furaldehyde metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving furaldehyde, a furan ring-containing aldehyde compound which can be formed from the thermal decomposition of biomass.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 4-chloro-2-methylphenol + 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion + succinate + carbon dioxide.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


alternansucrase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from sucrose to alternately the 6-position and the 3-position of the non-reducing terminal residue of an alpha-D-glucan, thus producing a glucan having alternating alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,3-linkages.


name: negative regulation of biological process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


name: cyanate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: interleukin-1, type II, blocking receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity by inhibiting the activity of type I interleukin receptors.


regulation of cell budding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and growth of cell buds.


name: extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.


quinolinate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


dicarboxylate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an omega-dicarboxylic acid + CoASH= AMP + diphosphate + an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA.


name: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


response to toluene

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toluene stimulus.


nuclear body organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any of the extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.


name: negative regulation of maltose transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.


name: (R)-mandelate catabolic process to catechol

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including catechol.


ecgonone methyl ester catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonone methyl ester.


beta-caryophyllene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-caryophyllene.


regulation of exocyst localization

description: Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.


name: positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


name: MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), resulting in activation of MAPKKK. MAPKKK signaling pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli.


name: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (vanilloyl-glucose dependent) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose = H+ + cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + vanillate.


regulation of hippo signaling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.


biotin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


name: negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


juvenile hormone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


name: regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.


name: positive regulation of blood circulation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.


IgM binding

description: Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4'''-demalonylsalvianin + malonyl-CoA = salvianin + coenzyme A.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroxyfumarate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.


COPII-coated vesicle budding

description: The evagination of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane, resulting in formation of a COPII-coated vesicle.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + L-glutamate.


response to external stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.


spheroidene biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spheroidene.


valine dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH.


vasodilation

description: An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.


tRNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.


skotomorphogenesis

description: The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation in response to growth in darkness.


name: ATP-dependent DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalytic activity that acts to transfer a methyl group to a DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O.


7-methylguanosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.


regulation of dauer larval development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


plasmid recombination

description: A process of DNA recombination occurring within a plasmid or between plasmids and other plasmids or DNA molecules.


secologanin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: loganin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = secologanin + NADP+ + 2 H2O.


name: G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity

description: Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


name: aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.


name: positive regulation of cholesterol storage

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


name: negative regulation of molecular function in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


interleukin-17F production

description: The appearance of interleukin-17F due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


chemical homeostasis

description: Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical.


name: mesothelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in early lung development

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesothelial cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.


name: W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


snRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

description: Activity that provides specificity to a pseudouridine synthetase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific pseudouridylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


name: G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor activity

description: Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cellular response to salt stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


aculeacin-A deacylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the amide bond in aculeacin A and related neutral lipopeptide antibiotics, releasing the long-chain fatty acid side-chain.


name: positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.


musculoskeletal movement

description: The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system.


(R)-mandelate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + acceptor = phenylglyoxylate + reduced acceptor.


mammary gland alveolus development

description: The progression of the mammary gland alveolus over time, from its formation to its mature state. The mammary gland alveolus is a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland.


9-fluorenone dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + 2 NADPH + O2 = 2 NADP+ + 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-9-fluorenone.


regulation of complement activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene.


(E)-caffeate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-caffeate + ATP + CoA = (E)-caffeoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


cholesterol 25-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + cholesterol + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O.


regulation of leukocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.


name: lipid A-core heptosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: galactosyl-glucosyl3-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-bisphosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = lipid A-core + ADP + H+.


alpha,alpha-phosphotrehalase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8S,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoate.


name: peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine

description: The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.


name: positive regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + NAD+ + H2O.


stellate cell precursor proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to stellate cells. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


alkylamidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhexanamide + H2O = hexanoate + methylammonium.


