petroselinate

An unsaturated fatty acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of petroselinic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.


petroselinoyl group

An octadec-6-enoyl group in which the olefinic double bond has Z configuration.


petroselaidate

An unsaturated fatty acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of petroselaidic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.


petroselaidoyl group

An octadec-6-enoyl group in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration.


cis,cis-muconate

A muconate that is the conjugate base of (2Z,4Z)-5-carboxypenta-2,4-dienoate.


butenafine

Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.


cis-4-decenoic acid

A decenoic acid having a cis- double bond at position 4.


dec-9-enoic acid

A decenoic acid having the double bond at position 9.


(R)-mandelate

A mandelate that is the conjugate base of (R)-mandelic acid.


A hydroxy fatty acid anion and the conjugate base of 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


mycomycin

A straight-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid comprising tridecanoic acid having (E)- and (Z)-double bonds at positions 3 and 5 respectively, an allenic system at positions 7-9 and triple bonds at positions 10 and 12.


alpha-linolenate

A linolenate that is the conjugate base of alpha-linolenic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


An octadecatetraenoic acid having four double bonds located at positions 6, 9, 12 and 15 (the all-cis-isomer). It has been isolated from Lithospermum officinale and fish oils.


gamma-linolenate

A linolenate that is the conjugate base of gamma-linolenic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


A tetracosenoate that is the conjugate base of nervonic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


erucate

A unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of erucic acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


arachidonate

A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.


An amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 6-aminohexanoic acid.


A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.


D-glyceric acid

The D-enantiomer of glyceric acid.


A crown ether that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.


butoconazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.


A crown ether that is cyclononane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, and 7 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.


A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is cyclopentadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 have been replaced by oxygen atoms to give a crown ether.


A phenolate anion that is the conjugate base of catecholate(1-).


parinaric acid

An octadecatetraenoic acid containing a conjugated system of  double bonds at positions 9, 11, 13 and 15.


The (9Z,11E,13E,15Z)-isomer of parinaric acid.


trans-parinaric acid

The all-trans- isomer of parinaric acid.


octadeca-10,12-diynoic acid

An octadecadiynoic acid having its triple bonds at positions 10 and 12.


cis-parinarate

A straight-chain, unsaturated, long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of cis-parinaric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


trans-parinarate

A straight-chain, unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of trans-parinaric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


gadoleic acid

An icosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at position 9.


butorphanol

Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.


gadoleate

A unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of gadoleic acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


gadelaidic acid

An icosenoic acid having a trans- double bond at position 9.


gadelaidate

An unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of gadelaidic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


(11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid

An icosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at position 11.


gondoate

A very long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of gondoic acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


(11Z)-icos-11-enoyl group

An icosenoyl group derived from (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid (gondoic acid).


cetoleic acid

A docosenoic acid having a cis-double bond at position 11.


cetoleate

A straight-chain, monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of cetoleic acid.


L-alaninate

The L-enantiomer of alaninate.


L-alaninium

The L-enantiomer of alaninium.


D-alaninate

The D-enantiomer of alaninate.


D-alaninium

An alaninium that is the conjugate acid of D-alanine.


alaninate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of alanine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


butrin

A flavanone glycoside that is  butin substituted by two beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues at positions 7 and 3' respectively.


alaninium

An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of alanine.


The L-enantiomer of cysteinate(1-).


The L-enantiomer of cysteinate(2-).


L-cysteinium

The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.


all-trans-neoxanthin

A neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry.


L-cysteinyl group

The cysteinyl group with L stereochemistry at C-2.


The D-enantiomer of cysteinate(1-).


butyl acrylate

An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of  butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of  acrylic acid.


The D-enantiomer of cysteinate(2-).


D-cysteinium

The D-enantiomer of cysteinium.


A sulfur-containing amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of cysteine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


aspartate residue

An alpha-amino-acid residue anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of an aspartic acid residue.


aldehydo-D-paratose

An aldehydo-paratose that has D-configuration.


L-phenylalaninate

An optically active form of phenylalaninate having L-configuration.


L-phenylalaninium

An optically active form of phenylalaninium having L-configuration.


fumagillol

A sesquiterpenoid with antimicrobial properties.


D-phenylalaninate

The D-enantiomer of phenylalaninate.


D-phenylalaninium

An optically active form of phenylalaninium having D-configuration.


THIOACETAMIDE

A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.


amineptine

A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.


phenylalaninate

An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of phenylalanine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


phenylalaninium

An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of phenylalanine, arising from protonation of the amino group.


An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.


glycinium

An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of glycine, arising from protonation of the amino.


glycinate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glycine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


The L-enantiomer of histidinate(1-),


The L-enantiomer of histidinate(2-).


The L-enantiomer of histidinium(2+).


The L-enantiomer of histidinium(1+).


C-1027 chromophore

An enediyne antibiotic that has formula C43H42ClN3O13. It is a natural product found in Streptomyces globisporus and exhibits antimicrobial and antineoplastic properties.


The D-enantiomer of histidinate(1-).


The D-enantiomer of histidinate(2-).


The D-enantiomer of histidinium(1+).


The D-enantiomer of histidinium(2+).


turanose

A glycosylfructose isolated from Daphnia magna.


acosamine

A trideoxyhexose carrying a single amino substituent at position 3 and deoxygenated at positions 2, 3 and 6.


nicotinate

A pyridinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of nicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A methylpyridine in which the methyl substituent is at position 4.


A member of the class of  methylpyridines that is pyridine carrying methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.


L-lysinate

An optically active form of lysinate having L-configuration.


An optically active form of lysinium having L-configuration.


The L-enantiomer of lysinium(2+).


D-lysinate

An optically active form of lysinate having D-configuration.


An optically active form of lysinium having D-configuration.


The D-enantiomer of lysinium(2+).


lysinate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of lysine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of lysine, having two cationic amino groups and an anionic carboxy group.


An alpha-amino-acid cation obtained by protonation of both amino groups of lysine.


purpurosamine C

A tetradeoxyhexose carrying amino substituents at positions 2 and 6 and deoxygenated at positions 2, 3, 4 and 6.


D-rhodosamine

A trideoxyhexose deoxygenated at positions 2, 3 and 6; and carrying a 3-dimethylamino substituent.


An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.


A hydroxybenzoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid.


A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.


A group obtained by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-mannose.


BENZ(B)ANTHRACENE

An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


A group obtained by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of 2,4,6-tris(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-alpha-D-mannose.


L-isoleucinate

The L-enantiomer of isoleucinate.


L-isoleucinium

The L-enantiomer of isoleucinium.


D-isoleucinate

The D-enantiomer of isoleucinate.


D-isoleucinium

The D-enantiomer of isoleucinium.


AZEPANE

An azacycloalkane that is cycloheptane in which one of the carbon atoms is replaced by a nitrogen atom.


