actin cortical patch

description: An endocytic patch that consists of an actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. An example of this is the actin cortical patch found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


endocytic patch

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The part of the cell cortex consisting of an aggregation of proteins that will give rise to an endocytic vesicle.


name: intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which cations ions may pass in response to an intracellular cyclic nucleotide binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


cation channel complex

description: An ion channel complex through which cations pass.


uniplex complex

description: A calcium channel complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane capable of highly-selective calcium channel activity. Its components include the EF-hand-containing proteins mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) and MICU2, the pore-forming subunit mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its paralog MCUb, and the MCU regulator EMRE.


HCN channel complex

description: A cation ion channel with a preference for K+ over Na+ ions, which is activated by membrane hyperpolarization, and consists of a tetramer of HCN family members. Some members of this family (HCN1, HCN2 and HCN4) are also activated when cAMP binds to their cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD). Channel complexes of this family play an important role in the control of pacemaker activity in the heart.


Kv4.2-KChIP1 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


name: Kir2 inward rectifier potassium channel complex

description: A inward rectifier potassium channel complex. Homo- or heterotetramer composed of subunits of the eukaryotic Kir2 protein family. Plays a key role in maintaining the correct resting potential in eukaryotic cells.


Kv4.2-KChIP3 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP3 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


name: mitochondrial ATP-gated potassium channel complex

description: A protein-containing complex that is capable of the ATP-dependent diffusion of a potassium ion across the mitochondrial inner membrane.


name: chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

description: A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane; it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during photo-phosphorylation.


voltage-gated sodium channel complex

description: A sodium channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.


ryanodine receptor complex

description: A voltage-gated calcium-release channel complex of the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum. It plays an important role in the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling of muscle cells. RyR comprises a family of ryanodine receptors, widely expressed throughout the animal kingdom.


name: L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex

description: A type of voltage-dependent calcium channel responsible for excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. 'L' stands for 'long-lasting' referring to the length of activation.


potassium channel complex

description: An ion channel complex through which potassium ions pass.


name: serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of serotonin-activated cation-selective channel activity. Mainly found in pre- and postsynaptic membranes of the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Depending on its location it transports Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ or K+. It is always a pentamer, containing at least the 5HT3A subunit forming 5HT3A homopentamers or 5HT3A/B heteropentamers. In human, 5HT3A/C, A/D and A/E heteropentamers also exist.


name: inward rectifier potassium channel complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


name: plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

description: A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


sodium channel complex

description: An ion channel complex through which sodium ions pass.


name: mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

description: A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.


name: proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

description: A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.


inward rectifying potassium channel

description: A protein complex that comprises four pore-forming (Kir6.x) and four regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SURx) subunits and forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass. The opening and closing of the channel is regulated by ATP: binding of ATP to the Kir6.x subunit inhibits channel activity, whereas binding of Mg2+-complexed ATP or ADP to the SURx subunit stimulates channel activity.


Kv4.2-KChIP2 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP2 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


name: kainate selective glutamate receptor complex

description: An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. Kainate receptors are multimeric assemblies of GluK1-3 (also called GluR5-7), GluK4 (KA1) and GluK5 (KA2) subunits.


Kv4.3-DPP10 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.


name: I(KACh) inward rectifier potassium channel complex

description: An inward rectifier potassium channel complex expressed in cardiac muscle, specifically the sinoatrial node and atria, where it controls the heart rate, via regulation by G protein-coupled receptor signaling. In mammals it is composed of GIRK1 (or Kir3.1) and GIRK4 (or Kir3.4) subunits.


Kv4.1-DPP10 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.


Kv4.3-DPP6 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.


calcium channel complex

description: An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.


Kv4.2-Kv4.3 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv alpha subunits 4.2 and 4.3.


CatSper complex

description: A sperm-specific voltage-gated calcium channel that controls the intracellular calcium ion concentration and, thereby, the swimming behavior of sperm. Consists of a heteromeric tetramer surrounding a calcium ion- selective pore. May also contain additional auxiliary subunits.


Kv4.2-KChIP4 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP4 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


name: light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential generated in response to a light stimulus.


Kv4.2-DPP6 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


Kv4.1-DPP6 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.


description: A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, endobrevin (VAMP8), and syntaxin 6 (or orthologs thereof).


flagella connector

description: A mobile transmembrane junction at the tip of the flagellum of some kinetoplastid species linking the tip of a new growing flagellum to an older flagellum.


TRAPPI protein complex

description: A complex that tethers COPII vesicles at ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Its role in this part of the vesicular transport may start at the ER exit sites. Binds to a component of the COPII coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33 which are regarded as the core subunits of all TRAPP complexes in yeast.


BIM-BCL-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BIM and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


macromolecule

A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


biomacromolecule

A macromolecule formed by a living organism.


name: 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase complex, mitochondrial

description: A mitochondrial protein complex which is capable of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase activity. In mammals, at least, consists as a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. MCCC-alpha has a covalently bound biotin essential for the ATP-dependent carboxylation. MCCC-beta possesses carboxyltransferase activity which presumably is essential for binding to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.


cytosolic creatine kinase complex

description: A dimeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


cellulose microfibril

description: A microfibril composed of cellulose arranged in orthogonal layers. Cellulose is a straight chain polysaccharide composed of B(14) linked glucose subunits. It is a major component of plant cell walls. Higher plant microfibrils are about 10nm in diameter and extremely long in relation to their width. The cellulose molecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the microfibril in a paracrystalline array, which provides great tensile strength. The microfibrils are held in place by the wall matrix and their orientation is closely controlled by the cell.


integrin alpha6-beta4 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta4 subunit.


neck portion of tanycyte

description: Elongated portion of a tanycyte that sticks into the periventricular layer of neuropil where it appears to contact a blood vessel; characterized by numerous cytoplasmic extensions. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS.


lamellipodium membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a lamellipodium.


MAD1 complex

description: A protein complex involved in the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex that in turn inhibits the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C).


chloroplast chromosome

description: A circular DNA molecule containing chloroplast encoded genes.


plastid chromosome

description: A circular DNA molecule containing plastid encoded genes.


Prp19 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of Prp19 and associated proteins that is involved in the transition from the precatalytic spliceosome to the activated form that catalyzes step 1 of splicing, and which remains associated with the spliceosome through the second catalytic step. It is widely conserved, found in both yeast and mammals, though the exact composition varies. In S. cerevisiae, it contains Prp19p, Ntc20p, Snt309p, Isy1p, Syf2p, Cwc2p, Prp46p, Clf1p, Cef1p, and Syf1p.


phenylalanine-tRNA ligase complex

description: An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).