3-phenylpropionate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. It is produced from putrefaction of proteins in soil or breakdown of several constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils and resins.


positive regulation of seed germination

description: Any process that activates or increase the rate of seed germination.


fungal-type cell wall assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a fungal-type cell wall.


name: vitamin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a vitamin from one side of a membrane to the other.


skeletal muscle organ development

description: The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue.


methionine adenosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


sepiapterin reductase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP+ = sepiapterin + NADPH + H+ and (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP+ = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = N-isopropylammelide + ethylamine.


name: female germline ring canal stabilization

description: Maintenance of the structural integrity of the ring canals connecting the female germline cyst.


response to sulfur dioxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = alpha-D-galactosyl-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + 1,2-diacylglycerol.


intracellular nickel ion homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nickel ions within a cell.


name: regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

description: Any process that mediates the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.


unsubstituted mannan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.


phospholipid scramblase activity

description: Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, by an ATP-independent mechanism.


name: response to differentiation-inducing factor 1

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.


DDT 2,3-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT. 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDT.


XCL1 production

description: The appearance of XCL1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex.


name: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 3'',6''-O-dimalonyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + malonyl-CoA(5-) = cyanidin 3-O-(3''', 6''-O-dimalonyl-beta-glucopyranoside) + coenzyme A.


name: myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons

description: The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve.


pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pimelyl-CoA = 2,3-didehydropimeloyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.


name: post-embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


name: galactose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


name: negative regulation of lymphocyte activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-glutamate.


name: myeloid cell activation involved in immune response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

description: The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.


name: quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: quinate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NADPH + H+.


name: regulation of purine nucleobase metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving purines.


name: positive regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


name: convergent extension involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

description: The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.


name: vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem

description: The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.


name: 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.


enterobactin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


fucoidanase activity

description: Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,2-alpha-L-fucoside linkages in fucoidan without release of sulfate.


tendon cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tendon cell. Tendon cell are elongated fibrocytes in which the cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. Tendon cells have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance.


methyl fluoride metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl fluoride, fluorine-substituted methane, a gaseous halogenated hydrocarbon that has been investigated as an inhibitor of methanotrophy and nitrification in soils.


name: N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (N1-acetylspermidine-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N1-acetylspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.


sperm storage

description: The retention of sperm by a female following mating.


name: glycine betaine-activated nonselective monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when glycine betaine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


urea cycle

description: The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate.


regulation of female gonad development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


AMP-activated protein kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of AMP.


name: protein localization to eisosome filament

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a eisosome filament (also called linear eisosome), a filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.


description: Catalysis of the reaction:1-(1,2-saturated alkyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


name: regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from early origin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of firing from an early origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.


detection of oxidative stress

description: The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.


GDP-L-galactose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


name: metanephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric interstitial fibroblast.


name: negative regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


brush border assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of adjacent microvilli through the formation of Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links between them, forming a brush border.


spore encystment

description: The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = stachyose + myo-inositol.


name: methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step.


forked DNA-dependent helicase activity

description: Unwinding a DNA helix containing forked DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: galactogen + UDP-galactose = 1,6-beta-D-galctosylgalactogen + UDP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate = H2O + NADP+ + trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate.


neuronal pentraxin receptor activity

description: Combining with a neuronal pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: intracellularly gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: co-transcriptional lncRNA 3' end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway

description: Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled 3' processing of RNA polymerase II lncRNA transcripts by the 3' end cleavage and addition of a poly(A) tail.


streptomycin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media; it acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.


name: positive regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


mitochondrial translational termination

description: The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in a mitochondrion, usually in response to a termination codon (note that mitochondria use variants of the universal genetic code that differ between different taxa).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + lipid IV(a).


name: positive regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chlorophyll catabolic process.


diamine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a diamine + H2O + O2 = a monoamine + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host receptor-mediated endocytosis

description: A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances host receptor-mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: galactose to glucose-1-phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways in which galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose, is converted to glucose-1-phosphate.


name: glutathione derivative biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione derivative.


name: tRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylguanine.


name: symbiont-mediated pore formation in host plasma membrane

description: The disruption of host plasma membrane integrity by formation of a pore, resulting in deregulated ion homeostasis, and cellular dysfunction that can result in cell death.


olfactory nerve formation

description: The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


name: receptor localization to non-motile cilium

description: A process in which a receptor is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


female gamete generation

description: Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.


pre-mRNA branch point binding

description: Binding to a pre-mRNA branch point sequence, located upstream of the 3' splice site.


