glutamate-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).


glutamine-tRNA ligase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamine + tRNA(Gln) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln).


glycine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycine + tRNA(Gly) = AMP + diphosphate + glycyl-tRNA(Gly).


histidine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His).


isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + ATP + tRNA(Ile) = L-isoleucyl-tRNA(Ile) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


leucine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: leucine + ATP + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + Leu-tRNA(Leu).


lysine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-lysine + tRNA(Lys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys).


methionine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + tRNA(Met) = AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNA(Met).


phenylalanine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNA(Phe) = AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).


proline-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-proline + tRNA(Pro) = AMP + diphosphate + L-prolyl-tRNA(Pro).


serine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-serine + tRNA(Ser) = AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNA(Ser).


threonine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr).


tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophanyl-tRNA(Trp).


tyrosine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + ATP + tRNA(Tyr) = L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


valine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + ATP + tRNA(Val) = L-valyl-tRNA(Val) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine.


tryptophan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.


tubulin-tyrosine ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + detyrosinated alpha-tubulin + L-tyrosine = alpha-tubulin + ADP + phosphate.


tyramine-beta hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydroxylation of tyramine to form octopamine.


tyrosine decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = tyramine + CO2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


ubiquitin activating enzyme activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: E1 + ubiquitin + ATP--> E1-ubiquitin + AMP + PPi, where the E1-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond between the C-terminal glycine of Ub and a sulfhydryl side group of an E1 cysteine residue. This is the first step in a cascade of reactions in which ubiquitin is ultimately added to a protein substrate.


ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y = Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages.


cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity

description: An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases in DNA that result from the deamination of cytosine or the misincorporation of dUTP opposite an adenine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + UMP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + uracil.


urate oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: urate + O2 + H2O = 5-hydroxyisourate + hydrogen peroxide.


urea carboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + urea = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + urea-1-carboxylate.


ureidoglycolate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + glyoxylate + 2 NH4.


uridine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + uridine = ADP + UMP.


uridine phosphorylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uridine + phosphate = uracil + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uroporphyrin III = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-2.


uroporphyrinogen-III synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylbilane = H2O + uroporphyrinogen III.


uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: uroporphyrinogen-III = coproporphyrinogen + 4 CO2.


xanthine dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+.


xanthine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + hydrogen peroxide.


D-xylulokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose + ATP = D-xylulose 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


enzyme inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme.


dUTP pyrophosphatase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of dUTP pyrophosphatase.


phospholipase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


protein kinase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein kinase.


name: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase.


name: cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase.


protein phosphatase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein phosphatase.


name: protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.


endopeptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an endopeptidase.


name: serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine-type endopeptidase.


name: cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase.


asialoglycoprotein receptor activity

description: Receiving an asialoglycoprotein, and delivering the asialoglycoprotein into the cell via endocytosis. An asialoglycoprotein is a plasma glycoproteins from which the terminal sialic acid residue on their complex carbohydrate groups has been removed. The asialoglycoprotein receptor recognizes the terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine units of the asialoglycoprotein, the receptor-ligand complex is internalized and transported to a sorting organelle where disassociation occurs before the receptor is recycled to the cell membrane.


complement receptor activity

description: Combining with any component or product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: complement component C3a receptor activity

description: Combining with the C3a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: complement component C3b receptor activity

description: Combining with the C3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: complement component C5a receptor activity

description: Combining with the C5a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


nuclear receptor activity

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Nuclear receptor ligands are usually lipid-based (such as a steroid hormone) and the binding of the ligand to its receptor often occurs in the cytosol, which leads to its translocation to the nucleus.


name: nuclear glucocorticoid receptor activity

description: Combining with a glucocorticoid and transmitting the signal within the cell trigger a change in cell activity or function.


name: transmembrane signaling receptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.


