the peptidoglycan layer.


response to interleukin-3

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.


cellular response to interleukin-3

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.


response to erythropoietin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus. Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis.


cellular response to erythropoietin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus.


endolysosome

description: An transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome, and in which active degradation takes place.


endolysosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.


endolysosome lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.


limb joint morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb joint are generated and organized. A limb joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a limb to allow movement in a controlled manner.


name: embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, in which the anatomical structures of a skeletal limb joint are generated and organized. A skeletal limb joint is the connecting structure between the bones of a limb.


protein C inhibitor-TMPRSS7 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and transmembrane protease serine 7 (TMPRSS7); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of transmembrane protease serine 7.


protein C inhibitor-TMPRSS11E complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and transmembrane protease serine 11E (TMPRSS11E); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of transmembrane protease serine 11E.


protein C inhibitor-PLAT complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator.


protein C inhibitor-PLAU complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator.


protein C inhibitor-thrombin complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and thrombin (F2); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of thrombin.


protein C inhibitor-KLK3 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and prostate-specific antigen (KLK3); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of prostate-specific antigen.


name: protein C inhibitor-plasma kallikrein complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and plasma kallikrein (KLK1B); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of plasma kallikrein.


neural crest cell delamination

description: The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.


mediator complex binding

description: Binding to a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


mediator complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


osteoclast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.


cardiac neural crest cell delamination

description: The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a cardiac neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


MKS complex

description: A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of several proteins some of which are membrane bound. Acts as an organiser of transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the NPHP complex. The MKS complex also acts as part of the selective barrier that prevents diffusion of proteins between the ciliary cytoplasm and cellular cytoplasm as well as between the ciliary membrane and plasma membrane.


curcumin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polyphenol, curcumin.


curcumin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the polyphenol, curcumin.


long-chain fatty acid binding

description: Binding to a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


long-chain fatty acyl-CoA binding

description: Binding to a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


protein demalonylation

description: The removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO), from an amino acid residue within a protein or peptide.


peptidyl-lysine demalonylation

description: The process of removing a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) from an malonylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


protein desuccinylation

description: The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.


peptidyl-lysine desuccinylation

description: The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a succinylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


peptidyl-lysine succinylation

description: The modification of a peptidyl-lysine residue by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to form N6-succinyl-L-lysine.


protein localization to trailing edge

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the trailing edge. The trailing edge is the area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.


protein localization to uropod

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a uropod. A uropod is a membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a migrating cell.


glomerular endothelium fenestra

description: A large plasma membrane-lined circular pore that perforates the flattened glomerular endothelium and, unlike those of other fenestrated capillaries, is not spanned by diaphragms; the density and size of glomerular fenestrae account, at least in part, for the high permeability of the glomerular capillary wall to water and small solutes.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein-malonyllysine + H2O => protein-lysine + malonate. This reaction is the removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) from a malonylated lysine residue of a protein or peptide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-succinyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-succinyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


filtration diaphragm

description: A specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.


slit diaphragm

description: A specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.


filtration diaphragm assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a filtration diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.


nephrocyte diaphragm assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nephrocyte diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney.


slit diaphragm assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a slit diaphragm, specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.


name: muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell

description: The directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus. Tendon cells, for example, produce positive guidance cues that attract muscle cells.


presynaptic periactive zone

description: A region that surrounds the active zone of the presynaptic plasma membrane, and is specialized for the control of synaptic development.


acroblast

description: A cone-shaped structure in the head of a spermatozoon, which is formed by the coalescence of Golgi fragments following the completion of meiosis. The acroblast is situated adjacent to the acrosomal vesicle.


ciliary basal body

description: A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum) that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodeling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. As well as anchoring the cilium, it is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport.


fucosylation

description: The covalent attachment of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule.


protein O-linked fucosylation

description: The process of transferring a fucosyl group to a serine or threonine residues in a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.


name: light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the presence of light.


name: light-independent chlorophyll biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the absence of light.


name: light-dependent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the presence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


name: light-independent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the absence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


N-glycan fucosylation

description: The process of transferring a fucosyl group to an N-glycan. An N-glycan is the carbohydrate portion of an N-glycoprotein when attached to a nitrogen from asparagine or arginine side-chains.


direct ossification

description: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.


perichondral ossification

description: Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.


metaplastic ossification

description: Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division.


replacement ossification

description: Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation.


ligamentous ossification

description: Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue.


intratendonous ossification

description: Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.


name: minus-end specific microtubule depolymerization

description: The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the minus end of a microtubule.


name: purine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Purine nucleotide-sugars are purine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


name: extracellular ammonia-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular ammonia (NH3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: extracellular phenylacetaldehyde-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular phenylacetaldehyde has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: GDP-fucose import into endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


GDP-fucose import into Golgi lumen

description: The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the Golgi lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


glutathione synthase complex

description: A protein complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, and which possesses glutathione synthase activity (catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H+ + phosphate). In eukaryotes, the complex is homodimeric, in E. coli glutathione synthase exists as a tetramer, and in S. pombe the complex exists as a homodimer or a heterotetramer.