A group obtained by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-mannose.


L-leucinate

The L-enantiomer of leucinate.


L-leucinium

The L-enantiomer of leucinium.


D-leucinate

The D-enantiomer of leucinate.


D-leucinium

The D-enantiomer of leucinium.


An alkane-alpha,omega-diammonium(2+) that is the dication of putrescine (1,4-butanediamine) arising from protonation of both primary amino groups; major species at pH 7.3.


leucinate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of leucine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


leucinium

An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of leucine, arising from protonation of the amino group.


L-methioninate

The L-enantiomer of  methioninate.


L-methioninium

The L-enantiomer of methioninium.


paracetamol sulfate

An aryl sulfate that is paracetamol in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a sulfooxy group.


ACETAMINOPHEN GLUCURONIDE

A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).


D-methioninate

The D-enantiomer of methioninate.


D-methioninium

The D-enantiomer of methioninium.


methioninate

A sulfur-containing amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of methionine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


dextrorphan O-glucosiduronic acid

A glucosiduronic acid derived from dextrorphan.


methioninium

A sulfur-containing amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of methionine, arising from protonation of the amino group.


N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl O-glucuronide

A glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl.


L-asparaginate

An optically active form of asparaginate having L-configuration.


asparaginate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of asparagine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


L-glutaminate

An optically active form of glutaminate having L-configuration.


L-glutaminium

An optically active form of glutaminium having L-configuration.


D-glutaminate

An optically active form of glutaminate having D-configuration.


D-glutaminium

An optically active form of glutaminium having D-configuration.


glutaminate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glutamine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


glutaminium

An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of glutamine, arising from protonation of the amino group.


L-argininate

An L-alpha-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of L-arginine; obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


The L-enantiomer of argininium(1+).


The D-enantiomer of argininium(1+).


L-tryptophanate

The L-enantiomer of tryptophanate.


L-tryptophanium

The L-enantiomer of tryptophanium.


An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.


L-tryptophanyl radical

The L-enantiomer of tryptophanyl radical.


D-tryptophanate

The D-enantiomer of tryptophanate.


D-tryptophanium

The D-enantiomer of tryptophanium.


glycyl radical

An alpha-amino-acid radical derived from glycine.


D-tryptophanyl radical

The D-enantiomer of tryptophanyl radical.


tryptophanate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of tryptophan, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


tryptophanium

An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of tryptophan, arising from protonation of the alpha-amino group.


tryptophanyl radical

An alpha-amino-acid radical derived from tryptophan.


L-cysteinyl radical

A cysteinyl radical derived from L-cysteine.


D-cysteinyl radical

A cysteinyl radical derived from D-cysteine.


cysteinyl radical

An alpha-amino-acid radical derived from  cysteine.


L-selenocysteinium

A selenocysteinium that has L configuration.


D-selenocysteinium

A selenocysteinium that has D configuration.


selenocysteinium

An alpha-amino-acid cation resulting from the protonation of the amino group of selenocysteine.


An optically active form of tyrosinate having L-configuration.


The L-enantiomer of tyrosinate(2-).


L-tyrosinium

An optically active form of tyrosinium having L-configuration.


A member of the class of  monofluorobenzenes that is D-tyrosine substituted by a fluoro group at position 3.


methyloxidanyl

An  organic radical derived from  methanol.


An optically active form of tyrosinate(1-) having D-configuration.


The D-enantiomer of tyrosinate(2-).


D-tyrosinium

An optically active form of tyrosinium having D-configuration.


An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of tyrosine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


tyrosinium

An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of tyrosine, arising from protonation of the amino group.


(R)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.


9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid

An octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid having 9-cis,11-trans-stereochemistry.


tyraminium

An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of tyramine; major species at pH 7.3.


(S)-4-hydroxymandelic acid

A 4-hydroxymandelic acid that has S-configuration.


(R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid

A 4-hydroxymandelic acid that has R-configuration.


A 2-hydroxycarboxylate that is obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of 4-hydroxymandelic acid.


cis-aconitic acid

The cis-isomer of aconitic acid.


ACONITIC ACID

The trans-isomer of aconitic acid.


ORSELLINIC ACID

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group.


(Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioic acid

An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is (Z)-2-hexenedioic acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an oxo group.


3-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid

An amino dicarboxylic acid that is L-glutamic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.


An N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion resulting from deprotonation of both carboxy groups and protonation of the amino group of 3-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid.


4-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid

An  amino dicarboxylic acid that is L-glutamic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.


An L-alpha-amino acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy groups and protonation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid


A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of N-amidino-L-aspartic acid.


An N-carbamoyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acid.


enol-phenylpyruvic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is the enol-form of phenylpyruvic acid, consisting of acrylic acid having a hydroxy substituent at the 2-position and a phenyl group at the 3-position.


pyruvic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.


p-coumaroylagmatine

A member of the class of cinnamamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-coumaric acid with the primary amino group of agmatine.


L-threoninate

An L-alpha-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of L-threonine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


L-threoninium

The L-enantiomer of threoninium.


D-allothreonine

The D-enantiomer of  allothreonine. It occurs as a component of peptido-lipids in certain bacteria.


D-threoninate

The D-enantiomer of threoninate.


D-threoninium

The D-enantiomer of threoninium.


L-serinate

A serinate that is the conjugate base of L-serine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


L-serinium

A serinium that is the conjugate acid of L-serine, obtained by protonation of the amino group.


L-seryl group

The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of L-serine.


D-serinate

The D-enantiomer of serinate.


D-serinium

The D-enantiomer of serinium.


serinate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of serine.


serinium

An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of serine.


TEMPO

A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and  methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.


N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine

An ethylenediamine derivative in which each nitrogen carries two methyl substituents. It is widely employed both as a ligand for metal ions and as a catalyst in organic polymerisation.


L-valinate

The L-enantiomer of valinate.


L-valinium

The L-enantiomer of  valinium.


D-valinate

The D-enantiomer of valinate.


D-valinium

The D-enantiomer of valinium.


cabergoline

An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.


L-prolinate

An optically active form of prolinate having L-configuration.


secondary amine

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


L-prolinium

An optically active form of prolinium having L-configuration.


D-prolinate

An optically active form of prolinate having D-configuration.


D-prolinium

An optically active form of prolinium having D-configuration.


prolinate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of proline, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


prolinium

An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of proline, arising from protonation of the amino group.


methyl group

An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.


tertiary amine

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


primary amine

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydrocarbyl group.


A group obtained by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannose.


NONANE

A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.


BACCATIN III

A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from plant species of the genus Taxus.


gibberellin A4

A C19-gibberellin, initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi and differing from gibberellin A1 by the substitution of the OH at C-7 (gibbane numbering) by H.


gibberellin A7

A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and development in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi, it differs from gibberellin A1 in lacking the OH at C-7 (gibbane numbering).


gibberellin A24

A C20-gibberellin that consists of a tetracyclic skeleton bearing two carboxy and a formyl group.


