L-arabinose transmembrane transport

description: The process in which L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabinose, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


sucrose import across plasma membrane

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The directed movement of sucrose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: protein secretion by the type V secretion system

description: The process in which proteins mediate their own secretion across the outer membrane through a beta-barrel pore structure formed by the C-terminal domain of the protein precursor. Following passage across the outer membrane, the mature protein is released from the pore by an autocatalytic activity. Proteins secreted by the Type V system are first translocated across the plasma membrane by the Sec pathway.


polymyxin transport

description: The directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


vesicle transport along actin filament

description: Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.


name: mitochondrial srRNA export from mitochondrion

description: The process in which a srRNA, small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol.


inorganic anion transport

description: The directed movement of inorganic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.


serotonin secretion by platelet

description: The regulated release of serotonin by a platelet or group of platelets.


name: mitochondrial phosphate ion transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a phosphate ion is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


name: autoinducer AI-2 transmembrane transport

description: The process in which (2R,4S)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-2,3,3,4-tetrol (autoinducer AI-2) is transported across a membrane. AI-2 is produced by prokaryotes and is believed to play a role in quorum sensing.


carnitine transport

description: The directed movement of carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


vasopressin secretion

description: The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood.


name: phosphate ion export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of phosphate ions (Pi) from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


pyruvate transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of pyruvate across a membrane.


nectar secretion

description: The controlled release of a nectar by a cell or a tissue. Nectar is a fluid secreted by many angiosperms to promote pollination by providing a reward to pollinators. Nectar may also deter certain organisms from visiting or play other biological roles. Nectar is a complex solution that may include the following types of compounds: sugars, amino acids, organic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, vitamins, phenolics, metal ions, oils, free fatty acids, and proteins.


pentose transmembrane transport

description: The process in which pentose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. A pentose is any aldose with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


description: The directed movement of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol, across a membrane.


phytochelatin transport

description: The directed movement of a phytochelatin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.


pyrimidine nucleotide transport

description: The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.


name: transport across blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

description: The directed movement of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.


xanthosine transport

description: The directed movement of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


guanine transmembrane transport

description: The process in which guanine is transported across a membrane.


cellotriose transport

description: The directed movement of a cellotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by the movement of a signaling receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. Receptor internalization can have a positive or negative effect on a signaling pathway.


succinate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of succinate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: copper ion import across prospore membrane

description: The directed movement of copper ions from outside of a cell, across an ascospore-type prospore membrane and into the cytosol.


name: glucose import in response to insulin stimulus

description: The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell as a result of an insulin stimulus.


plasma membrane acetate transport

description: The directed movement of acetate across a plasma membrane.


melanosome transport

description: The directed movement of melanosomes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


exosomal secretion

description: The process whereby a membrane-bounded vesicle is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane.


description: The process in which glycerol-3-phosphate is transported across a membrane. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


synaptic vesicle endocytosis

description: A vesicle-mediated transport process, in which the synaptic vesicle membrane constituents are retrieved from the presynaptic membrane on the axon terminal after neurotransmitter secretion by exocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis can occur via clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms.


intracellular sterol transport

description: The directed movement of sterols within cells.


carboxylic acid transmembrane transport

description: The process in which carboxylic acid is transported across a membrane.


name: L-aspartate transmembrane export from vacuole

description: The directed movement of L-aspartate out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.


lipid antigen transport

description: The directed movement of a lipid antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


monoamine transport

description: The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phytochelatin 3 import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of phytochelatin 3 (PC3) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 3 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=3, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.


ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of a ribosomal subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake

description: The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


histamine secretion by basophil

description: The regulated release of histamine by a basophil or group of basophils.


regulated exocytosis

description: A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand.


paracellular transport

description: The directed movement of substance through the space in between adjacent cells, rather than through the cells themselves.


name: nuclear migration to the embryo sac center

description: Migration of one of the four nuclei at each pole of the eight-nucleate embryo sac, to the center of the cell.


name: postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization

description: A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the internalization of a neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic membrane endocytic zone into an endocytic vesicle.


pyridoxamine transmembrane transport

description: The process in which pyridoxamine is transported across a membrane.


zinc ion import into organelle

description: The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into the organelle.


sulfate transport

description: The directed movement of sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ecdysteroid secretion

description: The regulated release of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.


name: mitochondrial malonate(1-) transmembrane transport

description: The process in which malonate(1-) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


ribosomal protein import into nucleus

description: The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. At least some ribosomal proteins, including rpl12, uses the importin 11 pathway as a major route into the nucleus.


name: Golgi calcium ion transmembrane transport

description: A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a Golgi membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol transport

description: The directed movement of substances from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol.


