An organophosphonate oxoanion that is a nitrophenyl phosphonate hapten and transition-state analogue derived from pentanoic acid, with affinity for the germline precursor to catalytic antibody 48G7.


N-OXALYLGLYCINE

An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.


N-ethylmaleimide

A member of the class of  maleimides that is the N-ethyl derivative of maleimide.


A C-nitro compound that is the 4-({5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-2,4-dinitrophenyl}amino) derivative of TEMPO (PDB entry: 1BAF).


METHYL NONANOATE (ESTER)

A fatty acid methyl ester obtained from the formal condensation of methanol and nonanoic acid; a colourless liquid with a fruity odour, used in perfumes and flavours, and for medical research.


desmopressin

A synthetic analogue of vasopressin in which 3-mercaptopropionic acid replaces the cysteine residue at position 1 and D-arginine replaces the residue at position 8. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used (usually as the trihydrate of the acetic acid salt) to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function.


NOGALAMYCIN

An anthracycline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces nogalater. It is a DNA intercalator and exhibits anticancer properties.


(S)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid

The (S)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid. Derived from the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids, it belongs to the 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid group of amino acid metabolites.


O-methyl-L-threonine

An L-threonine derivative that is L-threonine with a methyl group replacing the hydrogen on the hydroxy side chain.


A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 6-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamido]caproic acid, formed ny proton loss from the carboxy group.


(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid

An octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid having (10E,12Z)-configuration.


An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having 3-oxododecanoyl as the acyl substituent.


An aminopyrimidine compound having its amino substituent at the 4-position together with methyl and aminomethyl substituents at the 2- and 5-positions respectively.


2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinic acid

An organosulfinic acid that is benzenesulfinic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group.


A peroxide-bridged anthracene substituted at the bridgeheads with methyl and carboxyethyl groups.


A retinoid that is all-trans-retinol in which the hydrogens at position 4 have been replaced by an oxo group.


A dicarboxylic acid monoamide of glutaric acid containing benzene and oxidopiperidine moieties; a transition state analogue hapten used to elicit catalytic antibodies 5C8 and 14B9.


DEVAZEPIDE

An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.


An N-acylamino acid consisting of 6-aminohexanoic acid bearing an N-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl substituent.


An oxopurine that is guanine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 8.


A nicotinamide dinucleotide comprising NADH having an (S)-2-propylisonicotinoyl group at the 4-position on the dihydronicotinamide ring.


A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which a hydrogen at the 3 pro-S position is replaced by a 3-oxododecanamido group.


AFIMOXIFENE

A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.


2'-O-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate

A guanosine 5'-phosphate that is the 2'-O-methyl derivative of guanosine 5'-monophosphate.


TERT-BUTYLAMINE

A primary aliphatic amine that is ethylamine substituted by two methyl groups at position 1.


2'-O-methyluridine 5'-monophosphate

A uridine 5'-phosphate that is the 2'-O-methyl derivative of uridine 5'-monophosphate.


okadaic acid

A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish.  A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.


OLOMOUCINE

A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.


A polyether that consists of undecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 3, 6 and 9 are replaced by oxygen atoms.


2'-O-methylcytidine 5'-monophosphate

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is CMP monomethylated at position O-2'


The L-enantiomer of ornithinium(2+).


An N(5)-acyl-L-ornithine in which the the acyl group is specified as acetyl.


GLUCOSAMINE

A 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


3-oxooctanoic acid

A derivative of octanoic acid carrying a beta-oxo group; a possible metabolite of 2-octynoic acid.


dexamfetamine

A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.


PHOSPHONOACETOHYDROXAMATE

The hydroxamate of phosphonoacetic acid.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine having a dodecanoyl group at the 1-position and a pentacosanoyl group at the 2-position.


dextromethorphan

A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.


compound 6a [PMID: 18942826]

A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 4.


dezocine

(7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.


A D-alanine derivative arising from reductive N-alkylation of D-alanine by pyridoxal-5-phosphate.


homogentisic acid

A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions.


formylmethyl hexaethylene glycol

A hydroxypolyether aldehyde comprising hexaethylene glycol having one of the terminal hydroxy groups substituted by formylmethoxy.


An L-lysine derivative arising from reductive alkylation of the N(2)-position of L-lysine by pyridoxal-5-phosphate.


hexaethylene glycol monophosphate

A hydroxypolyether phosphate consisting of hexaethylene glycol carrying a single O-phospho group.


An alanine derivative arising from reductive N-alkylation of L-alanine by pyridoxal-5-phosphate.


oregon green 488

A xanthene dye having two fluoro substituents at the 2- and 7-positions and a 2,4-dicarboxyphenyl group at the 9-position.


tetradecaethylene glycol

A poly(ethylene glycol) containing 14 ethyleneoxy units.


diacetylmonoxime

A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.


A tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 4 and which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 (the 2R,4S diastereoisomer).


A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.


A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.


name: heptacosaethylene glycol monomethyl ether


A hydroxypolyether that is the monomethyl ether derivative of diethylene glycol.


A dihydropterin that is 7,8-dihydropteridin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 6 by amino and hydroxymethyl groups respectively.


triglyme

A  polyether that consists of dodecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 2, 5, 8 and 11 are replaced by oxygen atoms.


A 3-acyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) in which the acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl); major species at pH 7.3.


A dithiol that is propane substituted by thiol groups at positions 1 ans 3.


DIALLYLDISULFIDE

An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium.


TPP+

A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.


A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.


An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of (S)-1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, arising from protonation of the amino group.


phosphoenolpyruvic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.


2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol

An organofluorine compound that is benzyl alcohol substituted  by fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.


A L-phenylalanine derivative that is L-phenylalanine in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.


propofol

A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.


A 4-(phosphonomethyl)phenylalanine that has L-configuration.


TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL

A poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.


N-(p-nitrophenylphosphobutanoyl)glycine

A C-nitro compound that is the N-(p-nitrophenylphosphobutyryl) derivative of glycine; a cognate transition state analogue of the esterase-like catalytic antibody D2.3.


acepromazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.


A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.8 at 20 degreeC.


p-nitrobenzyl glutaryl glycinic acid

A glycine derivative in which a glycine core carries an N-{5-[(4-nitrobenzyl)amino]-5-oxopentanoyl} substituent.


4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate

A C-nitro compound that is a phosphonate transition state analogue with affinity for catalytic antibody (esterase) CNJ206.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl) and (11Z)-octadec-9-enoyl respectively.


diazoxide

A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.


A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of hydroxyphosphanone.


D-alpha-phenylglycine

The R stereoisomer of alpha-phenylglycine.


The L-enantiomer of 4-iodophenylalanine.


PHOSPHONIC ACID

A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to a single hydrogen and two hydroxy groups and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphonic acids.


An N-[4-(4-nitrophenylphospho)butanoyl]alanine that has R at the chiral carbon.


A glycerophosphoinositol phosphate having a 1-O,2-O-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho moiety attached at the 1-position of 1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bis(phosphate).


A dihydroxypyrrolidine that consists of 5-hydroxymethylpyrrolidine-3,4-diol bearing a 4-aminophenyl substituent at position 2 (the 2S,3S,4R,5R-diastereomer).


2-phospho-L-lactic acid

The (S)-enantiomer of 2-phospholactic acid.