name: tetrapeptide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of tetrapeptide from one side of a membrane to the other.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methyladenine.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

description: Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


name: positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication.


name: peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form tele-methylhistidine

description: The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine).


basement membrane assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue.


diphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving diphosphate, the anion or salt of diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate = adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate.


alpha-bisabolene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,R)-alpha-bisabolene + diphosphate.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


name: calcium ion binding involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: The directed change of free calcium ion concentration in the postsynaptic cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


cellular response to methylamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.


cognition

description: The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.


name: renal interstitial fibroblast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a renal interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: negative regulation of cell fate determination

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.


name: symbiont-mediated stabilization of host tight cell-cell junction

description: The process in which a symbiont organism that stabilizes the its host tight cell-cell junctions, making them less dynamic. The tight junction is a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other, and plays a role in the inflammatory response of the host.


lymphocyte apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a lymphocyte, a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.


name: protein localization to ciliary membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.


4-hydroxymandelate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelate + CO2.


name: regulation of mammary gland cord elongation by mammary fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of mammary gland cord elongation as a result of a signal being created by a mesenchymal cell that is a precursor to the mammary fat and its subsequent reception and interpretation by an mammary cord epithelial cell.


hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: hydroxylamine + NH3 = hydrazine + H2O, and hydrazine + acceptor = N2 + reduced acceptor.


name: ventricular septum intermedium morphogenesis

description: The developmental process in which a ventricular septum intermedium is generated and organized.


name: methylglyoxal catabolic process to lactate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into lactate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: chondroitin D-glucuronate = dermatan L-iduronate.


name: cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone

description: The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane.


name: reduced coenzyme F420:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + CoB-S-S-CoM = coenzyme F420 + CoM-SH + CoB-SH.


name: global genome nucleotide-excision repair

description: The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.


larval walking behavior

description: The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


name: negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.


glycolate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).


FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: FAD = AMP + H+ + riboflavin cyclic-4',5'-phosphate.


name: Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity

description: Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gq/11 subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gq/11 subunit subsequently activates phospholipase C and results in an increase in inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels.


regulation of lipase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


cold-induced thermogenesis

description: The process by which heat is generated by increasing metabolism in response to cold ambient temperatures in order to maintain a stable core body temperature.


oenocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oenocyte. Oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


floral whorl development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a floral whorl over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A floral whorl is a circular arrangement of parts of a flower arising from a stem of a plant.


cutin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cutin, a waxy substance, which combined with cellulose forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.


nicotine dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nicotine + acceptor + H2O = (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + reduced acceptor.


name: T cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: positive regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


name: pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid.


URM1 transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y = Y-URM1 + X, where both X-URM1 and Y-URM1 are covalent linkages.


optic nerve maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the optic nerve to attain its fully functional state. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


sterol O-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a sterol ester.


ER-nucleus signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation.


galactomannan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactose as single side units.


Peyer's patch development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


cellular response to UV

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


platelet morphogenesis

description: Generation and organization of a platelet, a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.


haloalkane dehalogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-haloalkane + H2O = a primary alcohol + halide.


description: Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylethanolamine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine.


autophagosome localization

description: Any process in which an autophagosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


name: ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor activity

description: Combining with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle

description: A pathway leading to the fixation of two molecules of CO2 and the production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and fumarate reductase the reduction of fumarate forming succinate.


alanine racemase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine = D-alanine.


regulation of Toll signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.


name: erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


response to cytochalasin B

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.


rhombomere 3 morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 3 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


beak development

description: The progression of the beak over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-pantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H+ = (R)-pantetheine + CO2.


description: Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-D-galactofuranose.


maternal aggressive behavior

description: Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.


regulation of conidium formation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


name: cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


name: G protein-coupled nucleotide receptor activity

description: Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: heptosyl-KDO2-lipid A + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A + ADP + H+.


glutamate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


metallochaperone activity

description: Binding to and delivering metal ions to a target protein.


name: response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


name: positive regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


cerebellar cortex morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


long-chain fatty acid binding

description: Binding to a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


shelterin complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a shelterin complex. A shelterin complex is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.


positive regulation of circadian rhythm

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


name: negative regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.


response to protozoan

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.


name: regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized.


shoot system morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground.


name: 'de novo' L-methionine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components.


name: ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] = adenosine diphosphate ribose + [dinitrogen reductase].