organic cation transport

description: The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


neuropeptide secretion from presynapse

description: The secretion of neuropeptides contained within a dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the presynaptic membrane, stimulated by a rise in cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


calcium ion transport into cytosol

description: The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol.


magnesium ion transport

description: The directed movement of magnesium (Mg) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


malonic acid transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of malonic acid across a membrane.


export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of some substance from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


shikimate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which shikimate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


amino-acid betaine transport

description: The directed movement of betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


canalicular bile acid transport

description: Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a hepatocyte plasma membrane into a bile canaliculus. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


gastric acid secretion

description: The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.


name: phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface

description: A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of an apoptotic cell, which acts as an 'eat-me' signal for engulfing cells. Phosphatidylserine is exposed on the apoptotic cell surface by a phospholipid scramblase activity.


renal glucose absorption

description: A renal system process in which glucose is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


inorganic diphosphate transport

description: The directed movement of inorganic diphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: nicotinamide mononucleotide transmembrane transport

description: The process in which nicotinamide mononucleotide is transported across a membrane. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.


name: endocytosed protein transport to vacuole

description: The directed movement of proteins imported into a cell by endocytosis to the vacuole.


name: protein secretion by the type VII secretion system

description: The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type VII protein secretion system.


benzoate transport

description: The directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus

description: The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin, in response to a glucose stimulus.


synaptic vesicle recycling

description: The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. Recycling can occur following transient fusion with the presynaptic membrane (kiss and run), or via endocytosis of presynaptic membrane.


L-serine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-serine into a cell.


cytidine transport

description: The directed movement of cytidine, cytosine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


S-adenosyl-L-methionine transport

description: The directed movement of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-alanine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed import of L-alanine from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


Wnt protein secretion

description: The controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.


growth hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood.


name: mitochondrial pyruvate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which pyruvate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


lithium ion transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of lithium ions (Li+) across a membrane.


intermembrane sphingolipid transfer

description: The transport of sphingolipids between membranes in which a sphingolipid molecule is transported through an aqueous phase from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane. This process does not require metabolic energy and can be either spontaneous or mediated by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs).


name: inorganic ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of inorganic ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


nickel cation transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of nickel (Ni) cations across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


pollen hydration

description: The process in which water is taken up by pollen.


vitamin A transport

description: The directed movement any form of vitamin A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Vitamin A is any of several retinoid derivatives of beta-carotene, primarily retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid.


phytochelatin 2 import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of phytochelatin 2 (PC2) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 2 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=2, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.


coenzyme A transmembrane transport

description: The process in which coenzyme A is transported across a membrane. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


name: vesicle-mediated transport between endosomal compartments

description: A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles between endosomal compartments, e.g, between early endosome and sorting endosome.


glycine secretion

description: The controlled release of glycine by a cell.


progesterone secretion

description: The regulated release of progesterone, a steroid hormone, by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the placenta.


name: negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway by insulin receptor internalization

description: Any process in which internalization of an insulin receptor stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signal transduction. Internalization of insulin in association with its receptor clears insulin from the circulation and is necessary for subsequent insulin dissociation from the receptor and insulin degradation.


UDP-glucose transmembrane transport

description: The process in which UDP-glucose is transported across a membrane.


name: mitochondrion-derived vesicle mediated transport

description: Vesicle-mediated transport of cargo from the mitochondrion by a mitochondrion-derived vesicle.


L-proline transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-proline across a membrane.


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell, in which the gamma-aminobutyric acid acts as a neurotransmitter.


molybdate ion transport

description: The directed movement of molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Molybdate is the bivalent anion derived from molybdic acid.


iron coordination entity transport

description: The directed movement of an iron coordination entity into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


iron import into cell

description: The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.


name: retrograde transport, plasma membrane to Golgi

description: The directed movement of substances from the plasma membrane back to the trans-Golgi network, mediated by vesicles.


Golgi to lysosome transport

description: The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to lysosomes.


aldarate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which aldarate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


basic amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of basic amino acids, amino acids with a pH above 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-glutamine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: purine-containing compound transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a purine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A purine-containing compound is any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.


mating pheromone secretion

description: The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that contributes to a process of sexual reproduction.


ovarian nurse cell to oocyte transport

description: Transfer of constituents synthesized in the ovarian nurse cells to the oocyte, through the ring canals, as the egg chamber is growing. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


tRNA import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which a tRNA is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


tyrosine transport

description: The directed movement of tyrosine, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


asynchronous neurotransmitter secretion

description: Release of neurotransmitter at the synapse that persists for tens to hundreds of milliseconds after action potential invasion.