A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group.


compound 1 [PMID: 17935984]

A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are replaced by 2-ethoxyethyl and 4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy groups. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of matrix MMP-13 (metalloproteinase-13, collagenase 3).


A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.


An organic phosphonate and derivative of hexanoic acid and cognate transition state analogue of the esterase-like catalytic antibody D2.3.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-deazaguanine substituted at position 7 by a cyano group.


pentamidine

A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A  trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.


L-phenylalaninol

An amino alcohol resulting from the formal reduction of the carboxy group of L-phenylalanine to the corresponding alcohol.


A urobilin that consists of 3,18-diethyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,4,5,15,16,19,22,24-octahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19 (the 4S,10Z,16R-iseomer).


dicloxacillin

A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.


An organofluorine compound that is 4-benzoylpyrazole in which the phenyl is substituted at position 3 by a (2,3-dihydroxypropyl)oxy group and in which the pyrazole moiety is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by a 4-fluorophenyl group and an amino group, respectively.


A phosphatidylinositol where the 1- and 2-O-acyl groups are hexadecanoyl and heptadecanoyl respectively.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-deazaguanine bearing an aminomethyl substituent at the 7 position.


METHYL PHOSPHONATE

A one-carbon compound that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus is substituted by a methyl group.


dicumarol

A hydroxycoumarin that is methane in which two hydrogens have each been substituted by a 4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl group. Related to warfarin, it has been used as an anticoagulant.


PIVALATE

A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position.


dicyclomine

The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.


PYROQUILON

A pyrroloquinoline that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline in which the hydrogens at position 4 are replaced by an oxo group. A fungicide used to control rice blast, it is not approved wof use within the European Union.


PYROMELLITIC ACID

A tetracarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by four carboxy groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively.


THIOPROLINE

An optically active version of thioproline having L-configuration.


dienestrol

An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


A 1-acyl-2-dodecanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate in which the 1-acyl group is also dodecanoyl (lauroyl).


DIETHENOFENCARB

A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of (3,4-diethoxyphenyl)carbamic acid. A fungicide with strong activity against Botrytis cinerea and benzimidazole-resistant strains of Botryis spp.


A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from diphosphoric acid.


nicotinyl alcohol

A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 3 .


Pyridine substituted at C-2 by a sulfanyl group.


DIHYDROLIPOIC ACID

The (R)-enantiomer and bioactive form of dihydrolipoic acid.


name: PHOSPHORIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER PHENYL ESTER


DIMYRISTOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE

A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).


ribostamycin

An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).


6-deoxyinosine 5'-phosphate

The 5'-monophosphate of 6-deoxyinosine.


A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by pentan-2-ylamino and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl groups, respectively.


pyrazinamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.


HEXADECANE

A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.


diethylpropion

An  aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.


ciclopirox

A cyclic hydroxamic acid that is 1-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6 are substituted by methyl and cyclohexyl groups, respectively. A broad spectrum antigfungal agent, it also exhibits antibacterial activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and has anti-inflammatory properties. It is used a a topical treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.


PI 3-Kg inhibitor

A quinoxaline derivative  that is quinoxaline in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a (2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl group. It is a potent inhibitor of the PI3Kgamma, with an IC50 of 8 nM and inhibits the progression of joint inflammation and damage in both lymphocyte-independent and dependent mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis.


seliciclib

2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.


vidarabine

A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.


difenoxin

A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl group.


A sterol ester that is the O-succinoyl derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.


phosphoramidon

A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.


tetramethylrosamine

An iminium ion that is the 6-dimethylamino derivative of N,N-dimethyl-9-phenyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium. Used in the form of its chloride salt as a red-orange fluorescent dye.


diffutin

A  flavan glycoside that is (2S)-flavan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 5 respectively.


A pyrimidone that is thymine which is substituted at position 6 by a [(4R,5R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)thymin-5-yl]methyl group.


difloxacin

A quinolone that is pefloxacin in which the ethyl group at position 1 of the quinolone has been replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group. A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is used (usually as the monohydrochloride salt) for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs.


sulfanilamide

A sulfonamide in which the sulfamoyl functional group is attached to aniline at the 4-position.


methylcarbamic acid

An amino acid consisting of carbamic acid having an N-methyl substituent.


(R)-styrene oxide

The (R)-enantiomer of styrene oxide.


TMP

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate in which the pyrimidine element is 5-methyluracil. Derived from breakdown of an RNA molecule, typically a tRNA modified at position 54 (U to T).


pyrithiamine pyrophosphate

A pyridinium ion that is the O-pyrophosphoryl derivative of pyrithiamine.


ritonavir

An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.


(S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid

2-Hydroxypropylphosphonic acid with S configuration at the chiral centre.


An optically active tetramine epitope consisting of three separate amino substituents attached to a central carbon.


PROPIONAMIDE

A  monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of propionic acid with ammonia.


A D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate with an beta-configuration at anomeric position.


N-acetyl-L-serine

An N-acetyl-L-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is L-serine. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.


sinefungin

An adenosine that is the the delta-(5'-adenosyl) derivative of ornithine.


A triamino-1,3,5-triazine having a polysubstituted naphthalene group attached to one of the exocyclic nitrogens.


RICINOLEIC ACID

A straight-chain, 18:1, long-chain fatty acid having a trans- double bond at position 9 and an R-oriented hydroxy group at position 12.


A retinal in which the double bond alpha- to the aldehyde group has cis configuration, whilst the remaining acyclic double bonds have trans configuration.


RIBAVIRIN MONOPHOSPHATE

A 1-ribosyltriazole that is ribavirin in which the hydroxy group at the 5'-position is replaced by a phosphonooxy group. It is the active metabolite of the antiviral agent ribavirin.


A steroid ester that is the O-succinoyl derivative of 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.


3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYBENZOIC ACID

A benzoic acid derivative carrying 3-, 4- and 5-methoxy substituents.


digoxin

A  cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.


(R)-2-methylbutyric acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 2-methylbutanoic acid.


dihydroanhydropodorhizol

A member of the class of butan-4-olides carrying 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl and (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


L-rhamnitol

A hexitol that is 1-deoxy derivative of L-mannitol.


Reactive Red 6 hapten

A bis(azo) compound that consists of a 1,3,5-triazine core having two (5-hydroxy-1,3-disulfo-2naphthyl)amino groups at positions 2 and 6, each of which is further substituted with a 2-hydroxy-5-sulfophenylazo group.


5-hydroxypentanoic acid

An omega-hydroxy fatty acid consisting of pentanoic acid carrying a hydroxy group at C-5.


HEPTANOATE

A C7, straight-chain fatty acid that contributes to the odour of some rancid oils. Used in the preparation of esters for the fragrance industry, and as an additive in cigarettes.


4-(4-styrylphenylcarbamoyl)butyric acid

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxyl groups of glutaric acid with the amino group of 4-aminostilbene.


RTP

A 1-ribosyltriazole that is ribavirin in which the hydroxy group at the 5'-position is replaced by a triphosphate group. It is the active metabolite of the antiviral agent ribavirin.


A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane which is substituted at the 1-pro-S, 3-pro-S, and 4-pro-R positions by thymin-1-yl, hydroxy, and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively.


dihydroconiferyl alcohol

A member of class of phenols that is 2-methoxyphenol substituted by a 3-hydroxypropyl group at position 4.