GABA-A receptor activity

description: Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.


cell adhesion receptor activity

description: The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell and to initiate intracellular signaling. Cell adhesion receptors include integrins and cadherins.


cytokine receptor activity

description: Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor activity

description: Combining with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


erythropoietin receptor activity

description: Combining with erythropoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

description: Combining with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

description: Combining with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


growth hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with a growth hormone and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interferon receptor activity

description: Combining with an interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


type I interferon receptor activity

description: Combining with a type I interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


type II interferon receptor activity

description: Combining with interferon-gamma (a type II interferon) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interleukin-1 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity. Interleukin-1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages and is involved in the inflammatory response.


name: interleukin-1, type I, activating receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity via signaling pathways and mediated by adaptor proteins.


name: interleukin-1, type II, blocking receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity by inhibiting the activity of type I interleukin receptors.


interleukin-2 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-2 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interleukin-3 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-3 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interleukin-4 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-4 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interleukin-5 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-5 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interleukin-6 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-6 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interleukin-7 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-7 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interleukin-8 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-8 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interleukin-9 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-9 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interleukin-10 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-10 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


interleukin-11 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-11 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity

description: Combining with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


oncostatin-M receptor activity

description: Combining with oncostatin-M and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


prolactin receptor activity

description: Combining with prolactin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


G protein-coupled receptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


name: mating-type factor pheromone receptor activity

description: Combining with a mating-type factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: mating-type a-factor pheromone receptor activity

description: Combining with the mating-type a-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: mating-type alpha-factor pheromone receptor activity

description: Combining with the mating-type alpha-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


alpha-adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha-adrenergic receptors.


alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha1-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gq alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha2-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gi alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


beta-adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gs alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


beta1-adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta1-adrenergic receptors.


beta2-adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta2-adrenergic receptors.


angiotensin type II receptor activity

description: An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gi protein coupling and cGMP (NO) generation, and may also act via additional signaling mechanisms.


bombesin receptor activity

description: Combining with bombesin to initiate a change in cell activity.


bradykinin receptor activity

description: Combining with bradykinin to initiate a change in cell activity.


calcitonin receptor activity

description: Combining with calcitonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cannabinoid receptor activity

description: Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


chemokine receptor activity

description: Combining with a chemokine, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.


cholecystokinin receptor activity

description: Combining with cholecystokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity. Cholecystokinin can act as a neuropeptide or as a gastrointestinal hormone.


name: dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity

description: Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


icosanoid receptor activity

description: Combining with an icosanoid to initiate a change in cell activity.


prostanoid receptor activity

description: Combining with a prostanoid, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure, to initiate a change in cell activity.


prostaglandin receptor activity

description: Combining with a prostaglandin (PG) to initiate a change in cell activity.


prostaglandin D receptor activity

description: Combining with prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


prostaglandin E receptor activity

description: Combining with prostaglandin E (PGE(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


prostaglandin F receptor activity

description: Combining with prostaglandin F (PGF (2-alpha)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


thromboxane receptor activity

description: Combining with a thromboxane (TXA) to initiate a change in cell activity.


thromboxane A2 receptor activity

description: Combining with thromboxane A2 (TXA(2)) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.


endothelin receptor activity

description: Combining with endothelin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: follicle-stimulating hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with follicle-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


luteinizing hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with luteinizing hormone (also called lutropin) to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity

description: Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


galanin receptor activity

description: Combining with galanin to initiate a change in cell activity.


glucagon receptor activity

description: Combining with glucagon and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


histamine receptor activity

description: Combining with histamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


glutamate-gated receptor activity

description: Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


AMPA glutamate receptor activity

description: An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate and acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium, potassium, and, in the absence of a GluR2 subunit, calcium.


NMDA glutamate receptor activity

description: An cation channel that opens in response to binding by extracellular glutmate, but only if glycine is also bound and the membrane is depolarized. Voltage gating is indirect, due to ejection of bound magnesium from the pore at permissive voltages.


leukotriene receptor activity

description: Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


melanocortin receptor activity

description: Combining with melanocortin to initiate a change in cell activity.


corticotropin receptor activity

description: Combining with corticotropin to initiate a change in cell activity.


beta-endorphin receptor activity

description: Combining with beta-endorphin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Beta-endorphin is a peptide, 31 amino acids long, resulting from processing of the precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC).


name: melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


N-formyl peptide receptor activity

description: Combining with an N-formyl peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


neuropeptide Y receptor activity

description: Combining with neuropeptide Y to initiate a change in cell activity.


olfactory receptor activity

description: Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity in response to detection of smell.


name: G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity

description: Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


octopamine receptor activity

description: Combining with the biogenic amine octopamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Octopamine is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates and can have properties both of a hormone and a neurotransmitter and acts as an adrenergic agonist.


oxytocin receptor activity

description: Combining with oxytocin to initiate a change in cell activity.