calcium export from the mitochondrion

description: A process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported out of the mitochondrial matrix, and into the cytosol.


name: L-methionine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-methionine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


histamine secretion by platelet

description: The regulated release of histamine by a platelet or group of platelets.


vesicle transport along microtubule

description: The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.


transition metal ion transport

description: The directed movement of transition metal ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.


organic hydroxy compound transport

description: The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.


cytosol to ERGIC protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins from the cystosol to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC).


intracellular cholesterol transport

description: The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells.


endocrine hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system.


iron ion transport

description: The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


export across cell outer membrane

description: The directed movement of a substance across the outer membrane in cells with two membranes.


tRNA re-export from nucleus

description: The directed movement from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a tRNA that was previously exported to the cytoplasm and then imported back into the nucleus. The processes of primary tRNA export and secondary export (re-export) can be distinguished because in organisms in which tRNA splicing occurs in the cytoplasm, the export of a mature tRNA must occur by re-export.


acrosomal vesicle exocytosis

description: The calcium ion regulated exocytosis which results in fusion of the acrosomal vesicle with the plasma membrane of the sperm as part of the acrosome reaction.


body fluid secretion

description: The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal.


rhamnose transmembrane transport

description: The process in which rhamnose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


lipid hydroperoxide transport

description: The directed movement of a lipid hydroperoxide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


GDP-mannose transmembrane transport

description: The process in which GDP-mannose is transported across a membrane.


acetylcholine secretion

description: The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell.


plasma membrane selenite transport

description: The directed movement of inorganic selenite (HSeO3-1 at physiological pH) across a plasma membrane.


slow axonal transport

description: The directed slow movement of non-membranous molecules in nerve cell axons. It is comprised of a Slow Component a (SCa) and a Slow Component b (SCb) which differ in transport rates and protein composition.


name: mitochondrion migration along actin filament

description: The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microfilament, mediated by motor proteins.


name: ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


modified amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of modified amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


galactarate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which galactaric acid anion (galactarate) is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which thiamine pyrophosphate is transported across a membrane.


zinc ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


GTP synthesis coupled proton transport

description: The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers GTP synthesis.


extracellular transport

description: The transport of substances that occurs outside cells.


micropinocytosis

description: An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by invagination of the plasma membrane to form uncoated micropinosomes, differentiated from macropinosomes by their smaller size, on average 95 nm.


prolactin secretion

description: The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.


name: neurotransmitter receptor transport to postsynaptic membrane

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.


glucose transmembrane transport

description: The process in which glucose is transported across a membrane.


salicin transport

description: The directed movement of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: L-histidine transmembrane import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of L-histidine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


nucleotide-sulfate transport

description: The directed movement of nucleotide sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


2-aminoethylphosphonate transport

description: The directed movement of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: negative regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization

description: Any process in which internalization of a signaling receptor stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. Receptor internalization can attenuate or reduce the strength of signaling by reducing the concentration of cell surface receptors available to ligands.


late endosome to Golgi transport

description: The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the Golgi.


dopamine uptake

description: The directed movement of dopamine into a cell.


COPII-coated vesicle cargo loading

description: The formation of a macromolecular complex between the COPII coat proteins and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by the COPII vesicle to the Golgi.


calcium ion import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of calcium cations into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


name: copper ion transport across blood-brain barrier

description: The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions passing through the blood-brain barrier.


raffinose transport

description: The directed movement of raffinose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Raffinose occurs in plants almost as commonly as sucrose and is present in cereal grains, cotton seeds, and many legumes. It is synthesized from sucrose by transfer of a galactopyranoside from myo-inositol.


mitochondrial transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.


synaptic vesicle endosomal processing

description: The process in which synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic endosome followed by sorting of synaptic vesicle components and budding of new synaptic vesicles.


name: cytoplasm to vacuole targeting by the Cvt pathway

description: A cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway that uses machinery common with autophagy. The Cvt vesicle is formed when the receptor protein, Atg19, binds to the complexes of the target protein (aminopeptidase or alpha-mannosidase homododecamers), forming the Cvt complex. Atg11 binds to Atg9 and transports the Cvt complex to the pre-autophagosome (PAS). The phagophore membrane expands around the Cvt complex (excluding bulk cytoplasm) forming the Cvt vesicle. This pathway is mostly observed in yeast.


name: histamine secretion mediated by IgE immunoglobulin

description: Histamine release triggered by the binding of an antigen to an IgE immunoglobulin bound to the cell surface. An example is mast cell histamine degranulation as a result of exposure of mast cell-bound IgE to alder tree pollen.


anterograde dendritic transport

description: The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the postsynapse in dendrites.