IgX immunoglobulin complex

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgX isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgX immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


somatic spine

description: Spine emanating from the cell soma of a neuron.


name: nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex

description: A nuclear membrane protein complex which connects the nuclear outer and inner membranes together, and links thereby links the nuclear lumen to cytoplasmic microtubules.


name: mitotic nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex

description: A protein complex capable of interacting with the spindle pole body and the nuclear envelope, in order to embed the spindle pole body in the nuclear envelope at fusion sites of the inner and outer nuclear membrane.


glycinergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses glycine as a neurotransmitter.


PCSK9-LDLR complex

description: A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Interaction typically occurs through the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A (EGF-A) domain of the LDLR, and complex formation promotes degradation of the LDLR through the endosome/lysosome pathway.


platelet dense tubular network

description: A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin.


cytoplasmic replication fork

description: The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


protein phosphatase type 2A complex

description: A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity that is polycation-stimulated (PCS), being directly stimulated by protamine, polylysine, or histone H1; it constitutes a subclass of several enzymes activated by different histones and polylysine, and consists of catalytic, scaffolding, and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffolding subunits form the core enzyme, and the holoenzyme also includes the regulatory subunit.


host cell lysosomal membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.


name: mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)

description: All non-F1 subunits of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral mitochondrial inner membrane proteins.


cytochrome b6f complex

description: Complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome f, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.


oligosaccharyltransferase III complex

description: An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma and the tetrameric TRAP complex. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTIII complex has the strongest affinity for ribosomes.


cellular birth scar

description: Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the daughter cell, in budding fungi, at the site of separation from the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates, thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation.


cell cortex of growing cell tip

description: Any cell cortex that is part of a growing cell tip.


posterior cell cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the posterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


dendritic spine cytoplasm

description: The region of the neuronal cytoplasm located in dendritic spines.


lateral cell cortex

description: The region directly beneath the plasma membrane of the lateral portion of the cell.


pole plasm

description: Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.


apical cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the apical edge of a cell.


name: presynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component

description: The cytoplasmic component of the presynaptic endocytic zone.


dendrite cytoplasm

description: All of the contents of a dendrite, excluding the surrounding plasma membrane.


equatorial cell cortex

description: The region of the cell cortex in a mitotically dividing cell that flanks the central spindle and corresponds to the site of actomyosin ring formation that results in cleavage furrow formation and ingression.


name: presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component

description: A specialized region below the presynaptic membrane, characterized by electron-dense material, a specialized cytoskeletal matrix and accumulated (associated) synaptic vesicles.


cell cortex of cell tip

description: The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


cell cortex region

description: The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane.


medial cortex

description: A medial cortical band overlaying the nucleus which acts as a landmark for contractile ring positioning and plays a role in cell cycle regulation.


cytoplasmic region

description: Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm.


ooplasm

description: The cytoplasm of an ovum.


name: postsynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component

description: The cytoplasmic component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone.


cell leading edge cell cortex

description: The cell cortex of the leading edge of a cell.


apicomedial cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the middle of the apical edge of a cell.


basal cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell.


name: plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm

description: All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.


anterior cell cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the anterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


ciliary plasm

description: All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium.


cell cortex

description: The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.


neuron projection cytoplasm

description: All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.


sarcoplasm

description: The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


cell cortex of non-growing cell tip

description: The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip at which no growth takes place.


organellar small ribosomal subunit

description: The smaller of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome.


chloroplast small ribosomal subunit

description: The small subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


plastid small ribosomal subunit

description: The smaller of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome.


dinoflagellate hypocone

description: The part of a dinoflagellate cell below the cingulum; also referred to as the posterior portion of a dinoflagellate cell. It is separated from the epicone by the cingulum.


Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4 family and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.


Cul4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.


CLRC complex

description: An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.


nuclear outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


nuclear membrane

description: Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.


nuclear inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope.


Par3-APC-KIF3A complex

description: A protein complex that contains Par3, the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and the kinesin-related protein KIF3A; involved in establishing neuronal cell polarity.


name: plasma membrane respiratory chain complex III

description: A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


radial spoke base 2

description: The short portion of the radial spoke 2 (RS2) that is directly anchored to the A microtubule of an axonemal microtubule doublet.


description: Heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate into D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


germ tube

description: The slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most spores in germination.


Lsm2-8 complex

description: A heteroheptameric, nuclear protein complex composed of Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, Lsm6, Lsm7, and Lsm8, or orthologs thereof, that selectively binds to snRNAs, in particular U6 or U6atac snRNAs, and also to unspliced transcripts localized within the nucleus.


NatB complex

description: A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Glu, Met-Asp, Met-Asn, or Met-Met N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat3p and Mdm20p.


ATPase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of ATPase activity.


SWI/SNF superfamily-type complex

description: A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.


Isw1b complex

description: An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc2p and Ioc4p.


B-WICH complex

description: A chromatin remodeling complex that positively regulates histone H3 acetylation, in particular H3K9, by recruiting histone acetyltransferases to rDNA gene regions. Located in the nucleolus where it assembles on RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) and possibly on RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) promoter and coding regions during early G1 phase and activates the post-initiation phases of Pol I transcription. May also activate RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) gene transcription. In mammals, B-WICH contains the WICH complex core of BAZ1B and SMARCA5, additional protein subunits and possibly rRNAs. Although it contains several catalytic subunits it is not clear which functions are carried out by the complex itself.


RSF complex

description: An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals) and an RSF1 homolog. It mediates nucleosome deposition and generates regularly spaced nucleosome arrays. In mammals, RSF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters).


NoRC complex

description: An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2H in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and a Tip5 homolog. In mammals, NoRC is involved in regulation of transcription from RNAP I and RNA polymerase III promoters.


Isw1a complex

description: An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc3p.


mBAF complex

description: A muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight to fourteen proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or the SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila brm (brahma) gene, or an ortholog of either of these genes, and the muscle-specific product of the DPF3/BAF45C gene or an ortholog thereof.


Isw1 complex

description: A protein complex that contains an Isw1 subunit from the ISWI-family of ATPases and acts to modify chromatin structure.


Ino80 complex

description: A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity.


SHREC complex

description: A histone deacetylase complex that contains a core of four proteins -- Clr1, Clr2, Clr3, and Mit1 in fission yeast -- and localizes to all heterochromatic regions in the genome as well as some euchromatic sites. The complex is involved in regulating nucleosome positioning to assemble higher-order chromatin structures.


