Peyer's patch development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


lymph gland development

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.


name: phytochrome chromophore biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the phytochrome chromophore. The phytochrome chromophore is a linear tetrapyrrolic prosthetic group covalently attached to the large soluble protein phytochrome. Light absorption by the phytochrome chromophore triggers photoconversion between two spectrally distinct forms of the photoreceptor: Pr, the red light absorbing form, and Pfr, the far red light absorbing form.


recognition of pollen

description: A cell recognition process in which pollen is recognized and either accepted or rejected by cells in the stigma.


response to steroid hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.


digestive tract morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


regulation of pinocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.


positive regulation of pinocytosis

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.


negative regulation of pinocytosis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.


generative cell nucleus

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The nucleus of the generative cell, a cell contained within the pollen grain that will divide to produce two haploid sperm cells.


microsporocyte nucleus

description: The nucleus of the microsporocyte. The microsporocyte is a diploid cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in four microspores. A microspore is a spore that, in vascular plants, gives rise to a male gametophyte.


embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


name: establishment of floral organ orientation

description: The process that determines the orientation of the floral organs with reference to the central axis of the flower.


name: establishment of anatomical structure orientation

description: The process that determines the orientation of an anatomical structure with reference to an axis.


name: establishment of animal organ orientation

description: The process that determines the orientation of an animal organ or tissue with reference to an axis.


embryonic organ morphogenesis

description: Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


photosystem I assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem I complex on the thylakoid membrane.


digestive tract development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


embryonic digestive tract development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.


name: ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm.


embryonic organ development

description: Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


notochord morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.


long-day photoperiodism

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that exceeds a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.


short-day photoperiodism

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that falls short of a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.


photoperiodism, flowering

description: A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length. The length of the period of light or dark required to initiate the change is set relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.


long-day photoperiodism, flowering

description: A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that exceeds the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.


short-day photoperiodism, flowering

description: A change from vegetative to reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that falls short of the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.


name: positive regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


name: negative regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


name: positive regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


name: negative regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


name: regulation of post-embryonic development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.


name: negative regulation of post-embryonic development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.


name: positive regulation of post-embryonic development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.


regulation of response to stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


name: positive regulation of response to stimulus

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


name: negative regulation of response to stimulus

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


name: regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


name: regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


developmental cell growth

description: The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.


developmental growth

description: The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.


eye morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized.


camera-type eye morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.


embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development.


name: post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during post-embryonic development.


embryonic morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.


oocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


oocyte fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oocyte.


oocyte morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte.


reproductive structure development

description: The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of somatic structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures.


name: multicellular organismal reproductive process

description: The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs.


name: embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development

description: The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development

description: The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized.


name: post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized.


name: embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


name: post-embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


embryonic foregut morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


post-embryonic foregut morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


embryonic hindgut morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


post-embryonic hindgut morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


name: post-embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


seed germination on parent plant

description: The process in which a seed germinates before being shed from the parent plant.


plantlet formation on parent plant

description: The process in which a new plantlet develops from a meristem on the plant body. As part of this process, when the plantlet is large enough to live independently, the physical connection between the new plantlet and the main plant is severed.


myoblast fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


myoblast fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


myoblast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


myoblast maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


trichome patterning

description: The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes.


skeletal muscle tissue growth

description: The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size.


name: regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth.


regulation of muscle organ development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.


name: negative regulation of muscle organ development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.


name: positive regulation of muscle organ development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development.


regulation of developmental growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.


name: positive regulation of developmental growth

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth.


name: negative regulation of developmental growth

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.


name: regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development.


muscle organ morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized.


animal organ formation

description: The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ.


name: anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


polyphenic determination

description: The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues.


caste determination

description: The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


name: caste determination, influence by genetic factors

description: The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


name: caste determination, influence by environmental factors

description: The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


name: polyphenic determination, influence by environmental factors

description: The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental cues.


name: polyphenic determination, influence by genetic factors

description: The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to genetic cues.


anther development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


anther morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther are generated and organized.


anther wall tapetum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther wall tapetum are generated and organized. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


anther wall tapetum formation

description: The process that gives rise to the anther wall tapetum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


name: anther wall tapetum cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


anther wall tapetum development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther wall tapetum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


smooth muscle cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


name: regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.


name: negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.


neuron fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron.


neuron fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


neuron fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


neuron development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


name: cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation

description: The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron.


collateral sprouting

description: The process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.


name: collateral sprouting in absence of injury

description: The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons.