catecholamine secretion

description: The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


galactose transmembrane transport

description: The process in which galactose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


FAD transport

description: The directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.


sulfur compound transport

description: The directed movement of compounds that contain sulfur, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


carbon dioxide transmembrane transport

description: The process in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported across a membrane.


urate transport

description: The directed movement of urate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


abscisic acid transport

description: The directed movement of abscisic acid into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: dynein-driven meiotic oscillatory nuclear movement

description: Oscillatory movement of the nucleus involved in meiosis I. This oscillatory movement is led by an astral microtubule array emanating from the spindle pole body, and driven by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein.


malate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of malate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


Golgi to plasma membrane transport

description: The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis.


calcium ion import into cytosol

description: The directed movement of calcium ion into a cytosol.


name: release of sequestered calcium ion into presynaptic cytosol

description: The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the presynaptic cytosol.


chromate transport

description: The directed movement of chromate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: sodium ion export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of sodium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


name: 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: L-arginine transmembrane transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol

description: The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane from lysosomal lumen to cytosol.


phytochelatin import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of phytochelatins into the vacuole. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.


name: fructose export from vacuole to cytoplasm

description: The directed movement of fructose from vacuole to cytoplasm.


xanthine transport

description: The directed movement of xanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.


name: calcium ion regulated lysosome exocytosis

description: The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a lysosome by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, induced by a rise in cytosolic calcium-ion levels.


name: L-lysine transmembrane export from vacuole

description: The directed movement of L-lysine out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.


cysteine export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of cysteine from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


name: intracellular protein transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ferric-enterobactin import into cell

description: A process in which ferric-enterobactin, the iron-bound form of the siderophore enterobactin, is transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors.


prostaglandin secretion

description: The regulated release of a prostaglandin, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring, from a cell or a tissue.


luteinizing hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.


N-acetylgalactosamine transport

description: The directed movement of N-acetylgalactosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.


D-methionine transmembrane transport

description: The process in which D-methionine is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


zinc ion import into synaptic vesicle

description: The directed movement of Zn2+ ions from the cytoplasm into the lumen of a cytoplasmic vesicle.


name: protein import into peroxisome matrix, translocation

description: The process in which proteins are moved across the peroxisomal membrane into the matrix. It is likely that the peroxisome targeting sequence receptor remains associated with cargo proteins during translocation.


name: positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway by B cell receptor internalization

description: The movement of a B cell receptor (BCR) from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell, which results in positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling. For example, internalized BCR signals to recruit TLR9 from multiple small endosomes to large autophagosome-like compartments to enhance TLR9 signaling.


nuclear axial expansion

description: The stepwise asymmetric spreading out of nuclei internally along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing insect embryo during mitotic cycles 4 to 6. This movement leads to the distribution of nuclei in a hollow ellipsoid underlying the cortex.


isopropylmalate transport

description: The directed movement of isopropylmalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: amino acid import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of an amino acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


chlorate transport

description: The directed movement of chlorate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


intermembrane sterol transfer

description: The transport of sterols between membranes in which a sterol molecule is transported through an aqueous phase from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane. This process does not require metabolic energy and can be either spontaneous or mediated by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs).


proline transport

description: The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


intracellular nucleoside transport

description: The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), within a cell.


maltopentaose transport

description: The directed movement of a maltopentaoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


polyubiquitinated protein transport

description: The directed movement of polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.


export from the mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of substances from the mitochondrion to the cytosol.


spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

description: Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the absence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.


name: endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the lysosome.


5-formyltetrahydrofolate transport

description: The directed movement of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, into, out of, within, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


thromboxane transport

description: The directed movement of thromboxanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A thromboxane is any of a class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.


name: B cell receptor transport into membrane raft

description: The directed movement of a B cell receptor into a membrane raft.


cyanate transport

description: The directed movement of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

description: The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.


aminophospholipid transport

description: The directed movement of aminophospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.


serine transport

description: The directed movement of L-serine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ADP transport

description: The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


organic acid transmembrane transport

description: The process in which an organic acid is transported across a membrane.


lysosomal transport

description: The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome.


hexose phosphate transport

description: The directed movement of hexose phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: sodium-dependent organic cation transport

description: The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


estrogen secretion

description: The regulated release of estrogen into the circulatory system. Estrogen is a steroid hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics in mammals.


histamine secretion by mast cell

description: The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells.


calcium ion import

description: The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.


presynaptic endocytosis

description: A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the presynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.


name: GDP-fucose import into endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


name: secretion by lung epithelial cell involved in lung growth

description: The controlled release of liquid by a lung epithelial cell that contributes to an increase in size of the lung as part of its development.


gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion

description: The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of gastrin with its receptor.