CAFESTOL

An organic heteropentacyclic compound and furan diterpenoid with formula C20H28O3 obtained from the unsaponifiable fraction of coffee oil (a lipid fraction obtained from coffee beans by organic solvent extraction).


1-naphthaleneacetic acid

A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1.


octadecane

A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms.


nonadecane

A straight-chain alkane with 19 carbon atoms. It has been found as a component of essential oils isolated from Artemisia armeniaca.


3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-caffeic acid

A hydroxycinnamic acid that is trans-caffeic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside.


henicosane

An alkane that has 21 carbons and a straight-chain structure. It has been isolated from plants like Periploca laevigata and Carthamus tinctorius.


tricosane

A straight chain alkane containing 23 carbon atoms.


tetracosane

A straight-chain alkane containing 24 carbon atoms.


pentacosane

An alkane consisting of an unbranched chain of 25 carbon atoms.


hexacosane

A straight-chain alkane comprising of 26 carbon atoms.


heptacosane

A straight-chain alkane with 27 carbon atoms.


octacosane

A straight-chain alkane containing 28 carbon atoms.


The (R)-enantiomer of nonacosan-10-ol.


The (S)-enantiomer of nonacosan-10-ol.


amine

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


epoxide

Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.


lysophosphatidic acids

Any monoacylglycerol phosphate obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid or derivatives therein.


phosphate group

An inorganic group obtained by removal of one of the hydroxy groups from phosphoric acid.


triphosphate group

An inorganic group obtained by removal of one of the hydrogen atoms from triphosphoric acid.


alpha-sialoyl group

The acyl group derived from any of the sialic acids in the alpha configuration by removing the hydroxy group from the carboxy group.


beta-sialoyl group

The acyl group derived from any of the sialic acids in the beta configuration by removing the hydroxy group from the carboxy group.


A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-) that is the conjugate base of beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate.


A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-) that is the  conjugate base of alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate.


A 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate that is ethanesulfonate substituted by an amino group at position 2.


2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinic acid

An amino dicarboxylic acid consisting of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipyridine having two carboxy groups at the 2- and 6-positions.


(R)-3-phenyllactic acid

A 3-phenyllactic acid that has (R)-configuration at the 2 position.


A (2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of (S)-3-phenyllactic acid.


HYDROXYPHENYL PROPIONIC ACID

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.


An N(4)-glycosyl-L-asparagine in which the glycosyl component is specified as beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc.


amide

An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the phosphate OH groups in diphosphoric acid.


A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from diphosphoric acid.


calcein am

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is  calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.


2-oxopentanoic acid

An oxopentanoic acid carrying an oxo group at position 2.


A carbene that is derived from 1H-indene.


s-indacene

An indacene that consists of a benzene ring having two fused cyclopentane rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


calcitonin (salmon)

A 32-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Cys-Ser-Asn-Leu-Ser-Thr-Cys-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ser-Gln-Glu-Leu-His-Lys-Leu-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Thr-Asn-Thr-Gly-Ser-Gly-Thr-Pro-NH2 cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 1 and 7.


An indolamine carrying an amino group at position 5.


INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID

A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.


D-mannonic acid

The D-stereoisomer of mannonic acid.


dichloroarcyriaflavin A

An indolocarbazole compound having two chloro substituents and an additijonal fused pyrrole-2,5-dione ring.


TRIPHENYLENE

An ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.


acenaphthylene

A ortho- and peri-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon that occurs in coal tar.


FLUORANTHENE

An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.


picene

An ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is obtained during the distillation of petroleum.


A mononitrotoluene that is toluene carrying a nitro substituent at position 2.


tetraethylarsonium

An arsonium ion consisting of four ethyl groups attached to a central arsonium.


diarsene

An arsenic hydride that consists of two arsenic atoms joined by a double bond with each carrying a single hydrogen.


apholate

A member of the class of aziridines that is 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphinine substituted by aziridin-1-yl groups at positions 2,2,4,4,6, and 6. It is an insect sterilant.


That one of the three tautomers of arsole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.


PYRROLIDINE

A cyclic amine whose five-membered ring contains four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom; the parent compound of the pyrrolidine family.


pyrazolidine

An azacycloalkane that is the 1,2-diaza derivative of cyclopentane


A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from dichromic acid.


hydrogen dichromate

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in dichromic acid.


hydrogenchromate

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in chromic acid.


pentacene

An acene that consists of five ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


hexacene

An acene that consists of six ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


heptacene

An acene that consists of seven ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


cis-obtusilate

A medium-chain fatty acid anion and the conjugate base of obtusilic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


A medium-chain, unsaturated, straight-chain fatty acid anion and the conjugate base of  dec-9-enoic acid (caproleic acid), arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


nonacene

An acene that consists of nine ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


octogen

A tetrazocane that is 1,3,5,7-tetrazocane in which the hydrogen atom attached to each of the nitrogens is replaced by a nitro group.


long-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any long-chain (C13 to C22) fatty acid.


malononitrile

A dinitrile that is methane substituted by two cyano groups.


calicheamicin gamma1(I)

A calcheamicin in which contains 3-O-methyl-alpha-L-rhamnosyl, 2,6-dideoxy-4-thio-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl, and 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-2-O-[2,4-dideoxy-4-(ethylamino)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-threo-pentopyranosyl]-alpha-L-idopyranose units and in which the aromatic ring contains an iodo substituent.


A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 1st position.


A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.


A C4-dicarboxylate obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid.


(R)-10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid

A hydroxy fatty acid that is octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) in which the pro-R hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


gluconic acid

A gluconic acid having D-configuration.


PROPIOLIC ACID

A terminal acetylenic compound that is a 3-carbon, straight-chain, monounsaturated fatty acid having one acetylenic bond.


THIOBARBITURIC

A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.


bisphenol A

A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.


3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A

A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.


corrin

A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is the core macrocycle of vitamin B12.


corrole

A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is the octadehydro drivative of corrin.


chromane

A benzopyran consisting of a pyran ring having a benzene ring ortho-fused across positions 2 and 3.


CINNAMIC ALCOHOL

The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.


fundamental particle

A particle not known to have substructure.


vitamin D4

It is present in mushrooms.


monoatomic entity

A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.


coordination entity

An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands).


organic fundamental parent

An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system.


inorganic group

Any substituent group which does not contain carbon.


organic group

Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon.


hydrocarbyl group

A univalent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon.


organyl group

Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom.


atom

A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.


atomic nucleus

A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons.


nucleon

Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron.


primary amide

A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


secondary amide

A derivative of two oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which two acyl groups are attached to the amino or substituted amino group.


elemental molecular entity

A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.


organosulfur compound

An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond.


calophyllin B

A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 5 and a prenyl group at position 6.