SALICYLHYDROXAMIC ACID

A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxybenzamide carrying a phenolic hydroxy group at position 2.


The (R)-enantiomer of 1-phenylethanol.


(R)-monothioglycerol

A monothioglycerol that has R configuration.


dihydroergotamine

Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.


adenosine 5'-monophosphate(2-)

A nucleoside 5'-monophosphate(2-) that results from the removal of two protons from the phosphate group of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP).


A nucleoside 5'-diphosphate(3-) arising from deprotonation of all three diphosphate OH groups of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP); major species present at pH 7.3.


3-deoxy-D-arabino-hexonic acid

A hexonic acid that is 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid carrying a hydroxy group at positions 2S, 4S and 5R.


LEVULINIC ACID

An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.


A member of the class of guanidines obtained by replacement of one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself by a (1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)oxypropyl group.


A N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and stearoyl as the N-acyl group.


succinylcholine

A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.


The cartenoid ether that is the methyl ether of (3E,13cis)-3,4-didehydro-1,2,7',8'-tetrahydro-psi,psi-caroten-1-ol


S-methylcysteine

A cysteine derivative that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a methyl group.


An amino trisaccharide consisting of N-acetylneuraminic acid, D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by (2->3) and (1->4) glycosidic bonds.


A piperidone that consists of 3-hydroxybutanoic acid substituted at position 2 by a 3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-oxopiperidin1-yl group.


SDZ 35-682

An aromatic ether that consists of glycerol in which the hydrogen of the 1-hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-cyclohexylphenyl moiety and the 3-hydroxy function is substituted by a 4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl group.


A flavin adenine dinucleotide that is FADH2 bearing an N-sulfo substituent at position 5 of the flavin ring system..


A carotenoid ether that is the 3,4-dihydro derivative of the tetraterpenoid spheroidene.


resveratrol

A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.


vorinostat

A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and  hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).


THERMINE

A polyazaalkane consisting of a 13-membered straight chain alkane with aza-groups at the 1-, 5-, 9- and 13-positions.


An ammonium ion obtained by the protonation of all four amino groups of spermine.


troleandomycin

A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.


An 5-S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose that has the 1alpha-D-ribofuranose configuration.


N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid

N-Acetylneuraminic acid with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.


An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of (4R)-4-methyl-L-glutamic acid resulting from the deprotonation of the alpha-carboxy group. It is a potent agonist of the kainate receptors GluK1 and GluK2.


A L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted at position 5 by a carboxymethyl group.


dipropyl disulfide

An organic disulfide where the alkyl groups specified are propyl. It is a component of the essential oils obtained from Allium.


STREPTOLYDIGIN

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lydicus.


imatinib

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzoic acid with the primary aromatic amino group of 4-methyl-N(3)-[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diamine. Used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.


DIHYDROPINOSYLVIN

A member of the class of resorcinols carrying an additional 2-phenylethyl substituent at position 5.


triethylammonium ion

An organoammonium cation having three ethyl substituents on the nitrogen atom.


beta-D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

A D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


2-thienylacetic acid

A thiophene compound having a carboxymethyl group at the 2-position.


A pteroic acid derivative arising from formal hydrogenation of the 7,8-double bond of pteroic acid.


N-octanoylsphingosine

An N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as octanoyl.


DIHYDRORESVERATROL

A stilbenol that is 1,1'-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene with hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4'.


SYRINGATE

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of carboxy group of  syringic acid with methanol.


N-acetyl-L-threonine

A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-threonine.


p-Ts-L-Lys-Me

A methyl ketone that is L-lysine with an alpha-amine hydrogen substituted with a 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (tosyl) group and a methyl group replacing the hydroxy of the carboxylic acid.


paclitaxel

A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name 'taxol' is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark.


A dTDP-sugar having 4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose as the sugar component. It is an intermediate in dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis.


estriol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A  steroid glucosiduronic acid that is the 3-beta-D-glucuronide of estriol; a steroid hormone ligand recognised by the monoclonal antibody 4155.


trifluoroacetyl group

A univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of trifluoroacetic acid.


TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID

A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.


TERT-BUTANOL

A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


1-naphthol hydrogenated at C-5, -6, -7 and -8.


suramin

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.


dihydrotachysterol

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is 9,10-secoergosta-5,7,22-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. A synthetic analogue of vitamin D that acts a bone density conservation agent.


A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted at positions 1, 5, and 6 by benzyloxymethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl groups, respectively.


TRIDECANOATE

A C13 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.


trimethoprim

An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.


TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE

A trialkyl phosphate that is the triethy ester derivative of  phosphoric acid.


dihydroxyfumaric acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid consisting of fumaric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions.


THIAMIN DIPHOSPHATE

An ammonium betaine that is the conjugate base of thiamine(1+) diphosphate arising from the deprotonation of one of the hydroxy groups of the terminal phosphate group.


trifluoperazine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is  phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.


tristearoylglycerol

A triglyceride that is glycerol in which all three hydroxy groups have been formally esterified with stearic acid.


A naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid with an acetamido group at the 2-position.


TRICARBALLYLIC ACID

A tricarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one of the beta-hydrogens is substituted by a carboxy group.


thiabendazole

A member of the class of benzimidazoles carrying a 1,3-thiazol-4-yl substituent at position 2. A mainly post-harvest fungicide used to control a wide range of diseases including Aspergillus, Botrytis, Cladosporium and Fusarium.


tacrine

A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.


5-hydroxymethyl-5,6-dihydrofolic acid

A 5,6-dihydrofolic acid that is (6S)-5,6-dihydrofolic acid substituted at position 5 by a hydroxymethyl group.


BENZO[D]THIAZOLE

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.


ribothymidine

A methyluridine having a single methyl substituent at the 5-position on the uracil ring.


diloxanide furoate

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of furan-2-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide. It is a drug used for the treatment of asymptomatic amebiasis.


TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM ION

The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.


(NORTH)-METHANOCARBATHYMIDINE

A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane which is substituted at the 2-pro-S, 4-pro-S and 5-pro-R positions by thymin-1-yl, hydroxy, and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively.


benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid

A tricarboxylic acid that consists of benzene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 5.


dimenhydrinate

The diphenhydramine salt of 8-chlorotheophylline. Its effects are similar to those of diphenhydramine, but it is less potent. It was thought that by combining the antiemetic effects of diphenhydramine with the mild stimulant effects of 8-chlorotheophyline, the extreme drowsiness induced by the former would be mitigated. However, the sedation caused by diphenhydramine is considerably stronger than the stimulation caused by 8-chlorotheophylline. Dimenhydrinate is used mainly as an antiemetic in the prevention and treatment of motion sickness.


docosane

A straight-chain alkane with 22 carbon atoms.


TRINITROTOLUENE

A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.


dimethyl disulfide

An organic disulfide that is methane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a methyldisulfanyl group.


fluconazole

A member of the class of  triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.


A carboxamidinium ion consisting of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridinium having a (4-aminobenzyl)amino group at the 2-position.


A  4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is a synthetic musk fragrance and hydrophobic hapten with an indane core.


dimethylselenide

An organoselenium compound of two methyl groups covalently bound to a selenium.


dimethyl telluride

An  organotellurium compound in which the tellurium atom is covalently  bonded to two methyl groups. A xenobiotic metabolite produced by certain strains of bacteria exposed to tellurium containing compounds.


A UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate in which the muramoyl fragment has alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre


A tryptamine derivative in which a hydroxy group attached to the same carbon as the primary amino group (the S-enantiomer).


trinitrophenol

A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.


A C-nitro compound that is a stilbene derivative having an N-methyl,N-5-carboxypentylamino group at the 4-position and a nitro substituent at the 4'-position.


ACEDOBEN

A amidobenzoic acid that consists of benzoic acid bearing an acetamido substituent at position 4.


paracetamol

A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.


UNDECANAL

A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxylic acid group of undecanoic acid. It is a component of essential oils from citrus plants like Citrus reticulata.


L-tyrosinal

An amino aldehyde that is L-tyrosine in which the carboxy group has undergone formal redution to give the corrresponding aldehyde


An O-sulfoamino acid that is L-tyrosine in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group.


UDP-glucose

The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.


Coenzyme Q1

A compound composed of the standard 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone nucleus common to ubiquinones; and a side chain of a single isoprenoid unit.


A pyranone that is 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one in which two of the hydrogens of the methyl group are replaced by a cycloprop-2-en-1-yl group and a 3-{[N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-beta-alanyl]amino}phenyl group (S-configuration) and in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a 1-phenylbutan-2-yl group (R-configuration).


A geometric isomer of ubiquinone-10 in which the double bonds at positions 2, 10 and 26 are in the Z conformation.


ubidecarenone

A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.


An aminouracil in which the ring hydrogens at positions 5 and 6 on uracil have been replaced by amino groups.


phenylthiocarbamide

A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.


An amino disaccharide consisting of N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine having a 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl residue attached at the 3-position.


DISOGENIN

A  sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone.


vardenafil

The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.


diosmetin

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of luteolin. It is a natural product isolated from citrus fruits which exhibits a range of pharmacological activities.


diosmin

A disaccharide derivative that consists of  diosmetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


6-AZA-URIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE

A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is the 6-aza analogue of uridine 5'-monophosphate.


diosphenol

A  cyclic monoterpene ketone that is  cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2, a methyl group at position 3 and an isopropyl group at position 6.


2'-deoxyuridine 3'-monophosphate

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.


TRIMETHYL PHOSPHATE

A trialkyl phosphate that is the trimethyl ester of phosphoric acid.


A compound composed of the 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone nucleus common to ubiquinones; and a side chain of five isoprenoid units.


UNDECANE

A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms.


A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.


diphenhydramine

An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.


uracil-6-ylacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid comprising uracil having a carboxymethyl substituent at the 6-position.


diphenidol

A tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4.


diphenoxylate

A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.


A nucleoside triphosphate(4-) obtained by global deprotonation of the triphosphate OH groups of UTP; major species present at pH 7.3.


DIPHENYLAMINE

An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.


An N,N-disubstituted toluene-p-sulfonamaide, with a structure close to that of darunavir. It is found to inhibit dimerization of HIV-1 protease subunits.


DEAMINOHYDROXYVALINE

The R-enantiomer of 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid.


VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR S

A cyclodepsipeptide that is N-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-L-threonyl-D-alpha-aminobutyryl-L-prolyl-N-methyl-L-phenylalanyl-4-oxo-L-pipecoloyl-L-2-phenylglycine in which the carboxy group of the 2-phenylglycine moiety has undergone formal intramolecular condensation with the hydroxy group of the N-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-L-threonyl to give the corresponding 19-membered ring lactone. It is one of the two major components of the antibacterial drug virginiamycin, produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others.


(S,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol

The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


beta-D-xylofuranose

A D-xylose that is the furanose form of xylose which has beta- configuration at the anomeric centre.


A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.


A compound whose structure comprises a 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone nucleus, common to ubiquinones; and a side chain of seven isoprenoid units.


dipivefrine

The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.


METHYL VANILLATE

A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of  vanillic acid.


A triterpene consisting of hopane having a C=C double bond at the 22(29)-position.


An  aminopyrrolidine that is D-proline substituted by a amino group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 3.


tungstate

A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from tungstic acid.


ethanethiol

An alkanethiol that is ethane substituted by a thiol group at position 1. It is added to odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to provide a garlic scent which helps warn of gas leaks.


A purine nucleoside in which  adenine  is attached to xylofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.


ganciclovir

An oxopurine that is  guanine substituted by a [(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)oxy]methyl group at position 9. Ganciclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat or prevent AIDS-related cytomegalovirus infections.


dipyridamole

A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.


ZARDAVERINE

A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group.  It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.


A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-fluoro-5-morpholin-4-ylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl]indol-6-amine


zoledronic acid

An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.


disopyramide

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a  anti-arrhythmia drug.


cis-zeatin

The cis-isomer of zeatin.


wybutosine

A nucleoside analogue having methyl (2S)-4-(4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo-4,9-dihydro-3H-imidazo[1,2-a]purin-7-yl)-2-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]butanoate as the modified nucleobase.


DEXTROFLOXACINE

The (R)-enantiomer of ofloxacin.


disulfiram

An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid.  A multi-enzyme inhibitor that is used in alcohol aversion therapy and also exhibits anticancer properties.


A phorbol ester that is 12-deoxyphorbol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 13 and 20 have been converted to their  respective 2-methylbutanoate and acetate esters.


exotic molecular entity

A molecular entity in which one or more sub-atomic particles have been replaced by other particles of the same charge.


muonium molecular entity

A type of exotic molecular entity in which an electron is replaced by a muon.


positronium molecular entity

A type of exotic molecular entity in which an electron and a positron are bound together as a long-lived metastable state.


muonic muonium

Atom-like pair of particles consisting of a muon and an antimuon.


carbapenems

The class of beta-lactam antibiotics that whose members have a carbapenem skeleton which is variously substituted at positions 3, 4, and 6.


A dichloroaniline carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.


diketone

A compound that contains two ketone functionalities.


D-galactosaminic acid

The D-stereoisomer of galactosaminic acid.


D-galactosaminate

A galactosaminate that is the conjugate base of D-galactosaminic acid.


D-altronic acid

The D-enantiomer of altronic acid.


ISOBUTANOL

An alkyl alcohol that is propan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


An L-alpha-amino acid that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a 1,2-dichlorovinyl group.


An S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in which the dichlorovinyl group has trans- (E-) geometry.


para-positronium

The singlet state of positronium with electron and positron having antiparallel spins (S=0).


ortho-positronium

The triplet state of positronium with electron and positron having parallel spins (S=1).


An S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in which the dichlorovinyl group has cis- (Z-) geometry.


ipratropium bromide

The anhydrous form of the bromide salt of ipratropium. An anticholinergic drug, ipratropium bromide blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs. This opens the bronchi, so providing relief in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute asthma.


asbestos

Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements.


mineral

In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


amino acid ester

Any  carboxylic ester derivative of an amino acid.


A 2-keto-xylose having D-threo configuration; a degradation product of D-ascorbic acid.


amphibole asbestos

A class of asbestos minerals that includes silicates of magnesium, iron, calcium, and sodium.


fluorohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms.


dobutamine

A  catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.


(-)-geosmin

The (-)-stereoisomer of geosmin, having 4S,4aS,8aR configuration.