L-glutamate import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which L-glutamate is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


name: sodium-independent organic anion transport

description: The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mucociliary clearance

description: The respiratory system process driven by motile cilia on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract by which mucus and associated inhaled particles and pathogens trapped within it are moved out of the airways.


gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

description: The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell or a tissue. The gamma-aminobutyric acid is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain but is also found in several extraneural tissues.


amylase secretion

description: The controlled release of amylase from a cell.


name: pyrimidine nucleotide import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which a pyrimidine nucleotide is transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane, into the mitochondrial matrix.


name: mitochondrial coenzyme A transmembrane transport

description: The process in which coenzyme A is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


purine nucleotide transport

description: The directed movement of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.


antifungal peptide secretion

description: The regulated release of an antifungal peptide from a cell or a tissue.


L-leucine transport

description: The directed movement of L-leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


nitrite transport

description: The directed movement of nitrite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


xenobiotic export from cell

description: The directed movement of a xenobiotic from a cell, into the extracellular region. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


name: pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transport

description: The process in which pyrimidine is transported across a membrane.


glutathione import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which glutathione is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


description: The process in which 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


L-histidine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-histidine across a membrane.


name: magnesium ion transport from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum

description: The directed movement of magnesium ion from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum.


plasma membrane pyruvate transport

description: The directed movement of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, across a plasma membrane.


dipeptide import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of a dipeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


hypoxanthine transport

description: The directed movement of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxypurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: phosphoenolpyruvate transmembrane import into Golgi lumen

description: The directed movement of phosphoenolpyruvate into the Golgi lumen across the Golgi membrane.


name: glutathione import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of glutathione from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


molybdate ion export from vacuole

description: The directed movement of molybdate ions out of the vacuole.


name: transmembrane L-cystine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol

description: The directed movement of L-cystine from the lysosomal lumen across the lysosomal membrane and into the cytosol.


clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading

description: Formation of a macromolecular complex between the cytoplasmic coat proteins on clathrin-coated vesicles and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a vesicle.


name: iron ion import across cell outer membrane

description: The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell, across the cell outer membrane and into the periplasmic space.


rRNA transport

description: The directed movement of rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


hexuronate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which hexuronate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.


iron ion export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


migracytosis

description: A cell migration-dependent mechanism for releasing cellular contents.


protein transport by the Sec complex

description: The process in which unfolded proteins are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Sec complex, in a process involving proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide.


inosine transport

description: The directed movement of the purine ribonucleoside inosine, also known as hypoxanthine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sulfate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of sulfate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


urea transport

description: The directed movement of urea into, out of or within the cell. Urea is the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.


name: transmembrane phosphate ion transport from cytosol to vacuole

description: The directed movement of phosphate ions from the cytosol across the vacuolar membrane and into the vacuolar lumen.


name: histamine secretion involved in inflammatory response

description: The regulated release of histamine by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.


glycolate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which glycolate is transported across a membrane. Glycolate is the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).


sterol import

description: The directed movement of a sterol into a cell or organelle. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


insulin secretion

description: The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. In vertebrates, insulin is secreted from B granules in the B cells of the vertebrate pancreas and from insulin-producing cells in insects.


malate-aspartate shuttle

description: The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


histamine transport

description: The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


description: The regulated release of catecholamine by a cell in which the catecholamine acts as a neurotransmitter.


name: short-chain fatty acid transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into a cell or organelle. A short-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing fewer than 6 carbons.


glutamate reuptake

description: The uptake of L-glutamate by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


name: L-isoleucine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-isoleucine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


hydroxyproline transport

description: The directed movement of hydroxyproline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


gonadotropin secretion

description: The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.


secretion of lysosomal enzymes

description: The controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.


intercellular transport

description: The movement of substances between cells.


name: oligopeptide import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of an oligopeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


tyramine secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of a tyramine by a cell in which the tyramine acts as a neurotransmitter.


name: antigen transcytosis by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: The process of antigen transcytosis carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Transcytosis is the process of the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. M cells are specialized epithelia cells with a microfold structure that are adept at moving antigens from the gut lumen to antigen presenting cells in the MALT.


tRNA transport

description: The directed movement of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


zinc export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of zinc ions from a cell, into the extracellular region.


peptide antigen transport

description: The directed movement of a peptide antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.


estradiol secretion

description: The regulated release of estradiol into the circulatory system.


sphingolipid translocation

description: The movement of a sphingolipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


endosome to pigment granule transport

description: The directed movement of substances from endosomes to pigment granules.