ALPHA-TOCOTRIENOL

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been found in palm oil derived from Elaeis guineensis.


aldimine

Imines derived from aldehydes, i.e. compounds having the structure RCH=NR.


ketimine

Any imine derived from a ketone.


polyatomic anion

An anion consisting of more than one atom.


beta-tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been isolated from various cultivars of wheat.


DELTA-TOCOTRIENOL

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2.


GAMMA-TOCOTRIENOL

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. A vitamin E family member that has potent anti-cancer properties against a wide-range of cancers.


didesmethyl tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by a farnesyl chain at position 2.


vitamin D5

A vitamin D in which the side-chain at position 17 consists of a (5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl group.


nutrient

A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.


heteroorganic entity

A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.


fertilizer

A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants.


rodenticide

A substance used to destroy rodent pests.


alkali metal molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.


alkaline earth molecular entity

An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.


pnictogen

Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.


pnictogen molecular entity

A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.


chalcogen

Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.


chalcogen molecular entity

Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.


thiocarboxylic acid

An organic acid in which one or both oxygens of a carboxy group have been replaced by divalent sulfur.


carboxylic ester

An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.


polonium atom

A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).


radon atom

A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.


main group element atom

An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.


CALYCANTHINE

The principal alkaloid of the plant family Calycanthaceae.


alkylidene group

A divalent group formed from an alkane by removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom, the free valencies of which are part of a double bond.


aryl group

A group derived from an arene by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring carbon atom.


arylene group

A bivalent group derived from an arene by removal of a hydrogen atom from each of two ring carbon atoms.


rhodium atom

A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.


palladium

Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.


roentgenium atom

A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281.


3-hydroxypropionic acid

A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.


hydracid

A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


fullerene

A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.


barban

A carbamate ester that is 4-chlorobut-2-yn-1-yl ester of N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamic acid. A herbicide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Community.


(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine

An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.


cycloalkyl group

A univalent group derived from cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring carbon atom.


A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the six OH groups in orthoperiodic acid  acid.


phospho sugar

Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid.


A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of two of the five protons from orthoperiodic acid


A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of three protons from orthoperiodic acid


allylic group

The group CH2=CHCH2- (allyl) and derivatives formed by substitution.


benzylic group

Arylmethyl groups and derivatives formed by substitution: ArCR2-.


organic heterocyclyl group

A univalent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from any ring atom of an organic heterocyclic compound.


organoheteryl group

A univalent group containing carbon which has its free valence at an atom other than carbon.


phosphorus oxoacid

A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons.


A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in phosphonic acid.


A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in diphosphoniic acid.


CANDESARTAN

A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.


heteroaryl group

A heterocyclyl group derived from a heteroarene by removal of a hydrogen atom from any ring atom.


hydrocarbylene group

A bivalent group formed by removing two hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon, the free valencies of which are not engaged in a double bond.


hydrocarbylidene group

A divalent group, R2C=, formed by removing two hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom of a hydrocarbon, the free valencies of which are engaged in a double bond.


hydrocarbylidyne group

Trivalent groups, RC#, formed by removing three hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom of a hydrocarbon, the free valencies of which are engaged in a triple bond.


vinylic group

The vinyl or ethenyl group (CH2=CH-) and derivatives formed by substitution.


organosilyl group

An organyl derivative of the silyl group, R3Si-.


CANDICIDIN

A 38-membered ring lactone containing seven (E)-double bonds between positions 22 and 35 and substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11, 13, 17 and 19, oxo groups at positions 3, 7 and 15, a carboxy group at position 18, a 3-amino-3,6-dideoxymannopyranosyloxy group at position 21, a methyl group at position 36 and a 7-(4-aminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7-oxoheptan-2-yl group at position 37. It is the major component of candicidin, a mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus.


nucleosidyl group

A nucleosidyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from a nucleoside molecule.


transition element molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element.


adenosyl group

An adenosyl group is a group formed by loss of a 2'-, 3'- or 5'-hydroxy group from the ribose moiety of adenosine.


diketoaldonic acid

Dioxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldoses by replacement of two secondary CHOH groups by carbonyl groups.


glyceric acid

A trionic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.


L-arabinonic acid

The L-enantiomer of arabinonic acid.


copernicium atom

A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010.


metal atom

An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.


hydrogentellurite

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of a proton from H2TeO3


candoxatril

The 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester of the active enantiomer of candoxatrilat. Candoxatril is an orally active prodrug of candoxatrilat, a potent neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin) inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic heart failure.


sulfonate

The sulfur oxoanion formed by deprotonation of sulfonic acid.


organosulfonic acid

An organic derivative of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon.


organosulfonate oxoanion

An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.


arenesulfonic acid

Organic derivatives of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon of an aryl group.


aminobenzenesulfonic acid

Any arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid substituted by at least one amino group at unspecified position.


alpha-amino-acid anion

An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid.


p-block element atom

Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.


glycolipid

Any member of class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar part acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol part may be absent.


catechols

Any compound containing an o-diphenol component.


catecholamine

4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.


noradrenaline

A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.


L-NOREPINEPHRINE

The S-enantiomer of noradrenaline.


resorcinols

Any benzenediol in which the two hydroxy groups are meta to one another.


tetrol

A polyol that contains 4 hydroxy groups.


4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase.


carboxylic acid

A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.


sulfur-containing carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent.


main group molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.


noble gas molecular entity

A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas.


organolead compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-lead bond.


cannabidiolic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group.


cyclic compound

Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.


homocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.


carbocyclic compound

A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.


spiro compound

A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings.


polyhedrane

A polycyclic hydrocarbon of the (CH)n formula having a skeleton corresponding to the regular or semiregular geometrical solid.


CANTHAXANTHIN

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.


bromophenol

A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.


dibromophenol

A bromophenol that consists of phenol bearing two bromo substituents at unspecified positions.