ACF complex

description: An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and generally no other subunits, though Xenopus is an exception with a third non-conserved subunit. ACF plays roles in regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


name: archaeal proton-transporting A-type ATPase complex

description: A large proton-transporting two-sector ATPase protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane and is found in Archaea.


RSC-type complex

description: A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a bromodomain containing-protein, such as yeast Rsc1 or Rsc4 or mammalian PB1/BAF180. The RSC complex is generally recruited to RNA polymerase III promoters and is specifically recruited to RNA polymerase II promoters by transcriptional activators and repressors; it is also involved in non-homologous end joining.


nBAF complex

description: A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in post-mitotic neurons, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, DPF1/BAF45B, DPF3/BAF45C, ACTL6B/BAF53B genes. The nBAF complex along with CREST plays a role regulating the activity of genes essential for dendrite growth.


Swr1 complex

description: A multisubunit protein complex that is involved in chromatin remodeling. It is required for the incorporation of the histone variant H2AZ into chromatin. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains Swr1p, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, and 12 additional subunits.


CERF complex

description: An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2L in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and a CECR2 homolog. In mammals, CERF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters.


name: proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

description: A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient. The resulting transmembrane electrochemical potential of H+ is used to drive a variety of (i) secondary active transport systems via H+-dependent symporters and antiporters and (ii) channel-mediated transport systems. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. V-type ATPases are found in the membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, endosomes, and lysosomes, and in the plasma membrane.


npBAF complex

description: A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in neural stem or progenitor cells, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, PHF10/BAF45A, ACTL6A/BAF53A genes. The npBAF complex is essential for the self-renewal/proliferative capacity of the multipotent neural stem cells.


name: plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

description: A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the plasma membrane.


esBAF complex

description: An embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight or nine proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or an ortholog thereof. Compared to many other BAF complexes never contains ACTL6B/BAF53B, ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCA2/BRM, SMARCC2/BAF170 or SMARCD3/BAF60C but contains PHF10/BAF45A, DPF2/BAF45D and possibly one of BCL7A/B/C.


WICH complex

description: An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2H in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and WSTF (Williams Syndrome Transcription Factor). WICH plays roles in regulation of RNAP I and III transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


ESCRT IV complex

description: An ESCRT complex that has AAA-ATPase activity and is involved in ESCRT-mediated intralumenal vesicle formation and the final stages of cytokinesis. The complex catalyzes disassembly of the ESCRT III filament around the neck of the budding vesicle in an ATP-driven reaction, resulting in membrane scission and recycling of the ESCRT III components back to the cytosol. In yeast, it is formed by the AAA ATPase Vps4 and its cofactor Vta1.


ISWI-type complex

description: Any nuclear protein complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the imitation switch (ISWI) family. ISWI ATPases are involved in assembling chromatin and in sliding and spacing nucleosomes to regulate transcription of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III and also DNA replication, recombination and repair.


GBAF complex

description: A SWI/SNF subcomplex that incorporates two mutually exclusive paralogs, GLTSCR1 (glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1) or GLTSCR1L (GLTSCR1-like), BRD9 (bromodomain-containing 9) and the BAF subunits BAF155, BAF60, SS18, BAF53a, and BRG1/BRM.


NURF complex

description: An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2L in mammals), a NURF301 homolog (BPTF in humans), and additional subunits, though the composition of these additional subunits varies slightly with species. NURF is involved in regulation of transcription from TRNA polymerase II promoters.


CHD-type complex

description: A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a subunit from the CHD(Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding) family. The CHD family is characterized by two signature sequence motifs: tandem chromodomains located in the N-terminal region, and the SNF2-like ATPase domain located in the central region of the protein structure.


NuRD complex

description: An approximately 2 MDa multi-subunit complex that exhibits ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity in addition to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and has been shown to establish transcriptional repression of a number of target genes in vertebrates, invertebrates and fungi. Amongst its subunits, the NuRD complex contains histone deacetylases, histone binding proteins and Mi-2-like proteins.


CHRAC

description: An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


INO80-type complex

description: A chromatin remodeling protein complex initially purified from S. cerevisiae and containing more than 10 subunits, including the SWR1-related complexes. INO80 (inositol requiring 80)-type complexes have diverse functions, including promoting transcriptional activation and DNA repair.


enhanceosome

description: A protein-DNA complex formed by the association of a distinct set of general and specific transcription factors with a region of enhancer DNA. The cooperative assembly of an enhanceosome confers specificity of transcriptional regulation.


Cdc42 GTPase complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of the small GTPase Cdc42 with additional proteins. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains the Cdc42, Ras1, Scd1, Scd2, andShk1 proteins, and functions in the Ras1-Scd GTPase signaling pathway.


Derlin-1 retrotranslocation complex

description: A protein complex that functions in the retrotranslocation step of ERAD (ER-associated protein degradation), and includes at its core Derlin-1 oligomers forming a retrotranslocation channel.


virus tail, sheath

description: The external contractile envelope of the tail of some viruses. Its contraction ensures ejection of the virus DNA into the host cytoplasm.


lateral wall of outer hair cell

description: The lateral wall of an outer hair cell (OHC) is a unique trilaminate composite consisting of the plasma membrane, an underlying cytoskeletal network containing an actin-spectrin cortical lattice, and an adjacent system of circumferential lamellar organelles known as the subsurface cisternae.


pathogen-containing vacuole

description: A membrane-bound intracellular compartment that is formed upon internalization of a pathogen into a host cell, and in which the pathogen resides.


IRE1-RACK1-PP2A complex

description: A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), RACK1 (Receptor of activated protein kinase C 1, GNB2L1) and PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A). RACK1 acts as an adaptor to bridge an interaction between IRE1 and PP2A.


non-canonical inflammasome complex

description: An inflammasome complex containing CASP4, known as caspase-11 (Casp11) in mouse, which assembles upon cytosolic lipopolysaccharide-binding and directly activates Gasdermin-D (GSDMD).


name: type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex

description: A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of two subunits, Res and Mod, that functions as an endonuclease and cleaves DNA. Cleavage will only occur when there are two un-methylated copies of a specific recognition site in an inverse orientation on the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance away from one of the recognition sites. The Mod subunit can act alone as a methyltansferase. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


name: EGFR:ERBB2 complex

description: A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1). ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.


glial cell projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell.


astrocyte end-foot

description: Terminal process of astrocyte abutting non-neuronal surfaces in the brain.