nucleoside transport

description: The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


bacteriocin transport

description: The directed movement of a bacteriocin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Bacteriocins are a group of antibiotics produced by bacteria and are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. Bacteriocins are toxic to bacteria closely related to the bacteriocin producing strain.


lithium ion transport

description: The directed movement of lithium ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


urea import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of urea from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


metal ion transport

description: The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


allantoin transport

description: The directed movement of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: Fc receptor-mediated immune complex endocytosis

description: An endocytosis process mediated by the Fc receptor for the purpose of delivery of antigen-bound immunoglobulin to an intracellular compartment where the antigen can be processed and loaded onto MHC molecules. This process selectively targets antigens for presentation by MHC class II or cross-presentation by MHC class I.


aldonate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which aldonate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


apolipoprotein E recycling

description: The process in which chylomicron remnant-associated apolipoprotein E is internalized by endocytosis, localized to recycling endosomes and then secreted in association with a high-density lipoprotein particle.


neuronal dense core vesicle exocytosis

description: The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a neuronal dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of a neuron in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.


corticosteroid hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of any corticosteroid hormone into the circulatory system.


lactic acid secretion

description: The controlled release of lactic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, by a cell or a tissue.


name: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a membrane.


name: vacuolar amino acid transmembrane transport

description: The process in which an amino acid is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other.


epinephrine secretion

description: The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter, released by certain neurons and active in the central nervous system.


protein targeting to lysosome

description: The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.


name: myo-inositol import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of myo-inositol from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


axonal dopamine secretion

description: The regulated release of dopamine from an axon.


neurotransmitter secretion

description: The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.


name: anterograde axonal transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex

description: The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.


cadmium ion transmembrane transport

description: A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

description: The directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. In this context, dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


pancreatic juice secretion

description: The regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine. Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach.


reductive iron assimilation

description: A process in which iron is solubilized by reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ via a cell surface reductase and subsequent transport of the iron across the membrane by iron uptake proteins.


plasma membrane to endosome transport

description: Transport of a vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome.


plasma membrane phospholipid scrambling

description: The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet, resulting in loss of lipid asymmetry and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).


cysteine transport

description: The directed movement of cysteine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: L-arginine transmembrane export from vacuole

description: The directed movement of L-arginine out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.


tRNA export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


name: calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol

description: A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


substance P secretion

description: The regulated release of substance P, a peptide hormone that is involved in neurotransmission, inflammation, and antimicrobial activity.


name: primary amine secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell, in which the primary amine acts as a neurotransmitter.


name: early endosome to recycling endosome transport

description: The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the recycling endosomes.


dense core granule transport

description: The directed movement a dense core granule within a cell.


pancreatic trypsinogen secretion

description: The regulated release of trypsinogen from the cells of the exocrine pancreas.


synaptic vesicle cycle

description: A biological process in which synaptic vesicles are loaded with neurotransmitters, move to the active zone, exocytose and are then recycled via endocytosis, ultimately leading to reloading with neurotransmitters.


dopamine secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of dopamine by a cell in which the dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter.


hexuronide transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of hexuronide across a membrane. Hexuronides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of a hexuronate.


L-amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of L-enantiomer amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: calcium activated phosphatidylcholine scrambling

description: The movement of a population of phosphatidylcholine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


L-lysine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-lysine across a membrane.


name: potassium ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of potassium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


arabinan transmembrane transport

description: The process in which arabinan is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


antimonite transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of antimonite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ammonium import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of an ammonium ion from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


dipeptide transport

description: The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


description: The directed movement of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


description: The directed, sodium-independent, movement of leukotrienes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Leukotrienes are linear C20 endogenous metabolites of arachidonic acid (icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid) containing a terminal carboxy function and four or more double bonds (three or more of which are conjugated) as well as other functional groups.


primary amine secretion

description: The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell.


pinocytosis

description: An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, called pinosomes, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane.


quaternary ammonium group transport

description: The directed movement into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore of quaternary ammonium compounds, any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.


platelet degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.


group A colicin transport

description: The directed movement of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


carbohydrate export

description: The directed movement of carbohydrates out of a cell or organelle.


3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate transport

description: The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


pyridoxal transport

description: The directed movement of pyridoxal into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


octopamine secretion, neurotransmission

description: The controlled release of octopamine by a cell, in which the octopamine acts as a neurotransmitter.


name: mitochondrial sulfate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which sulfate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


name: 5-aminolevulinic acid import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of 5-aminolevulinic acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


embryo sac nuclear migration

description: The directed movement of an embryo sac nucleus to the pole or center of the cell.


trisaccharide transport

description: The directed movement of a trisaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


maltose import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of maltose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


protein transport by the Tat complex

description: The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.


nucleic acid transport

description: The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


protein transport into membrane raft

description: The directed movement of a protein into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


cutin transport

description: The directed movement of cutin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cutin, which consists of C16-18 fatty acids, is the major component of the cuticle that covers the plant surface.