An indole alkaloid that is 6H-indolo[3,2,1-de][1,5]naphthyridine substituted by an oxo group at position 6.


bicyclic compound

A molecule that features two fused rings.


ortho-fused compound

A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms.


ortho- and peri-fused compound

A polycyclic compound in which one ring contains two, and only two, atoms in common with each of two or more rings of a contiguous series of rings. Such compounds have n common faces and less than 2n common atoms.


polycyclic cage

A polycyclic compound having the shape of a cage.


olefin

Acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, apart from the formal ones in aromatic compounds. The class olefins subsumes alkenes and cycloalkenes and the corresponding polyenes.


cyclic olefin

The inclusive term for any cyclic hydrocarbon having any number of double bonds.


cycloalkene

An unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbon having at least one endocyclic double bond.


acetylenes

Acyclic (branched or unbranched) and cyclic (with or without side chain) hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.


acyclic olefin

Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bond.


alkadiene

Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds.


alkatriene

Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having three carbon-carbon double bonds.


cycloalkyne

Unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbons having one endocyclic triple bond.


cyclic acetylene

Cyclic (with or without side chain) hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.


acyclic acetylene

Acyclic (branched or unbranched) hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.


alkadiyne

Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon triple bonds.


alkatriyne

Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having three carbon-carbon triple bonds.


aliphatic compound

Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds.


alicyclic compound

An aliphatic compound having a carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.


aromatic compound

A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.


antiaromatic compound

A compound that contain 4n (n =/= 0) pi-electrons in a cyclic planar, or nearly planar, system of alternating single and double bonds.


arene

Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


annulene

A mancude monocyclic hydrocarbon without side chains of the general formula CnHn (n is an even number) or CnHn+1 (n is an odd number). In systematic nomenclature an annulene with seven or more carbon atoms may be named [n]annulene, where n is the number of carbon atoms.


aryne

An aryne is a hydrocarbon derived from an arene by abstraction of two hydrogen atoms from adjacent carbon atoms. Arynes are commonly represented with a formal triple bond.


benzyne

1,2-didehydrobenzene and its derivatives formed by substitution.


capensinidin

An anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 7, a methoxy group at  position 5 and a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 2 respectively.


heteropolycyclic compound

A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.


heterobicyclic compound

A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.


s-block molecular entity

An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.


p-block molecular entity

A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.


d-block molecular entity

A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element.


f-block molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an f-block element.


hydrides

Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.


biomacromolecule

A macromolecule formed by a living organism.


nucleic acid

A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid.


ribonucleic acid

High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins.


messenger RNA

An RNA molecule that transfers the coding information for protein synthesis from the chromosomes to the ribosomes mRNA is formed from a DNA template by transcription. It may be a copy of a single gene or of several adjacent genes (polycistronic mRNA). On the ribosome, the sequence is converted into the programmed amino acid sequence through translation.


polyatomic cation

A cation consisting of more than one atom.


alpha-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.


beta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position beta to the carboxy group.


gamma-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group.


amino-acid residue

When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue.


alpha-amino-acid residue

An amino-acid residue derived from an alpha-amino acid.


C-terminal amino-acid residue

The residue in a peptide that has a free carboxyl group, or at least does not acylate another amino-acid residue, is called C-terminal.


N-terminal amino-acid residue

The residue in a peptide that has an amino group that is free, or at least not acylated by another amino-acid residue, is called N-terminal.


C-terminal alpha-amino-acid residue

Any C-terminal amino-acid residue derived from an alpha-amino-acid.


name: N-terminal proteinogenic amino-acid residue


name: C-terminal proteinogenic amino-acid residue

description: Any C-terminal alpha-amino-acid residue derived from a proteinogenic amino acid.


name: proteinogenic amino-acid residue radical


abarelix

A polypeptide compound composed of ten natural and non-natural amino acid resiudes in a linear sequence.


cluster

A cluster is a number of metal centres grouped close together which can have direct metal bonding interactions or interactions through a bridging ligand, but are not necessarily held together by these interactions.


hexonic acid

Any aldonic acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde group of an aldohexose to a carboxylic acid group.


fuconic acid derivative

A hexonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from fuconic acid.


pentonate

An aldonate obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any pentonic acid.


gluconic acid derivative

A hexonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from gluconic acid.


mannonic acid derivative

A hexonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from a mannonic acid.


galactonic acid derivative

A hexonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from galactonic acid.


idonic acid derivative

A hexonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from idonic acid.


rhamnonic acid derivative

A hexonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from a rhamnonic acid.


capsular polysaccharide

A polysaccharide capsule that is found on the cell surface of a broad range of bacterial species and often involved in mediating direct interactions between the bacteria and its environment. Due to these interactions, capsular polysaccharides have been implicated as important virulence factors for many bacterial pathogens. The molecules are highly hydrated and composed of repeating single monosaccharide units which are joined together by glycosidic linkages. They can be homo- or heteropolymers and can be substituted  with organic molecules such as acetyl groups, or or inorganic molecules such as phosphate.


glucaric acid derivative

A hexanic acid derivative that is formally obtained from glucaric acid.


captopril

A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.


A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.


A car-3-ene (3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene) that has R configuration at position 1 and S configuration at position 6.


A form of water consisting of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen-18 atom.


oxygen-18 atom

The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 17.999160 and 0.205 atom percent natural abundance.


oxygen-16 atom

The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 15.994914. The most abundant (99.76 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen.


oxygen-17 atom

The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 16.999131. The least abundant (0.038 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen.


organic hydroxy compound

An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.


enol

Alkenols; the term refers specifically to vinylic alcohols, which have the structure HOCR'=CR2. Enols are tautomeric with aldehydes (R' = H) or ketones (R' =/= H).


ynol

Alk-1-yn-1-ols, RC#COH; tautomeric with ketenes RCH=C=O.


xylonic acid

A pentonic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of the aldehyde group of aldehydo-xylose to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


CARANINE

An indolizidine alkaloid that is  galanthan substituted by analpha-hydroxy group at position 1 and a methylenedioxy group across position 9 and 10. An alkaloid commonly found in the members of the family amaryllidaceae.


organic cyclic compound

Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.


heteroarene

A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2).


ANTHRONE

A member of the class of anthracenes that is  9,10-dihydroanthracene carrying an oxo group at C-9.


nucleoside

An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents.


macromolecule

A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


gulonic acid derivative

A hexonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from gulonic acid.


altronic acid derivative

A hexonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from altronic acid.


ANISOMYCIN

An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.


arabinonic acid derivative

A pentonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from arabinonic acid.


ribonic acid derivative

A pentonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from a ribonic acid.


xylonic acid derivative

A pentonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from xylonic acid.


monocyclic arene

A monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


polycyclic arene

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


phenols

Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.


aromatic alcohol

Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.


arenecarbaldehyde

Any aldehyde in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic moiety.


aromatic amino acid

An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring.


aromatic primary alcohol

Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.


aromatic carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.


aromatic amine

An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system.


carbamazepine

A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.


glycerate

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of glyceric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


allaric acid derivative

A hexaric acid derivative that is formally obtained from allaric acid.


idaric acid derivative

A hexanic acid derivative that is formally obtained from idaric acid.


mannaric acid derivative

A hexaric acid derivative that is formally obtained from mannaric acid.


altraric acid derivative

A hexaric acid derivative that is formally obtained from altaric acid.


CARBAMAZEPINE EPOXIDE

An  epoxide and metabolite of carbamazepine.


alpha-D-galacturonic acid

The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.


carbaryl

A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of  1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.


heptose

A seven-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldoheptose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketoheptose).


chlorins

Dihydroporphyrin compounds where saturated carbon atoms are located at the nonfused carbon atoms of one of the pyrrole rings.


corrinoid

A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C- groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking alpha positions.


aldopentose

A pentose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.


aldohexose

A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.


aldoheptose

A heptose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.


aldooctose

An octose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.