An octene with an unsaturation C-1.


sulfide mineral

Any mineral that contains sulfide (S(2-)) as the major anion.


sulfide salt

A salt in which the anionic species is sulfide (S(2-)).


docetaxel

A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.


carbonate ester

Any carbonate that is carbonic acid in which the hydrogens have been replaced by organyl groups.


native element mineral

A mineral that is composed of atoms from a single element.


A germacrane sesquiterpenoid obtained from germacrane by hydroxylation at C(11) together with dehydrogenation across the C(1)-C(10) and C(5)-C(6) bonds.


An oct-1-en-3-ol that has S-configuration.


glycino group

The C-terminal proteinogenic amino-acid residue derived from glycine.


Nutlin

Nutlins (for Nutley inhibitors) are a family of cis-imidazoline analogues. They are MDM2 antagonists and are named after the location (Nutley) in which they were developed.


The cyclohexadienediol formed by dearomatization of 2,3-dihydroxy-DDT by reduction at the C(2) and C(3) positions.


A 3-aminosuccinimide that has S-configuration.


hygrine

A 1-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)acetone that has R configuration. It is a pyrrolidine alkaloid found in the coca plant, Erythroxylum coca.


dodecanedioic acid

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is dodecane in which the methyl groups have been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acids.


GERANYLGERANIOL

A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.


pyrrolidine N-oxides

Any member of the class of pyrrolidines that are substituted by an organyl group at position 1 and in which the amino group of the pyrrolidine ring has been oxidised to give the corresponding N-oxide.


polyether

Any ether that contains more than one ether linkage.


diglyme

A polyether that is the dimethyl ether derivative of diethylene glycol.


diether

A polyether in which the number of ether linkages is 2.


A  hydroxyether that is the  ethyl ether derivative of ethylene glycol.


hydroxyether

Any ether carrying a hydroxy group at unspecified position.


A hydroxyether that is ethanol substituted by a methoxy group at position 2.


hydroxypolyether

A hydroxyether compound containing more than one ether group.


THIOGLYCIN

A monothiocarboxylic acid that is the thiolacid analogue of glycine. The parent of the class of thioglycines.


dofetilide

A tertiary amino compound that is N-ethyl-N-methylethanamine substituted by a 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenoxy and a 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl group at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. It is used as an  anti-arrhythmia drug.


urate anion

An organic anion obtained by removal of at least one proton from any uric acid.


A quinolinate(1-) that is the tautomer of 2-carboxypyridine-3-carboxylate.


A quinolinate(1-) that is the tautomer of 3-carboxypyridine-2-carboxylate.


indacenes

Molecular entities containing an indacene skeleton.


A carboxypyridinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of dipicolinic acid.


DIPICOLINIC ACID

A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.


sarcosinium

An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of sarcosine, arising from protonation of the amino group.


dolichodial

A dialdehyde that is cyclopentanecarbaldehyde substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 3-oxo-prop-1-en-2yl group at position 5. It has been found to occur in pheromones of insects such as aphids.


11-cis-retinoic acid

The 11-cis-isomer of retinoic acid.


polidocanol

A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.


PYRIDINE-2,5-DICARBOXYLIC ACID

A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 5.


A carboxypyridinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of isocinchomeronic acid.


A pyridinedicarboxylate that is the  conjugate base of isocinchomeronate(1-).


alpha-amino acid ester

The amino acid ester derivative obtained the formal condensation of an alpha-amino acid with an alcohol.


primary amino group

An amino group formed by replacement of one of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia by a group or atom other than a hydrogen atom.


acetyl

An organic radical derived from  acetaldehyde.


A triacyl lipopeptide that is the pentapeptide Cys-Ser-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys in which the side-chain thiol hydrogen on the Cys residue has been replaced by a 2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl group.


azetidinecarboxylic acid

A member of the class of  azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.


A 3-methylguanine that is 3,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 3.


A 3-methylguanine that is 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an imino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 3.


A 7-methylguanine that is 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an imino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.


A 7-methylguanine that is 7H-purine substituted by an amino group at position 2, a methyl group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6.


CHOLESTERYL OLEATE

The (Z)-stereoisomer of  cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate.


1'-acetoxychavicol acetate

An  acetate ester that is chavicol acetate substituted by an acetoxy group at position 1'.


A dicarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of oxalic acid.


pantothenic acid

A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.


A polar amino acid zwitterion of L-ornithine.


L-ornithinate

An L-alpha-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of L-ornithine.


sarcosinate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of sarcosine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


dioxane

Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.


capsaicinoid

A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.


NONIVAMIDE

A capsaicinoid that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine with the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. It is the active ingredient in many pepper sprays.


oxane

A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is cyclohexane in which one of the carbon atoms has been replaced by an oxygen atom.


oxanes

Any organic heteromonocyclic compoundthat is oxane or its substituted derivatives.


sultam

A sulfonamide in which the S-N bond is part of a ring.


The conjugate base of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


alpha-D-galactoside

Any D-galactoside having alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


anthracenes

Compounds containing an anthracene skeleton.


A monocarboxylic acid anion that is obtained by removal of a proton from the carbosylic acid group of 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


donepezil hydrochloride

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)- donepezil hydrochloride. Its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.


An aminodiol composed of any octadecene having hydroxy functional groups at positions 1 and 3 and an amino substituent at position 2.


A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.


A 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol having (2R,3S)-configuration.


L-erythro-sphingosine

A (2R,3S)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol in which the double bond has E geochemistry.


An aminodiol that is octadecane bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 3 as well as an amino substituent at position 2.


phytosphingosine 1-phosphate

A phosphosphingolipid that is phytosphingosine bearing a phospho group at position 1.


premnaspirodiene

A spiro compound that is vetispirane that has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond position 6-7 and in which the isopropyl subsbstituent has been replaced by a prop-1-en-2-yl group (the 2R,5S,10R isomer).


N-acetylsphingosine

A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.


N-acetylsphingosine 1-phosphate

A N-acylsphingosine 1-phosphate in which the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.


L-ARABINOSE

A L-arabinopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


pentosamine

Any 5-carbon amino monosaccharide with at least one alcoholic hydroxy group replaced by an amino group.


D-ARABINOSE

D-Arabinose in its pyranose form.


alpha-D-arabinopyranose

A D-arabinopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


beta-D-arabinopyranose

A D-arabinopyranose with beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


L-ribose

A ribose in which the chiral carbon atom furthest away from the aldehyde group (C4') has the same configuration as in L-glyceraldehyde.


ribofuranose

A cyclic ribose having a 5-membered tetrahydrofuran ring; the predominant (C3'-endo) form of the two cyclic structures (the other is the "C2'-endo" form, having a 6-membered ring) adopted by ribose in aqueous solution.


SYRINGARESINOL

The (7alpha,7'alpha,8alpha,8'alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.


1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate

An acetate ester that is eugenol acetate substituted by an acetoxy group at position 1.


L-ribofuranose

An ribofuranose having L-configuration.


beta-D-ribose

A D-ribofuranose in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


leucine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of leucine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing leucine residues.


D-ribopyranose

A D-ribose and the D-enantiomer of ribopyranose.


ribopyranose

The pyranose form of ribose.


alpha-D-ribopyranose

A D-ribopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


L-ribopyranose

The L-stereoisomer of ribopyranose.


alpha-L-ribopyranose

A L-ribopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


beta-L-ribopyranose

A L-ribopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


D-ribofuranose

A ribofuranose having D-configuration.


tetrahydrofuranone

Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.


dorzolamide

5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.