spiny bracelet of Nageotte

description: Paranodal terminations of Schwann cells that do not directly contact the paranodal axon membrane. Usually found in thicker myelin.


astrocyte projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from the soma of an astrocyte and wrapping around neurons.


glial limiting end-foot

description: Terminal process of astrocyte that extends to the surface of the central nervous system. Together, glial limiting end-feet form the glial limiting membrane or glia limitans.


terminal loop

description: Portion of myelin-forming Schwann cell consisting of terminal cytoplasmic extensions adhered to the axon at the beginning and end of the myelin sheath.


capitate projection

description: Simple or compound process of epithelial glial cells with a spherical head that inserts into photoreceptor axons. Capitate projections have only been observed in Brachycera (flies).


ankyrin-1 complex

description: A complex composed of ANK1, RHCE, RHAG, SLC4A1, EPB42, GYPA, GYPB and AQP1, that functions in the stability and shape of the erythrocyte membrane in human.


name: cerebellar granule cell to Purkinje cell synapse

description: A synapse of a granule cell fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum.


pre-T cell receptor complex

description: A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.


dense nuclear body

description: A location in the host cell nucleus where viral proteins colocalize late in infection prior to the onset of viral DNA synthesis. More than one site can be present simultaneously.


HSP90-CDC37 chaperone complex

description: A protein kinase chaperone complex required for the proper folding, maturation and stabilization of target proteins (mostly signaling protein kinases, some steroid hormone receptors), usually during or immediately after completion of translation. The highly conserved, phosphorylated CDC37-Ser13 (vertebrates) or cdc37-Ser14 (yeast) is essential for complex assembly and target protein binding. CDC37-Ser13 (Ser14) is phosphorylated by Casein kinase II (CK2), which in turn is a target of CDC37 creating a positive feedback loop. Complex binding also prevents rapid ubiquitin-dependent proteosomal degradation of target proteins.


NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A Gcn5-independent multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3. The budding yeast complex includes Sas3p, Taf30p, and Yng1p.


acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of acetyltransferase activity.


Mst2 histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex that can catalyze the acetylation of lysine at position 14 in histone H3, and contains Mst2 as the catalytic subunit. In fission yeast, contains at least Mst2, Nto1, Ptf2, Ptf1 and Eaf6.


transcription factor TFTC complex

description: A protein complex that does not contain either a TATA-binding protein (TBP) or a TBP-like factor, but is composed of several TAFIIs and other proteins, including a histone acetyltransferase. This complex is able to nucleate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, can mediate transcriptional activation, and has histone acetyltransferase activity.


name: histone H3-K14 acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex that can catalyze the acetylation of lysine at position 14 in histone H3.


Hpa2 acetyltransferase complex

description: A tetrameric protein complex capable of acetyltransferase activity. It can catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to an acceptor residue on histone H-3, histone H-4, or on polyamines. The complex is also capable of acetylating certain small basic proteins. The two Hpa2 dimers that make up the tetramer are held together by interactions between the bound acetyl-CoA molecules.


NuA3a histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Yng1p and associates with H3K4me3 using Yng1p.


NatC complex

description: A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Ile, Met-Leu, Met-Trp, or Met-Phe N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Mak3p, Mak10p, and Mak31p.


name: MOZ/MORF histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A histone acetyltransferase complex that has histone H3 acetyltransferase and coactivator activities. Subunits of the human complex include MYST3/MOZ, MYST4/MORF, ING5, EAF6 and one of BRPF1, BRD1/BRPF2 and BRPF3.


NSL complex

description: A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residues at several positions. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, NSL1/KIAA1267, NSL2/KANSL2, NSL3/KANSL3, MCRS1, PHF20, OGT1, WDR5 and HCF1.


ATAC complex

description: A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and possibly H4. Shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of GCN5/PCAF-ADA2-ADA3-SGF29 (or orthologs) with the related SAGA complex (GO:0000124). Contains HAT subunits GCN5 or PCAF in a mutually exclusive manner. In addition to the HAT module contains DR1/NC2B, KAT14, MBIP, WDR5, YEATS2 and ZZZ3 or orthologs. Also regulates the activity of non-histone targets and orchestrates mitotic progression by regulating Cyclin A degradation through acetylation.


H3 histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3.


diamine N-acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of diamine N-acetyltransferase activity.


name: N-terminal protein acetyltransferase complex

description: A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule.


MSL complex

description: A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residue at position 16. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, and MSL1, MSL2 and MSL3.


SAGA-type complex

description: A histone acetyltransferase complex that acetylates nucleosomal histones H2B, H3, or H4 and is required for the expression of a subset of Pol II-transcribed genes. This complex includes the acetyltransferases GCN5/KAT2A or PCAF/KAT2B, several proteins of the ADA, SGF and SPT families, and several TBP-associate proteins (TAFs).


ADA complex

description: A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and H2B. In budding yeast shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of ADA2-GCN5-NGG1-SGF29 with the related SAGA complex.


H4 histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of H4 histone acetyltransferase activity.


NAGS/NAGK complex

description: A protein complex that acts both as N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) catalysing the production of N-Acetylglutamate from glutamate and acetyl-CoA, and as N-acetylglutamate kinase (NAGK) catalysing the reaction ATP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate.


name: H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histones H4 and H2A.


histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity.


protein acetyltransferase complex

description: A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule.


SLIK (SAGA-like) complex

description: A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains a smaller form of Spt7 (lacking the SPT8 binding region) than the fungal SAGA complex, and consequently lacks Spt8. The complex is involved in the yeast retrograde response pathway, which is important for gene expression changes during mitochondrial dysfunction.


NuA3b histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Pdp3 and associates with H3K4me3 via Pdp3p.


EGFR-Grb2-Sos complex

description: A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


dystroglycan complex

description: A protein complex that includes alpha- and beta-dystroglycan, which are alternative products of the same gene; the laminin-binding component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, providing a link between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton (in muscle cells) and the extracellular matrix. Alpha-dystroglycan is an extracellular protein binding to alpha-laminin and to beta-dystroglycan; beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein which binds alpha-dystroglycan and dystrophin.


ventral disc microtubule array

description: A part of the ventral disc of Giardia species (trophozoite stage) consisting of a spiral array of microtubules linked to the ventral membrane. These microtubules form the base of the ventral disc dorsal microribbons that extend nearly perpendicular from the membrane.


chloroplast intermembrane space

description: The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope.


GATA2-TAL1-TCF3-Lmo2 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA2, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.