CARBENDAZIM

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls  Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.


ketoaldose

Monosaccharides which contain both an aldehydic and a ketonic carbonyl group in equilibrium with intramolecular hemiacetal forms.


sugar dianhydride

Cyclic products of condensation of two monosaccharide molecules with the elimination of two molecules of water.


dialdose

Monosaccharides containing two (potential) aldehydic carbonyl groups.


carbenicillin

A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.


carbetamide

A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of  phenylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of N-ethyl-2-hydroxypropanamide.


ribose

Any aldopentose where the open-chain form has all the hydroxy groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. Occurrs in two enantiomeric forms, D- and L-ribose, of which only the former is found in nature.


threose

A threose where the keto group is at the 2-position with the hydroxy groups at the 3- and 4-positions having threo-stereochemistry.


ketoheptose

A heptose with a (potential) ketone group at the 2-position.


psicose derivative

A deoxyketohexose derivative that is formally obtained from a psicose.


psicose

A ketohexose that is the C-3 epimer of fructose.


sorbose derivative

A ketohexose derivative that is formally obtained from a sorbose.


tagatose derivative

A ketohexose derivative that is formally obtained from a tagatose.


tagatose

A ketohexose used as a functional sweetener.


ribulose derivative

A ketopentose derivative that is formally obtained from ribulose.


xylulose derivative

A ketopentose derivative that is formally obtained from xyulose.


metallocene

Organometallic coordination compounds in which one atom of a transition metal such as iron, ruthenium or osmium is bonded to and only to the face of two cyclopentadienyl [eta(5)-(C5H5)] ligands which lie in parallel planes. The term should not be used for analogues having rings other than cyclopentadienyl as ligands.


carbinoxamine

An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.


quinovose

A deoxyglucose that is glucose in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been replaced by a hydrogen.


L-fucose

Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.


(-)-CATECHIN

The (-)-enantiomer of catechin.


(1R,2S)-naphthalene 1,2-oxide

A naphthalene 1,2-oxide (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer).


(1S,2R)-naphthalene 1,2-oxide

A naphthalene 1,2-oxide (the 1S,2R-stereoisomer).


(9R,13R)-12-oxophytodienoic acid

The (9R,13R)-diastereomer of 12-oxophytodienoic acid.


The (R)-enantiomer of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.


(S)-ATPA

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-isooxazol-4-yl group.


carboprost

Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydrogen at position 15 is substituted by methyl (S configuration). It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.


A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.


tert-butyl benzoate

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with tert-butanol.


A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. It has been found in  Centaurium erythraea.


A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 4.


A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.


A CDP-diacylglycerol in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as dodecanoyl.


A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene.


CARBOXIN

An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.


The parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles.


BROMOHYDRIN PYROPHOSPHATE

An alkyl diphosphate having bromohydrin as the alkyl group.


A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol where arachidonoyl forms the 1-acyl group.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is progesterone which has been oxidised to introduce a double bond between positions 1 and 2.


A triacylglycerol 46:0 in which the acyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 3 are specified as dodecanoyl, hexadecanoyl and octadecanoyl respectively.


A phosphatidylglycerol in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as palmitoyl and oleoyl respectively.


PHOSPHORIC ACID MONOMETHYL ESTER

A monoalkyl phosphate having methyl as the alkyl group.


A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine compound with a palmitoyl group at the 1-position and an oleoyl group at the 2-position.


2-phospholactic acid

The phosphoric acid monoester resulting from formal condensation of the alcohol group of lactic acid with phosphoric acid.


An optically active 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-diphosphate compound having a 1-hexadecanoyl substituent at the O-1 position and a (Z)-octadec-9-enoyl substituent at the O-2 position.


A mononitronaphthalene substituted by a nitro group at position 1.


A nitroarene that is pyrene substituted at the 1-position by a nitro group. A by-product of combustion,  it is the predominant nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emitted in a diesel engine.


A phosphatidylcholine (O-16:0/18:1) in which the alkyl and the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are hexadecyl and oleoyl respectively.


A 1-n-hexadecyl analogue of an optically active alkylglycerol compound.


BATILOL

An alkylglycerol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding octadecyl ether. It is used in cosmetics as a stabilising ingredient and skin-conditioning agent.


An alkenyl alcohol with a structure based on a C8 unbranched chain with the hydroxy group at C-2 and unsaturation at C-1-C-2. It is a major volatile compound present in many mushrooms and fungi.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is tridecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


An 11-HETE in which the chiral centre at position 11 has R-configuration.


An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.


A trihydroxyicosatrienoic acid that is (5Z,8Z,12E)-icosatrienoic acid in which the three hydroxy groups are located at positions 11, 14 and 15.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.


A HETE having a (12R)-hydroxy group and (5Z)-, (8Z)-, (10E)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


A HPETE that is (5Z,8Z,10E,12R,14Z)-icosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid with the hydroperoxy group located at position 12 (the R-enantiomer).


A HETE having a (12S)-hydroxy group and (5Z)-, (8Z)-, (10E)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having a 12-oxo group; and (5Z)-, (8Z), (10E)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


An HODE (hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroxy group is at position 13 (with S-configuration).


An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 14,15-double bond of arachidonic acid.


15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2

A prostaglandin J derivative comprising prostaglandin J2 lacking the 15-hydroxy group and having C=C double bonds at the 12- and 14-positions.


An androstanoid that is testosterone substituted by a alpha-hydroxy group at position 15. A natural product found in Daphnia magna exposed to the biocide tributyltin.


A 16-HETE in which the chiral centre at position 16 has R-configuration.


ALGESTONE ACETOPHENIDE

A 20-oxo steroid that is the cyclic ketal resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy groups of algestone with acetophenone.


A C19-steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at the 16alpha position has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A HETE having a (19S)-hydroxy group and all-cis double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.


An organochlorine compound formed formally by chlorination of biphenyl-3-ol at C-2', -3', -4' and -5'.


carisoprodol

A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol  interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.


An member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls formed formally by chlorination of biphenyl-3-ol at C-2' and -5'.


A hexachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2, 3, and 5 positions of each of the benzene rings are replaced by chlorines.


A hexachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both of the phenyl rings are substituted at positons 2, 4, and 6 by chlorines.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by chlorines.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, 5, and 2' are replaced by chlorines.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 5 position of each benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.


carlinoside

A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted at positions 8 and 6 by alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues respectively.


A trichlorobiphenyl that is 1,4-dichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a 3-chlorophenyl group.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are positions at positions 2, 3, 4, and 4'.


A trichlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 4 on one of the benzene rings are replaced by chlorines.


A tetrachlorobenzene formed formally by chlorination of biphenyl-4,4'-diol at C-2, -3, -5 and -6.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, 5, and 6.