A UDP-amino sugar having 4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose as the amino sugar component.


diselenide

Compounds having the structure RSe2R, with R =/= H.


thienoimidazole

Any organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of an imidazole ring -fused to a thiophene ring.


DIOXANE

A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.


An antiaromatic annulene that is cyclooctane having four double bonds at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7.


lipid A

The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).


doxacurium

A mixture of the (1R,2S,1'S,2'R), (1R,2S,1'R,2'S) and (1S,2R,1'S,2'R) stereoisomers (a meso isomer and two enantiomers, respectively) of 2,2'-[(1,4-dioxobutane-1,4-diyl)bis(oxypropane-3,1-diyl)]bis[6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium], all of which are in a trans configuration at the 1 and 2 positions of the tetrahydroisoquinolinium rings. A competitive neuromuscular blocker, the chloride salt is used to provide muscle relaxation in general anaesthesia and to facilitate mechanical ventilation in patients in intensive care.


A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-phenylalanine in which the meta-hydrogen of the phenyl group has been replaced by a chlorine.


doxacurium chloride

The dichloride salt of doxacurium. It is a mixture of the (1R,2S,1'S,2'R), (1R,2S,1'R,2'S) and (1S,2R,1'S,2'R) stereoisomers (a meso isomer and two enantiomers, respectively) of 2,2'-[(1,4-dioxobutane-1,4-diyl)bis(oxypropane-3,1-diyl)]bis[6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium] dichloride, all of which are in a trans configuration at the 1 and 2 positions of the tetrahydroisoquinolinium rings. A competitive neuromuscular blocker, it is used to provide muscle relaxation in general anaesthesia and to facilitate mechanical ventilation in patients in intensive care.


DIBROMOMETHANE

A member of the class of  bromomethanes that is methane substituted by two bromo groups. It is produced by marine algae.


doxazosin

A member of the class of  quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An  antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.


lonafarnib

A 4-{2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide that has R configuration. It is used as oral farnesyltransferase inhibitor.


doxepin

A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an  antidepressant drug.


N-PROPYL BROMIDE

A bromoalkane that is propane carrying a bromo substituent at position 1.


(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a major chlorinated metabolite of chlorotyrosine.


doxercalciferol

A hydroxy seco-steroid and synthetic vitamin D2 analogue that undergoes metabolic activation in vivo to form 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D2), a naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D2. It is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which the body produces excess parathyroid hormone (PTH; a natural substance needed to control the amount of calcium in the blood) in certain people with chronic kidney disease.


5-bromouridine 5'-monophosphate

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having 5-bromouracil as the pyrimidine component.


PENTACHLOROBENZENE

A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention.


DRACORUBIN

A proanthocyanidin isolated from Dracaena draco.


droperidol

An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.


imipenem

A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.


A member of the class of piperidinylimidazoles that is 1-methyl-4-(1-propylimidazol-2-yl)piperidine carrying additional 3,4-dichlorophenyl and 2-(cyclopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl substituents at positions 4 and 5 respectively.


diadenosine 5',5'-diphosphate

A diadenosyl diphosphate having two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(2)-positions of the diphosphate.


A disaccharide consisting of two 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranonosyl units joined via an alpha-(2->4)-linkage.


BROMOETHANE

A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses.


dyclonine

N-Ethylpiperidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the methyl group is substituted by a 4-butoxybenzoyl group.


A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.


A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea which is substituted at position 1 by a 3-tert-butyl-1-methylpyrazol-5-yl group and at position 3 by a p-chlorophenyl group.


broxuridine

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-bromouracil as the nucleobase.


A monomethoxybenzene carrying a bromo substituent at position 4.


cefixime

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.


BROMIDE

A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and bromine atoms.


An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of ethylamine.


A bromoamino acid that is L-tryptophan in which the hydrogen at position 6 of the indole ring is substituted by bromine.


dyphylline

An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.


ouabain

A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.


3-chloro-D-alanine zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of 3-chloro-D-alanine having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


CHLORIMURON ETHYL

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of chlorimuron with ethanol. A proherbicide for chloimuron, it is used as herbicide for the control of broad-leaved weeds in peanuts, soya beans, and other crops.


A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 1,3-benzothiazole substituted by a methylnitrilo group, (pyridin-3-yl)methyl group, methyl group, hydroxy group and methyl group at position 2,4,5,6 and 7, respectively. It is a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and thromboxane A2 synthetase and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. The drug was being developed by Eisai (Tokyo, Japan) for the treatment of bowel disease.


A member of the class of isoquinolines that is isoquinoline-8-sulfonamide which is substituted by chlorine at position 5 and in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is an inhibitor of casein kinase I.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of (1R,2R)-2-amino-1-(4-aminophenyl)propane-1,3-diol with the carboxy group of dichloroacetic acid. It is an intermediate used in the biosynthesis pathway of the antibiotic, chloramphenicol.


E3040 GLUCURONIDE

A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is E3040 in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 6 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid group. It is a metabolite of the anti-inflammatory drug, E3040.


E3040 SULFATE

An aryl sulfate obtained by sulfation of the phenolic hydroxy group of the anti-inflammatory drug, E3040. It is one of the major metabolites of E3040.


alvocidib

A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.


An L-tryptophan derivative having a chloro substituent at the 7-position.


binuclear copper ion

An inorganic group consisting of two copper atoms in close proximity (charge not specified).


N-ethylphenylacetamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid with the amino group of ethylamine.


A substituted L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalaninamide dipeptide. It is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase.


diclofenac

A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.


devancoaminyl vancomycin

A glycopeptide that is vancomycin lacking the vancoaminyl residue.


An organic heterotricyclic compound arising from formal [4+2]-cycloaddition of hexachlorocyclopentadiene to N-methylmaleimide.


entecavir

Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.


nystatin

A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.


dirithromycin

The hemi-aminal resulting from the condensation of the erythromycin derivative (9S)-erythromycyclamine with 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetaldehyde. As the oxazine ring containing the hemi-aminal group is unstable under both acidic and alkaline conditions, dirithromycin functions as a more lipid-soluble prodrug for (9S)-erythromycyclamine. Administered as enteric coated tablets to protect it from acid catalysed hydrolysis in the stomach, it is used to treat respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue infections caused by susceptible organisms.


cefazolin

A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


A  hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2', 4, 4' and 6' and bromo groups at positions 3' and 5' respectively.


A leucine derivative obtained by fpormal condensation of the secondary amino group of 5-({2,3-dichloro-4-[1-methyl-5-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenoxy}methyl)-2-furoic acid and the carboxy group of N-amidino-L-leucylglycine


caspofungin

A semisynthetic cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall.


furosemide

A  chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.


ecgonine

A tropane alkaloid that consists of tropane bearing carboxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 3 respectively and having (1R,2R,3S,5S)-configuration. It is both a metabolite of and a precursor to cocaine.