parathyroid hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with parathyroid hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: platelet activating factor receptor activity

description: Combining with platelet activating factor to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity

description: Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


somatostatin receptor activity

description: Combining with somatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system by signaling via G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by proteolytic cleavage: a 14 amino acid peptide (SST-14) and a 28 amino acid peptide (SST-28).


tachykinin receptor activity

description: Combining with a tachykinin neuropeptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


name: thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with thyroid-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with thyrotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


transferrin receptor activity

description: Combining selectively with transferrin, and delivering transferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Transferrin is a major iron carrier protein in vertebrates.


name: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity

description: Combining with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


vasopressin receptor activity

description: Combining with vasopressin to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

description: Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


ephrin receptor activity

description: Combining with an ephrin receptor ligand to initiate a change in cell activity.


GPI-linked ephrin receptor activity

description: Combining with a GPI-anchored ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.


transmembrane-ephrin receptor activity

description: Combining with a transmembrane ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: epidermal growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: fibroblast growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with a fibroblast growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: hepatocyte growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with hepatocyte growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


insulin receptor activity

description: Combining with insulin receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: insulin-like growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with insulin-like growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

description: Combining with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


name: platelet-derived growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with platelet-derived growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor activity

description: Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor activity

description: Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.


stem cell factor receptor activity

description: Combining with stem cell factor (SCF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate. Stem cell factor is a cytokine that stimulates mast cell growth and differentiation.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor activity

description: Combining with a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I

description: Combining with a complex of transforming growth factor beta and a type II TGF-beta receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of TGF-beta signals.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type II

description: Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor.


neurotrophin receptor activity

description: Combining with a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


tumor necrosis factor receptor activity

description: Combining with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages, to initiate a change in cell function.


osmosensor activity

description: Sensing extracellular osmolarity to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning the membrane of the cell.


death receptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

description: Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.


netrin receptor activity

description: Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: netrin receptor activity involved in chemorepulsion

description: Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell away from a higher concentration of netrin.


scavenger receptor activity

description: Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, amyloid-beta fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).


KDEL sequence binding

description: Binding to a KDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.


signal recognition particle binding

description: Binding to a signal recognition particle.


signal sequence binding

description: Binding to a signal sequence, a specific peptide sequence found on protein precursors or mature proteins that dictates where the mature protein is localized.


nuclear export signal receptor activity

description: Combining with a nuclear export signal (NES) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of a the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the nuclear lumen to the cytoplasm. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


name: peroxisome matrix targeting signal-1 binding

description: Binding to a type 1 peroxisome targeting signal, a tripeptide with the consensus sequence (S/A/C)-(K/R/H)-L.


name: peroxisome matrix targeting signal-2 binding

description: Binding to a type 2 peroxisome targeting signal, a nonapeptide with a broad consensus sequence of (R/K)-(L/V/I)-(XXXXX)-(H/Q)-(L/A/F).


laminin receptor activity

description: Combining with a laminin, a glycoprotein that constitutes the majority of proteins in the basement membrane, to initiate a change in cell activity.


tiggrin receptor activity

description: Combining with the extracellular matrix ligand tiggrin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


MAP-kinase scaffold activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that functions as a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. Binds multiple kinases of the MAPKKK cascade, and also upstream signaling proteins, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Bringing together multiple enzymes and their substrates enables the signal to be transduced quickly and efficiently.


protein kinase C binding

description: Binding to protein kinase C.


name: guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

description: Stimulates the exchange of GDP to GTP on a signaling GTPase, changing its conformation to its active form. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is more abundant in the cell under normal cellular physiological conditions.


name: guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor and one or more other proteins, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity

description: Prevents the dissociation of GDP from a GTPase, thereby preventing GTP from binding.


Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity

description: Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rab, thereby preventing GTP from binding.


Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity

description: Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rho, thereby preventing GTP from binding.


GTPase inhibitor activity

description: Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and orthophosphate.


GTPase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a GTPase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.


signaling receptor binding

description: Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


name: fibroblast growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).


name: type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1).


frizzled binding

description: Binding to a frizzled (fz) receptor.


name: type 2 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a type 2 fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2).