D-serine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


cleavage furrow formation

description: Generation of the cleavage furrow, a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate that marks the site of cytokinesis. This process includes the recruitment and localized activation of signals such as RhoA at the site of the future furrow to ensure that furrowing initiates at the correct site in the cell.


cleavage furrow ingression

description: Advancement of the cleavage furrow from the outside of the cell inward towards the center of the cell. The cleavage furrow acts as a 'purse string' which draws tight to separate daughter cells during cytokinesis and partition the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells. The furrow ingresses until a cytoplasmic bridge is formed.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position.


germ cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


small molecule binding

description: Binding to a small molecule, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


name: male germ-line stem cell population maintenance

description: The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of male germ-line stem cells.


name: female germ-line stem cell population maintenance

description: The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of female germ-line stem cells.


leukotriene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.


leukotriene B4 catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.


leukotriene B4 metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.


Kdo2-lipid A metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.


Kdo2-lipid A biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.


name: peroxisome membrane class-1 targeting sequence binding

description: Binding to a class I peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane in a PEX19-dependent manner.


name: peroxisome membrane class-2 targeting sequence binding

description: Binding to a class II peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane in a PEX19-independent manner.


name: 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).


name: 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).


alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.


name: cellular response to inositol starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of inositol.


name: very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a very long-chain fatty-acyl group. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


name: medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 6 to 12 carbons.


name: very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a very long-chain fatty-acyl group. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


name: medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 6 to 12 carbons.


fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.


name: long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


hyaluranon cable

description: A cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.


hyaluranon cable assembly

description: A process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a hyaluranon cable, a cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.


name: response to platelet-derived growth factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


name: cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


double-stranded DNA helicase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of double-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.


BMP binding

description: Binding to a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family.


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex

description: A multienzyme complex possessing three kinds of enzymes that catalyze the chain reactions in the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle, enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HACD), and acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (KACT).


sperm flagellum

description: A microtubule-based flagellum (or cilium) that is part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.


3-sulfino-L-alanine binding

description: Binding to 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteine sulfinate).


CatSper complex

description: A sperm-specific voltage-gated calcium channel that controls the intracellular calcium ion concentration and, thereby, the swimming behavior of sperm. Consists of a heteromeric tetramer surrounding a calcium ion- selective pore. May also contain additional auxiliary subunits.


name: prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H2 + NADPH + H+ -> prostaglandin F2alpha + NADP+. This reaction is the reduction of prostaglandin H2 ((5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-Epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate) to prostaglandin F2alpha ((5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-Trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate).


name: prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin D2 + H+ + NADPH = 11-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha + NADP+.


13-prostaglandin reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)H + H+ -> 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)+. This reaction is the reduction of 15-keto-prostaglandin.


name: 11-hydroxythromboxane B2 dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: thromboxane B2 + NAD+ = 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 + NADH + H+.


name: 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H2 = 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) + malonaldehyde (MDA).


Schwann cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a Schwann cell from one site to another. A Schwann cell is a glial cell that ensheathes axons of neuron in the peripheral nervous system and is necessary for their maintenance and function.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-aspartate.


kynurenine aminotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from kynurenine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


peptidyl-histidine hydroxylation

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-hydroxyhistidine.


peptidyl-histidine dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-histidyl-[protein] + succinate + CO2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-asparagine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl 3-hydroxy-L-asparagine + succinate + CO2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate = phenylpyruvate + aspartate.


kringle domain binding

description: Binding to a kringle domain. Kringle domains are protein domains that fold into large loops stabilized by 3 disulfide linkages, and are important in protein-protein interactions with blood coagulation factors.


dendritic cell homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of dendritic cells such that the total number of dendritic cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


cellular response to mycotoxin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.


rumination

description: A digestive process in which food, usually grass or hay, is swallowed into a multi-compartmented stomach, regurgitated, chewed again, and swallowed again.