HALOXYFOP-R-METHYL

A 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid that has R configuration. It is the most active enantiomer of the (racemic) herbicide haloxyfop and is used (particularly as the corresponding methyl and ethoxyethyl ester proherbicides (haloxyfop-P-methyl and haloxyfop-P-etotyl, respectively) to control annual and perrenial grasses in a variety of crops.


saracatinib

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by (5-chloro-2H-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)amino, (oxan-4-yl)oxy and 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a dual inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases c-Src and Abl (IC50 = 2.7 and 30 nM, respectively). Saracatinib was originally developed by AstraZeneca for the treatment of cancer but in 2019 it was granted orphan drug designation by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a type of lung disease that results in scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs.


echinenone

A  carotenone that is beta-carotene in which the 4 position has undergone formal oxidation to afford the corresponding ketone. Isolated as orange-red crystals, it is widely distributed in marine invertebrates.


MALEIC ANHYDRIDE

A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.


A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.


imipramine

A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.


levoketoconazole

A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2S,4R)-configuration.


ketoconazole

A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-ketoconazole.


(-)-echitovenine

An Aspidosperma alkaloid that is (5alpha,12beta,19alpha)-2,3-didehydroaspidospermidine which is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and by an acetoxy group at position 20.


A 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine in which the dioxolane ring has S configuration at positions 2 and 4.


echothiophate

The phosphorothioate obtained by formal condensation of diethyl phosphate with N,N,N-trimethyl-2-sulfanylethanaminium. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its iodide salt is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate.


L-glucaric acid

The L-enantiomer of glucaric acid.


econazole

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.


loracarbef

A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.


ethyl chloride

The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead.


A biphenyl that is 4-chloro-1,1'-biphenyl substituted by a (4-{4-[(4-{[(2R)-4-(dimethylamino)-1-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-yl]amino}-3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}piperazin-1-yl)methyl group at position 2'. It is a BH3-mimetic drug which targets the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins, including BCL-2, BCL-xL, and BCL-w, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.


bezafibrate

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-chlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-[4-(2-aminoethyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid. Benafibrate is used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.


A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one in which all or the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring are replaced by chlorines. A fungicide used for the control of rice blast, it is not approved for use within the European Union.


piclamilast

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine.


acetate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.


A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is 2-fluoroadenine carrying additional 2-chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl and pent-4-yn-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 9 respectively.


A furofuran that consists of hydroxymethylphosphonic acid where the alcoholic OH group is carrying a ({4-[(2S,3R)-2-({[(3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl](2-methylpropyl)amino}butyl]phenyl group.


roflumilast

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)benzoic acid with the amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine. Used for treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


A benzocycloheptapyridine that consists of 8-chloro-3-methyl-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine bearing a 1-(pyridin-4-ylacetyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11.


elatine

A diterpene alkaloid isolated from Delphinium shawurense.


A C-nitro compound that is a chloramphenicol phosphonate hapten which acts as a transition state analogue for the hydrolysis of chloramphenicol esters mediated by the catalytic antibody 7C8.


TAGATOSE

The straight-chain keto form of D-tagatose.


A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4 and 6 have been replaced by bromines. It is commonly used as a fungicide and in the preparation of flame retardants.


vancomycin aglycone

A peptide antibiotic that is vancomycin lacking the disaccharide moiety.


An isoxazole compound having a methyl substituent at the 3-position and a 5-[2-chloro-4-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenoxy]pentyl substituent at the 5-position.


ellagic acid

An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates.


ELLIPTECINE

A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.


phosphoethanolamine-Kdo2-lipid A

A derivative of Kdo2-lipid A having a phosphoethanolamine at position 7 of one of the Kdo residues.


beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A

A lipid A derivative in which one of the phosphate hydrogens of any lipid A has been replaced by a 4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranosyl residue (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).


A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at C-1 and C-2 is stearoyl.


An optically active form of 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine having (R)-configuration.


An optically active form of 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine having (S)-configuration.


A phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine.


An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, arising from protonation of the amino group.


phytantriol

A triol that consists of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.


beta-tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts.


A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by a methyl group at position 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.


Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL).


low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to low-density lipoproteins (LDL).


high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL).


Triglycerides which are contained in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL).


glyceride

Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.


Embelin

A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.


clomipramine

A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.


desipramine

A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.


16-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 16.


11-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid that has an oxo substituent at position 11.


3-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid where an oxo substituent is located at position 3.


7-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 7.


emedastine

1-Methyl-1,4-diazepane in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl group. A relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist, it is used as the difumatate salt for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritic skin disorders, and in eyedrops for the symptomatic relief of allergic conjuntivitis.


furofuran

Organic heterobicyclic compounds containing a two furan rings ortho-fused to each other.


phenylacetaldehyde oxime

An aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of the aldehyde moiety of phenylacetaldehyde with hydroxylamine.


(E)-phenylacetaldehyde oxime

A phenylacetaldehyde oxime in which the oxime moiety has E configuration.


(R)-dihydrocamalexic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of dihydrocamalexic acid.


A xi-progoitrin(1-) that is the conjugate base of epi-progoitrin.


A glucosinolate resulting from the removal of a proton from the oxime hydrogen sulfate moiety of xi-progoitrin.


emetamine

A pyridoisoquinoline consisting of emetine having a fully aromatised isoquinoline.


IMINOSTILBENE

A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a seven-membered nitrogen hetrocycle fused with two benzene rings.


sulforaphane

An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.


(R)-sulforaphane

A sulforaphane in which the sulfinyl group has R configuration. Naturally occurring compound found in brocolli that acts as a potent inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes.


L-SULFORAPHANE

A sulforaphane in which the sulfinyl group has S configuration.


emetine

A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.


cefepime

A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.


calcitroic acid

A hydroxycalciol that is calcidiol in which the pro-S hydrogen of calcidiol is replaced by a hydroxy group and the C-23/C-27 unit is replaced by a carboxy group.


gamma-hydroxyarginine

A hydroxyarginine in which the hydroxy group is located at position 4.


methionine sulfoximine

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .


nitrile oxide

Compounds having the structure R-C#NO.


nitrile sulfide

Members of the class of  nitrilium betaine that include compounds having the structure R-C#NS.


enalapril

A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).


nitrile selenide

Members of the class of nitrilium betaine that are compounds having the structure R-C#NSe.


acetonitrile oxide

The nitrile oxide resulting from the oxidation of the nitrogen atom of acetonitrile.


nitrile ylide

A 1,3-dipolar compound having the structure: RC#N(+)-C(-)R2 <-> RC(-)=N(+)=CR2 <-> RC(+)=NC(-)R2 <-> R(.)C(.)-N=CR2.


citronellal

A monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma.


enalaprilat

Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.


A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of fluorous acid.


(methylthio)acetic acid

A sulfur-containing carboxylic consisting of thioglycolic acid carrying an S-methyl substituent.


tetrabromomethane

A one-carbon compound substituted by 4 bromo groups.


hexose phosphate

A phospho sugar that is formally obtained from a hexose.


encainide

4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.


steroid acid

Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group.


A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the is conjugate base of 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-coumaric acid.


epirubicin

An anthracycline that is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin.


A gallate ester that is the tetraester obtained by the formal condensation of hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 4 of alpha-D-glucose with the carboxy group of four molecules of gallic acid respectively.


alkanesulfonic acid

Organic derivatives of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon of an alkyl group.


idopyranuronic acid

The pyranose form of iduronic acid.


L-idopyranuronic acid

The L-stereoisomer of idopyranuronic acid.


coniferyl acetate

An acetate ester obtained via formal condensation of the allylic hydroxy function of coniferol with acetic acid.