Notch binding

description: Binding to a Notch (N) protein, a surface receptor.


patched binding

description: Binding to a patched (ptc) protein, a receptor for hedgehog proteins.


name: type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

description: Binding to a type II transforming growth factor beta receptor.


name: receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor binding

description: Binding to a receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror).


wishful thinking binding

description: Binding to wishful thinking (Wit), a type II bone morphogenic protein receptor.


sevenless binding

description: Binding to a sevenless (sev) protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase.


smoothened binding

description: Binding to a smoothened (smo) protein, which interacts with patched to transmit hedgehog signals.


Toll binding

description: Binding to a Toll protein, a transmembrane receptor.


torso binding

description: Binding to a torso (tor) protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase.


death receptor binding

description: Binding to a member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD).


scavenger receptor binding

description: Binding to scavenger receptors, a family of proteins that are expressed on myeloid cells and are involved in the uptake of effete cellular components and foreign particles.


cytokine activity

description: The activity of a soluble extracellular gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


cytokine receptor binding

description: Binding to a cytokine receptor.


name: ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor.


erythropoietin receptor binding

description: Binding to an erythropoietin receptor.


name: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.


name: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor.


growth hormone receptor binding

description: Binding to a growth hormone receptor.


type I interferon receptor binding

description: Binding to an interferon-type I receptor, a heterodimeric complex composed of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).


type II interferon receptor binding

description: Binding to a type II interferon receptor. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.


interleukin-2 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-2 receptor.


interleukin-3 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-3 receptor.


interleukin-4 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-4 receptor.


interleukin-5 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-5 receptor.


interleukin-6 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-6 receptor.


interleukin-7 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-7 receptor.


interleukin-9 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-9 receptor.


interleukin-10 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-10 receptor.


interleukin-11 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-11 receptor.


interleukin-12 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-12 receptor.


interleukin-13 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-13 receptor.


name: leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding

description: Binding to an leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.


oncostatin-M receptor binding

description: Binding to an oncostatin-M receptor.


prolactin receptor binding

description: Binding to a prolactin receptor.


interleukin-1 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-1 receptor.


interleukin-1, type I receptor binding

description: Binding to a Type I interleukin-1 receptor.


interleukin-1, type II receptor binding

description: Binding to a Type II interleukin-1 receptor.


name: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity

description: Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to the interleukin-1 receptor complex.


interleukin-8 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-8 receptor.


name: epidermal growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to an epidermal growth factor receptor.


name: macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.


insulin receptor binding

description: Binding to an insulin receptor.


name: insulin-like growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

description: Binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor.


name: platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor.


nerve growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a nerve growth factor receptor.


tumor necrosis factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a tumor necrosis factor receptor.


neurotrophin receptor binding

description: Binding to a neurotrophin receptor.


neurotrophin p75 receptor binding

description: Binding to a neurotrophin p75 receptor.


neurotrophin TRK receptor binding

description: Binding to a neurotrophin TRK receptor.


neurotrophin TRKA receptor binding

description: Binding to a neurotrophin TRKA receptor.


neurotrophin TRKB receptor binding

description: Binding to a neurotrophin TRKB receptor.


neurotrophin TRKC receptor binding

description: Binding to a neurotrophin TRKC receptor.


name: hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to an hepatocyte growth factor receptor.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.


stem cell factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), a type III transmembrane kinase receptor.


CD40 receptor binding

description: Binding to CD40, a receptor found on the surface of all B-lymphocytes.


CD27 receptor binding

description: Binding to a CD27, a receptor found on the surface of T cells and some B cells and NK cells.


ErbB-2 class receptor binding

description: Binding to a protein-tyrosine kinase receptor Neu/ErbB-2/HER2.


integrin binding

description: Binding to an integrin.


hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.


name: gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH), any of a family of decapeptide amide hormones that are released by the hypothalamus in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. In at least mammals, upon receptor binding, GnRH causes the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary.


neuropeptide hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones.


neurohypophyseal hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of a neurohypophyseal hormone, any of a family of structurally and functionally related nonapeptides that are synthesized as part of a larger precursor molecule comprising a signal peptide, the nonapeptide hormone, and a neurophysin.


pheromone activity

description: The activity of binding to and activating specific cell surface receptors, thereby inducing behavioral, developmental, or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell. The substance may be released or retained on the cell surface. Pheromones may serve as a specific attractant, social communicator, or sexual stimulant.


structural molecule activity

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.


structural constituent of cell wall

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall.


structural constituent of cytoskeleton

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.