regulation of collateral sprouting

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


name: negative regulation of collateral sprouting

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


name: positive regulation of collateral sprouting

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


name: collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

description: The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons as a result of injury to an axon. The collateral sprouts typically appear from undamaged axons in a tissue which has had part of its nerve supply removed, and they can often innervate successfully any cells that have lost some or all of their original synaptic input.


collateral sprouting of injured axon

description: The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.


axon extension

description: Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development.


axon extension involved in regeneration

description: Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in regeneration of the neuron.


response to axon injury

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus.


regulation of axon regeneration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.


name: positive regulation of axon regeneration

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration.


name: negative regulation of axon regeneration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.


sprouting of injured axon

description: The process involved in sprouting of an injured axon.


name: regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.


name: positive regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.


name: negative regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.


regulation of sprouting of injured axon

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.


name: positive regulation of sprouting of injured axon

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of sprouting of an injured axon.


name: negative regulation of sprouting of injured axon

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.


name: formation of growth cone in injured axon

description: The formation of a growth cone in an injured axon.


name: regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.


name: positive regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon extension involved in regeneration.


name: negative regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.


name: regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.


name: positive regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.


name: negative regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.


name: regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.


name: positive regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.


name: negative regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.


generation of neurons

description: The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.


name: acquisition of desiccation tolerance in seed

description: The process in which a seed acquires tolerance to severe drying, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state.


name: embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.


embryonic neurocranium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The neurocranium is the portion of the vertebrate skull surrounding the brain.


embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.


embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.


skeletal system morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized.


embryonic skeletal system development

description: The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


instar larval or pupal morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring during instar larval or pupal development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


astrocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


oligodendrocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.


regulation of astrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


name: positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


name: negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


name: regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


name: positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


name: negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


labrum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of labrum are generated and organized.


anterior cibarial plate morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.


name: cibarial fish-trap bristle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a cibarial fish-trap bristle are generated and organized. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.


epistomal sclerite morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the epistomal sclerite are generated and organized.


posterior cibarial plate morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the posterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.


clypeus morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the clypeus are generated and organized.


anterior cibarial plate development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior cibarial plate over time, from their formation to the mature structure.


clypeus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The clypeus is the shield-shaped plate on an insect's head.


epistomal sclerite development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epistomal sclerite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cibarial fish-trap bristle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cibarial fish-trap bristle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.


labrum development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the labrum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


posterior cibarial plate development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior cibarial plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


proboscis development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proboscis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


tissue morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized.


epidermis morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.


system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.


gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion.


sebaceous gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sebaceous gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


proboscis morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis are generated and organized. The proboscis is the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult head.


haltere morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized.


appendage development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


name: imaginal disc-derived appendage development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation in the imaginal disc to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.


cardiac muscle tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


skeletal muscle fiber development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


name: regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


smooth muscle tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


compound eye development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.


compound eye corneal lens morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye corneal lens are generated and organized.


semicircular canal morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized.


pigment granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule.


name: branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.


branching morphogenesis of a nerve

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).


sieve cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve cell. A sieve cell is a type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores). The sieve areas are rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. The sieve element is the cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials.


pigment granule maturation

description: Steps required to form a membrane-bounded organelle into a pigment granule containing pigment. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.


companion cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a companion cell. The companion cell is the specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member.


name: xylem vessel member cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vessel member cell. A vessel member cell is one of the components of a vessel in the xylem. It is a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened.


plant parenchymal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a parenchymal cell. Parenchymal cells are the most abundant and versatile cells in plants. They have very few distinguishing characteristics and botanists classify them as any cell type that cannot be assigned to any other structural or functional class. They can redifferentiate and dedifferentiate and are involved in storage, basic metabolism and other processes. The cells are polyhedral, typically with thin, non-lignified cellulose cell walls and nucleate living protoplasm. They vary in size, form, and wall structure.


collenchyma cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a collenchyma cell. This is a plant cell in which the primary cell walls are unevenly thickened, with most thickening occurring at the cell corners. Cells are living and able to grow, they are elongated, and lignin and secondary walls absent. Collenchyma cells make up collenchyma tissue which acts as a supporting tissue in growing shoots, leaves and petioles. This tissue is often arranged in cortical ribs, as seen prominently in celery and rhubarb petioles.


mesenchymal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


name: calcium-induced calcium release activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration.


trichoblast maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trichoblast cell to attain its fully functional state.