MBF transcription complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MBF transcription complex.


name: pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


name: voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

description: Voltage-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential. This is a key step in synaptic transmission, following the arrival of an action potential at the synapse.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NADP+ = D-mannose 6-phosphate + 3 H+ + NADPH.


cellular response to arsenite(3-)

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.


stress response to copper ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a copper ion stimulus.


name: CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.


name: establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


regulation of vegetative phase change

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vegetative phase change. Vegetative phase change is the set of post-embryonic processes involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


name: regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


taxane 13-alpha-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = H2O + NADP+ + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha,13alpha-diol.


primary lung bud formation

description: The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds.


name: arachidonate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of arachidonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


vinorine hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + vinorine = H2O + NADP+ + vomilenine.


viral genome circularization

description: The circularization of a viral genome following infection of a host cell. This is common amongst bacterial viruses to protect the viral genome ends from nucleases, to convert the linear genome to an integrative precursor or to give rise to the replicative form of the genome. It can be mediated by covalent closure of the DNA sticky ends, recombinaison between redundant terminal sequences or via the binding of a protein at the viral DNA extremities.


name: positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


radial spoke assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the radial spoke, a protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus

description: The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus.


name: negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotriose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


somatostatin receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


name: positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + butanoyl-CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + butanoate.


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

description: A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step of each oxidation cycle, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass through the respiratory chain to oxygen and leave H2O as the product. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


name: positive regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


regulation of laminaritriose transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.


liver regeneration

description: The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.


name: efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve.


cellular response to mercury ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.


glutamine N-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + N-acyl-L-glutamine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ + a stearoyl-[acp] = nonadec-1-ene + 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


name: negative regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of orcinol biosynthetic process.


hemicellulose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.


MHC class II biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.


DNA replication checkpoint signaling

description: A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA replication checkpoint, that prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.


name: positive regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.


telencephalon regionalization

description: The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops.


calcium ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell.


name: regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


name: pigment accumulation in response to UV light

description: The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


name: regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


name: hindbrain radial glia guided cell migration

description: The radially directed movement of a cell along radial glial cells in the hindbrain. Radial migration refers to a directed movement from the internal ventricular area to the outer surface of the hindbrain.


dGMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).


name: regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


intracellular magnesium ion homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of magnesium ions within a cell.


prepulse inhibition

description: The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse.


name: negative regulation of striated muscle contraction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.


name: ingression involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

description: The migration of individual cells into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


name: negative regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.


name: positive regulation of DNA recombination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.


name: positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


nitrate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.


photosynthetic NADP+ reduction

description: An NADPH regeneration process that contributes to the light reactions of photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis use energy from photons to generate high-energy electrons. These electrons are used directly to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH is a relatively stable molecule and can pass on its hydrogen atom to other molecules in chemical reactions.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol.


lymph vessel morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of lymph vessels are generated and organized. The lymph vessel is the vasculature carrying lymph.


cytochrome metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cytochrome.


L-glutamine aminotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-glutamine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


protein demethylase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a protein.


cephalosporinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a cephalosporin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the cephalosporin.


name: modulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

description: The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of its symbiont organism.


name: post-embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the post-embryonic life stage.


histone H3 ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H3 substrate.


name: negative regulation of odontoblast differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.


name: histone H3K23 acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 23) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 23).


heart wedging

description: The morphogenetic process in which the aorta inserts between the atrioventricular valves, contributing to the shaping of the heart.


name: protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-cellobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + cellobiose(out) = protein histidine + cellobiose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


name: regulation of DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing.


leucophore differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a leucophore cell. Leucophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain uric acid or other purine crystals, deposited in stacks called leucosomes. This gives them a white appearance.


tRNA gene clustering

description: The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell nucleus

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cell nucleus.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20b in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil20b in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defense response

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with the ability of the host to mount a defense in response to its presence. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


methane catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.