name: extracellular matrix structural constituent

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix.


structural constituent of eye lens

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the lens of an eye.


structural constituent of egg chorion

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an egg chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chitin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, accross or in between cells.


monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the facilitated diffusion of a monoatomic ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. May be either selective (it enables passage of a specific ion only) or non-selective (it enables passage of two or more ions of same charge but different size).


name: intracellularly ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

description: Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration and is sensitive to the plant alkaloid ryanodine.


name: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: intracellularly cyclic nucleotide-activated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: intracellularly cAMP-activated cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: intracellularly cGMP-activated cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cGMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


volume-sensitive anion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic anion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.


name: calcium-activated cation channel activity

description: Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


name: intracellular sodium-activated potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a sodium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. Sodium activated potassium channels have distinctive properties, including a large single channel conductance, subconductance states, and a block of single channel currents at positive potentials, similar to inward rectification.


name: intracellularly calcium-gated chloride channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a calcium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


name: extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, where channel opening contributes to an increase in membrane potential.


name: extracellularly glutamate-gated ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


name: inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular inhibitory ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Inhibitory ligands, such as GABA or glycine, open chloride-selective channels.


name: inward rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force. The inward-rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a specific ligand or ligands, and as a result the macroscopic conductance depends on the difference between membrane voltage and the K+ equilibrium potential rather than on membrane voltage itself.


gap junction channel activity

description: A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes.


name: voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


calcium channel regulator activity

description: Modulates the activity of a calcium channel.


voltage-gated chloride channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: voltage-gated potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: A-type (transient outward) potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel that produces a transient outward current upon a step change in membrane potential.


name: delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a delayed rectifying voltage-gated channel. A delayed rectifying current-voltage relation is one where channel activation kinetics are time-dependent, and inactivation is slow.


name: open rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an open rectifier voltage-gated channel. An open rectifier current-voltage relationship is one in which the direction of rectification depends on the external potassium ion concentration.


monoatomic anion channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a monoatomic anion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


chloride channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a chloride ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


name: intracellularly ATP-gated chloride channel activity

description: Enables passage of a chloride ion through a transmembrane channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane.


monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a monoatomic cation through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


calcium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


potassium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


sodium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


name: allantoin:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: allantoin(out) + H+(out) = allantoin(in) + H+(in) by secondary active transport.


name: amine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group.


name: acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of acetylcholine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acetylcholine(in) = H+(in) + acetylcholine(out).


amino acid:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + H+(out) = amino acid(in) + H+(in).


amino acid:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


name: high-affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have a pH above 7. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: high-affinity L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


name: high-affinity L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: high-affinity lysine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: neutral L-amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a neutral L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


name: neutral L-amino acid:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral L-amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = neutral L-amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


name: proline:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + H+(out) = proline(in) + H+(in).


name: proline:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + Na+(out) = proline(in) + Na+(in).


name: high-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: L-tyrosine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-tyrosine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-tyrosine is 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


name: L-valine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-valine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-valine is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


name: choline:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: choline(out) + Na+(out) = choline(in) + Na+(in).


name: creatine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of creatine from one side of a membrane to the other. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.


name: creatine:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: creatine(out) + Na+(out) = creatine(in) + Na+(in).


name: dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups.


name: L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamate is the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


name: high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of phosphate ions from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


name: high-affinity phosphate:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction:phosphate(out) + Na+(out) = phosphate(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


lipid transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


name: long-chain fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


name: neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neurotransmitter(out) + Na+(out) = neurotransmitter(in) + Na+(in).


name: dopamine:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dopamine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= dopamine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl(in).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: norepinephrine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = norepinephrine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: serotonin(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = serotonin(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).


name: nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A nucleotide-sugar is any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


name: nucleotide-sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of nucleotide-sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: organic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


organic acid:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).


oxygen carrier activity

description: Binding to oxygen and delivering it to an acceptor molecule or a specific location.


name: purine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: purine ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


ATP transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: carbohydrate:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: carbohydrate(out) + H+(out) = carbohydrate(in) + H+(in).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-glucoside(out) + H+(out) = alpha-glucoside(in) + H+(in). Alpha-glucosides include trehalose, maltose, turanose, isomaltose, alpha-methylglucoside, maltotriose, palatinose, trehalose and melezitose.