Any 3-oxo steroid which also contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6.


The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.


alkanethiol

An alkanethiol is a compound in which a sulfanyl group, -SH, is attached to an alkyl group.


3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid

A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


ENDOSULFAN

A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.


PRENISTEINE

A prenylcysteine where the prenyl moiety is attached to the side-chain sulfur atom of L-cysteine.


flavonoid

Any member of the 'superclass' flavonoids whose skeleton is based on 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 2. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


enflurane

An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.


A 2-coumarate that is the conjugate base of cis-2-coumaric acid.


A tetrapeptide that is an IAP antagonist.


A polyamide consisting of hexane-1,6-diamine having a 1-{(2S)-2-cyclohexyl-2-[(N-methyl-L-alanyl)amino]acetyl}-L-prolyl-beta-phenyl-L-phenylalanyl moiety attached to both nitrogens.


3-coumaric acid

A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring.


cis-3-coumaric acid

The cis-stereoisomer of 3-coumaric acid.


A 3-coumarate that is the conjugate base of trans-3-coumaric acid.


An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.


4,6-dioxohept-2-enedioic acid

A heptenedioic acid that is hept-2-enedioic acid substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.


alpha-D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

A D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


keto-D-tagatose 6-phosphate

A D-tagatose 6-phosphate that is in the open-chain keto-form.


alpha-D-fructuronic acid

The alpha anomer of D-fructofuranuronic acid.


beta-D-fructuronic acid

The beta anomer of D-fructofuranuronic acid.


keto-D-fructuronic acid

The straight-chain keto form of D-fructuronic acid.


name: primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite

description: A member of the class of  bilenes that is red chlorophyll catabolite in which a methylene group is introduced at position 1 via the reduction of a double bond. It is an intermediate of chlorophyll breakdown in plants.


D-glucopyranuronic acid

A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.


beta-D-galacturonic acid

A D-galactopyranuronic acid with a beta-configuration at the anomeric center.


thiocarboxamide

Any primary amide having its amide oxygen replaced by sulfur.


name: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist

description: An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.


A 5-hydroxypenta-2,4-diene-1,2,5-tricarboxylic acid in which the double bond geometry is specified as (2E,4Z).


(Z)-AURONE

A simplest memebr of the class of aurones that is 1-benzofuran-3(2H)-one in which both hydrogens at position 2 are substituted by a benzylidene group (the Z-isomer).


glucosamine

A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.


entacapone

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.


threo-3-methyl-L-aspartic acid

An aspartic acid derivative having a 3-methyl substituent.


enol ether

Ethers ROR' where R has a double bond adjacent to the oxygen of the ether linkage.


silyl enol ether

Enol ethers ROR' where R' has the structure SiR''R'''R''''.


The pyranose form of D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.


silyl ether

Ethers ROR' where R' has the structure SiR''R'''R''''.


enamine

An amine RNR'R'' where R has a double bond adjacent to the amine nitrogen.


L-tryptophan derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-tryptophan at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-tryptophan by a heteroatom.


D-tryptophan derivative

A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of D-tryptophan  at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of D-tryptophan  by a heteroatom.


A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole having the phospho group at the 5'-position and a carboxyamino group at the 5-position on the imidazole ring.


ketene

Carbonyl compounds where the C=O bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group.


ketenimine

Imines where the C=N bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group.


A triamine comprising spermidine having a double bond at the 2-position.


locked nucleic acid

Nucleic acid polymers where the residues contain 'locked' deoxyribose units and are linked by phosphodiester bonds. The deoxyribose unit conformation is 'locked' by a 2'-C,4'-C-oxymethylene link.


locked nucleotide residue

A nucleic acid residue that contains a 'locked' deoxyribose unit.


An N-(3-aminopropyl)but-2-ene-1,4-diamine having a cis-double bond.


An N-(3-aminopropyl)but-2-ene-1,4-diamine having a trans-double bond.


glycol nucleic acid

Nucleic acid polymers where the residues have an acyclic three-carbon propylene glycol phosphodiester backbone.


(R)-glycol nucleic acid

Glycol nucleic acids with an (R) chiral centre in the glycol backbone. They can be synthetically derived from (R)-(+)-glycidol.


(S)-glycol nucleic acid

Glycol nucleic acids with an (S) chiral centre in the glycol backbone. They can be synthetically derived from (S)-(+)-glycidol.


threose nucleic acid

Nucleic acids that have threose instead of ribose or deoxyribose in their sugar-phosphate backbones.


peptide nucleic acid

Nucleic acids where the sugar-phosphate backbone has been replaced by a neutral polyamide backbone such as N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine units.


A monohydroxyflavanone in which the hydroxy group is located at position 3'.


Any hydroxyflavanone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3' of the phenyl ring.


A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3' and 5' respectively.


The (2S)-enantiomer of dihydrotricetin.


(-)-dihydromyricetin

The (2S,3S)-stereoisomer of dihydromyricetin.


HC toxin

A homodetic cyclic tetrapeptide made up from L-alanyl, D-alanyl, L-prolyl and 2-amino-8-oxo-9,10-epoxydecanoyl residues.


4-methylene-L-glutamic acid

The L-enantiomer of 4-methyleneglutamic acid.


dihydroflavonols

Any hydroxyflavanone in which a hydroxy group is present at position 3 of the heterocyclic ring.


MARIZOMIB

A salinosporamide in which the core (1R)-6-oxa-2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,7-dione skeleton is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by (1S)-cyclohex-2-en-1-yl(hydroxy)methyl, 2-chloroethyl, and methyl groups, respectively (the 1R,4R,5S diastereoisomer). A potent proteasome inhibitor, it has attracted interest for potential use in the treatment of various cancers.


salinosporamide

Family of cytotoxic secondary metabolites produced by the marine actinomycete Salinispora tropica.


A methyl ketone that is  butan-2-one with an unsaturation at position 3.


A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.


D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

The pyranose form of D-mannose 6-phosphate.


The (S)-enantiomer of 5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid.


epimelibiose

A alpha-D-Manp-(1->6)-D-Galp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.


BREFELDIN A

A metabolite from Penicillium brefeldianum that exhibits a wide range of antibiotic activity.


A terminal acetylenic compound that is butane carrying a triple bond at position 1.


D-xylonic acid

A xylonic acid with D configuration.


D-fructose

The open-chain form of D-fructose.


vinorelbine

A vinca alkaloid with a norvinblastine skeleton.


NITRIC ACID

A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.


phosphono group

The inorganic group -P(=O)OH2.


nitrobenzenes

A C-nitro compound with formula C6H(6-n)(NO2)n (n can be from 1 up to 6, but is usually 1, 2 or 3). A closed class.


epoxiconazole

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (2S,3R)- and (2R,3S)-epoxiconazole. A broad-spectrum fungicide for control of diseases caused by Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Epoxiconazole is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.


A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.


nucleotide-amino acid

An amino acid derivative that is any conjugate between a nucleotide and an amino acid.


isocytidines

Any member of the class of pyrimidine ribonucleosides in which the pyrimidine moiety consists of 2-amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine or its derivatives.


anthracycline

Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.


polyene

An olefin that contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond.


A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of three protons from silicic acid.


A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of two protons from silicic acid.


A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of silicic acid in which one of the four OH groups has been deprotonated.