name: negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which reduces appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-N6-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + acetyl-CoA = (R)-N6-(S8-acetyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + CoA.


response to organonitrogen compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


rubredoxin-NADP+ reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADPH + H+.


name: spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


morphogenesis of an epithelium

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: dithioerythritol + thiosulfate = hydrogen sulfide + dithioerythritol disulfide + sulfite.


name: beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-hydroxypropionate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-hydroxypropionate.


name: D-xylose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-xylose(out) + H+(out) = D-xylose(in) + H+(in).


name: germarium-derived oocyte fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cold-induced thermogenesis.


name: vascular endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress

description: Any response to fluid shear stress in a vascular endothelial cell.


fumonisin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumonisin.


name: positive regulation of olefin metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.


name: regulation of cellular response to alcohol

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.


SCF ubiquitin ligase complex binding

description: Binding to a SCF ubiquitin ligase complex.


name: regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

description: The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the dorsal spinal cord.


leukotriene receptor activity

description: Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


carbon dioxide binding

description: Binding to carbon dioxide.


UDP-D-galacturonate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: negative regulation of HRI-mediated signaling

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of HRI-mediated signaling.


name: negative regulation of anion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


L-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ + NADH.


aryl sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.


protein insertion into membrane

description: The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


name: paracellular tight junction channel activity

description: Enables size- and charge-selective transport of solutes through a tight junction barrier paracellularly, across the epithelium.


inner ear morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.


protein-bilin linkage

description: The covalent linkage of bilin and a protein.


stomium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stomium is a fissure or pore in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-N-acetyl-D-galactosalaminyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = 3-O-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-[protein] + UDP. Linkage of the glycan to the protein occurs via the oxygen atom in the side chain of an L-serine or L-threonine residue.


pronephric glomerulus morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


phthalate binding

description: Binding to a phthalate, any ester or salt of phthalic acid.


name: ABC-type iron-sulfur cluster transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + iron-sulfur cluster(in) = ADP + phosphate + iron-sulfur cluster(out).


rhombomere 1 structural organization

description: The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


glucanosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the splitting and linkage of glucan molecules, resulting in glucan chain elongation.


name: perillic acid-CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + perillyl-CoA.


2-propylphenol monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-propylphenol + O2 + NADH + H+ = 3-propylcatechol + H2O + NAD.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + A = AH(2) + orotate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + H+ = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O.


thymus epithelium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the thymus epithelium is generated and organized.


response to rapamycin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.


acylglycerol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.


intestinal epithelial cell migration

description: The orderly movement of an intestinal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


forebrain neuroblast differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of basal progenitor cells, neuroblasts that lose their contacts with the ventricular surface. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


name: intracellularly ATP-gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate + succinyl-CoA = citramalyl-CoA + succinate.


cardioblast cell midline fusion

description: The attachment of cardiac progenitor cells to one another that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


peptidyl-arginine N-methylation

description: The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


oxygen carrier activity

description: Binding to oxygen and delivering it to an acceptor molecule or a specific location.


acrosome matrix dispersal

description: The proteolytic digestion of components in the acrosomal matrix that occurs as part of the acrosome reaction. The process can occur either in the cumulus oophorous facilitating the penetration of it by the sperm, or at the zona pellucida allowing the sperm to reach the plasma membrane of the egg where the inner acrosomal membrane of the sperm can interact with the egg plasma membrane.


ribonucleoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


response to glutathione

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glutathione stimulus.


name: molybdenum incorporation into molybdenum-molybdopterin complex

description: The incorporation of molybdenum into a molybdenum-molybdopterin complex.


protein arginylation

description: The conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein; required for the degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway.


regulation of glycerol transport

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: negative regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

description: Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of heart rate in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of the heart rate of the bitten/stung organism.


rhombomere 7 formation

description: The process that gives rise to rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


name: regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of CD8-positive alpha-beta T cells such that the total number of CD8-positive alpha-beta T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


name: cell motility in response to potassium ion

description: Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


name: negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


glutathione thiolesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-acylglutathione + H2O = a carboxylate + glutathione + H+.


stamen formation

description: The process that contributes to the act of giving rise to the stamen. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


name: organ or tissue specific immune response

description: An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.