A trichlorobiphenyl that is 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group.


A dialkylglycerol that is glycerol alkylated at positions 1 and 2 by phytanyl groups with (R)-configuration at position 2.


2,3-dinor-8-epi-prostaglandin F1alpha

A prostanoid that is prostaglandin F1alpha lacking two methylenes in the carboxyalkyl chain and having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.


carmustine

A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.


A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a p-chlorophenyl group.


An aminotoluene that is para-toluidine with an additional amino group at position 2.


A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by bromines.


carnitinium

A quaternary ammonium ion that is the the conjugate acid of carnitine.


A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4.


A nitroaniline consisting of an aniline core having two nitro substituents located at the 2- and 4-positions.


A dichloroaniline carrying chloro groups at positions 2 and 5.


A dichlorobiphenyl that is p-dichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.


BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE

A member of the class of  phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl-4-ol with chlorine atoms substituted at positions 2 and 6.


A dichlorobiphenyl that is 1,3-dichlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a phenyl group.


ANTHRAFLAVICACID

A  dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene substituted by hydroxy groups at C-3 and C-7 and oxo groups at C-9 and C-10.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 2 and 6.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl-4,4'-diol in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a chlorine.


A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.


A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which one of the ortho- hydrogens has been replaced by chlorine.


A member of the class of toluenes carrying an ethyl group at the ortho-position.


oxybenzone

A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.


2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate

An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.


1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.


2-methoxyhexadecanoic acid

A long chain fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid carrying a methoxy substituent at position 2; naturally occurring only in the phospholipids of sponges.


An acyl-CoA thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-naphthoic acid..


2-oxodecanoic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is decanoic acid carrying an oxo group at position 2.


A member of the class of phenols that is phenol carrying a butan-2-yl group at position 2.


FENOBUCARB

A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 2-sec-butylphenol with methylcarbamic acid.


A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.


A 24-hydroxycholesterol that has S configuration at position 24. It is the major metabolic breakdown product of cholesterol in the brain.


27-O-demethylrifamycin SV

A member of the class of rifamycins that is rifamycin SV lacking the O-methyl group at position 27.


POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL 126

A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.


A dichlorobiphenyl that is 1,3-dichlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a phenyl group.


(2Z)-3-bromohept-2-enoic acid

A hept-2-enoic acid carrying a bromo- substituent at C-3.


carpaine

An alkaloid that forms a major component of the papaya leaves and has been shown to exhibit cardiovascular effects.


3-formylsalicylic acid

A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a formyl group.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is phenol in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group.


carpropamid

A cyclopropylcarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,2-dichloro-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylamine. A rice fungicide with specific action against Pyricularia oryzae. It is not highly toxic to mammals but shows a moderate level of toxicity to birds, fish and earthworms.


A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.


A member of the class of 3-nitrophenols that is phenol in which one of the hydrogens that is meta to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.


carrageenan

A family of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from red seaweeds. The name is derived from a common name of red algae Chondrus crispus, "carrageen moss" (Irish moss).


HYDROXYPREGNENOLONE

A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17alpha.


TETRAMETHYLSCUTELLAREIN

A tetramethoxyflavone that is the tetra-O-methyl derivative of  scutellarein.


A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4' and 6.


A member of the class of  chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4'.


A dichlorobiphenyl carrying chloro groups at positions 4 and 4' respectively.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl with hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4'.


A sulfone that is diphenyl sulfone in which both of the para hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups.


monobenzone

The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone.  It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.


fampridine

An aromatic amine that is pyridine bearing a single amino substituent at position 4. An orphan drug in the US, it is used to improve walking in adults with multiple sclerosis.


chloroxylenol

A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.


CHLOROCRESOL

A hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4. A ryanodine receptor agonist.


4-CHLORO CHALCONE

A member of the class of  chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a chloro group at position 4.


carvacrol

A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of  bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).


A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by an ethyl group at position 4, a hydroxy group at position 7 and a p-methoxyphenyl group at position 3 respectively.


carvedilol

A member of the class of carbazoles that is an adrenergic antagonist with non-selective beta- and alpha-1 receptor blocking properties which helps in the management of congestive heart failure.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is phenol substituted in the 3-position by chlorine and in the 4-position by a 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenyl group.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.


A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.


caryoptin

A diterpenoid isolated from Caryopteris divaricata.


A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by an octyl group.


P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide bearing a methyl group at position 4.


A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.


A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a  tert-butyl group at position 4.


The nitrile obtained by formal condensation of (Z,Z,Z)-octadeca-4,7,10-trienoic acid with ammonia.


5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene which is substituted at position 6 by a carboxylic acid group.


A member of the class tetralins that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene which is substituted at position 6 by a hydroxy group.


5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 5,6-double bond of arachidonic acid.


A member of the class of naphthols that is 2-naphthol carrying an additional bromo substituent at position 6.


A monohydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position.


A glutathione derivative in which the hydrogen of the side-chain thiol function of glutathione is substituted by a 7-hydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[pqr]tetraphen-8-yl group.


A monohydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7.


A HETE having an (8R)-hydroxy group and (5Z)-, (9E)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


The 8(R)-isomer of HPODE.


A HETE having an (8S)-hydroxy group and (5Z)-, (9E)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


A HPETE in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 8S and the four double bonds at position 5, 9, 11 and 14 (the 5Z,9E,11Z,14Z-geoisomer).


An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 8,9-double bond of arachidonic acid.


An EpOME obtained by formal epoxidation of the 9,10-double bond of octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (the 12Z-geoisomer).


A HETE having a (9S)-hydroxy group and (5Z)-, (7E)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid

A 9-HODE in which the 9-hydroxy group has S-stereochemistry.


A 9-HPETE in which the 9-hydroxy group has S stereochemistry.


An HPODE (hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 10 and 12 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 9 (S configuration). It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway for linoleic acid.


A TriHOME that is (11E)-octadec-11-enoic acid in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 9, 10 and 13.


8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha

An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.


pinellic acid

A trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid with hydroxy groups at positions C-9, -12, and 13, and an E (cis) double bond at position 10.


9-anthroic acid

An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.


ACEPHATE

A  phosphoramide that is  methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.


adipoyl-CoA

An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of adipic acid.


cassaidine

A tricyclic diterpenoid that is is isolated from several plant species including Erythrophleum guineense and Erythrophleum ivorense. It is toxic with a digitalis like effect on the heart and a strong local anesthetic action.


cassaine

A tricyclic diterpenoid isolated from several plant species of the genus Erythrophleum.


vasopressin

The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.


BENZO[B]FLUORANTHENE

An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring.