Flemming body

description: A cell part that is the central region of the midbody characterized by a gap in alpha-tubulin staining. It is a dense structure of antiparallel microtubules from the central spindle in the middle of the intercellular bridge.


viral scaffold

description: A complex of proteins that form a scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.


unencapsulated part of cell

description: The part of a cell encompassing the intracellular environment and the plasma membrane; it excludes any external encapsulating structures.


glyoxysomal lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of a glyoxysome.


glycosome lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of a glycosome.


name: cytosolic proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

description: The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.


lateral part of cell

description: The region of a polarized cell other than its tips or ends (in some cell types, one end may be called the apex and the other the base). For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the lateral part includes the cell sides which interface adjacent cells.


lateral part of motile cell

description: The area of a motile cell perpendicular to the direction of movement.


incipient cellular bud site

description: The portion of the budding yeast plasma membrane where a daughter cell will emerge. The yeast marks this spot with bud-site selection proteins before bud emergence occurs. Actin is polarized to this spot just prior to and during bud emergence.


meiotic cohesin complex

description: A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex.


cohesin complex

description: A protein complex that is required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. The cohesin complex forms a molecular ring complex, and is composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1p and Smc3p, and the kleisin protein Scc1p. In vertebrates, the complex is composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domains to a kleisin (RAD21, REC8 or RAD21L) which links them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3).


mitotic cohesin complex

description: A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.


name: ethanolamine degradation polyhedral organelle

description: An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of ethanolamine whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic acetaldehyde product of the enzyme ethanolamine ammonia lyase.


Derlin-1-VIMP complex

description: A protein complex containing, in mammals, Derlin-1 and VCP-interacting membrane protein (VIMP). The complex links the p97/VCP-containing ATPase complex with Derlin-1 during translocation of protein substrates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol for degradation by the cytosolic proteasome.


ESCRT II complex

description: An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.


Ubisch body

description: A small, granular structure that is found in the extracellular matrix of cell of the secretory tapetal layer that surrounds developing pollen grains. Ubisch bodies have a sporopollenin coat, are attached to the peritapetal wall, and may play a role in pollen development.


SCF-Saf1/Pof9 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Saf1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof9 in S. pombe).


cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end

description: Any microtubule plus-end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule.


cortical microtubule plus-end

description: The plus-end of a cortical microtubule.


neutrophil extracellular trap

description: Extracellular microbicidal structure composed of nuclear chromatin, histones and granular antimicrobial proteins. Histones and several neutrophil granule proteins associated with the DNA framework damage entrapped microorganisms.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-talin complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to talin.


EXT1-EXT2 complex

description: A heterodimeric complex capable of glycosyltransferase activity required for the elongation of heparan sulfate chains. In humans, the complex consists of EXT1 and EXT2. In Drosophila, the complex consists of ttv and sotv.


U4/U6 snRNP

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the extensively base paired small nuclear RNAs U4 and U6, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins associated with U4, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex associated with U6, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4 snRNP or U6 snRNPs, some of which remain associated with the U4/U6 snRNA both while the U4 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


host cell chloroplast

description: A chlorophyll-containing plastid as found within host cells with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: host cell chloroplast thylakoid membrane

description: Any sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast found in host cells, combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell chloroplast part

description: Any constituent part of a chloroplast as it is found in host cells and which are a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


neuromuscular junction

description: The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.


name: excitatory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction that functions in the excitation of somatic muscle myotubes, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cells.


inhibitory neuromuscular junction

description: The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential that inhibits muscle contraction.


name: inhibitory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction that functions in the inhibition of somatic muscle myotube contraction. Examples of somatic muscle myotubes include the somatic muscle cells of arthropods.


neuromuscular junction of myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a myotube.


name: neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle cell, such as those found in nematodes and arthropods.


name: neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle myotube, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cell.


excitatory neuromuscular junction

description: The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a post-synaptic potential responsible for muscle contraction.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


excitatory synapse

description: A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.


parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse

description: An excitatory synapse formed by the parallel fibers of granule cells synapsing onto the dendrites of Purkinje cells.


name: cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse

description: A synapse of a climbing fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum. The climbing fiber originates from the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata.


name: asymmetric, glutamatergic, excitatory synapse

description: A neuron to neuron synapse with a postsynaptic density, that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter and whose activity results in excitatory postsynaptic potentials.


P1 peroxisome

description: A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P1 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they contain fewer peroxisomal proteins than the other subforms.


bursicon neuropeptide hormone complex

description: A neuropeptide hormone secreted by the central nervous system of insects that stimulates the tanning and sclerotization of the adult cuticle following eclosion. The active hormone consists of an obligate heterodimer of the alpha and beta subunits.


name: nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex

description: One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad1p, Rad10p, and Rad14p; in human the subunits are ERCC4/XPF, ERCC1 and XPA, respectively.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA

description: A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated SH2 domain-containing regulatory subunit that is a member of a family of related proteins often called p85 proteins. Through the interaction with the SH2-containing adaptor subunits, Class IA PI3K catalytic subunits are linked to tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.


extracellular isoamylase complex

description: A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space.


isoamylase complex

description: A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram-negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages.


chloroplast isoamylase complex

description: A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in plants are intracellular and probably chloroplast localized.


rhoptry membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry.


lytic vacuole membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a lytic vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


lysosomal membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.


cytolytic granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the cytolytic granule.


autolysosome membrane

description: A lipid bilayer that surrounds an autolysosome, a single-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is degraded.


PeBoW complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively.


name: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3m

description: An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3m.


laminin-12 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.


name: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod

description: The portion of the central rod of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes.


outer endospore membrane

description: The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.


chloroplast outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope.


cell outer membrane

description: A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


mycolate outer membrane

description: A mycolic acid-rich cell outer membrane containing a lipid bilayer and long-chain mycolic acids (hydroxylated branched-chain fatty acids) that are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network. Found in mycobacteria and related genera (e.g. corynebacteria).


organelle outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope.


plastid outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope.


interleukin-7 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that binds interleukin-7 (IL-7) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha and a gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain binds IL-7 with high affinity and subsequently binds the cytokine receptor common gamma chain that forms part of multiple interleukin receptors.


Cdr2 medial cortical node complex

description: A megadalton-sized complex at the medial cortex organized as an oligomeric core of SAD family protein kinases involved in cell size-dependent localization and phosphorylation of Wee1 during interphase.


nuclear exosome targeting complex

description: A protein-containing complex that functions with the RNA exosome and contributes to the degradation of abberant transcripts.


name: methanophenazine reducing hydrogenase complex

description: A protein complex which catalyzes the conversion of methanophenazine and hydrogen to form dihydromethanophenazine. This typically consists of three polypeptides.