root hair cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell.


root hair initiation

description: The process in which a protrusion or bulge is formed at the site of plant root hair outgrowth.


root hair elongation

description: The process in which the root hair grows longer.


root hair cell tip growth

description: Localized growth of a plant root hair tip by extension of the cell wall.


sarcomerogenesis

description: The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber.


pigment granule

description: A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes.


tissue remodeling

description: The reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. This process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling.


leucophore differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a leucophore cell. Leucophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain uric acid or other purine crystals, deposited in stacks called leucosomes. This gives them a white appearance.


erythrophore differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an erythrophore cell. Erythrophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives them an orange to red appearance.


cyanophore differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cyanophore cell. Cyanophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain a blue pigment of unknown chemical composition. The pigment is stored in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes.


name: regulation of leucophore differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


name: negative regulation of leucophore differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


name: positive regulation of leucophore differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


name: regulation of erythrophore differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


name: negative regulation of erythrophore differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


name: positive regulation of erythrophore differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


name: regulation of cyanophore differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


name: negative regulation of cyanophore differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


name: positive regulation of cyanophore differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


name: pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment granule maturation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, contributing to the process in which a membrane-bounded organelle develops into a pigment granule. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.


hatching gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process.


presynaptic active zone

description: A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.


presynaptic active zone membrane

description: The membrane portion of the presynaptic active zone; it is the site where docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles occurs for the release of neurotransmitters.


cytoskeleton of presynaptic active zone

description: The specialized cytoskeletal matrix of the presynaptic active zone. It has specialized functions in organizing synaptic events such as immobilisation or translocation of synaptic vesicles, and assembling active zone components. It is believed to form a molecular scaffold that organizes neurotransmitter release sites.


name: cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone

description: The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane.


name: maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure

description: A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.


name: calcium ion-regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter

description: The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, where the release step is dependent on a rise in cytosolic calcium ion levels.


name: spontaneous exocytosis of neurotransmitter

description: The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, where the release step is independent of the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). The neurotransmitter is contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle, and is released by fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic plasma membrane of a nerve cell.


pronephros development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


swim bladder development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the swim bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


swim bladder morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the swim bladder is generated and organized. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


swim bladder maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a swim bladder to attain its fully functional state. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


swim bladder formation

description: The process that gives rise to the swim bladder. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


swim bladder inflation

description: The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


animal organ maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an animal organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


antennal morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the antenna are generated and organized.


antennal joint morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the antennal joint are generated and organized.


notum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal part of the body are generated and organized.


name: imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.


name: imaginal disc-derived female genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized from the genital disc.


name: imaginal disc-derived genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.


genitalia development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


female genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized.


male genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized.


analia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of analia are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.


female analia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the female are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


male analia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the male are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc.


neuron projection morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.


dendrite morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized.


regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


ocellus morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the ocellus are generated and organized. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.


name: negative regulation of hair follicle maturation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


name: positive regulation of hair follicle maturation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


regulation of hair follicle maturation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


hair follicle maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state.


erythrocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


enucleate erythrocyte development

description: The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


nucleate erythrocyte development

description: The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


pigment cell precursor differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pigment cell precursor.


cotyledon development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cotyledon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.


cotyledon morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the cotyledon are generated and organized. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.


phyllome development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a phyllome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A phyllome is a collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants.


root cap development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root cap over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root cap protects the root meristem from friction as the root grows through the soil. The cap is made up of a group of parenchyma cells which secrete a glycoprotein mucilage as a lubricant.


adventitious root development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adventitious root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adventitious roots are post-embryonic roots that develop from the plant shoot.


regulation of shoot system development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot development.


specification of plant organ number

description: The regionalization process that modulates the quantity of a particular type of plant organ.


specification of floral organ number

description: Any process that modulates the number of floral organs formed in a floral whorl.


specification of petal number

description: Any process that modulates the number of petals formed in a flower.


specification of decreased petal number

description: Any process that reduces the number of petals produced in a developing flower.


specification of increased petal number

description: Any process that increases the number of petals produced in a developing flower.


sorocarp sorus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sorocarp sorus is the spore containing structure of a sorocarp.


release of seed from dormancy

description: The process in which the dormant state is broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated upon release.


inner ear development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


otolith development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


name: positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


name: negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


artery morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.


venous blood vessel morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart.