description: Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


description: Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylinositol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylinositol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


description: Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylserine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylserine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


description: Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylcholine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylcholine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


description: Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylethanolamine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylethanolamine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


triglyceride acyl-chain remodeling

description: Remodeling the acyl chains of triacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate triacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


diacylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling

description: Remodeling the acyl chains of diacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate diacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling

description: Remodeling the acyl chains of an acylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate an acylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


inner dynein arm

description: Inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. The structure of inner dynein arms is complex and may vary within the axoneme. Inner dynein arms are heteromeric, comprising 8 different heavy chains and various subunits. Inner and outer dynein arms have different functions in the generation of microtubule-based motility.


outer dynein arm

description: Outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. Outer dynein arms contain 2-3 heavy chains, two or more intermediate chains and a cluster of 4-8 light chains. Inner and outer dynein arms have different functions in the generation of microtubule-based motility.


outer dynein arm assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein outer arm, an outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.


inner dynein arm assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein inner arm, an inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.


description: The regulated release of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone, any of a group of peptide hormones that are produced by cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland, and stimulate the production of melanin to increase pigmentation.


calcitonin secretion

description: The regulated release of calcitonin, a peptide hormone that participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, from a cell.


oxytocin production

description: The appearance of oxytocin, a cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG, due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Oxytocin is the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary, and together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, is believed to influence social cognition and behavior. It also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain.


name: 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid -> 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + CO2.


cell-abiotic substrate adhesion

description: The attachment of a cell to an underlying abiotic (non-living) substrate via adhesion molecules.


invasive growth in response to heat

description: The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells as a result of an increase in temperature.


phenotypic switching

description: A reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching involves changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns. For example, Candida albicans switches from white cells to opaque cells for sexual mating. Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating environmental cues.


name: phenotypic switching in response to host

description: A reversible switch of a cell from one phenotype to another that occurs upon infection of a host or host cell. For example, Candida albicans switches from a unicellular form to an invasive multicellular filamentous form upon infection of host tissue. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.


name: filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat

description: The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to an increase in temperature.


name: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid -> 2-methoxy-6-decaprenylphenol + CO2.


name: filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation

description: The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to deprivation of nourishment.


name: filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus

description: The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a chemical stimulus.


thiamine salvage

description: A process that generates thiamine (vitamin B1) from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


thiosulfate binding

description: Binding to a thiosulfate, a sulfur oxide that has formula O3S2.


butane monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: butane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = butanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


name: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, glutaredoxin disulfide as acceptor

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O -> ribonucleoside diphosphate + glutaredoxin.


response to neutral pH

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


name: filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

description: The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


name: filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH

description: The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus.


osteoclast maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an osteoclast cell to attain its fully functional state. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, and which typically differentiates from monocytes.


name: filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus

description: The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a biotic (living) stimulus.


protein localization to linear element

description: A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a linear element. A linear element is a proteinaceous scaffold associated with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase.


asperthecin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.


asperthecin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.


asperthecin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.


13-lipoxin reductase activity

description: Definition: Catalysis of the reaction: 15-oxolipoxin A4 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 13,14-dihydro-15-oxolipoxin A4 + NAD(P)+.


early phagosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an early phagosome.


name: cell growth mode switching, budding to filamentous

description: The process in which a cell switches from growing as a round budding cell to growing as a filament (elongated cells attached end-to-end). An example of this is the yeast-hyphal transition of Candida albicans.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene-18-al + H2O + NAD+ = abieta-7,13-diene-18-oate + NADH + H+.


abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADP+ + H2O.


indole-2-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + indolin-2-one + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


indolin-2-one monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: indolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = DIBOA + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


muscle cell projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns.


muscle cell projection membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a muscle cell projection.


zymosterol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).


zymosterol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).


dTMP salvage

description: Any process which produces dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate) without de novo synthesis.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cholest-4-en-3-one + NADH + H+ + O2 = 26-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + NAD+ + H2O. This reaction involves the hydroxylation of the C26 carbon, followed by oxidation of the alcohol to the carboxylic acid via the aldehyde intermediate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 9alpha-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + H2O + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].


ent-isokaurene C2-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ent-isokaurene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-2alpha-hydroxyisokaurene + H2O + NADP+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-11beta-hydroxycassa-12,15-diene + NADP+ + H2O.


taxoid 14-beta-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 10beta,14beta-dihydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + NADP+ + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is a two step reaction. The first step is: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol + + NADP+ + H2O. The second step is a spontaneous reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H2O.


histone catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a histone protein by individual cells.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


protein modification process

description: The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).


contractile ring contraction

description: The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter.


response to stem cell factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.


name: cellular response to stem cell factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.


dGTP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H2O = dGMP + H+ + diphosphate.


dTTP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTMP + H+ + diphosphate.