MTREC complex

description: Protein complex formed by an RNA binding protein Red1, an RNA helicase Mtl1, Red5, Rmn1, Iss10/Pir1, and Ars2/Pir2. This complex is required for the recruitment of the nuclear exosome to Mmi1 nuclear focus. It is likely related to the human CBCN complex. This complex is also known as RNA silencing (NURS) complex.


raps-insc complex

description: Protein complex required for the asymmetric division of neuroblasts in Drosophila. Coordinates asymmetric localization of cell fate determinants with orientation of the mitotic spindle resulting in different daughter cells upon division. Localizes at the apical cortex of the neuroblast: Raps maintains, but does not initiate, Insc apically, while Insc segregates Raps asymmetrically. Complex appears to be conserved in mammals (composed of INSC and GPSM1 or GPSM2).


name: type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex

description: A multisubunit complex composed of two copies of a restriction (R) subunit, two copies of a methylation (M) subunit, and one copy of a specificity (S) subunit. This complex recognizes specific short DNA sequences (through the S subunit), and binds to them. If the recognition site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a methyltransferase which modifies the recognition site, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Only the M and S subunits are required for this reaction. If the complex binds to an unmethylated recognition site, then the complex translocates the DNA bidirectionally in an ATP-dependent manner. When the translocation is stalled by impact with another complex or unusual DNA structure, the enzyme functions as an endonuclease and cleavage of the DNA will occur, hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site. These DNA restriction systems are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


nucleolus

description: A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.


high-density lipoprotein particle

description: A lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE; found in blood and carries lipids from body tissues to the liver as part of the reverse cholesterol transport process.


name: spherical high-density lipoprotein particle

description: A mature high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, converted from discoidal HDL particles following the esterification of cholesterol in the particle by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).


name: discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle

description: A newly formed high-density lipoprotein particle; consists of a phospholipid bilayer surrounded by two or more APOA1 molecules. The discoidal HDL particle is formed when lipid-free or lipid-poor APOA1 acquires phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol from either cell membranes or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (undergoing lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase).


lysosomal matrix

description: A matrix composed of supramolecular assemblies of lysosomal enzymes and lipids which forms at a pH of 5.0 within the lysosome.


name: intermediate layer of mitotic spindle pole body

description: Structure between the central and outer plaques of the mitotic spindle pole body.


description: A protein-lipid-RNA complex containing separate high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.


lateral element

description: A proteinaceous core found between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase.


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal and membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p. In mammals, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 (Synoviolin) or AMFR (gp78).


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-M complex

description: A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


mitochondrial cloud

description: A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material.


Bunina body

description: Small granular inclusions (about 1-3 microns in diameter) found in the anterior horn cells, and appearing either singly or in a group. Sometimes they are arranged in small beaded chains. Bunina bodies express cystatin C and consist of electron-dense amorphous material that contains tubules or vesicular structures. The amorphous material frequently includes a cytoplasmic island containing neurofilaments and other micro-organelles.


MHC protein complex

description: A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.


MHC class II protein complex

description: A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.


Syp1 complex

description: A protein complex that contributes to the endocytic process and bud growth in yeast. It is involved in the precise timing of actin assembly during endocytosis.


integrin alphav-beta8 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta8 subunit.


other organism part

description: Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.


other organism cell membrane

description: The cell membrane of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.


symbiont cell surface

description: The cell surface of a secondary, endosymbiont organism with which the first organism is interacting. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


trichocyst

description: A crystalline exocytotic organelle composed of small, acidic proteins existing primarily as disulphide-linked dimers. The trichocyst is an organelle that releases long filamentous proteins that capture predators in net-like structures, to slow them down when the cell is disturbed. The protein is nontoxic and shaped like a long, striated, fibrous shaft.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM15 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.


syndecan-syntenin-ALIX complex

description: An exosome complex that is assembled in the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane and chaperoned to the exosome by the ESCRT-III machinery.


MKS complex

description: A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of several proteins some of which are membrane bound. Acts as an organiser of transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the NPHP complex. The MKS complex also acts as part of the selective barrier that prevents diffusion of proteins between the ciliary cytoplasm and cellular cytoplasm as well as between the ciliary membrane and plasma membrane.


postsynaptic cytosol

description: The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the postsynapse.


cytosolic region

description: Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol.


presynaptic cytosol

description: The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the presynapse.


meiotic septin complex

description: A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during meiotic cell division.


collagen type XXVIII trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVIII) chains.


unicellular trichome tip

description: A cell projection part that is the apical most portion of a unicellular trichome apex.


ISGF3 complex

description: A transcription factor complex that consists of a Stat1-Stat2 heterodimer and the IRF9 protein.


name: secondary cell wall cellulose synthase complex

description: A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant secondary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA8, CESA7, and CESA4.


cellulose synthase complex

description: A large, multimeric protein complex, organized in a rosette, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant cell wall.


name: primary cell wall cellulose synthase complex

description: A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant primary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA1 and -3, and a CESA6-related protein.


description: A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-4 receptor complex with an interleukin-4 molecule.


2-micrometer circle DNA

description: A plasmid commonly found in Saccharomyces, inherited in a non-Mendelian manner and often present in 100-400 copies.


transcription ternary complex

description: A protein-DNA-RNA complex composed of RNA polymerase, template DNA, and an RNA transcript.


apoptosome

description: A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.


Cvt complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in the Cvt pathway. In budding yeast, the Cvt complex consists of multimers of preApe1p.


G-protein alpha(o)-synembrin complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(o) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


Lewy body corona

description: The periphery of a Lewy body. In Parkinson's disease, it contains spherical accumulations of filaments arranged in a loose, radiating array.


phospholamban complex

description: A protein complex found as a homopentamer of the phospholamban (PLN) protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac PLN is a main determinant of muscle contraction and relaxation, by regulating intracellular calcium levels.


cleavage furrow rim

description: The part of the cleavage furrow closest to the cell surface.


right caudal basal body

description: Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


PAS complex

description: A phosphatidylinositol kinase complex that contains a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase subunit (Fab1p in yeast; PIKFYVE in mammals), a kinase activator, and a phosphatase, and may also contain additional proteins; it is involved in regulating the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. In mammals the complex is composed of PIKFYVE, FIG4 and VAC14. In yeast it is composed of Atg18p, Fig4p, Fab1p, Vac14p and Vac7p.