L-tryptophan transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-tryptophan across a membrane.


name: ferric triacetylfusarinine C import into cell

description: The directed movement of ferric triacetylfusarinine C into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


siderophore transport

description: The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


glucoside transport

description: The directed movement of glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.


bile acid and bile salt transport

description: The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: nucleoside import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of nucleoside from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


D-allose transmembrane transport

description: The process in which D-allose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


acetyl-CoA transport

description: The directed movement of acetyl-CoA into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


polyamine transport

description: The directed movement of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sulfur amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of amino acids containing sulfur (cystine, methionine and their derivatives) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


plasma membrane copper ion transport

description: The directed movement of copper ions across the plasma membrane.


chloride transport

description: The directed movement of chloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


alpha-glucoside transport

description: The directed movement of alpha-glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.


glucose-6-phosphate transport

description: The directed movement of glucose-6-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


nuclear export

description: The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus.


name: glutamate transmembrane import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of glutamate into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


antibacterial peptide secretion

description: The regulated release of an antibacterial peptide from a cell or a tissue.


catecholamine transport

description: The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


serine import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which serine is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


import into nucleus

description: The directed movement of substances into the nucleus.


name: iron-sulfur cluster export from the mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of iron sulfur clusters from inside the mitochondrion into the cytosol by crossing the inner mitochondrial membrane.


steroid hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system.


asparagine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of asparagine across a membrane.


name: protein transport across the cell outer membrane

description: The directed movement of proteins across the cell outer membrane.


serotonin secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of serotonin by a cell, in which released serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter.


apoptotic cell clearance

description: The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.


name: epithelial cilium movement involved in extracellular fluid movement

description: The directed, self-propelled movement of cilia of epithelial cells. Depending on the type of cell, there may be one or many cilia per cell. This movement is usually coordinated between many epithelial cells, and serves to move extracellular fluid.


description: The directed, sodium-independent, movement of prostaglandins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


synaptic vesicle recycling via endosome

description: Synaptic vesicle recycling where vesicles endocytosed via clathrin-coated pits re-acidify and refill with neurotransmitters after passing through an endosomal intermediate.


maltotriulose transport

description: The directed movement of a maltotriuloseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


citrate transport

description: The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


purine nucleobase transport

description: The directed movement of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


vesicle cytoskeletal trafficking

description: The directed movement of a vesicle along a cytoskeletal fiber such as a microtubule or and actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.


galactitol transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of galactitol across a membrane. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


sulfate transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of sulfate across a membrane.


maltotriose transport

description: The directed movement of a maltotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose import into Golgi lumen

description: The directed movement of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus of a cell.


name: epithelial cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

description: The movement of cilia of epithelial cells of the Left Right Organizer (LRO), also referred to as the node in mouse or the Kupffer's vesicle in zebrafish, resulting in the leftward fluid flow across the LRO and generation or transport of a signal which determines asymmetry in an organism's body plan with respect to the left and right halves.


description: The directed movement of nucleotide-sugars into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nucleotide-sugars are any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


name: mitochondrial NAD transmembrane transport

description: The process in which NAD is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


signal release from synapse

description: Any signal release from a synapse.


tricarboxylic acid transport

description: The directed movement of tricarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


GDP-fucose import into Golgi lumen

description: The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the Golgi lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


fluoride export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of fluoride ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


name: L-lysine import into vacuole involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation

description: A L-lysine import into the vacuole that is involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation.


basipetal auxin transport

description: The unidirectional movement of auxin from the apex to base of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.


name: inter-Golgi cisterna vesicle-mediated transport

description: The directed movement of substances from one Golgi cisterna to another, mediated by small transport vesicles.


name: phosphatidylserine exposure on blood platelet

description: A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the surface of activated blood platelets, and triggers the clotting system.


orexin secretion

description: The controlled release of orexin from a cell or a tissue.


phospholipid efflux

description: The directed movement of a phospholipid out of a cell or organelle.


prostaglandin receptor internalization

description: The process that results in the uptake of a prostaglandin receptor into an endocytic vesicle.


uracil import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of uracil from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: peptide pheromone export by transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of a peptide pheromone across a membrane and out of a cell.


organelle transport along microtubule

description: The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.


name: mating pheromone secretion involved in regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

description: The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that regulates the union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.