name: axon extension involved in axon guidance

description: The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


adenohypophysis formation

description: The process that gives rise to adenohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


neurohypophysis morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurohypophysis are generated and organized. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


neurohypophysis formation

description: The process that gives rise to neurohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


hypophysis morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


hypophysis formation

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The hypophysis is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


diencephalon morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.


forebrain morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).


brain morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).


adenohypophysis morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


anatomical structure development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


neural nucleus development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma.


cell projection morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized.


formation of anatomical boundary

description: The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


glioblast division

description: The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a glioblast into daughter cells.


name: leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


stem cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


stem cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate.


stem cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell.


stem cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


stem cell fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


pollen tube development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pollen tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure.


cellular developmental process

description: A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.


cell motility

description: Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.


description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism.


homeostasis of number of cells

description: Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells.


name: homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue

description: Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.


name: host-mediated regulation of intestinal microbiota composition

description: The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells such as the bacteria in the gut.


homeostasis of number of retina cells

description: Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the retina.


chemical homeostasis

description: Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical.


sensory system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure.


name: mechanosensory lateral line system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mechanosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mechanosensory lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.


lateral line development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear.


neuromast primordium migration

description: The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell originating at specific cephalic placodes and depositing proneuromasts along a developing lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


neuromast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


neuromast deposition

description: The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line.


neuromast hair cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast hair cell. Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


cupula development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.


neuromast mantle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.


neuromast support cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


lateral line ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear.


name: lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lateral line ganglion neuron.


lateral line nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. Lateral line nerves project primarily to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.


name: afferent axon development in lateral line nerve

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in any lateral line nerve.


name: efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve.


name: lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.


lateral line nerve glial cell migration

description: The movement of a glial cell along the axons in a lateral line nerve.


myelination of lateral line nerve axons

description: The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of a lateral line nerve.


name: anterior lateral line system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated between the eye and the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the anterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The anterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians and are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project to the hindbrain. The anterior lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.


anterior lateral line development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The anterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


name: anterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration

description: The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing anterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


name: anterior lateral line neuromast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


name: anterior lateral line neuromast deposition

description: The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line.


name: anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. Neuromast hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


name: anterior lateral line neuromast cupula development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.


name: anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.


name: anterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


name: anterior lateral line ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


name: anterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the anterior lateral line ganglion.


anterior lateral line nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line nerve contains efferent axons that innervate hair cells of the ALL and afferent axons that project to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain. The octavolateralis column consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.


name: afferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


name: efferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


name: glial cell migration in anterior lateral line nerve

description: The movement of a glial cell along the axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


name: anterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.


name: myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons

description: The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve.


name: posterior lateral line system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated behind the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the posterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The posterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The posterior mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.


posterior lateral line development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


name: posterior lateral line ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


name: posterior lateral line nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line nerve innervates hair cells of the PLL and projects to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.


name: posterior lateral line neuromast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


name: posterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration

description: The migration of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing posterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


name: posterior lateral line neuromast cupula development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.


name: posterior lateral line neuromast deposition

description: The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing posterior lateral line.


name: posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


name: posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast mantle cell type or a set of cells of neuromast mantle cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.


lateral line system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line system is a network of sensory organs (neuromasts) and lateral line nerves located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


name: electrosensory lateral line system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the electrosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: posterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


name: posterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the posterior lateral line ganglion.


name: efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


name: glial cell migration in posterior lateral line nerve

description: The movement of a glial cell along the axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


name: posterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.


name: myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons

description: The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve.


name: afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


name: peripheral nervous system neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system.


name: peripheral nervous system neuron development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.


name: peripheral nervous system neuron axonogenesis

description: Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. The axon carries action potential from the cell body towards target cells.


name: lateral line nerve glial cell development

description: The process aimed at the progression of a lateral line glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


name: lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

description: The process in which the structure of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve is generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.


name: anterior lateral line nerve glial cell development

description: The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


name: anterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

description: The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.


name: posterior lateral line nerve glial cell development

description: The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


name: posterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

description: The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.


chromosome localization

description: Any process in which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


D-glutaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-glutamine = NH3 + D-glutamate.


D-proline reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminopentanoate + [PrdC protein]-Se-L-selenocysteinyl-S-L-cysteine = [PrdC protein]-L-selenocysteine/L-cysteine + D-proline.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP = 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + 7,8-dihydrofolate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + isoflavone = UDP + isoflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + H2O.


isomaltulose synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose = 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose.


isonocardicin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nocardicin E = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+ + isonocardicin A.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: isopiperitenone = piperitenone.