Golgi cis cisterna

description: The Golgi cisterna closest to the endoplasmic reticulum; the first processing compartment through which proteins pass after export from the ER.


CENP-A containing nucleosome

description: A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).


anthranilate synthase complex

description: A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two components I and two components II. Catalyzes the formation of anthranilate, pyruvate and L-glutamate from chorismate and L-glutamine.


molybdenum-iron nitrogenase complex

description: An enzyme complex containing a molybdenum-iron cluster found in many species. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the molybdenum-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.


alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to high mobility group box 1 protein.


Set3 complex

description: A histone deacetylase complex that is involved in transcriptional regulation. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Set3p, Snt1p, Hos4p, Sif2p, Cpr1p, Hos2p, and Hst1p.


name: transmembrane actin-associated (TAN) line

description: A linear array of nuclear envelope membrane proteins composed of nesprin-2G and SUN2, which couple the nucleus to moving actin cables, resulting in rearward nuclear transport (away from the leading edge).


growth cone leading edge

description: That part of the growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


leading edge of axonal growth cone

description: That part of the axonal growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


gerontoplast

description: A plastid found in senescing, formerly green tissues that is derived from a chloroplast that undergoes an organized developmental program of senescence.


cholinergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.


chloroplast ribosome

description: A ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


protein storage vacuole membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a protein storage vacuole.


enterobactin synthetase complex

description: A multienzyme complex usually composed of four proteins, EntB, EntD, EntE and EntF. Plays a role in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway.


polyhydroxyalkanoate granule

description: An inclusion body located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes that consists of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) molecules and associated proteins, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer; the proteins include PHA synthase, PHA depolymerase and 3HB-oligomer hydroxylase, phasins (PhaPs), which are thought to be the major structural proteins of the membrane surrounding the inclusion, and the regulator of phasin expression PhaR.


megasome

description: Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.


cyanelle inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope; also faces the cyanelle stroma.


SsuD-SsuE complex

description: A protein complex containing an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase subunit (SsuD tetramer in E.coli) and a flavin oxidoreductase subunit (SsuE dimer in E.coli). Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation.


description: A multilamellar subcellular structure formed in the cytoplasm of developing neuron, composed of Tmem240 and Emd proteins.


name: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt5p-Pmt3p dimer complex

description: A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt5p-Pmt3p.


gamma DNA polymerase complex

description: A DNA polymerase complex consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA.


early endosome lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of an early endosome.


late recombination nodule

description: An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in pachytene during meiosis I.


name: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, rod

description: The central portion of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body, which spans the periplasm and threads through the rings.


enzyme activator complex

description: A protein complex capable of activating an enzyme. Activating subunits may dissociate from the catalytic unit before the enzyme is active.


name: DNA recombinase auxiliary factor complex

description: A protein complex that binds to a recombinase and incrseases its activity.


name: DNA polymerase processivity factor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of increasing the processivity of nucleotide polymerization by DNA polymerase as a part of DNA replication.


PCNA complex

description: A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation.


urease activator complex

description: A protein complex required for the activation of urease. Activator subunits dissociate before urease has catalytic function.


collagen type IV trimer

description: A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes.


contractile vacuole complex

description: A non-membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.


kinetoplast

description: A sub-structure within the large single mitochondrion of kinetoplastid parasites and which is closely associated with the flagellar pocket and basal body of the flagellum.


antipodal site

description: The pole of the kinetoplast associated with kinetoplast DNA replication. The antipodal sites flank the kinetoplast DNA disk and are positioned approximately 180 degrees apart. In Trypanosoma brucei and Crithidia fasciculata, minicircles are attached at antipodal sites and they contain enzymes that catalyse some of the later reactions in minicircle replication.


RCAF complex

description: A protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on to newly synthesized DNA. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ASF1 and histones H3 and H4.


BRCA2-MAGE-D1 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex formed of BRCA2 and MAGE-D1; may mediate the synergistic activities of the two proteins in regulating cell growth.


name: actin capping protein of dynactin complex

description: A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, nucleates the polymerization of actin monomers but does not sever actin filaments, and which is a part of the dynactin complex.


SCF-YLR352W ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is YLR352W in S. cerevisiae.


NOXA-BCL-xl complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of NOXA and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


Ndc80 complex

description: An essential outer kinetochore complex involved in the attachment of microtubule ends to the chromosomes during mitosis.


ER membrane insertion complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. TA membrane proteins, also called type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C-terminal transmembrane region. Some ER membrane insertion complex subunits are conserved between different species such as mammals and budding yeast.


integrin alpha9-beta1 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alpha9 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


Cus cation efflux complex

description: Transmembrane complex that mediates resistance to copper and silver by cation efflux directly from the cell using the proton-motive force. Spans the inner membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane. Primarily activated under anaerobic conditions by CusR and CusS but also expressed under extreme copper stress, in aerobic growth.


CSF1-CSF1R complex

description: A protein complex consisting of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1, also called M-CSF) dimer bound to a dimerized receptor (CSF1R, also called FMS). Receptor dimerization requires the presence of the ligand.


eif4e-cup complex

description: A protein complex that causes translational repression in Drosophila. Prevents assembly of ribosomes at the mRNA by interfacing with a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein leading to recruitment of the CCR4 complex and consequently, reduction of the mRNA's poly(A) tail length. The complex is also required for dorso-ventral pattern formation in the embryo.


name: plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV

description: A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


name: cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


inaD signaling complex

description: A complex of proteins that are involved in phototransduction and attached to the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. The protein connections are mediated through inaD.


bacterial degradosome

description: The degradosome is a protein complex playing a key role in mRNA degradation and RNA processing. It includes a RNA helicase, a 3'-5' phosphate-dependent PNPase and a RNase E bound-enolase.


nuclear telomere cap complex

description: A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


integrator complex

description: A protein complex that stably associates with the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and mediates 3'-end processing of small nuclear RNAs generated by RNA polymerase II.


name: core TFIIH complex portion of holo TFIIH complex

description: The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.


glomerular endothelium fenestra

description: A large plasma membrane-lined circular pore that perforates the flattened glomerular endothelium and, unlike those of other fenestrated capillaries, is not spanned by diaphragms; the density and size of glomerular fenestrae account, at least in part, for the high permeability of the glomerular capillary wall to water and small solutes.


collagen type XXVI trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVI) chains.


myosin XIII complex

description: A myosin complex containing one or more class XIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD81 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD81, a member of the tetraspan family.


description: An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate.


name: chloroplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

description: An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the chloroplast.


name: Ig heavy chain-bound endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex

description: A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is formed by the association of an immunoglobulin heavy chain with the proteins of the ER chaperone complex; the latter include BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.


name: succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming)

description: A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP.


titin-telethonin complex

description: A protein complex formed between the N-terminus of the giant sarcomeric filament protein titin and the Z-disk ligand, telethonin. The complex is part of the Z-disk of the skeletal and cardiac sarcomere. Telethonin binding to titin might be essential for the initial assembly, stabilization and functional integrity of the titin filament, and hence important for muscle contraction relaxation in mature myofibrils.


sarcoglycan complex

description: A protein complex formed of four sarcoglycans plus sarcospan; there are six known sarcoglycans: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-sarcoglycan; all are N-glycosylated single-pass transmembrane proteins. The sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex is a subcomplex of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, and is fixed to the dystrophin axis by a lateral association with the dystroglycan complex.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-tumstatin complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tumstatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen.