catecholamine uptake

description: The directed movement of catecholamine into a cell.


lysophospholipid transport

description: The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.


name: basic amino acid transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.


thyroid hormone transport

description: The directed movement of thyroid hormone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


import into the mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of substances from the cytosol into the mitochondrion.


nuclear envelope budding

description: The process by which large macromolecular complexes are budded through the inner nuclear membrane, into the perinuclear space, thus acquiring a membrane envelope. The enveloped particle fuses with the outer nuclear membrane and is released into the cytoplasm.


asparagine transport

description: The directed movement of asparagine, alpha-aminosuccinamic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


testosterone secretion

description: The regulated release of testosterone into the circulatory system. Testosterone is an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5.


aromatic amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of aromatic amino acids, amino acids with aromatic ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle

description: The active transport of neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. This import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane, established by the action of proton pumps.


dentin extracellular matrix secretion

description: The regulated release by odontoblasts of the extracellular matrix constituents, including collagen, that form the basis of dentin.


retinol transport

description: The directed movement of retinol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


name: polarized secretion of basement membrane proteins in epithelium

description: The basement membrane constituent secretion in which there is a restriction or targeting of basement membrane proteins for controlled release on the basal side of polarized epithelium.


pyridoxal phosphate transport

description: The directed movement of pyridoxal phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; pyridoxal phosphate is pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, and is the active form of vitamin B6.


oligopeptide transmembrane transport

description: The process in which an oligopeptide is transported across a membrane. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


peptide pheromone export

description: The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones.


name: plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule

description: The directed movement of an organelle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.


one-carbon compound transport

description: The directed movement of one-carbon compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


renal water transport

description: The directed movement of water (H2O) by the renal system.


name: calcium activated phospholipid scrambling

description: The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


name: mitochondrial potassium ion transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a potassium ion is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


arbutin transport

description: The directed movement of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


acetylcholine transport

description: The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.


peptide pheromone secretion

description: The regulated release of a peptide pheromone from a cell.


malate transmembrane transport

description: A process in which a malate ion is transported across a membrane.


laminaritriose transport

description: The directed movement of a laminaritrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


lysophospholipid translocation

description: The movement of a lysophospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


name: carbohydrate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of a carbohydrate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


NLS-bearing protein import into nucleus

description: The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear envelope.


lactate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which lactate is transported across a membrane. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.


name: cargo loading involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis

description: Formation of a macromolecular complex during clathrin-dependent endocytosis that connects the assembling clathrin coat to the proteins and/or lipoproteins to be transported in an endocytic vesicle. This complex includes a receptor and an adaptor protein that links the receptor to the clathrin coat.


name: mitochondrial ADP transmembrane transport

description: The process in which ADP is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


sterol transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a sterol is transported across a membrane. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


name: secretion by the type IV secretion system

description: The controlled release of proteins or DNA by a cell, via the type IV secretion system.


name: histamine-induced gastric acid secretion

description: The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of histamine with H2 type receptor receptors with subsequent activation of adenylate cyclase and elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP.


pyridoxal import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of pyridoxal from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


cellular response to micafungin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a micafungin stimulus.


response to micafungin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a micafungin stimulus.


name: negative regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein O-linked glycosylation.


apical dendrite development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an apical dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: positive regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.


name: regulation of neuron projection regeneration

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.


name: negative regulation of sprouting of injured axon

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.


name: negative regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.


name: negative regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.


regulation of axon regeneration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.


name: negative regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.


name: positive regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of growth cone in injured axon.


name: positive regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.


name: negative regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.


name: negative regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of growth cone in injured axon.


name: negative regulation of axon regeneration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.


name: positive regulation of neuron projection regeneration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.


name: regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.


name: positive regulation of axon regeneration

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration.


name: positive regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon extension involved in regeneration.


name: positive regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.


name: positive regulation of sprouting of injured axon

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of sprouting of an injured axon.


name: regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.


name: negative regulation of neuron projection regeneration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.


name: regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.


regulation of immunoglobulin production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


name: negative regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


name: negative regulation of immunoglobulin production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


regulation of isotype switching

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


name: negative regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


name: negative regulation of isotype switching

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.


name: regulation of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue.


name: regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


name: regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.


name: positive regulation of immunoglobulin production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


name: negative regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.


name: positive regulation of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue.


name: regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


name: negative regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


name: regulation of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


name: negative regulation of translational fidelity

description: Any process that decreases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.


name: post-embryonic plant organ morphogenesis

description: Morphogenesis, during the post-embryonic phase, of a plant tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis pertains to process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.