BENZO[E]PYRENE

An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is listed as a Group 3 carcinogen by the IARC.


bisphenol F

A bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups.


bisphenol A dimethacrylate

A bisphenol that is bisphenol A condensed with two molecules of methacrylic acid.


boldenone undecylenate

An  3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It is an  anabolic androgenic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use.


bromobutide

A monocarboxylic acid amide having a 2-phenylpropan-2-yl substituent attached to the amide nitrogen and a 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon.


BROMODICHLOROMETHANE

A halomethane that is dichloromethane in which oneof the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. It occurs as a contaminant in drinking water.


A bornane monoterpenoid that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 7 and 7 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 3.


CAPTAN

A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.


cefaloglycin

A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.


CHINOMETHIONAT

A dithioloquinoxaline that results from the formal condensation of 6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-dithiol with phosgene. It has been used as a fungicide and acaricide for the control of mites and powdery mildew on citrus, vegetables, and walnuts, but is not approved for use in the EU.


CHLORPROPHAM

A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of 3-chlorophenylcarbamic acid.


CHLORPYRIFOS

An  organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.


CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL

An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.


clofibric acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.


colistimethate sodium

A mixture where R = H or Me. Colistin in which each of the primary amino groups is converted to the corresponding aminomethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, commonly by the action of formaldehyde followed by sodium bisulfite. A polymyxin antibiotic derivative, it is used in the treatment of severe infections, particularly of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.


compactin diol lactone

A carbobicyclic compound that is ML-236C substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8S. It is a fungal metabolite isolated from Penicillium citrinum and exhibits anticholesteremic activity.


ISOPROPYLBENZENE

An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group.


cyclopropylamine

A primary aliphatic amine that consists of cyclopropane bearing a single amino substituent.


decachlorobiphenyl

A polychlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.


DEVAPAMIL

A nitrile that acts as an L-type calcium channel blocker.


dextran sulfate

A polymer composed of repeating (1->6)-alpha-linked anhydroglucose sulfate units.


bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of adipic acid with 2-ethylhexan-1-ol. It is used as a plasticiser in the preparation of various polymers.


diheptyl phthalate

The diheptyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


dipentyl phthalate

A  phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


DIMPYLATE

A member of the class of  pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.


dibutyl phthalate

A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of  butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.


dichloroacetyl chloride

The acyl chloride obtained by displacement of the hydroxy group of dichloroacetic acid by chloride.


CATHARANTHINE BASE

An organic heteropentacyclic compound and monoterpenoid indole alkaloid produced by the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus via strictosidine.


dichlorvos

An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.


DICOFOL

A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


DIELDRIN

An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.


DIETHYL PHTHALATE

The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


SULFURIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER

The diethyl ester of sulfuric acid.


DIFLUBENZURON

A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.


DHβE

An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene.


dihydrogenistein

A hydroxyisoflavanone comprising isoflavanone carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 5, 7 and 4'.


DIMETHOATE

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.


DINITROCHLOROBENZENE

A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.


DINOSEB

A  racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dinoseb.


cathenamine

A yohimban alkaloid with formula C21H22N2O3, produced by Catharanthus roseus and Rauvolfia serpentina plant species.


diphenyl carbonate

A carbonate ester that is the diphenyl ester of carbonic acid.


dizocilpine

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ortho-fused to two benzene rings at positions 2-3 and 6-7 (the 5S,10R-stereoisomer). It is a non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and affects cognitive function, learning, and memory.


dodecanamide

A fatty amide of  lauric acid.


domoic acid

An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).


dopamine 4-O-sulfate

An aryl sulfate that is dopamine in which the phenolic hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a sulfo group.


EDIFENPHOS

An organic thiophosphate that is the O-ethyl-S,S-diphenyl ester of phosphorodithioic acid.  Used to control a variety of fungal diseases on rice including blast, ear blight and stem rot. Edifenphos is moderately toxic to mammals and fish but poses more of a risk to aquatic invertebrates.


EQUILENIN

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mare's and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.


pentolonium

A dication whose structure comprises a pentane backbone linking two 1-methylpyrrolidinium groups; a nicotinic antagonist used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.


ethisterone

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.


diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of  anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.


FENITROTHION

An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.


FENPICLONIL

A member of the class of pyrroles carrying cyano and 2,3-dichlorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. A fungicide used mainly to control seed-borne pathogens in cereal crops.


fenthion

An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits  acaricidal and insecticidal activities.


FURFURAL

An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.


GLYCITEIN

A  methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis.


glyoxal

The dialdehyde that is the smallest possible and which consists of ethane having oxo groups on both carbons.


cefaclor

A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


hepoxilin B3

A hepoxilin having (5Z,9E,14Z) double bond stereochemistry, a 10-hydroxy substituent and an (11S,12S)-epoxy group.


HEPTACHLOR

A cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene substituted by chlorine atoms at positions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8. Formerly used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations.


HEPTANAL

An n-alkanal resulting from the oxidation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of heptan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde. An endogenous aldehyde coming from membrane lipid oxidation, it is found in the blood of lung cancer patients and has been regarded as a potential biomarker of lung cancer.


cefadroxil

A cephalosporin bearing methyl and  (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


histrionicotoxin

An azaspiro compound that is 1-azaspiro[5.5]undecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8, a but-1-en-3-yn-1-yl group at position 7 and a pent-3-en-1-yn-5-yl group at position 2 (the 2S,6R,7S,8S stereoisomer).


cefamandole

A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.


isophorone

A cyclic ketone, the structure of which is that of cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5.


ISOXATHION

An organic thiophosphate  that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 5-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group.


lactobacillic acid

An 11,12-methyleneoctadecanoic acid having (11R,12S)-configuration.


A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.


cefclidin

A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (4-carbamoyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


methyl methacrylate

An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.


METRIBUZIN

A member of the class of  1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.


mevastatin

A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.


mibolerone

An androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17.


cefdinir

A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups.


thiouracil

A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.


MORPHOLINE

An organic heteromonocyclic compound whose six-membered ring contains four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom that lies opposite to each other; the parent compound of the morpholine family.


N,N'-DIPHENYL-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE

An N-substituted diamine that is 1,4-phenylenediamine in which one hydrogen from each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group.


An N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as 30-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]triacontanoyl.


N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE

A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.


A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).


cefluprenam

A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (1E)-3-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)(ethyl)methylazaniumyl]prop-1-en-1-yl and {(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-[(fluoromethoxy)imino]acetyl}amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


nickel dichloride

A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.


cefmetazole

A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.


NOCODAZOLE

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidalole which is substituted at position 2 by a (methoxycarbonyl)amino group and at position 5 by a 2-thienoyl group. It is an antineoplastic agent that exerts its effect by depolymerising microtubules.


name: NORCHOLESTENOL IODOMETHYL (131I) [INJECTION]


OCTADECANOIC ACID AMIDE

A fatty amide of stearic acid.


PARAQUAT

An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.


PAXILLINE

An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.


PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE

A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


cefonicid

A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.