Scc2-Scc4 cohesin loading complex

description: A eukaryotically conserved heterodimeric protein complex (comprising adherin and the chromatid cohesion factor MAU2/Scc4/Ssl3) required for the loading of a cohesin, complex onto DNA.


Myc-Max complex

description: A transcription factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Myc and Max.


myosin complex

description: A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.


DNA replication preinitiation complex

description: A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The preinitiation complex is formed by the assembly of additional proteins onto an existing prereplicative complex. In budding yeast, the additional proteins might include Cdc45p, Sld2p, Sld3p, Dpb11p, DNA polymerases, and others; in fission yeast the GINS complex is present.


type I interferon receptor complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that binds a type I interferon and transmits the signal across the membrane into the cell. Consists of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).


decoy receptor complex

description: A receptor complex that recognizes, binds and sequesters a specific receptor ligand to prevent it from binding to its regular receptor. May be soluble or membrane bound.


name: nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition complex

description: A protein complex that is capable of identifying lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests that the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix. It subsequently recruits a nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex.


U4atac snRNP

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4atac, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4atac snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U4atac snRNA both while the U4atac snRNP is free or assembled into the U4atac/U6atac complex or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM9 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM9.


TRAPPIII protein complex

description: A complex that functions in anterograde transport at the Golgi and also regulates autophagy. In yeast it includes at least the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs85. TRAPPIII may include further, as yet undescribed, proteins.


sigma factor antagonist complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of sigma factor antagonist activity.


description: A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase.


inner kinetochore

description: The region of a kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA which contains many CENP proteins organized in various subcomplexes including CENP-C, CENP-LN, CENP-HIKM, CENP-OPQUR and CENP-TWSX, but excluding the CENP-A containing heterochromatin.


laminin-5B complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha3B, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


TSC1-TSC2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of at least tumerin and hamartin; its formation may regulate hamartin homomultimer formation. The complex acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase (Rheb), and inhibits the TOR signaling pathway.


Fc-gamma receptor III complex

description: A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RIII alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-epsilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.


sweet taste receptor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of sweet taste receptor activity.


alpha6-beta4 integrin-Fyn complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn.


nucleoplasmic THO complex

description: The THO complex when it is acting as a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp2, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


larval serum protein complex

description: A multisubunit protein complex which, in Drosophila, is a heterohexamer of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The complex is thought to store amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.


cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the cytoplasm.


name: homodimeric polyprenyl diphosphate synthase complex

description: A homodimeric complex that possesses polyprenyl diphosphate synthase activity involved in the synthesis of the isoprenoid chain of ubiquinone whose length varies between organisms.


egasyn-beta-glucuronidase complex

description: A protein complex that contains beta-glucuronidase and the carboxyl esterase egasyn; formation of the complex causes beta-glucuronidase to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-tenascin complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein tenascin.


SRF-myogenin-E12 complex

description: A transcription factor complex that contains the serum response factor (SRF) and the basic helix-loop-helix proteins myogenin and E12, and is involved in activating transcription of muscle-specific genes.


TAM protein secretion complex

description: A heterooligomeric protein complex that spans the bacterial periplasm and enables the secretion of adhesin proteins in Gram-negative bacteria. In Citrobacter rodentium, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, the TAM complex consists of an Omp85-family protein, TamA, in the outer membrane and TamB in the inner membrane.


spitzenkorper

description: Structure within the hyphal tip of filamentous fungi that acts as an organizing center for hyphal tip growth; may function to supply vesicles to the elongating tip and/or to organize cytoskeletal microfilaments.


DnaA-oriC complex

description: A protein-DNA complex containing the initiator protein DnaA bound to high-affinity recognition sites in the unique origin of replication, oriC. DnaA-oriC binding is the first step in assembly of a bacterial pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) and is responsible for the timely initiation of replication once per cell cycle.


maltose transport complex

description: Protein complex facilitating ATP-dependent maltose transport through inner cell membrane (periplasm to cytoplasm) in Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli the system is composed of a periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP), two integral membrane proteins, MalF and MalG, and two copies of the cytoplasmic ATP-binding cassette MalK.


box H/ACA telomerase RNP complex

description: A box H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the RNA component of vertebrate telomerase, the enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. This ribonucleoprotein complex is a structural box H/ACA RNP, which does not have the catalytic pseudouridylation function shared by the majority of H/ACA RNPs present in the cell.


protein kinase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of protein kinase activity.


name: TIM22 mitochondrial import inner membrane insertion complex

description: A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates the inner membrane insertion of multi-transmembrane spanning proteins that contain internal targeting elements. In yeast cells, TIM22 is a 300-kDa complex, consisting of four membrane integral subunits, Tim22, Tim54, Tim18 and Sdh3, and a peripheral chaperone complex consisting of the small TIM proteins, Tim9-Tim10-Tim12.


interferon regulatory factor complex

description: A protein complex that consists of two interferon regulatory proteins (IRFs); may be homodimeric or heterodimeric. The activation of a latent closed conformation of IRF in the cytoplasm is triggered by phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues in a C-terminal region. Phosphorylation stimulates the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain to attain a highly extended conformation triggering dimerization through extensive contacts to a second subunit.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


respiratory chain complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of a respiratory chain.


plastid mRNA editing complex

description: An mRNA editing complex found in a plastid.


RZZ complex

description: A kinetochore component required for both meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly checkpoints.


TFIIIC-TOP1-SUB1 complex

description: A protein complex that contains TFIIIC, topoisomerase 1, and Sub1/PC4. Characterized in human, the complex is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. Topoisomerase 1 and Sub1 enhance the accuracy of transcription termination, and promote reinitiation by Pol III.