name: fructose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


name: galactose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


name: glucose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: glucose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


name: high-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. This activity is constitutive and therefore always present, regardless of demand. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: low-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


name: insulin-responsive glucose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+, in response to a stimulus by insulin. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


name: low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


name: maltose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of maltose from one side of a membrane to the other. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen and starch.


name: maltose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: maltose(out) + H+(out) = maltose(in) + H+(in).


name: myo-inositol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of myo-inositol from one side of a membrane to the other. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


name: myo-inositol:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + H+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + H+(in).


name: myo-inositol:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + Na+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + Na+(in).


name: taurine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of a membrane to the other. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative which is important in the metabolism of fats.


name: taurine:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: taurine(out) + Na+(out) = taurine(in) + Na+(in).


name: tricarboxylate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of tricarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


name: water transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of water (H2O) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: copper ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of copper (Cu) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of iron (Fe) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of manganese (Mn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of zinc (Zn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


P-type calcium transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(out).


name: P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in).


name: carbohydrate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).


name: glucose:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


name: nucleoside:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


name: amino acid:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + cation(out) = amino acid(in) + cation(in).


name: proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement.


name: calcium:sodium antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in).


name: sodium:phosphate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).


name: solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: inorganic anion(out) + solute(in) = inorganic anion (in) + solute(out).


name: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a CMP-N-acetylneuraminate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: GDP-fucose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a GDP-fucose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


name: GDP-mannose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a GDP-mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-mannose is a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


name: UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: UDP-glucose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: UDP-glucuronic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucuronic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylglucosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: UDP-xylose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of UDP-xylose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: succinate:fumarate antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + fumarate(in) = succinate(in) + fumarate(out).


name: ATP:ADP antiporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(out) + ADP(in) = ATP(in) + ADP(out).


name: carnitine:acyl carnitine antiporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine (mitochondrial) + acyl carnitine (cytoplasm) = carnitine (cytoplasm) + acyl carnitine (mitochondrial).


name: pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of pyruvate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


soluble NSF attachment protein activity

description: Binding to both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex.


SNAP receptor activity

description: Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.


binding

description: The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


steroid binding

description: Binding to a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.


androgen binding

description: Binding to an androgen, a male sex hormone.


vitamin D binding

description: Binding to vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


juvenile hormone binding

description: Binding to a juvenile hormone, a sesquiterpenoid derivative that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


retinoid binding

description: Binding to a retinoid, a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


11-cis retinal binding

description: Binding to 11-cis retinal, an isomer of retinal that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin or visual purple. Retinal is one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.


all-trans retinal binding

description: Binding to all-trans retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. All-trans retinal (trans r., visual yellow) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


fatty acid binding

description: Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


iron ion binding

description: Binding to an iron (Fe) ion.


copper ion binding

description: Binding to a copper (Cu) ion.


calcium ion binding

description: Binding to a calcium ion (Ca2+).


detection of calcium ion

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


protein binding

description: Binding to a protein.


calmodulin binding

description: Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.


collagen binding

description: Binding to collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


cytoskeletal regulatory protein binding

description: Binding to a protein involved in modulating the reorganization of the cytoskeleton.


insulin-like growth factor binding

description: Binding to an insulin-like growth factor, any member of a group of polypeptides that are structurally homologous to insulin and share many of its biological activities, but are immunologically distinct from it.


lamin binding

description: Binding to lamin; any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.


profilin binding

description: Binding to profilin, an actin-binding protein that forms a complex with G-actin and prevents it from polymerizing to form F-actin.


tropomyosin binding

description: Binding to tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.


ATP binding

description: Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


GTP binding

description: Binding to GTP, guanosine triphosphate.


macrolide binding

description: Binding to a macrolide, any of a large group of structurally related antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species.


FK506 binding

description: Binding to a 23-membered macrolide lactone FK506.


galactose binding

description: Binding to aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides.


D-glucose binding

description: Binding to D-enantiomers of glucose.


D-mannose binding

description: Binding to mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans.


glycosaminoglycan binding

description: Binding to a glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.


hyaluronic acid binding

description: Binding to hyaluronic acid, a polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.


folic acid binding

description: Binding to folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


phospholipid binding

description: Binding to a phospholipid, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


calcium-dependent phospholipid binding

description: Binding to a phospholipid, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester, in the presence of calcium.