GTP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GMP + H+ + diphosphate.


ITP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IMP + H+ + diphosphate.


UTP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + H2O = UMP + H+ + diphosphate.


XTP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: XTP + H2O = XMP + H+ + diphosphate.


cellular response to adenine starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of adenine.


pairing center

description: A special chromosome region located towards one end of a chromosome that contains dispersed copies of short, repetitive DNA sequences and functions as a cis-acting element essential for presynaptic homologous chromosome pairing and chromosome-nuclear envelope attachment.


name: cellular response to vitamin B1 starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of vitamin B1 (also called thiamin and thiamine).


name: mitotic G2 cell cycle arrest in response to glucose starvation

description: The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G2 phase as a result of deprivation of glucose.


name: protein localization to nuclear inner membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear inner membrane.


granulocyte activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a granulocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


deglucuronidation

description: The removal of glucuronic acid from a conjugated substrate.


acyl deglucuronidation

description: The removal of glucuronic acid from an acyl-glucuronide.


acyl glucuronidation

description: The modification of an substrate by the conjugation of glucuronic acid to form an acyl-glucuronide (also called an acyl-glucuronoside).


acyl-glucuronidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


gallate dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + O2 = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate.


taxoid 7beta-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: taxusin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 7beta-hydroxytaxusin + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O and 2alpha-hydroxytaxusin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 2alpha,7beta-dihydroxytaxusin + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O.


septal periplasm

description: The region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall, as found in organisms such as filamentous fungi.


name: glutamate catabolic process to 4-hydroxybutyrate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into 4-hydroxybutyrate.


name: glutamate catabolic process to succinate via 2-oxoglutarate-dependent GABA-transaminase activity

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


name: succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = succinate + NADPH + 2 H+.


cellular response to neutral pH

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


cellular response to menadione

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menadione stimulus. Menadione (also called vitamin K3) is a naphthoquinone having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.


phytochelatin 2 import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of phytochelatin 2 (PC2) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 2 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=2, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.


phytochelatin 3 import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of phytochelatin 3 (PC3) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 3 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=3, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.


phytochelatin 4 import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of phytochelatin 4 (PC4) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 4 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=4, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.


cadmium ion import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of cadmium ions into the vacuole.


peroxisome transport along microtubule

description: The directed movement of a peroxisome along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.


response to methylamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.


cellular response to methylamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.


multivesicular body organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a multivesicular body. A multivesicular body is a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


multivesicular body assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


aerobic raffinose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of raffinose that occur in the presence of oxygen.


RNA capping

description: The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a cap structure is added to the 5' end of nascent RNA polymerase transcripts. Examples of RNA capping include 7-methyl-G caps found on all RNA polymerase II transcripts and nucleotide-containing cofactor caps, such as NAD(H) or FAD, found on bacterial trancripts.


7-methylguanosine cap hypermethylation

description: Hypermethylation of the 7-(mono)methylguanosine (m(7)G) cap structure at the 2' position of the guanosine residue to convert a mono-methylated cap to a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structure. This type of cap modification occurs on small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is dependent on prior guanine-N7 methylation.


granulysin production

description: The appearance of granulysin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


RNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

description: The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an RNA molecule.


Cdc48p-Npl4p-Vms1p AAA ATPase complex

description: A multiprotein ATPase complex involved in the release of polyubiquitinated proteins, including those damaged by oxidative stress, from the outer mitochondria membrane into the cytoplasm where they are presented to the proteasome for proteolysis, a process also referred to as mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Vms1p.


invasive filamentous growth

description: The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells into a substrate.


swimming

description: Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through water, often by means of active fin movement.


swimming behavior

description: The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of swimming. Swimming is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the water.


response to diuretic

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.


response to methylphenidate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylphenidate stimulus.


response to gemcitabine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gemcitabine stimulus. Gemcitabine is a 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position, and is used as a drug in the treatment of various carcinomas.


response to statin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a statin stimulus. Statins are organooxygen compounds whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC:1.1.1.34/EC:1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.


response to lapatinib

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lapatinib stimulus.


response to 5-fluorouracil

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluorouracil stimulus.


response to antidepressant

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antidepressant stimulus, a mood-stimulating drug.


response to anticonvulsant

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticonvulsant stimulus, a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.


name: positive regulation of protein export from nucleus in response to glucose starvation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm in response to deprivation of glucose.


cellular response to L-canavanine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus. L-canavanine is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group.


tubulobulbar complex

description: Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between Sertoli-Sertoli cells or Sertoli-spermatids in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.


SAGA complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SAGA complex, a SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof.


eisosome filament

description: A filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.


response to iloperidone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iloperidone stimulus.