rhombomere 4 morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate = long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phosphoglycerate.


centrosome localization

description: Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


name: protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine

description: The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine.


pentadec-1-ene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentadec-1-ene.


retina homeostasis

description: A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


name: asparagine biosynthetic process from oxaloacetate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including oxaloacetate.


dinitrosyl-iron complex binding

description: Binding to a dinitrosyl-iron complex. Nitric oxide (NO) is stored as dinitrosyl-iron complexes, which form spontaneously from Glutathione (GSH), S-nitrosoglutathione, and trace amounts of ferrous ions, or by reaction of iron-sulfur centers with NO.


homoaconitate hydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-homoisocitrate = cis-homoaconitate + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)+ + H2O = N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)H + H+.


phosphoketolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.


name: positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activity

description: Combining with an enkephalin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. A enkephalin is a pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) involved in regulating nociception in the body.


pons structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pons. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


name: positive regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


RNA glycosylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in an RNA molecule.


apigenin 7-O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + apigenin-7-olate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + genkwanin.


DNA double-strand break processing

description: The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.


name: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-beta-L-rhamnose + L-arginyl-[protein] = dTDP + H+ + N(omega)-(L-rhamnosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein].


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host Rab signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont alters a Rab protein family-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


description: Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-threonylcarbomyladenosine (t6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2t6A).


name: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


B-1 B cell homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


name: protein transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of neuron migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.


name: negative regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


thiaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thiamine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n) + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n+1).


glial cell-neuron signaling

description: Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a glial cell to a neuron. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules, depending on which glial cells release them, and in which tissues the signaling occurs, e.g. microglial cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) in the retina, or microglial cell-derived superoxide ions in the cerebellum.


name: positive regulation of osteoclast development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.


name: symbiont-mediated evasion of DNA end degradation by host

description: A process by which a symbiont evades and ends degradation of its DNA when free DNA ends are exposed. DNA ends are exposed during the life cycle of some viruses and these are targeted by host cells to destroy the virus. For example, some bacteriophages encode proteins that bind to free viral DNA ends, protecting them from degradation by host exonucleases.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethoxyuridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-methoxycarbonylmethoxyuridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


multi-organism reproductive process

description: A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism.


name: ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

description: Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


protein polymerization

description: The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.


tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


cholesterol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NAD = cholest-5-en-3-one + NADH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.


name: salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid glucose ester + UDP.


L-xylulokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-xylulose = ADP + L-xylulose 5-phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate.


collagen V binding

description: Binding to a type V collagen trimer.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host induced systemic resistance

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + a standard alpha amino acid = L-homomethionine + a 2-oxo carboxylate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = halima-5(6),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.


name: negative regulation of vitamin metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


name: multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.


cholesterol sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + cholesterol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + cholesterol sulfate + H+.


name: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+.


cellular response to oxygen radical

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.


name: maintenance of imaginal histoblast diploidy

description: The negative regulation of the differentiation of polytenized larval hypodermal cells from abdominal histoblasts. The abdominal histoblasts remain a small cluster of diploid cells among the polytenized larval hypodermal cells.


sulfiredoxin activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine) + ATP + 2 R-SH = peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine) + ADP + phosphate + R-S-S-R.


name: negative regulation of memory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.


name: sodium:galactoside symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ galactoside(out) = sodium(in) + galactoside(in).


pectoral fin morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


synaptic vesicle clustering

description: The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles in presynaptic structures.


lung induction

description: The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung.


actin cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


signal clustering

description: Grouping of multiple copies of a signal at a cellular location. May promote receptor clustering and alter the signal transduction response.


xylan acetylation

description: The addition of one or more acetyl groups to a xylan molecule.


name: epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation

description: Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a ligand for an epidermal growth factor receptor. The ligand is functional when it can bind to and activate an epidermal growth factor receptor.


dihydromethanopterin reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + NADPH = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NADP.


name: maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)

description: Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


name: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside] sinapoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-malonylglucoside + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6'-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside + beta-D-glucose.


regulation of bone remodeling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity.


fruit development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.


name: leg disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the leg imaginal disc.


name: regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.


K antigen metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.