1-phosphatidylinositol binding

description: Binding to a phosphatidylinositol, a glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


description: Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.


description: Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3', 4' and 5' positions.


phospholipid transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phospholipids are a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


odorant binding

description: Binding to an odorant, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.


pheromone binding

description: Binding to a pheromone, a substance, or characteristic mixture of substances, that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex).


extracellular region

description: The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.


fibrinogen complex

description: A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds.


membrane attack complex

description: A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow.


collagen trimer

description: A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.


collagen type XV trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XV) chains; a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan often found in specialized basement membranes where it bridges between fibrils.


fibrillar collagen trimer

description: Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils.


collagen type I trimer

description: A collagen trimer containing alpha(I) chains. The most common form of type I collagen is a heterotrimer containing two alpha1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) chain; homotrimers containing three alpha1(I) chains are also found. Type I collagen triple helices associate to form banded fibrils.


collagen type II trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


collagen type III trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(III) chains; type III collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


collagen type IV trimer

description: A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes.


collagen type V trimer

description: A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


collagen type VI trimer

description: A collagen heterotrimer containing type VI alpha chains in alpha1(VI)alpha2(VI)alpha3(VI) trimers; type VI collagen triple helices associate to form beaded fibrils.


collagen type VII trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(VII) chains; type VII collagen triple helices form antiparallel dimer, which in turn associate laterally to form anchoring fibrils that connect type IV collagen in the basal lamina to plaques in the underlying connective tissue. It binds laminin.


collagen type VIII trimer

description: A collagen heterotrimer containing type VIII alpha chains; [alpha1(VIII)2]alpha2(VIII) and alpha1(VIII)[alpha2(VIII)]2 trimers have been observed; type VIII collagen triple helices associate to form regular hexagonal nets.


collagen type XI trimer

description: A collagen heterotrimer containing type XI alpha chains in alpha1(XI)alpha2(XI)alpha3(XI) trimers; type XI collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


FACIT collagen trimer

description: A collagen trimer that associates with collagen fibrils and consists of collagen monomers that contain two or more relatively short triple-helical domains connected by non-triple-helical sequences.


collagen type IX trimer

description: A collagen heterotrimer containing type IX alpha chains in alpha1(IX)alpha2(IX)alpha3(IX) trimers; type IX collagen triple helices associate to form a structure that links glycosaminoglycans to type II collagen fibrils.


collagen type XII trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XII) chains; type XII collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.


collagen type XIV trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIV) chains; type XIV collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.


collagen type XVI trimer

description: A collagen trimer containing alpha(XVI) chains; type XVI trimers can associate with microfibrils.


short-chain collagen trimer

description: Any collagen trimer that does not form fibrils and that is relatively short compared to the collagen trimers that do form fibrils.


collagen type X trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(X) chains; type X collagen triple helices form hexagonal networks (sheets).


collagen type XIII trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIII) chains; type XIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.


name: classical-complement-pathway C3/C5 convertase complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of complement components C3 and C5, and acts in the classical pathway of complement activation; consists of one monomer of C2a and one monomer of C4b; C2a is the catalytic subunit, but cannot catalyze cleavage alone.


complement component C1 complex

description: A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.


basement membrane

description: A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.


laminin-1 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-2 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-3 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-4 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-5 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


laminin-6 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-7 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


interstitial matrix

description: A type of extracellular matrix found in interstitial connective tissue, characterized by the presence of fibronectins, proteoglycans, and types I, III, V, VI, VII and XII collagens.


extracellular space

description: That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.


larval serum protein complex

description: A multisubunit protein complex which, in Drosophila, is a heterohexamer of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The complex is thought to store amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.


cell wall

description: The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.


ascospore wall

description: The specialized cell wall of the ascospore (spore), which is the product of meiotic division. Examples of this component are found in Fungi.


cellular bud scar

description: Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation. The number of bud scars that accumulate on the surface of a cell is a useful determinant of replicative age.


intracellular anatomical structure

description: A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.


prospore membrane

description: The prospore membrane is a double-membraned structure that extends from the cytoplasmic face of the spindle pole bodies to encompass the spindle pole bodies and the four nuclear lobes that are formed during meiosis. It helps isolate the meiotic nuclei from the cytoplasm during spore formation and serves as a foundation for the formation of the spore walls. An example of this component is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.


dityrosine layer of spore wall

description: The outermost layer of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.